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Platelet α-granules are required for occlusive high-shear-rate thrombosis. Blood Adv 2020; 4:3258-3267. [PMID: 32697818 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
von Willebrand factor (VWF) is essential for the induction of arterial thrombosis. In this study, we investigated the critical role of platelet VWF in occlusive thrombosis formation at high shear in mice that do not express platelet VWF (Nbeal2-/-). Using in silico modeling, in vitro high-shear microfluidics, and an in vivo Folts model of arterial thrombosis we reproduced the platelet dynamics that occur under pathological flow in a stenosed vessel. Computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) simulated local hemodynamics in a stenosis based on arterial geometries. The model predicted shear rates, time course of platelet adhesion, and time to occlusion. These predictions were validated in vitro and in vivo. Occlusive thrombosis developed in wild-type control mice that had normal levels of plasma VWF and platelet VWF in vitro and in vivo. Occlusive thrombosis did not form in the Nbeal2-/- mice that had normal plasma VWF and an absence of platelet VWF. Occlusive thrombosis was corrected in Nbeal2-/- microfluidic assays by the addition of exogenous normal platelets with VWF. Combining model and experimental data, we demonstrated the necessary requirement of platelet VWF in α-granules in forming an occlusive thrombus under high shear. These results could inspire new pharmacological targets specific to pathological conditions and prevent arterial thrombosis.
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A Novel Microchip Technique for Quickly Identifying Nanogranules in an Aqueous Solution by Transmission Electron Microscopy: Imaging of Platelet Granules. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10144946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ultrastructural observation of biological specimens or nanogranules usually requires the use of electron microscopy. Electron microscopy takes a lot of time, requires many steps, and uses many chemicals, which may affect the native state of biological specimens. A novel microchip (K-kit) was used as a specimen kit for in situ imaging of human platelet granules in an aqueous solution using a transmission electron microscope. This microchip enabled us to observe the native human platelet granules very quickly and easily. The protocols included blood collection, platelet purification, platelet granule isolation, sample loading into this microchip, and then observation by a transmission electron microscope. In addition, these granules could still remain in aqueous solution, and only a very small amount of the sample was required for observation and analysis. We used this microchip to identify the native platelet granules by negative staining. Furthermore, we used this microchip to perform immunoelectron microscopy and successfully label α-granules of platelets with the anti-P-selectin antibody. These results demonstrate that the novel microchip can provide researchers with faster and better choices when using a transmission electron microscope to examine nanogranules of biological specimens in aqueous conditions.
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CXCL4 triggers monocytes and macrophages to produce PDGF-BB, culminating in fibroblast activation: Implications for systemic sclerosis. J Autoimmun 2020; 111:102444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zaar M, Herzig MC, Fedyk CG, Montgomery RK, Prat N, Parida BK, Hinojosa-Laborde C, Muniz GW, Shade RE, Bauer C, Delacruz W, Bynum JA, Convertino VA, Cap AP, Pidcoke HF. Similar hemostatic responses to hypovolemia induced by hemorrhage and lower body negative pressure reveal a hyperfibrinolytic subset of non-human primates. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234844. [PMID: 32579572 PMCID: PMC7314422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study central hypovolemia in humans, lower body negative pressure (LBNP) is a recognized alternative to blood removal (HEM). While LBNP mimics the cardiovascular responses of HEM in baboons, similarities in hemostatic responses to LBNP and HEM remain unknown in this species. METHODS Thirteen anesthetized baboons were exposed to progressive hypovolemia by HEM and, four weeks later, by LBNP. Hemostatic activity was evaluated by plasma markers, thromboelastography (TEG), flow cytometry, and platelet aggregometry at baseline (BL), during and after hypovolemia. RESULTS BL values were indistinguishable for most parameters although platelet count, maximal clot strength (MA), protein C, thrombin anti-thrombin complex (TAT), thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) activity significantly differed between HEM and LBNP. Central hypovolemia induced by either method activated coagulation; TEG R-time decreased and MA increased during and after hypovolemia compared to BL. Platelets displayed activation by flow cytometry; platelet count and functional aggregometry were unchanged. TAFI activity and protein, Factors V and VIII, vWF, Proteins C and S all demonstrated hemodilution during HEM and hemoconcentration during LBNP, whereas tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasmin/anti-plasmin complex, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 did not. Fibrinolysis (TEG LY30) was unchanged by either method; however, at BL, fibrinolysis varied greatly. Post-hoc analysis separated baboons into low-lysis (LY30 <2%) or high-lysis (LY30 >2%) whose fibrinolytic state matched at both HEM and LBNP BL. In high-lysis, BL tPA and LY30 correlated strongly (r = 0.95; P<0.001), but this was absent in low-lysis. In low-lysis, BL TAFI activity and tPA correlated (r = 0.88; P<0.050), but this was absent in high-lysis. CONCLUSIONS Central hypovolemia induced by either LBNP or HEM resulted in activation of coagulation; thus, LBNP is an adjunct to study hemorrhage-induced pro-coagulation in baboons. Furthermore, this study revealed a subset of baboons with baseline hyperfibrinolysis, which was strongly coupled to tPA and uncoupled from TAFI activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Zaar
- Center for Human Integrative Physiology, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maryanne C. Herzig
- Coagulation and Blood Research, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chriselda G. Fedyk
- Coagulation and Blood Research, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robbie K. Montgomery
- Coagulation and Blood Research, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Prat
- Coagulation and Blood Research, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Bijaya K. Parida
- Coagulation and Blood Research, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carmen Hinojosa-Laborde
- Center for Human Integrative Physiology, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gary W. Muniz
- Center for Human Integrative Physiology, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Shade
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cassondra Bauer
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wilfred Delacruz
- Center for Human Integrative Physiology, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - James A. Bynum
- Coagulation and Blood Research, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Victor A. Convertino
- Center for Human Integrative Physiology, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Cap
- Coagulation and Blood Research, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Heather F. Pidcoke
- Coagulation and Blood Research, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Evans AG, Mwangi JM, Pope RW, Ivanic MG, Botros MA, Glassman GE, Pearce FB, Kassis S. Platelet-rich plasma as a therapy for androgenic alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:498-511. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1770171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam G. Evans
- School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James M. Mwangi
- School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rand W. Pope
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Mina A. Botros
- School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gabriella E. Glassman
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - F. Bennett Pearce
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Salam Kassis
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F, Favaloro EJ. Mean platelet volume in arterial and venous thrombotic disorders. J LAB MED 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/labmed-2019-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The mean platelet volume (MPV) is an easy, rapid and inexpensive laboratory parameter which basically mirrors platelet size. Due to the essential role of platelets in hemostasis, many studies have assessed the MPV value in patients with arterial and venous thrombotic disorders. These have then been summarized in some interesting meta-analyses and recent studies that will be discussed in this narrative review. Taken together, the currently available evidence suggests that the MPV may be substantially increased in concomitance with acute episodes of coronary artery disease, venous thromboembolism, portal vein thrombosis, stroke, erectile dysfunction and preeclampsia. In many of these conditions, an increased MPV value may also be associated with unfavorable outcomes. Despite these convincing findings, some important technical issues should be considered for improving the clinical usefulness of this measure. These essentially include anticoagulant, timing of sample collection, the sample storage conditions, the influence of the analytical techniques, the approaches used for its calculation, the accurate definition of reference ranges and diagnostic cut-offs, as well as the current lack of standardization, which makes data obtained with different techniques/analyzers poorly comparable. Provided that the impact of these variables can be abated or minimized, the MPV can gain a valuable role in the laboratory workout of many arterial and venous thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry , University Hospital of Verona , Piazzale LA Scuro , 37134 Verona , Italy
| | - Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain
| | - Emmanuel J. Favaloro
- Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Sydney Centers for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital , Westmead, NSW , Australia
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Tong DL, Kempsell KE, Szakmany T, Ball G. Development of a Bioinformatics Framework for Identification and Validation of Genomic Biomarkers and Key Immunopathology Processes and Controllers in Infectious and Non-infectious Severe Inflammatory Response Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:380. [PMID: 32318053 PMCID: PMC7147506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as dysregulated host response caused by systemic infection, leading to organ failure. It is a life-threatening condition, often requiring admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). The causative agents and processes involved are multifactorial but are characterized by an overarching inflammatory response, sharing elements in common with severe inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) of non-infectious origin. Sepsis presents with a range of pathophysiological and genetic features which make clinical differentiation from SIRS very challenging. This may reflect a poor understanding of the key gene inter-activities and/or pathway associations underlying these disease processes. Improved understanding is critical for early differential recognition of sepsis and SIRS and to improve patient management and clinical outcomes. Judicious selection of gene biomarkers suitable for development of diagnostic tests/testing could make differentiation of sepsis and SIRS feasible. Here we describe a methodologic framework for the identification and validation of biomarkers in SIRS, sepsis and septic shock patients, using a 2-tier gene screening, artificial neural network (ANN) data mining technique, using previously published gene expression datasets. Eight key hub markers have been identified which may delineate distinct, core disease processes and which show potential for informing underlying immunological and pathological processes and thus patient stratification and treatment. These do not show sufficient fold change differences between the different disease states to be useful as primary diagnostic biomarkers, but are instrumental in identifying candidate pathways and other associated biomarkers for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ling Tong
- Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Computing, First City University College, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.,School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E Kempsell
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Szakmany
- Department of Anaesthesia Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Ball
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Lee HW, Choi KH, Kim JY, Kim KO, Haotian B, Yuxuan L, Noh KC. Proteomic Classification and Identification of Proteins Related to Tissue Healing of Platelet-Rich Plasma. Clin Orthop Surg 2020; 12:120-129. [PMID: 32117548 PMCID: PMC7031431 DOI: 10.4055/cios.2020.12.1.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a plasma component of autologous blood containing a high concentration of platelets. PRP is used to promote healing of damaged tissues. However, there are not many studies on the composition and expression patterns of active proteins in PRP. The purpose of this study was to identify unknown factors that contribute to tissue healing by proteomic analysis of proteins in PRP. Methods Three men in their 30s with no basal disease participated in this study. All identified proteins were classified for tissue healing-related functions on the basis of the gene ontology analysis of adhesion molecule with Ig-like domain 2 (AmiGO2). PRP was prepared by using the ACP kit and GPS III kit. Results We identified a total of 125 proteins related to wound healing, along with three proteins for angiogenesis involved in wound healing, two proteins for fibroblast migration, four proteins for collagen biosynthesis process, two proteins for glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis process, and 13 proteins for glycosaminoglycan binding. So, in addition to the growth factors that have been already known to be involved in tissue healing, 25 new proteins were identified. Conclusions We identified the unknown proteins associated with tissue healing in PRP. Our findings may serve as a foundation for the establishment of basic medical evidence for PRP applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Won Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Youn Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ok Kim
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Bai Haotian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liu Yuxuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Radiology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Cheol Noh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yu Z, Shibazaki M, Otsuka H, Takada H, Nakamura M, Endo Y. Dynamics of Platelet Behaviors as Defenders and Guardians: Accumulations in Liver, Lung, and Spleen in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 42:1253-1267. [PMID: 31366863 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic platelet behaviors in experimental animals are often assessed by infusion of isotope-labeled platelets and measuring them under anesthesia. However, such procedures alter, therefore may not reveal, real-life platelet behaviors. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5HT or serotonin) is present within limited cell-types, including platelets. In our studies, by measuring 5HT as a platelet-marker in non-anesthetized mice, we identified stimulation- and time-dependent accumulations in liver, lung, and/or spleen as important systemic platelet behaviors. For example, intravenous, intraperitoneal, or intragingival injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a cell-wall component of Gram-negative bacteria), interleukin (IL)-1, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced hepatic platelet accumulation (HPA) and platelet translocation into the sinusoidal and perisinusoidal spaces or hepatocytes themselves. These events occurred "within a few hours" of the injection, caused hypoglycemia, and exhibited protective or causal effects on hepatitis. Intravenous injection of larger doses of LPS into normal mice, or intravenous antigen-challenge to sensitized mice, induced pulmonary platelet accumulation (PPA), as well as HPA. These reactions occurred "within a few min" of the LPS injection or antigen challenge and resulted in shock. Intravenous injection of 5HT or a catecholamine induced a rapid PPA "within 6 s." Intravenous LPS injection, within a minute, increased the pulmonary catecholamines that mediate the LPS-induced PPA. Macrophage-depletion from liver and spleen induced "day-scale" splenic platelet accumulation, suggesting the spleen is involved in clearing senescent platelets. These findings indicate the usefulness of 5HT as a marker of platelet behaviors, and provide a basis for a discussion of the roles of platelets as both "defenders" and "guardians."
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute for Disaster Science, Tohoku University
| | - Masahiro Shibazaki
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University
| | - Hirotada Otsuka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Haruhiko Takada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University
| | - Yasuo Endo
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University
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Dukhinova MS, Prilepskii AY, Shtil AA, Vinogradov VV. Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Therapeutic Regulation of Macrophage Functions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1631. [PMID: 31744137 PMCID: PMC6915518 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are components of the innate immune system that control a plethora of biological processes. Macrophages can be activated towards pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes depending on the cue; however, polarization may be altered in bacterial and viral infections, cancer, or autoimmune diseases. Metal (zinc, iron, titanium, copper, etc.) oxide nanoparticles are widely used in therapeutic applications as drugs, nanocarriers, and diagnostic tools. Macrophages can recognize and engulf nanoparticles, while the influence of macrophage-nanoparticle interaction on cell polarization remains unclear. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms that drive macrophage activation phenotypes and functions upon interaction with nanoparticles in an inflammatory microenvironment. The manifold effects of metal oxide nanoparticles on macrophages depend on the type of metal and the route of synthesis. While largely considered as drug transporters, metal oxide nanoparticles nevertheless have an immunotherapeutic potential, as they can evoke pro- or anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages and become essential for macrophage profiling in cancer, wound healing, infections, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina S. Dukhinova
- ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russia; (M.S.D.); (A.Y.P.); (A.A.S.)
| | | | - Alexander A. Shtil
- ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russia; (M.S.D.); (A.Y.P.); (A.A.S.)
- Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia
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Rana A, Westein E, Niego B, Hagemeyer CE. Shear-Dependent Platelet Aggregation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:141. [PMID: 31620451 PMCID: PMC6763557 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the number one cause of morbidity and death worldwide. As estimated by the WHO, the global death rate from CVD is 31% wherein, a staggering 85% results from stroke and myocardial infarction. Platelets, one of the key components of thrombi, have been well-investigated over decades for their pivotal role in thrombus development in healthy as well as diseased blood vessels. In hemostasis, when a vascular injury occurs, circulating platelets are arrested at the site of damage, where they are activated and aggregate to form hemostatic thrombi, thus preventing further bleeding. However, in thrombosis, pathological activation of platelets occurs, leading to uncontrolled growth of a thrombus, which in turn can occlude the blood vessel or embolize, causing downstream ischemic events. The molecular processes causing pathological thrombus development are in large similar to the processes controlling physiological thrombus formation. The biggest challenge of anti-thrombotics and anti-platelet therapeutics has been to decouple the pathological platelet response from the physiological one. Currently, marketed anti-platelet drugs are associated with major bleeding complications for this exact reason; they are not effective in targeting pathological thrombi without interfering with normal hemostasis. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of shear forces generated from blood flow, that primarily drive platelet activation and aggregation in thrombosis. Local shear stresses in obstructed blood vessels can be higher by up to two orders of magnitude as compared to healthy vessels. Leveraging abnormal shear forces in the thrombus microenvironment may allow to differentiate between thrombosis and hemostasis and develop shear-selective anti-platelet therapies. In this review, we discuss the influence of shear forces on thrombosis and the underlying mechanisms of shear-induced platelet activation. Later, we summarize the therapeutic approaches to target shear-sensitive platelet activation and pathological thrombus growth, with a particular focus on the shear-sensitive protein von Willebrand Factor (VWF). Inhibition of shear-specific platelet aggregation and targeted drug delivery may prove to be much safer and efficacious approaches over current state-of-the-art antithrombotic drugs in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshita Rana
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erik Westein
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Be'eri Niego
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christoph E Hagemeyer
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Gao Y, Ku NJ, Sung TC, Higuchi A, Hung CS, Lee HHC, Ling QD, Cheng NC, Umezawa A, Barro L, Burnouf T, Ye Q, Chen H. The effect of human platelet lysate on the differentiation ability of human adipose-derived stem cells cultured on ECM-coated surfaces. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:7110-7119. [PMID: 31513217 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01764j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), such as human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs), present heterogeneous characteristics, including varying differentiation abilities and genotypes. hADSCs isolated under different conditions exhibit differences in stemness. We isolated hADSCs from human fat tissues via culture on different cell culture biomaterials including tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) dishes and extracellular matrix protein (ECM)-coated dishes in medium supplemented with 5% or 10% serum-converted human platelet lysate (hPL) or 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a control. Currently, it is not clear whether xeno-free hPL in the cell culture medium promotes the ability of hMSCs such as hADSCs to differentiate into several cell lineages compared to the xenomaterial FBS. We investigated whether a synchronized effect of ECM (Matrigel, fibronectin, and recombinant vitronectin) coatings on TCPS dishes for efficient hADSC differentiation could be observed when hADSCs were cultured in hPL medium. We found that Matrigel-coated dishes promoted hADSC differentiation into osteoblasts and suppressed differentiation into chondrocytes in 10% hPL medium. Recombinant vitronectin- and fibronectin-coated dishes greatly promoted hADSC differentiation into osteoblasts and chondrocytes in 5% and 10% hPL media. hPL promoted hADSC differentiation into osteoblasts and chondrocytes compared to FBS on the fibronectin-coated surface and recombinant vitronectin-coated surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Nien-Ju Ku
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Cheng Sung
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Akon Higuchi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China. and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan and Center for Emergent Matter Science, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 16, Xinsan Road, Hi-Tech Industry Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chi-Sheng Hung
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Henry Hsin-Chung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, No. 678, Sec 2, Zhonghua Rd, Hsinchu, 30060, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Qing-Dong Ling
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, No. 32, Ln 160, Jian-Cheng Road, Hsi-Chi City, Taipei 221, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chen Cheng
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, 7 Chung-Shan S. Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproduction, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Lassina Barro
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Regenerative Dentistry Group, School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston Qld, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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Abstract
The ability to generate new microvessels in desired numbers and at desired locations has been a long-sought goal in vascular medicine, engineering, and biology. Historically, the need to revascularize ischemic tissues nonsurgically (so-called therapeutic vascularization) served as the main driving force for the development of new methods of vascular growth. More recently, vascularization of engineered tissues and the generation of vascularized microphysiological systems have provided additional targets for these methods, and have required adaptation of therapeutic vascularization to biomaterial scaffolds and to microscale devices. Three complementary strategies have been investigated to engineer microvasculature: angiogenesis (the sprouting of existing vessels), vasculogenesis (the coalescence of adult or progenitor cells into vessels), and microfluidics (the vascularization of scaffolds that possess the open geometry of microvascular networks). Over the past several decades, vascularization techniques have grown tremendously in sophistication, from the crude implantation of arteries into myocardial tunnels by Vineberg in the 1940s, to the current use of micropatterning techniques to control the exact shape and placement of vessels within a scaffold. This review provides a broad historical view of methods to engineer the microvasculature, and offers a common framework for organizing and analyzing the numerous studies in this area of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1155-1212, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Tien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Brookline, Massachusetts, USA
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Hotta E, Tamagawa-Mineoka R, Katoh N. Platelets are important for the development of immune tolerance: Possible involvement of TGF-β in the mechanism. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:801-808. [PMID: 30991458 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelets have diverse roles in immune processes in addition to their key functions in haemostasis and thrombosis. Some studies imply that platelets may be possibly related to the immune tolerance induction. However, the role of platelets in the development of immune tolerance is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of platelets in the development of regulatory mechanisms responsible for cutaneous inflammation using a mouse model of low zone tolerance (LZT). Mice were treated with 2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene (TNCB) 8 times every other day for tolerance induction with administration of anti-platelet antibody or control antibody during the tolerance induction phase every 3 days. After the treatment for the tolerance induction, mice were sensitized and then challenged with TNCB. The contact hypersensitivity (CHS) was significantly decreased at 24 hours after challenge in the mice with LZT than in those without LZT. Platelet depletion via administration of anti-platelet antibody reversed the inhibition of CHS and reduced the frequency of Foxp3+ Tregs in the inflamed skin and draining lymph nodes in mice with LZT. In addition, repeated low-dose skin exposure resulted in elevated plasma levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Interestingly, platelet depletion reduced plasma TGF-β1 levels of mice with LZT. Furthermore, the CHS response was reduced by administration of recombinant TGF-β1 during platelet depletion in mice with LZT. Administration of anti-TGF-β antibody reversed the inhibition of the CHS responses. These results suggest that platelets are involved in the induction of immune tolerance via the release of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Hotta
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Risa Tamagawa-Mineoka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norito Katoh
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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66
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Platelet-rich plasma and its utility in medical dermatology: A systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 81:834-846. [PMID: 31009668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of dermatology has seen numerous therapeutic innovations in the past decade with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), recently garnering significant interest in alopecia, acne scarring, and skin rejuvenation. In other conditions of dermatology, such as chronic wounds and vitiligo, PRP has been investigated but has received less attention. The objective of this literature review was to focus on conditions of medical dermatology and to consolidate the available evidence on PRP for the practicing dermatologist. This review evaluates the literature up to October 31, 2018, and a search was conducted in the PubMed database for "platelet-rich plasma," "platelet releasate," "platelet gel," "platelet-rich fibrin" or "PRP" and "dermatology," "skin," "cutaneous," "wound," or "ulcer." In total, 14 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. In studies representing Levels of Evidence 1b-4 according to the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford, PRP significantly improved wound healing in chronic diabetic ulcers, venous ulcers, pressure ulcers, leprosy ulcers, acute traumatic wounds, and ulcers of multifactorial etiologies. Two studies also documented benefits of adjunctive PRP in stable vitiligo. In chronic wounds of multiple etiologies and vitiligo, PRP warrants further investigation because it represents a potential therapeutic adjunct or alternative with a favorable side effect profile.
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Lei X, Xu P, Cheng B. Problems and Solutions for Platelet-Rich Plasma in Facial Rejuvenation: A Systematic Review. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019; 43:457-469. [PMID: 30327852 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-018-1256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been widely applied in orthopedics, maxillofacial surgery, burns, and plastic surgery, especially in facial rejuvenation. Research is ongoing into new indications and mechanisms of PRP to promote its wider, safer, and more effective use in the clinic. This article reviews the possible mechanisms of PRP in facial rejuvenation and related research. It is expected that the application of PRP in this field will increase. METHODS The use of PRP in facial rejuvenation was screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The relevant articles were searched through Pubmed digest database, SCI full-text database, ScienceDirect full-text database, and the CNKI full-text database. The different effects and limitations of PRP were extracted. RESULTS A total of 108 articles were obtained, including 18 articles researching PRP in cells, 10 articles on animal research using PRP, 16 articles on the clinical study of PRP, 24 articles involving signs of skin aging, and four articles on the limitations of PRP. The remaining articles were related to the preparation of PRP, the introduction of PRP, and other aspects. CONCLUSION Based on in vitro and in vivo research, PRP may play a role in promoting tissue regeneration, oxidative stress and revascularization, which form the theoretical basis for the use of PRP in the clinical treatment of facial rejuvenation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Lei
- The Graduate School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Center of Wound Treatment, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- Center of Wound Treatment, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Biao Cheng
- The Graduate School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Center of Wound Treatment, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, 510010, China.
