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Qin Z, Han X, Ran J, Guo S, Lv L. Exercise-Mediated Alteration of miR-192-5p Is Associated with Cognitive Improvement in Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroimmunomodulation 2022; 29:36-43. [PMID: 34256371 DOI: 10.1159/000516928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical exercise is an important component of managing Alzheimer's disease (AD). miRNAs can be modulated by exercise intervention. OBJECTIVE The study explored the involvement and potential mechanism of miR-192-5p in the protective effect of physical exercise on AD. METHODS Ninety AD patients were enrolled, in which 45 cases accepted cycling training for continuous 3 months. The expression changes of miR-192-5p before and after exercise were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. 8-month-old APP/PS1 double Tg mice were used as the AD animal model. Mice in the voluntary exercise (VE) group received VE for 4 weeks. Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to evaluate the learning and memory function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to calculate the level of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. RESULTS AD patients showed elevated MMSE scores, decreased ADAS-cog and NPI-Q scores after 3 months of exercise. miR-192-5p was downregulated in the serum of AD patients and correlated with the levels of MMSE score, ADAS-cog, and NPI-Q score. A positive association was detected between serum miR-192-5p with TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels. MiR-192-5p is downregulated in the hippocampus tissues of mice after VE. Overexpression of miR-192-5p reversed the neuroprotective effect of exercise on AD in mice and promoted the inflammatory response of AD mice. CONCLUSION MiR-192-5p can be modulated by the exercise intervention and involved in the protective effect of exercise on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomei Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xingjun Han
- Department of Preventive Treatment Disease Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Ran
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Hortobágyi T, Sipos D, Borbély G, Áfra G, Reichardt-Varga E, Sántha G, Nieboer W, Tamási K, Tollár J. Detraining Slows and Maintenance Training Over 6 Years Halts Parkinsonian Symptoms-Progression. Front Neurol 2021; 12:737726. [PMID: 34867721 PMCID: PMC8641297 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.737726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There are scant data to demonstrate that the long-term non-pharmaceutical interventions can slow the progression of motor and non-motor symptoms and lower drug dose in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: After randomization, the Exercise-only (E, n = 19) group completed an initial 3-week-long, 15-session supervised, high-intensity sensorimotor agility exercise program designed to improve the postural stability. The Exercise + Maintenance (E + M, n = 22) group completed the 3-week program and continued the same program three times per week for 6 years. The no exercise and no maintenance control (C, n = 26) group continued habitual living. In each patient, 11 outcomes were measured before and after the 3-week initial exercise program and then, at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 months. Results: The longitudinal linear mixed effects modeling of each variable was fitted with maximum likelihood estimation and adjusted for baseline and covariates. The exercise program strongly improved the primary outcome, Motor Experiences of Daily Living, by ~7 points and all secondary outcomes [body mass index (BMI), disease and no disease-specific quality of life, depression, mobility, and standing balance]. In E group, the detraining effects lasted up to 12 months. E+M group further improved the initial exercise-induced gains up to 3 months and the gains were sustained until year 6. In C group, the symptoms worsened steadily. By year 6, levodopa (L-dopa) equivalents increased in all the groups but least in E + M group. Conclusion: A short-term, high-intensity sensorimotor agility exercise program improved the PD symptoms up to a year during detraining but the subsequent 6-year maintenance program was needed to further increase or sustain the initial improvements in the symptoms, quality of life, and drug dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Hortobágyi
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary.,Department of Sport Biology, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dávid Sipos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Borbély
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - György Áfra
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Reichardt-Varga
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Sántha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ward Nieboer
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Katalin Tamási
- Departments of Epidemiology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - József Tollár
- Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Digital Development Center, Széchényi István University, Györ, Hungary