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Kaneva VN, Martyanov AA, Morozova DS, Panteleev MA, Sveshnikova AN. Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3: Mechanisms of Activation and Clustering; Involvement into the Formation of the Thrombus Heterogeneous Structure. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747819010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Le Minh G, Peshkova AD, Andrianova IA, Weisel JW, Litvinov RI. Differential sensitivity of various markers of platelet activation with adenosine diphosphate. BIONANOSCIENCE 2019; 9:53-58. [PMID: 31534882 PMCID: PMC6750022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A number of techniques have been available to assess platelet activation, but their relative sensitivity is unknown and their usage is variable and not based on any rational criteria. Here, we compared the ability of several techniques based on morphological and biochemical markers to detect the first signs of ADP-induced platelet activation. Scanning electron microscopy of platelets was performed in parallel with flow cytometry to quantify the surface expression of P-selectin (marked by labeled anti-CD62P antibodies), active αIIbβ3-intergrin (assessed by the binding of labeled fibrinogen) and phosphatidylserine (assessed by the binding of labeled Annexin V). When expressed as a fraction of activated platelets, shape changes were the most sensitive to a low ADP concentration compared to the biochemical markers in the following order of sensitivity: morphological changes>fibrinogen binding capacity>P-selectin expression> phosphatidylserine exposure. These results suggest the greater sensitivity of platelet microscopy and the importance of its combination with flow cytometry used to detect surface expression of the molecular markers of platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Le Minh
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alina D. Peshkova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Izabella A. Andrianova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - John W. Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rustem I. Litvinov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hesseler MJ, Shyam N. Platelet-rich plasma and its utility in the treatment of acne scars: A systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 80:1730-1745. [PMID: 30742878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of dermatology has seen numerous therapeutic innovations in the past decade, with platelet-rich plasma recently garnering significant interest in acne scarring. This review consolidates the available evidence on platelet-rich plasma for the practicing dermatologist and evaluates the current evidence up to May 31, 2018. A search was conducted in the PubMed database for the terms platelet-rich plasma or platelet releasate or platelet gel or PRP and dermatology or skin or acne or scar or cutaneous, with 13 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The quality of each individual study was evaluated, and levels of evidence were assigned according to the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom. This review reveals that activated, leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma in combination with fractional ablative laser treatment administered in 2 or 3 sequential sessions 1 month apart improves the appearance of acne scars. The evidence for the use of platelet-rich plasma with microneedling is less supportive. Because of the heterogeneity of the studies and widely variable outcome measures, comparison between platelet-rich plasma treatments and subsequent statistical analysis could not be performed. Although these studies use various subjective and objective evaluation methods, the addition of platelet-rich plasma provides improvements in acne scarring, higher patient satisfaction, and decreased postprocedure downtime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikhil Shyam
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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72
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Alsousou J, Harrison P. Therapeutic Platelet-Rich Plasma in Wound Healing. Platelets 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813456-6.00065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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73
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Le Minh G, Peshkova AD, Andrianova IA, Weisel JW, Litvinov RI. Differential Sensitivity of Various Markers of Platelet Activation with Adenosine Diphosphate. BIONANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-018-0586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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74
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Aryal B, Yamakuchi M, Shimizu T, Kadono J, Furoi A, Gejima K, Komokata T, Hashiguchi T, Imoto Y. Therapeutic implication of platelets in liver regeneration -hopes and hues. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:1219-1228. [PMID: 30791793 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1533813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence highlights platelet involvement in liver regeneration via interaction with liver cells, growth factors release, and signaling contributions. Existing research suggests a compelling biological rationale for utilizing platelet biology, with the goal of improving liver function and accelerating its regenerative potential. Despite its expanding application in several clinical areas, the contribution of the platelet and its therapeutic implementation in liver regeneration so far has not yet fulfilled the initial high expectations. Areas covered: This review scrutinizes the progress, current updates, and discusses how recent understanding - particularly in the clinical implications of platelet-based therapy - may enable strategies to introduce and harness the therapeutic potential of the platelet during liver regeneration. Expert commentary: Several clinical and translational studies have facilitated a platform for the development of platelet-based therapy to enhance liver regeneration. While some of these therapies are effective to augment liver regeneration, the others have had some detrimental outcomes. The existing evidence represents a challenge for future projects that are focused on directly incorporating platelet-based therapies to induce liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Aryal
- a Cardiovascular and Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Munekazu Yamakuchi
- b Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- b Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Jun Kadono
- c Department of Surgery , Kirishima Medical Center , Kirishima , Japan
| | - Akira Furoi
- c Department of Surgery , Kirishima Medical Center , Kirishima , Japan
| | - Kentaro Gejima
- a Cardiovascular and Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Teruo Komokata
- d Department of Surgery , Kagoshima Medical Center . Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Teruto Hashiguchi
- b Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Yutaka Imoto
- a Cardiovascular and Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
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75
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Hsu YK, Sheu SY, Wang CY, Chuang MH, Chung PC, Luo YS, Huang JJ, Ohashi F, Akiyoshi H, Kuo TF. The effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes with platelet-rich fibrin releasates augmentation by intra-articular injection on acute osteochondral defects in a rabbit model. Knee 2018; 25:1181-1191. [PMID: 30420268 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs), platelet-rich fibrin releasates (PRFr), and chondrocyte transplantation in rabbit acute osteochondral defects. METHODS Thirty rabbits were randomly assigned to five groups: untreated controls; ADSCs alone; PRFr alone; PRFr + ADSCs; and PRFr + chondrocytes. The critical size osteochondral defects in right knee femoral condyles were injected intra-articularly according to the groups, as listed. The experimental rabbits received treatments once a week for two weeks postoperatively. All evaluations were conducted for 14 weeks following surgery, and the regenerated cartilages were assessed by gross inspection and histological examination. RESULTS There were no complications encountered in any of the rabbits. The size of the defect decreased and the volume of repaired cartilage increased in the medial femoral condyles of the PRFr + ADSCs group. Relative to the ADSCs or PRFr group, histological examination demonstrated that the PRFr + ADSCs group had thicker hyaline cartilage-specific extracellular matrix. Grading scores revealed that PRFr + ADSCs injection had better matrix, cell distribution, and surface indices than other groups (P < 0.05). However, the histological scores reported for PRFr + chondrocytes on cartilage repair were similar to those of PRFr, and there were no significant between-group differences. CONCLUSIONS These findings showed that intra-articular injections of PRFr + ADSCs into the knee can reduce cartilage defects by regenerating hyaline-like cartilage without complications. This approach may provide an alternative method for functional reconstruction of acute osteochondral defects with an unlimited source of cells and releasates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Kai Hsu
- Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shi-Yuan Sheu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Chuang
- Ph.D. Program of Technology Management, Chung Hwa University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Gwo Xi Stem Cell Applied Technology Co., Ltd., Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chung
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Siang Luo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Jie Huang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Animal Experimental Research Center/Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fumihito Ohashi
- Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tzong-Fu Kuo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Saito M, Ichikawa J, Ando T, Schoenecker JG, Ohba T, Koyama K, Suzuki-Inoue K, Haro H. Platelet-Derived TGF-β Induces Tissue Factor Expression via the Smad3 Pathway in Osteosarcoma Cells. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:2048-2058. [PMID: 29949655 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, the prognosis of osteosarcoma has remained unchanged; the prognosis for patients with lung metastasis is still poor, and the development of new treatments is urgently required. We previously showed that aggressive osteosarcoma cells express more tissue factor (TF) and demonstrate enhanced extrinsic pathway capacity. Furthermore, tumor growth can be suppressed with the anticoagulant low molecular weight heparin. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying TF regulation are still unclear. Here, we report that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) upregulates TF, which can occur via activated platelets. TF was found to be expressed on osteosarcoma cell surfaces, which mediated the production of Xa and thrombin. TF induction by TGF-β was observed in several osteosarcoma cells, and especially in MG 63 cells. Both TF expression by TGF-β and extrinsic pathway activity through TF were rapidly increased. This reaction was inhibited by a TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor and TGF-β neutralizing antibody. Although TGF-β was found to phosphorylate both Smad2 and Smad3, their roles were markedly disparate. Surprisingly, Smad2 knockdown resulted in no inhibitory effect, whereas Smad3 knockdown completely suppressed TGF-β-induced TF expression. Next, data suggested that platelets were the source of TGF-β. We confirmed that thrombin-activated platelets and osteosarcoma cells could release TGF-β, and that platelet-derived TGF-β could induce TF expression. These processes were also inhibited by a TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor and Smad3 knockdown. Moreover, CD42b, TF, TGF-β, Smad2/3, and p-Smad2/3 were also detected in a biopsy sample from an osteosarcoma patient. Collectively, these finding suggested that the interaction between osteosarcoma cells and platelets, via thrombin and TGF-β, results in a continuous cycle, and that anti-platelet or anti-TGF-β therapy could be a promising tool for disease treatment. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Jiro Ichikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuro Ohba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Koyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Katsue Suzuki-Inoue
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Haro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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Novel Therapeutic Agent against Platelet Activation In Vitro and Arterial Thrombosis In Vivo by Morin Hydrate. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082386. [PMID: 30104547 PMCID: PMC6121409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Morin hydrate, a bioactive flavonoid, has been proven to prevent inflammation and apoptosis of cells. Flavonoids can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, in which platelet activation plays a major role. This study investigated the effect of morin hydrate on platelet activation in vitro and in vivo. Morin hydrate markedly inhibited platelet aggregation stimulated by collagen in human platelets but not that stimulated by other agonists. In collagen-activated platelets, morin hydrate inhibited adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release; intracellular Ca2+ mobilization; P-selectin expression; and phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2), protein kinase C (PKC), and Akt. In mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, morin hydrate evidently diminished ERK2 or JNK1 activation, except for p38 MAPK. Additionally, morin hydrate markedly reduced the OH· signals in platelet suspensions but not in the cell-free system (Fenton reaction solution). Moreover, morin hydrate substantially increased the occlusion time of thrombotic platelet plug formation but had no effect on bleeding time in mice. In conclusion, morin hydrate crucially inhibits platelet activation through inhibition of the PLCγ2–PKC cascade and subsequent suppression of Akt and MAPK activation, thereby ultimately inhibiting platelet aggregation. Therefore, this paper suggests that morin hydrate constitutes a novel and potential natural therapeutic product for preventing or treating thromboembolic disorders.
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Measurement of platelet p-selectin expression by flow cytometry in patients with acute ischemic stroke. ACTA MEDICA MARTINIANA 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/acm-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to asses the platelet activation in the acute phase of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) by defining p-selectin (CD62) expression by flow cytometry in vivo – without stimulation with agonists. We also studied whether antiplatelet therapy supresses the levels of baseline p-selectin expression and verified if there is a correlation between platelet CD62 expression and the type of ischemic stroke.
Methods: We determined the expression of platelet surface p-selectin using whole-blood flow cytometry within the first 48-hours after onset of cerebral symptoms in patients with atherothrombotic and lacunar ischemic stroke and in healthy volunteers. We studied the realationship between antiplatelet medication and the type of ischemic stroke to baseline p-selectin expression.
Results: Patients with acute cerebral ischemia have an excess of circulating platelets that express p-selectin, compared to healthy volunteers. The difference between average p-selectin expression in the group of healthy volunteers and the group of patients with stroke was statistically significant (p-value < 0,000001). Patients with stroke without antiplatelet medication showed a higher p-selectin expression than patients with antiplatelet medication (ASA, CLP, or ASA and CLP), hovewer, the difference was not statistically significant. There is no relationship between CD62 expression and the type of stroke.
Conclusions: We can conclude that p-selectin is a highly sensitive blood biomarker of increased platelet activation. Antiplatelet therapy suppresses baseline p-selectin expression only minimally, insignificantly according to our results.
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Gocht A, Distler JH, Spriewald B, Ramsperger-Gleixner M, Weyand M, Ensminger SM, Heim C. Effects of different serotonin receptor subtype antagonists on the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in murine aortic allografts. Transpl Immunol 2018; 49:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ir-6: A Novel Iridium (III) Organometallic Derivative for Inhibition of Human Platelet Activation. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2018; 2018:8291393. [PMID: 29853830 PMCID: PMC5954965 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8291393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation has been reported to play a major role in arterial thrombosis, cancer metastasis, and progression. Recently, we developed a novel Ir(III)-based compound, [Ir(Cp∗)1-(2-pyridyl)-3-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine Cl]BF4 or Ir-6 and assessed its effectiveness as an antiplatelet drug. Ir-6 exhibited higher potency against human platelet aggregation stimulated by collagen. Ir-6 also inhibited ATP-release, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, P-selectin expression, and the phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2), protein kinase C (PKC), v-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (Akt)/protein kinase B, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), in collagen-activated platelets. Neither the adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 nor the guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one significantly reversed the Ir-6-mediated inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Moreover, Ir-6 did not considerably diminish OH radical signals in collagen-activated platelets or Fenton reaction solution. At 2 mg/kg, Ir-6 markedly prolonged the bleeding time in experimental mice. In conclusion, Ir-6 plays a crucial role by inhibiting platelet activation through the inhibition of signaling pathways, such as the PLCγ2-PKC cascade and the subsequent suppression of Akt and MAPK activation, thereby ultimately inhibiting platelet aggregation. Therefore, Ir-6 is a potential therapeutic agent for preventing or treating thromboembolic disorders or disrupting the interplay between platelets and tumor cells, which contributes to tumor cell growth and progression.
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81
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Azzam EZ, Omar SS. Treatment of auricular keloids by triple combination therapy: Surgical excision, platelet-rich plasma, and cryosurgery. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 17:502-510. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Zaki Azzam
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive surgery; Faculty of Medicine; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
| | - Salma Samir Omar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Andrology; Faculty of Medicine; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
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Mendes BB, Gómez-Florit M, Babo PS, Domingues RM, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Blood derivatives awaken in regenerative medicine strategies to modulate wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:376-393. [PMID: 29288732 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Blood components play key roles in the modulation of the wound healing process and, together with the provisional fibrin matrix ability to selectively bind bioactive molecules and control its spatial-temporal presentation, define the complex microenvironment that characterize this biological process. As a biomimetic approach, the use of blood derivatives in regenerative strategies has awakened as a source of multiple therapeutic biomolecules. Nevertheless, and despite their clinical relevance, blood derivatives have been showing inconsistent therapeutic results due to several factors, including proper control over their delivery mechanisms. Herein, we highlight recent trends on the use biomaterials to protect, sequester and deliver these pools of biomolecules in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches. Particular emphasis is given to strategies that enable to control their spatiotemporal delivery and improve the selectivity of presentation profiles of the biomolecules derived from blood derivatives rich in platelets. Finally, we discussed possible directions for biomaterials design to potentiate the aimed regenerative effects of blood derivatives and achieve efficient therapies.