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Leal-Nascimento AH, da Silva ES, Zanardi APJ, Ivaniski-Mello A, Passos-Monteiro E, Martinez FG, Rodrigo de Carvalho A, Baptista RR, Peyré-Tartaruga LA. Biomechanical responses of Nordic walking in people with Parkinson's disease. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32:290-297. [PMID: 34780079 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In healthy adults, Nordic walking (NW) is known to increase the external mechanical energy fluctuations, though the external work is unaltered due to an improved pendulum-like recovery in comparison with free walking (FW). We aimed to compare mechanical, pendulum-like, and spatiotemporal parameters of gait at different speeds with and without NW poles in people with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls. The study included 11 people (aged 65.6 ± 7.0 years) with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, scoring between 1 and 1.5 on the Hoehn and Yahr scale (H&Y), and nine healthy controls (aged 70.0 ± 5.6 years). All the people were experienced Nordic walkers. Walking tests were performed at 1.8 km h-1 and 4.7 km h-1 , on eight 3D force platforms on a walkway. We found greater pendulum-like energy recovery (p < 0.05) in the Parkinson group during NW than in FW, while external mechanical work remained similar (p > 0.05). People with Parkinson's disease showed a major increase in vertical and forward energy fluctuations using poles than in healthy controls. In addition, the Parkinson group showed increased stride frequency and reduced stride length compared to controls in the NW and FW conditions. Our findings partly justify the lower walking economy in Parkinson's disease due to reduced pendulum-like mechanism at commonly used speeds. NW alters gait mechanics similarly in Parkinson group and healthy control, increasing the total mechanical work. Therefore, NW can be a compelling strategy for rehabilitation because of its potential for improving functional mobility, increasing pendulum-like mechanism in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Henrique Leal-Nascimento
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará, Abaetetuba, Brazil
| | - Edson Soares da Silva
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - André Ivaniski-Mello
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elren Passos-Monteiro
- Postgraduate in Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
| | - Flávia Gomes Martinez
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Reimann Baptista
- Physical Activity Research Laboratory, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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García-López H, Obrero-Gaitán E, Castro-Sánchez AM, Lara-Palomo IC, Nieto-Escamez FA, Cortés-Pérez I. Non-Immersive Virtual Reality to Improve Balance and Reduce Risk of Falls in People Diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111435. [PMID: 34827433 PMCID: PMC8615507 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of non-immersive virtual reality in reducing falls and improving balance in patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. (2) Methods: The following databases were searched: PUBMED, PEDro, Scielo, CINAHL, Web of Science, Dialnet, Scopus and MEDLINE. These databases were searched for randomized controlled trials published using relevant keywords in various combinations. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated using the PEDro scale. (3) Results: A total of 10 studies with a total of 537 subjects, 58.7% of which (n = 315) were men, have been included in the review. The age of the participants in these studies ranged between 55 and 80 years. Each session lasted between 30 and 75 min, and the interventions lasted between 5 and 12 weeks. These studies showed that non-immersive virtual reality is effective in reducing the number of falls and improving both static and dynamic balance in patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. Results after non-immersive virtual reality intervention showed an improvement in balance and a decrease in the number and the risk of falls. However, no significant differences were found between the intervention groups and the control groups for all the included studies regarding balance. (4) Conclusions: There is evidence that non-immersive virtual reality can improve balance and reduce the risk and number of falls, being therefore beneficial for people diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor García-López
- Department of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Road Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (H.G.-L.); (A.M.C.-S.); (I.C.L.-P.)
| | - Esteban Obrero-Gaitán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.O.-G.); (I.C.-P.)
| | - Adelaida María Castro-Sánchez
- Department of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Road Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (H.G.-L.); (A.M.C.-S.); (I.C.L.-P.)
| | - Inmaculada Carmen Lara-Palomo
- Department of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Road Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (H.G.-L.); (A.M.C.-S.); (I.C.L.-P.)
| | - Francisco Antonio Nieto-Escamez
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Center for Neuropsychological Assessment and Rehabilitation (CERNEP), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-950-214-628
| | - Irene Cortés-Pérez
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.O.-G.); (I.C.-P.)
- Granada Northeast Health District, Andalusian Health Service, Street San Miguel 2, 18500 Guadix, Spain
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The Effect of Physical Exercise on Cognitive Impairment in Neurodegenerative Disease: From Pathophysiology to Clinical and Rehabilitative Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111632. [PMID: 34769062 PMCID: PMC8583932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of pathologies that cause severe disability due to motor and cognitive limitations. In particular, cognitive impairment is a growing health and socioeconomic problem which is still difficult to deal with today. As there are no pharmacologically effective treatments for cognitive deficits, scientific interest is growing regarding the possible impacts of healthy lifestyles on them. In this context, physical activity is gaining more and more evidence as a primary prevention intervention, a nonpharmacological therapy and a rehabilitation tool for improving cognitive functions in neurodegenerative diseases. In this descriptive overview we highlight the neurobiological effects of physical exercise, which is able to promote neuroplasticity and neuroprotection by acting at the cytokine and hormonal level, and the consequent positive clinical effects on patients suffering from cognitive impairment.
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Chromiec PA, Urbaś ZK, Jacko M, Kaczor JJ. The Proper Diet and Regular Physical Activity Slow Down the Development of Parkinson Disease. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1605-1623. [PMID: 34631210 PMCID: PMC8460298 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
From year to year, we know more about neurodegeneration and Parkinson’s disease (PD). A positive influence of various types of physical activity is more often described in the context of neuroprotection and prevention as well as the form of rehabilitation in Parkinson’s patients. Moreover, when we look at supplementation, clinical nutrition and dietetics, we will see that balancing consumed products and supplementing the vitamins or minerals is necessary. Considering the biochemical pathways in skeletal muscle, we may see that many researchers desire to identify molecular mediators that have an impact through exercise and balanced diet on human health or development of the neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, it is mandatory to study the potential mechanism(s) related to diet and factors resulted from physical activity as molecular mediators, which play a therapeutic role in PD. This review summarizes the available literature on mechanisms and specific pathways involved in diet-exercise relationship and discusses how therapy, including appropriate exercises and diet that influence molecular mediators, may significantly slow down the progress of neurodegenerative processes. We suggest that a proper diet combined with physical activity will be a good solution for psycho-muscle BALANCE not only in PD but also in other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zofia Kinga Urbaś
- 2Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Martyna Jacko
- 2Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- 2Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
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Major ZZ, Vaida C, Major KA, Tucan P, Brusturean E, Gherman B, Birlescu I, Craciunaș R, Ulinici I, Simori G, Banica A, Pop N, Burz A, Carbone G, Pisla D. Comparative Assessment of Robotic versus Classical Physical Therapy Using Muscle Strength and Ranges of Motion Testing in Neurological Diseases. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11100953. [PMID: 34683094 PMCID: PMC8541455 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of robotic systems in physical rehabilitation protocols has become increasingly attractive and has been given more focus in the last decade as a result of the high prevalence of motor deficits in the population, which is linked to an overburdened healthcare system. In accordance with current trends, three robotic devices have been designed, called ParReEx Elbow, ParReEx Wrist, and ASPIRE, which were designed to improve upper-limb medical recovery (shoulder, elbow, forearm, and wrist). The three automated systems were tested in a hospital setting with 23 patients (12 men and 11 women) suffering from motor deficits caused by various neurological diseases such as stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The patients were divided into three groups based on their pathology (vascular, extrapyramidal, and neuromuscular). Objective clinical measures, such as the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, goniometry, and dynamometry, were used to compare pre- and post-rehabilitation assessments for both robotic-aided and manual physical rehabilitation therapy. The results of these tests showed that, with the exception of a few minor differences in muscular strength recovery, the robotic-assisted rehabilitation methods performed equally as well as the manual techniques, though only minor improvements were validated during short-term rehabilitation. The greatest achievements were obtained in the goniometric analysis where some rehabilitation amplitudes increased by over 40% in the vascular group, but the same analysis returned regressions in the neuromuscular group. The MRC scale analysis returned no significant differences, with most regressions occurring in the neuromuscular group. The dynamometric analysis mostly returned improvements, but the highest value evolution was 19.07%, which also in the vascular group. While the results were encouraging, more research is needed with a larger sample size and a longer study period in order to provide more information regarding the efficacy of both rehabilitation methods in neurological illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Zsigmond Major
- Neurophysiology Department, National Center for Spinal Disorders, Királyhágó u. 1, 1126 Budapest, Hungary;
- Neurology Department, Municipal Clinical Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.B.); (R.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Calin Vaida
- Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (B.G.); (I.B.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (D.P.)
| | - Kinga Andrea Major
- Second ICU, Neurosurgery Department, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Strada Clinicilor 3-5, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Paul Tucan
- Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (B.G.); (I.B.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Emanuela Brusturean
- Neurology Department, Municipal Clinical Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.B.); (R.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Bogdan Gherman
- Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (B.G.); (I.B.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Iosif Birlescu
- Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (B.G.); (I.B.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Raul Craciunaș
- Neurology Department, Municipal Clinical Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.B.); (R.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Ionut Ulinici
- Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (B.G.); (I.B.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Gábor Simori
- Neurology Department, Municipal Clinical Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.B.); (R.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Alexandru Banica
- Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (B.G.); (I.B.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Nicoleta Pop
- Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (B.G.); (I.B.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Alin Burz
- Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (B.G.); (I.B.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Carbone
- DIMEG, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Doina Pisla
- Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (B.G.); (I.B.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (D.P.)