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Shyu KG, Velusamy M, Hsia CW, Yang CH, Hsia CH, Chou DS, Jayakumar T, Sheu JR, Li JY. Novel iridium (III)‑derived organometallic compound for the inhibition of human platelet activation. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2589-2600. [PMID: 29436605 PMCID: PMC5846649 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since cisplatin achieved clinical success, transition metal platinum (Pt) drugs have been effectively used for the treatment of cancer. Iridium (Ir) compounds are considered to be potential alternatives to Pt compounds, as they possess promising anticancer effects with minor side effects. Platelet activation is associated with the metastasis and progression of cancer, and also with arterial thrombosis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel, effective antithrombotic agents. An Ir (III)-derived complex, [Ir (Cp*) 1-(2-pyridyl)-3-(3-me-thoxyphenyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine Cl]BF4 (Ir-3), was developed as a novel antiplatelet drug. Ir-3 exerted more potent inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation stimulated by collagen compared with other agonists, including thrombin. In collagen-activated platelets, Ir-3 also inhibited adenosine trisphosphate release, intracellular Ca+2 mobilization and surface P-selectin expression, as well as the phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2), protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase B (Akt) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1, but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinases. Ir-3 did not markedly affect phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate-stimulated platelet aggregation. Neither the adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 nor the guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1, 2, 4] oxadiazolo [4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one significantly reversed the Ir-3-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation. Furthermore, Ir-3 had no considerable diminishing effects on OH radical signals in collagen-stimulated platelets or Fenton reaction solution. In conclusion, Ir-3 serves a novel function in the inhibition of platelet aggregation through inhibiting the PLCγ2-PKC cascade, and the subsequent suppression of Akt and JNK1 activation. Therefore, Ir-3 may be a potential novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of thromboembolic disorders, or the interplay between platelets and tumor cells which contributes to tumor cell proliferation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou-Gi Shyu
- Division of Cardiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho‑Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Marappan Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Chih-Wei Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Duen-Suey Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jiun-Yi Li
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Hsia CH, Lu WJ, Lin KH, Chou DS, Geraldine P, Jayakuma T, Chang NC, Sheu JR. Norcantharidin, a clinical used chemotherapeutic agent, acts as a powerful inhibitor by interfering with fibrinogen-integrin α IIb β 3 binding in human platelets. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2142-2152. [PMID: 29369482 PMCID: PMC5867116 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During platelet activation, fibrinogen binds to its specific platelet receptor, integrin αIIb β3 , thus completing the final common pathway for platelet aggregation. Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a promising anticancer agent in China from medicinal insect blister beetle. In this study, we provided the evidence to demonstrate NCTD (0.1-1.0 μM) possesses very powerful antiplatelet activity in human platelets; nevertheless, it had no effects on surface P-selectin expression and only slight inhibition on ATP-release reaction in activated platelets. Moreover, NCTD markedly hindered integrin αIIb β3 activation by interfering with the binding of FITC-labelled PAC-1. It also markedly reduced the number of adherent platelets and the single platelet spreading area on immobilized fibrinogen as well as clot retraction. Additionally, NCTD attenuated phosphorylation of proteins such as integrin β3 , Src and FAK in platelets spreading on immobilized fibrinogen. These results indicate that NCTD restricts integrin αIIb β3 -mediated outside-in signalling in human platelets. Besides, NCTD substantially prolonged the closure time in human whole blood and increased the occlusion time of thrombotic platelet plug formation and prolonged the bleeding time in mice. In conclusion, NCTD has dual activities, it can be a chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment, and the other side it possesses powerful antiplatelet activity for treating thromboembolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsuan Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jung Lu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Suey Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pitchairaj Geraldine
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakuma
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nen-Chung Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Johnson L, Tan S, Jenkins E, Wood B, Marks DC. Characterization of biologic response modifiers in the supernatant of conventional, refrigerated, and cryopreserved platelets. Transfusion 2018; 58:927-937. [PMID: 29330877 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternatives to room temperature storage of platelets (PLTs) are of interest to support blood banking logistics. The aim of this study was to compare the presence of biologic response modifiers (BRMs) in PLT concentrates stored under conventional room temperature conditions with refrigerated or cryopreserved PLTs. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A three-arm pool-and-split study was carried out using buffy coat-derived PLTs stored in 30% plasma/70% SSP+. The three matched treatment arms were as follows: room temperature (20-24°C), cold (2-6°C), and cryopreserved (-80°C with DMSO). Liquid-stored PLTs were tested over a 21-day period, while cryopreserved PLTs were tested immediately after thawing and reconstitution in 30% plasma/70% SSP+ and after storage at room temperature. RESULTS Coagulation factor activity was comparable between room temperature and cold PLTs, with the exception of protein S, while cryopreserved PLTs had reduced Factor (F)V and FVIII activity. Cold-stored PLTs retained α-granule proteins better than room temperature or cryopreserved PLTs. Cryopreservation resulted in 10-fold higher microparticle generation than cold-stored PLTs, but both groups contained significantly more microparticles than those stored at room temperature. The supernatant from both cold and cryopreserved PLTs initiated faster clot formation and thrombin generation than room temperature PLTs. CONCLUSION Cold storage and cryopreservation alter the composition of the soluble fraction of stored PLTs. These differences in coagulation proteins, cytokines, and microparticles likely influence both the hemostatic capacity of the components and the auxiliary functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey Johnson
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service
| | - Shereen Tan
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service
| | | | - Ben Wood
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service.,University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney
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Platelet-rich plasma-derived scaffolds increase the benefit of delayed mesenchymal stromal cell therapy after severe traumatic brain injury. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:314-321. [PMID: 29306567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell therapy using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) offers new perspectives in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of platelet-rich plasma scaffolds (PRPS) as support of MSCs in a delayed phase after severe TBI in rats. METHODS TBI was produced by weight-drop impact to the right cerebral hemisphere. Two months after TBI, four experimental groups were established; saline, PRPS, MSCs in saline, or MSCs in PRPS was transplanted into the area of brain lesion through a small hole. All groups were evaluated in the course of the following 12 months after therapy and the animals were then humanely killed. RESULTS Our results showed that a greater functional improvement was obtained after the administration of MSCs in PRPS compared with the other experimental groups. DISCUSSION PRPS enhanced the benefit of cell therapy with MSCs to treat chronic brain damage in rats that suffered a severe TBI. The present findings suggest that the use of intralesional MSCs supported in PRPS may be a strategy of tissue engineering for patients with established neurological severe dysfunction after a TBI.
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Solovieva A, Miroshnichenko S, Kovalskii A, Permyakova E, Popov Z, Dvořáková E, Kiryukhantsev-Korneev P, Obrosov A, Polčak J, Zajíčková L, Shtansky DV, Manakhov A. Immobilization of Platelet-Rich Plasma onto COOH Plasma-Coated PCL Nanofibers Boost Viability and Proliferation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E736. [PMID: 30966035 PMCID: PMC6418517 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaffolds made of polycaprolactone (PCL) are actively employed in different areas of biology and medicine, especially in tissue engineering. However, the usage of unmodified PCL is significantly restricted by the hydrophobicity of its surface, due to the fact that its inert surface hinders the adhesion of cells and the cell interactions on PCL surface. In this work, the surface of PCL nanofibers is modified by Ar/CO₂/C₂H₄ plasma depositing active COOH groups in the amount of 0.57 at % that were later used for the immobilization of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The modification of PCL nanofibers significantly enhances the viability and proliferation (by hundred times) of human mesenchymal stem cells, and decreases apoptotic cell death to a normal level. According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), after immobilization of PRP, up to 10.7 at % of nitrogen was incorporated into the nanofibers surface confirming the grafting of proteins. Active proliferation and sustaining the cell viability on nanofibers with immobilized PRP led to an average number of cells of 258 ± 12.9 and 364 ± 34.5 for nanofibers with ionic and covalent bonding of PRP, respectively. Hence, our new method for the modification of PCL nanofibers with PRP opens new possibilities for its application in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Solovieva
- Scientific Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology-Branch of the ICG SB RAS, 2 Timakova str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (S.M.)
- National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Leninsky pr. 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (Z.P.); (P.K.-K.), (D.V.S.)
| | - Svetlana Miroshnichenko
- Scientific Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology-Branch of the ICG SB RAS, 2 Timakova str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (S.M.)