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Barzroodi Pour M, Bayat M, Navazesh A, Soleimani M, Karimzadeh F. Exercise Improved the Anti-Epileptic Effect of Carbamazepine through GABA Enhancement in Epileptic Rats. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2112-2130. [PMID: 34008120 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anticonvulsant drug that usually is used for the treatment of seizures. The anti-epileptic and the anti-epileptogenic effect of exercise has been reported, as well. This study was aimed to evaluate the synergic effect of combined therapy of exercise and CBZ in epileptic rats, as well as the alternation of the GABA pathway as a possible involved mechanism. The seizure was induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) injection. Animals were divided into sham, seizure, exercise (EX), CBZ (25, 50 and 75), EX + CBZ (25, 50 and 75). Treadmill forced running for 30 min has been considered as the exercise 5 days per week for four weeks. CBZ was injected in doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg, half an hour before seizure induction and 5 h after doing exercise in the animals forced to exercise. Seizure severity reduced and latency increased in the EX + CBZ (25) and EX + CBZ (50) groups compared to the seizure group. The distribution of GAD65 in both hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas increased in the EX + CBZ (75) group. GABAA receptor α1 was up-regulated in the CA3 area of the EX + CBZ (75) group. The distribution of GAD65 in the cortical area increased in EX, EX + CBZ (50), CBZ (75) and EX + CBZ (75) groups. GABAA receptor α1 was up-regulated in the neocortex of EX + CBZ (50), CBZ (75) and EX + CBZ (75) groups. Our findings suggested that exercise has improved the efficacy of CBZ and reduced the anti-epileptic dose. The enhancement of GABA signaling might be involved in the synergistic effect of exercise and CBZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Barzroodi Pour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Bayat
- Department of Anatomy, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Azam Navazesh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Karimzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Al-Jarrah MD, Erekat NS. Endurance exercise training suppresses Parkinson disease-induced overexpression of apoptotic mediators in the heart. NeuroRehabilitation 2021; 48:315-320. [PMID: 33814475 DOI: 10.3233/nre-201650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDWe have shown elevated levels of p53 and active caspase-3 in the heart with Parkinson disease (PD). The main aim of this study is to examine the effect of treadmill training on the cardiac expression of p53 and active caspase-3 in the mouse with induced Parkinsonism. METHODS Thirty randomly selected normal albino mice were equally divided into the following 3 groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary Parkinson diseased (SPD), and exercised Parkinson diseased (EPD). 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and probenecid (MPTP/p) were used to induce chronic Parkinson disease in the SPD and EPD animals. The expression of p53 and active caspase-3 was investigated, using immunohistochemistry, in the heart in each animal group. RESULTS Both p53 and active caspase-3 expression was significantly (p value < 0.05) reduced in the PD heart following endurance exercise training. CONCLUSION Our present data suggest that chronic exercise training reduced PD-induced upregulation of p53 and active caspase-3 in the heart. Thus, our study suggests that inhibiting p53 and/or active caspase-3 may be considered as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate PD cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed D Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nour S Erekat
- Department of Anatomy. Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Senior Fitness Test in the assessment of the physical fitness of people with Parkinson's disease. Exp Gerontol 2021; 151:111421. [PMID: 34051286 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is worth special attention among all the diseases and disorders of the nervous system, since its effects impact the capability of undertaking physical activity. The aim of the study was to analyze the use of the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) in determining the influence of physical rehabilitation on the level of physical fitness, and to assess the correlation between SFT and the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) in patients with PD both participating and not participating in physical rehabilitation. The study was conducted in a group of 69 people (age 63.86 ± 5.43 y), with diagnosed idiopathic PD in 2nd stage in the Hoehn and Yahr scale (duration 6.52 ± 5.72 y). To determine the level of mobility of the subjects, the SFT and parts II, III, and IV of the MDS-UPDRS were used. Subjects were divided into participants (A) and non-participants (B) in physical rehabilitation. Correlation coefficients between the MDS-UPDRS and SFT were calculated after the 6-month study period. Participation in the process of physical rehabilitation significantly improved the physical fitness of the exercisers. A strong correlation was observed between the results obtained in the SFT and the assessment obtained on the basis of the MDS-UPDRS scale. It has been found that the SFT is a sensitive diagnostic tool in assessing the physical fitness of people with PD.
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Morley D, Dummett S, Kelly L, Jenkinson C. Development of an Exercise-Specific Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire: The PDQ-Exercise. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2156-2161. [PMID: 33991139 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is now a significant and key component in the management of Parkinson's disease. However, no self-report, Parkinson's-specific measure of exercise currently exists. OBJECTIVE To develop a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for use in studies and clinical trials that aim to assess the efficacy of exercise therapy for people with Parkinson's (PwP). METHODS Participants were recruited via Parkinson's UK. To generate meaningful items, PwP participated in exploratory cognitive interviews. To pretest the items generated, PwP took part in two rounds of cognitive debrief interviews. Items were subsequently tested through an online survey that also included the eight-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8) and Oxford Participation and Activities Questionnaire (Ox-PAQ). RESULTS Twenty PwP were interviewed for item generation. Analyses identified issues related to adopting and maintaining exercise, resulting in the generation of 10 items. Fourteen PwP took part in subsequent cognitive debrief interviews. Following the first 10 interviews, one item was removed, and minor adjustments were made to the wording of two items. Four final interviews verified that no further adjustments were required. Consequently, nine items were included in the validation survey, which was fully completed by 398 PwP. Inspection of floor and ceiling effects resulted in the removal of two further items. A principal component analysis identified a single seven-item factor explaining 61.6% of variance. Further analyses indicated that the measure demonstrates sound reliability and validity. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that the PDQ-Exercise is an acceptable, reliable, and valid PROM. Further assessment of its psychometric properties is in progress. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Morley
- Health Services Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Dummett
- Health Services Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Kelly
- Health Services Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Crispin Jenkinson
- Health Services Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Anxiety, depression, and worries in advanced Parkinson disease during COVID-19 pandemic. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:341-348. [PMID: 33948763 PMCID: PMC8096160 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown on frail populations with advanced Parkinson disease (APD) and their caregivers may present with peculiar features and require specific interventions. Methods We enrolled here 100 APD patients and 60 caregivers. Seventy-four patients were treated with device-aided therapies (DAT) and 26 with standard medical treatment (SMT). Through a telephonic interview, subjects underwent the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A; HADS-D), and an ad hoc questionnaire to explore thoughts and emotions related to the pandemic. Results Depression was observed in 35% of APD patients and anxiety in 39%, with a significant reduction of the latter after the lockdown (p= 0.023). We found a significant correlation between the type of therapy and the HADS-A score (p= 0.004). Patients’ main worries were as follows: a possible higher risk of COVID-19 infection (25%), interruption of non-pharmacological treatments (35%), interruption of outpatient clinics (38%), PD complications related to COVID-19 (47%). Patients treated with DAT manifested worries about device-related issues and risk for caregivers’ infection. The 40% of caregivers showed anxiety, while the 21.7% of them showed depression. Conclusion Our study reveals a higher prevalence of anxiety and the presence of peculiar worries and needs in APD patients during the pandemic alongside psychological sequelae of their caregivers. These findings are important for neurologists and healthcare services to foster strategies for the management of psychological distress in both patients and caregivers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10072-021-05286-z.