- Research Institute of Biochemistry, 2 Timakova str., 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey Kovalskii
- National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Leninsky pr. 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (Z.P.); (P.K.-K.), (D.V.S.)
| | - Elizaveta Permyakova
- National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Leninsky pr. 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (Z.P.); (P.K.-K.), (D.V.S.)
| | - Zakhar Popov
- National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Leninsky pr. 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (Z.P.); (P.K.-K.), (D.V.S.)
| | - Eva Dvořáková
- RG Plasma Technologies, CEITEC–Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Philip Kiryukhantsev-Korneev
- National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Leninsky pr. 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (Z.P.); (P.K.-K.), (D.V.S.)
| | - Aleksei Obrosov
- Chair of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Technology, Brandenburg Technical University, 03046 Cottbus, Germany;
| | - Josef Polčak
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Zajíčková
- RG Plasma Technologies, CEITEC–Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Dmitry V. Shtansky
- National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Leninsky pr. 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (Z.P.); (P.K.-K.), (D.V.S.)
| | - Anton Manakhov
- National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Leninsky pr. 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (Z.P.); (P.K.-K.), (D.V.S.)
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Chisini LA, Conde MCM, Grazioli G, Martin ASS, Carvalho RVD, Nör JE, Demarco FF. Venous Blood Derivatives as FBS-Substitutes for Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Systematic Scoping Review. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:657-668. [PMID: 29211118 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are well-characterized in vitro, MSC clinical application is still far away to be achieved, mainly due to the need of xenogeneic substances for cell expansion, such as fetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS presents risks regarding pathogens transmissions and internalization of animal's proteins, which can unleash antigenic responses in patients after MSC implantation. A wide range of venous blood derivatives (VBD) has been reported as FBS substitutes showing promising results. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic scoping review to analyze whether VBD are effective FBS substitutes for MSC ex vivo expansion. The search was performed in SciVerse ScopusTM, PubMed, Web of ScienceTM, BIREME, Cochrane library up to January 2016. The keywords were selected using MeSH and entry terms. Two independent reviewers scrutinized the records obtained considering specific inclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated in accordance with a modified Arksey and O' Malley's framework. From 184 found studies, 90 were included. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) were presented in most of these studies. Overall, VBD allowed for either, maintenance of MCS's fibroblast-like morphology, high proliferation, high colony-formation ability and maintenance of multipotency. Besides. MSC expanded in VBD supplements presented higher mitogen activity than FBS. VBD seems to be excellent xeno-free serum for ex vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem cells. However, an accentuated heterogeneity was observed between the carried out protocols for VBD isolation did not allowing for direct comparisons between the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz A Chisini
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcus C M Conde
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNIVATES - Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Brazil
| | | | - Alissa S San Martin
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Flávio F Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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New Therapeutic Agent against Arterial Thrombosis: An Iridium(III)-Derived Organometallic Compound. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122616. [PMID: 29206177 PMCID: PMC5751219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation plays a major role in cardio and cerebrovascular diseases, and cancer progression. Disruption of platelet activation represents an attractive therapeutic target for reducing the bidirectional cross talk between platelets and tumor cells. Platinum (Pt) compounds have been used for treating cancer. Hence, replacing Pt with iridium (Ir) is considered a potential alternative. We recently developed an Ir(III)-derived complex, [Ir(Cp*)1-(2-pyridyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine Cl]BF4 (Ir-11), which exhibited strong antiplatelet activity; hence, we assessed the therapeutic potential of Ir-11 against arterial thrombosis. In collagen-activated platelets, Ir-11 inhibited platelet aggregation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, P-selectin expression, and OH· formation, as well as the phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2), protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and Akt. Neither the adenylate cyclase inhibitor nor the guanylate cyclase inhibitor reversed the Ir-11-mediated antiplatelet effects. In experimental mice, Ir-11 prolonged the bleeding time and reduced mortality associated with acute pulmonary thromboembolism. Ir-11 plays a crucial role by inhibiting platelet activation through the inhibition of the PLCγ2–PKC cascade, and the subsequent suppression of Akt and MAPK activation, ultimately inhibiting platelet aggregation. Therefore, Ir-11 can be considered a new therapeutic agent against either arterial thrombosis or the bidirectional cross talk between platelets and tumor cells.
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Tailor-made purified human platelet lysate concentrated in neurotrophins for treatment of Parkinson's disease. Biomaterials 2017; 142:77-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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A Prospective Study of the Association Between Clinically Significant Bleeding in PICU Patients and Thrombocytopenia or Prolonged Coagulation Times. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2017; 18:e455-e462. [PMID: 28737597 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000001281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are no proven methods to predict the risk of clinically significant bleeding in the PICU. A retrospective study identified platelet count as a risk marker for clinically significant bleeding. We conducted a study to examine any association of platelet count, international normalized ratio, and activated partial thromboplastin time with bleeding risk in PICU patients. DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING The PICU at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, a university-affiliated tertiary care pediatric center. PATIENTS Consecutive patients admitted to the PICU. Exclusion criteria were prior inclusion, admission with bleeding, inherited bleeding disorders, weight less than 3 kg, and age less than 60 days or 18 years or more. INTERVENTIONS There were no interventions in this observational study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patients were monitored in real time for clinically significant bleeding, using a broadly inclusive definition of clinically significant bleeding, for up to 72 hours after admission to the PICU, or until death or discharge. All measurements of platelet count, international normalized ratio, and activated partial thromboplastin time obtained during the study period were included as time-varying covariates in Cox proportional hazard models. Two hundred thirty-four patients were eligible, and 25 (11%) had one or more episodes of clinically significant bleeding. Platelet count was associated with increased hazard of clinically significant bleeding (hazard ratio, 0.96 per 10 × 10/L increase in platelet count; 95% CI (0.93-0.997; p = 0.03). Increasing hazard for clinically significant bleeding was seen with decreasing platelet count. Neither international normalized ratio nor activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly associated with clinically significant bleeding. CONCLUSIONS There is a statistically significant association in PICU patients between decrease in platelet count and clinically significant bleeding, and this association is stronger with lower platelet counts. Further study is required to determine whether platelet transfusion can reduce bleeding risk. International normalized ratio and activated partial thromboplastin time do not predict clinically significant bleeding, and these tests should not be used for this purpose in a general PICU patient population.
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93
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Thy1 (CD90) Expression Is Elevated in Radiation-Induced Periprosthetic Capsular Contracture: Implication for Novel Therapeutics. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 140:316-326. [PMID: 28746279 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000003542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsular contracture is a devastating complication of postmastectomy implant-based breast reconstruction. Unfortunately, capsular contracture rates are drastically increased by targeted radiotherapy, a standard postmastectomy treatment. Thy1 (also called CD90) is important in myofibroblast differentiation and scar tissue formation. However, the impact of radiotherapy on Thy1 expression and the role of Thy1 in capsular contracture are unknown. METHODS The authors analyzed Thy1 expression in primary human capsular tissue and primary fibroblast explants by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Thy1 was depleted using RNA interference to determine whether Thy1 expression was essential for the myofibroblast phenotype in capsular fibroblasts. Furthermore, human capsular fibroblasts were treated with a new antiscarring compound, salinomycin, to determine whether Thy1 expression and myofibroblast formation were blocked by salinomycin. RESULTS In this article, the authors show that radiation therapy significantly increased Thy1 mRNA and protein expression in periimplant scar tissue. Capsular fibroblasts explanted from scar tissue retained the ability to make the myofibroblast-produced scar-forming components collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin. Depletion of Thy1 decreased the fibrotic morphology of capsular fibroblasts and significantly decreased α-smooth muscle actin and collagen levels. Furthermore, the authors show for the first time that salinomycin decreased Thy1 expression and prevented myofibroblast formation in capsular fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that ionizing radiation-induced Thy1 overexpression may contribute to increased capsular contracture severity, and fibroblast scar production can be ameliorated through targeting Thy1 expression. Importantly, the authors' new results show promise for the antiscarring ability of salinomycin in radiation-induced capsular contracture. CLINCAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, V.