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Picelli A, Capecci M, Filippetti M, Varalta V, Fonte C, DI Censo R, Zadra A, Chignola I, Scarpa S, Amico AP, Antenucci R, Baricich A, Benanti P, Bissolotti L, Boldrini P, Bonaiuti D, Castelli E, Cavalli L, DI Stefano G, Draicchio F, Falabella V, Galeri S, Gimigliano F, Grigioni M, Jonsdodttir J, Lentino C, Massai P, Mazzoleni S, Mazzon S, Molteni F, Morelli S, Morone G, Panzeri D, Petrarca M, Posteraro F, Senatore M, Taglione E, Turchetti G, Bowman T, Nardone A. Effects of robot-assisted gait training on postural instability in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2021; 57:472-477. [PMID: 33826278 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.21.06939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postural instability is a cardinal feature of Parkinson's disease, together with rest tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. It is a highly disabling symptom that becomes increasingly common with disease progression and represents a major source of reduced quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. Rehabilitation aims to enable patients with Parkinson's disease to maintain their maximum level of mobility, activity and independence. To date, a wide range of rehabilitation approaches has been employed to treat postural instability in Parkinson's disease, including robotic training. Our main aim was to conduct a systematic review of current literature about the effects of robot-assisted gait training on postural instability in patients with Parkinson's disease. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic search using the following MeSH terms "Parkinson disease," "postural balance," "robotics," "rehabilitation" AND string "robotics [mh]" OR "robot-assisted" OR "electromechanical" AND "rehabilitation [mh]" OR "training" AND "postural balance [mh]" was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Library and Pedro electronic databases. Full text articles in English published up to December 2020 were included. Data about patient characteristics, robotic devices, treatment procedures and outcome measures were considered. Every included article got checked for quality. Level of evidence was defined for all studies. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Three authors independently extracted and verified data. In total, 18 articles (2 systematic reviews, 9 randomized controlled trials, 4 uncontrolled studies and 3 case series/case reports) were included. Both end-effector and exoskeleton devices were investigated as to robot-assisted gait training modalities. No clear relationship between treatment parameters and clinical conditions was observed. We found a high level of evidence about the effects of robot-assisted gait training on balance and freezing of gait in patients with Parkinson's disease. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review provides to the reader a complete overview of current literature and levels of evidence about the effects of robot-assisted gait training on postural instability issues (static and dynamic balance, freezing of gait, falls, confidence in activities of daily living and gait parameters related to balance skills) in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Picelli
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University Hospital of Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy -
| | | | - Mirko Filippetti
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University Hospital of Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Varalta
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University Hospital of Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Fonte
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University Hospital of Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rita DI Censo
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University Hospital of Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zadra
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University Hospital of Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Irene Chignola
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University Hospital of Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Scarpa
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University Hospital of Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paolo Boldrini
- Italian Society of Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Perla Massai
- Tuscany Rehabilitation Clinic, Montevarchi, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Stefano Mazzoleni
- Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Franco Molteni
- Valduce Villa Beretta Hospital, Costa Masnaga, Lecco, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michele Senatore
- Italian Association of Occupational Therapists (AITO), Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Thomas Bowman
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy.,The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Nardone
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,ICS Maugeri SPA SB (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy
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Latella D, Maggio MG, Maresca G, Andaloro A, Anchesi S, Pajno V, De Luca R, Di Lorenzo G, Manuli A, Calabrò RS. Effects of domotics on cognitive, social and personal functioning in patients with Parkinson's disease: A pilot study. Assist Technol 2021; 34:423-428. [PMID: 33337294 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2020.1846095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Home automation (HA) is either a "smart" house or a supportive environment, which enables the patients to regain an active role in daily life. HA could allow people affected by Parkinson Disease (PD) to better manage their daily lives. This study aims to evaluate the effects of domotics on quality of life, and personal/social autonomy in PD patients. We enrolled 40 with PD undergoing neurorehabilitation, who were randomized into either the control (CG) or the experimental group (EG). Two different rehabilitative approaches were used: the CG was submitted to a traditional training, whilst the EG underwent HA training, in which the activities were carried out through the use of assistive technologies. In both the training, the exercises were performed in small samples of 3-5 patients. Results showed that both CG and EG had a significant improvement in global cognitive functioning, executive functions, and instrumental autonomy. However, only in the EG, we observed a significant increase in social adaptation, activities of daily living and quality of life. This pilot study suggests that HA training could be a useful tool for the rehabilitation of patients with PD, improving social and cognitive functioning, personal autonomy and quality of life.
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Tucan P, Vaida C, Ulinici I, Banica A, Burz A, Pop N, Birlescu I, Gherman B, Plitea N, Antal T, Carbone G, Pisla D. Optimization of the ASPIRE Spherical Parallel Rehabilitation Robot Based on Its Clinical Evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3281. [PMID: 33810042 PMCID: PMC8004699 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the design optimization of the ASPIRE spherical parallel robot for shoulder rehabilitation following clinical evaluation and clinicians' feedback. After the development of the robotic structure and the implementation of the control system, ASPIRE was prepared for clinical evaluation. A set of clinical trials was performed on 24 patients with different neurological disorders to obtain the patient and clinician acceptance of the rehabilitation system. During the clinical trials, the behavior of the robotic system was closely monitored and analyzed in order to improve its reliability and overall efficiency. Along with its reliability and efficiency, special attention was given to the safety characteristics during the rehabilitation task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Tucan
- CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (I.B.); (B.G.); (N.P.); (T.A.)
| | - Calin Vaida
- CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (I.B.); (B.G.); (N.P.); (T.A.)
| | - Ionut Ulinici
- CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (I.B.); (B.G.); (N.P.); (T.A.)
| | - Alexandru Banica
- CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (I.B.); (B.G.); (N.P.); (T.A.)
| | - Alin Burz
- CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (I.B.); (B.G.); (N.P.); (T.A.)
| | - Nicoleta Pop
- CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (I.B.); (B.G.); (N.P.); (T.A.)
| | - Iosif Birlescu
- CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (I.B.); (B.G.); (N.P.); (T.A.)
| | - Bogdan Gherman
- CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (I.B.); (B.G.); (N.P.); (T.A.)
| | - Nicolae Plitea
- CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (I.B.); (B.G.); (N.P.); (T.A.)
| | - Tiberiu Antal
- CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (I.B.); (B.G.); (N.P.); (T.A.)
| | | | - Doina Pisla
- CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.T.); (I.U.); (A.B.); (A.B.); (N.P.); (I.B.); (B.G.); (N.P.); (T.A.)
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Maas RPPWM, Schutter DJLG, van de Warrenburg BPC. Discordance Between Patient-Reported Outcomes and Physician-Rated Motor Symptom Severity in Early-to-Middle-Stage Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 20:887-895. [PMID: 33694049 PMCID: PMC8674164 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) could provide valuable insights into self-perceived health status. Although they are considered additional endpoints in future clinical trials, determinants and interactions of different PROMs in early disease stages remain largely unknown. The aims of the present study were to evaluate health-related quality of life, depressive symptoms, fatigue, and physical activity in mildly to moderately affected SCA3 patients and to examine interrelations between these PROMs and objective disease severity indices. Twenty SCA3 patients and twenty healthy controls of comparable age and sex completed the EQ-5D-5L, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Profile of Mood States, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Disease severity was quantified by the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and Inventory of Non-Ataxia Signs (INAS). Mildly to moderately affected SCA3 patients reported lower quality of life (p = 0.049), more depressive symptoms (p = 0.028), and higher levels of fatigue (p = 0.001) than healthy controls. The amount of physical activity did not differ between both groups. Linear regression analyses revealed that quality of life was primarily determined by fatigue and not by ataxia severity, while physical activity was independently associated with SARA score and INAS count but not fatigue. Depressive symptoms were related to disease duration and fatigue but not to markers of motor disease progression. Taken together, decreased quality of life, increased levels of fatigue, and a higher number of depressive symptoms do not merely reflect motor impairment in early-to-middle-stage SCA3 patients. The observed discordance between patient-reported and clinician-based outcomes indicates that these measures genuinely evaluate distinct aspects of disease and emphasizes their complementariness in therapeutic trials. By contrast, the volume of self-reported physical activity is not associated with fatigue, reflects both ataxia severity and extracerebellar involvement, and could therefore represent a useful marker of motor impairment in a home setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick P P W M Maas
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Dennis J L G Schutter
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart P C van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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67
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Liang J, Wang H, Zeng Y, Qu Y, Liu Q, Zhao F, Duan J, Jiang Y, Li S, Ying J, Li J, Mu D. Physical exercise promotes brain remodeling by regulating epigenetics, neuroplasticity and neurotrophins. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:615-629. [PMID: 33583156 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has been shown to have beneficial effects on brain functions in humans and animals. Exercise can improve memory and learning in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In animal models, physical exercise regulates epigenetics, promotes synaptic plasticity and hippocampal neurogenesis, regulates the expression levels of neurotrophic factors, and improves cognitive function. Therefore, exercise is very important for brain rehabilitation and remodeling. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanisms by which exercise exerts positive effects on brain function. This knowledge implies that physical exercise can be used as a non-drug therapy for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Fengyan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Jianan Duan
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Yin Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Shiping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
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68
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Pignataro P, Dicarlo M, Zerlotin R, Zecca C, Dell’Abate MT, Buccoliero C, Logroscino G, Colucci S, Grano M. FNDC5/Irisin System in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Update and Novel Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041605. [PMID: 33562601 PMCID: PMC7915567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin, the circulating peptide originating from fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), is mainly expressed by muscle fibers under peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) control during exercise. In addition to several beneficial effects on health, physical activity positively affects nervous system functioning, particularly the hippocampus, resulting in amelioration of cognition impairments. Recently, FNDC5/irisin detection in hippocampal neurons and the presence of irisin in the cerebrospinal fluid opened a new intriguing chapter in irisin history. Interestingly, in the hippocampus of mice, exercise increases FNDC5 levels and upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. BDNF, displaying neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects, is mainly produced by microglia and astrocytes. In this review, we discuss how these glial cells can morphologically and functionally switch during neuroinflammation by modulating the expression of a plethora of neuroprotective or neurotoxic factors. We also focus on studies investigating the irisin role in neurodegenerative diseases (ND). The emerging involvement of irisin as a mediator of the multiple positive effects of exercise on the brain needs further studies to better deepen this issue and the potential use in therapeutic approaches for neuroinflammation and ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Pignataro
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.P.); (M.D.); (G.L.); (S.C.)