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Abstract
In a quest to provide best-quality treatment, results, and long-term prognosis, physicians must be well versed in emerging sciences and discoveries to more favorably provide suitable options to patients. Bioengineering and regeneration have rapidly developed, and with them, the options afforded to surgeons are ever-expanding. Grafting techniques can be modified according to evolving knowledge. The basic principles of bioengineering are discussed in this article to provide a solid foundation for favorable treatment and a comprehensive understanding of the reasons why each particular treatment available can be the most adequate for each particular case.
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A novel ruthenium (II)-derived organometallic compound, TQ-6, potently inhibits platelet aggregation: Ex vivo and in vivo studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9556. [PMID: 28842683 PMCID: PMC5573325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial thrombosis plays a key role in cardiovascular diseases. Hence, developing more effective antithrombotic agents is necessary. We designed a ruthenium (II)-derived complex, [Ru(η6-cymene)2-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-quinoline Cl]BF4 (TQ-6), as a new antiplatelet drug. TQ-6 (0.3 µM) exhibited extremely strong inhibitory activity against platelet aggregation, Src, and Syk phosphorylation stimulated by agonists in human platelets. In collagen-activated platelets, TQ-6 also inhibited ATP-release, [Ca+2]i, P-selectin expression, FITC-PAC-1 binding, and hydroxyl radical formation, as well as the phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ2, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and Akt. Neither FITC-JAQ1 nor FITC-triflavin binding or integrin β3 phosphorylation stimulated by immobilized fibrinogen were diminished by TQ-6. Furthermore, TQ-6 had no effects in cyclic nucleotide formation. Moreover, TQ-6 substantially prolonged the closure time in whole blood, increased the occlusion time of thrombotic platelet plug formation and bleeding time in mice. In conclusion, TQ-6 has a novel role in inhibiting platelet activation through the inhibition of the agonist receptors-mediated inside-out signaling such as Src-Syk-PLCγ2 cascade and subsequent suppression of granule secretion, leading to disturb integrin αIIbβ3-mediated outside-in signaling, and ultimately inhibiting platelet aggregation. Therefore, TQ-6 has potential to develop as a therapeutic agent for preventing or treating thromboembolic disorders.
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Park JW, Hwang SR, Yoon IS. Advanced Growth Factor Delivery Systems in Wound Management and Skin Regeneration. Molecules 2017; 22:E1259. [PMID: 28749427 PMCID: PMC6152378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factors are endogenous signaling molecules that regulate cellular responses required for wound healing processes such as migration, proliferation, and differentiation. However, exogenous application of growth factors has limited effectiveness in clinical settings due to their low in vivo stability, restricted absorption through skin around wound lesions, elimination by exudation prior to reaching the wound area, and other unwanted side effects. Sophisticated systems to control the spatio-temporal delivery of growth factors are required for the effective and safe use of growth factors as regenerative treatments in clinical practice, such as biomaterial-based drug delivery systems (DDSs). The current review describes the roles of growth factors in wound healing, their clinical applications for the treatment of chronic wounds, and advances in growth factor-loaded DDSs for enhanced wound healing, focusing on micro- and nano-particulate systems, scaffolds, hydrogels, and other miscellaneous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea.
| | - Seung Rim Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - In-Soo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea.
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Pochini ADC, Antonioli E, Bucci DZ, Sardinha LR, Andreoli CV, Ferretti M, Ejnisman B, Goldberg AC, Cohen M. Analysis of cytokine profile and growth factors in platelet-rich plasma obtained by open systems and commercial columns. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2017; 14:391-397. [PMID: 27759829 PMCID: PMC5234752 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082016ao3548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate growth factors and cytokines in samples of platelet-rich plasma obtained by three different centrifugation methods. Methods: Peripheral blood of six individuals with no hematological diseases, aged 18 to 68 years, was drawn to obtain platelet-rich plasma, using the open method and commercial columns by Medtronic and Biomet. The products obtained with the different types of centrifugation were submitted to laboratory analysis, including pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by flow cytometry assays, the concentration of fibroblast growth factors-2 (FGF-2) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1). Results: The diverse separation methods generated systematically different profiles regarding number of platelets and leukocytes. The Medtronic system yielded a product with the highest concentration of platelets, and the open method, with the lowest concentration of platelets. The results of cytokine analysis showed that the different types of centrifugation yielded products with high concentrations of interleukin 8, interleukin 1β. The open system resulted in a product with high levels of interleukin 6. Other cytokines and chemokines measured were similar between systems. The product obtained with the open method showed higher levels of TGF-β1 in relation to other systems and low FGF-2 levels. Conclusion: The formed elements, growth factors and cytokines in samples of platelet-rich plasma varied according to the centrifugation technique used. Objetivo: Avaliar fatores de crescimento e citocinas em amostras de plasma rico em plaquetas obtidas por três diferentes métodos de centrifugação. Métodos: Foi coletado sangue periférico de seis indivíduos, sem doença hematológica, com idades entre 18 e 68 anos, para obtenção de plasma rico em plaquetas, utilizando o método aberto e sistemas comerciais das empresas Medtronic e Biomet. Os produtos obtidos com os diferentes tipos de centrifugação foram submetidos às análises laboratoriais, incluindo citocinas próinflamatórias e quimiocinas, por meio de ensaios de citometria de fluxo, concentração do fator de crescimento fibroblástico-2 (FGF-2) e fator de crescimento transformador-beta1 (TGF-β1). Resultados: As diferentes centrifugações geraram perfis sistematicamente diferentes referentes ao número de plaquetas e de leucócitos. O sistema da Medtronic originou produto com a maior concentração de plaquetas, e o método aberto com a menor concentração de plaquetas. Os resultados da análise de citocinas demonstraram que os diferentes tipos de centrifugação originaram produtos com elevadas concentrações de interleucina 8 e interleucina 1β. O sistema aberto resultou em produto com elevados níveis de interleucina 6. As demais citocinas e quimiocinas mensuradas foram similares entre os sistemas. O produto obtido com o método aberto apresentou níveis superiores de TGF-β1 em relação aos demais sistemas e reduzidos níveis de FGF-2. Conclusão: Os elementos figurados, fatores de crescimento e citocinas, em amostras de plasma rico em plaquetas, variaram conforme a técnica de centrifugação utilizada.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mario Ferretti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Benno Ejnisman
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Moisés Cohen
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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99
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Kanikarla-Marie P, Lam M, Menter DG, Kopetz S. Platelets, circulating tumor cells, and the circulome. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 36:235-248. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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100
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Tallheden T, van der Lee J, Brantsing C, Månsson JE, Sjögren-Jansson E, Lindahl A. Human Serum for Culture of Articular Chondrocytes. Cell Transplant 2017; 14:469-79. [PMID: 16285255 DOI: 10.3727/000000005783982909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of cell and tissue engineering, culture expansion of human cells in monolayer plays an important part. Traditionally, cell cultures have been supplemented with serum to support attachment and proliferation, but serum is a potential source of foreign protein contamination and viral protein transmission. In this study, we evaluated the use of human serum for experimental human articular chondrocyte expansion and to develop a method for preparation of large volumes of high-quality human serum from healthy blood donors. Human autologous serum contained high levels of epidermal-derived growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor-AB and supported proliferation up to 7 times higher than FCS in primary chondrocyte cultures. By letting the coagulation take place in a commercially available transfusion bag overnight, up to 250 ml of growth factor-rich human serum could be obtained from one donor. The allogenic human serum supported high proliferation rate without loosing expression of cartilage-specific genes. The expanded chondrocytes were able to redifferentiate and form cartilage matrix in comparable amounts to autologous serums. In conclusion, the transfusion bags allow preparation of large volumes of growth factor-rich human serum with the capacity to support in vitro cell expansion. The data further indicate that by controlling the coagulation process there are possibilities of optimizing the release of growth factors for other emerging cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Tallheden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Sweden.
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