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Manuela Dicarlo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.P.); (M.D.); (G.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Roberta Zerlotin
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Chiara Zecca
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari, “Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico” Hospital Tricase, 73039 Lecce, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.T.D.)
| | - Maria Teresa Dell’Abate
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari, “Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico” Hospital Tricase, 73039 Lecce, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.T.D.)
| | - Cinzia Buccoliero
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.P.); (M.D.); (G.L.); (S.C.)
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari, “Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico” Hospital Tricase, 73039 Lecce, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.T.D.)
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.P.); (M.D.); (G.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.Z.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-5478-361
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Gao S, Kaudimba KK, Cai J, Tong Y, Tian Q, Liu P, Liu T, Chen P, Wang R. A Mobile Phone App-Based Tai Chi Training in Parkinson's Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Study. Front Neurol 2021; 11:615861. [PMID: 33519695 PMCID: PMC7838616 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.615861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: With an increasing number of China's aging population, Parkinson's disease (PD) increases year by year. Persons with PD exhibit abnormal balance functions, leading to motor skills difficulties, such as unstable walking or even falling. Therefore, activities of daily living and quality of life are affected. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of Tai Chi training based on the mobile phone app in improving the balance ability of persons with PD. Methods and Analysis: A randomized, single-blind, parallel controlled trial will be conducted in this study. One hundred forty-four persons with PD who meet the inclusion criteria will be randomly divided into a 1:1:1 ratio: (1) control group, (2) basic experimental group (basic app with no Tai Chi training features), and (3) balanced-enhanced experimental group (basic app with Tai Chi training features). Individuals with PD will be evaluated on balance and motor function outcomes. The primary outcome measure is the limits of stability (including the maximum excursion and direction control); the secondary outcome measures include the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS-III), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up & Go (TUG), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). Each group of patients will go through an assessment at baseline, 17 and 33 weeks. Discussion: This study will evaluate the effectiveness of the mobile phone app Tai Chi training on the balance function of persons with PD. We assume that a challenging Tai Chi project based on a mobile phone app will improve balance in the short and long term. As walking stability progresses, it is expected that daily activities and quality of life improve. These findings will be used to improve the effectiveness of future home management measures for persons with PD. Ethics and Dissemination: This study has been approved by the ethical review committee of the Shanghai University of Sport (approval number: 102772019RT056). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants or their guardians. The authors intend to submit the study findings to peer-reviewed journals or academic conferences to be published. Clinical Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000029135).
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Human Athletic Ability Development and Support, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Keneilwe Kenny Kaudimba
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Human Athletic Ability Development and Support, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Human Athletic Ability Development and Support, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Human Athletic Ability Development and Support, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Sport Science, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qianqian Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Human Athletic Ability Development and Support, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peize Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Human Athletic Ability Development and Support, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiemin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Human Athletic Ability Development and Support, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Human Athletic Ability Development and Support, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Human Athletic Ability Development and Support, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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70
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Chen Y, Sun X, Lin Y, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Wu IX. Non-Genetic Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease: An Overview of 46 Systematic Reviews. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 11:919-935. [PMID: 33814465 PMCID: PMC8461677 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses on non-genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) development have been published with inconsistent conclusions. OBJECTIVE This overview of SRs aimed to summarize evidence on non-genetic factors for the development of PD from the published SRs, and explore the reasons behind the conflicting results. METHODS Three international databases were searched for SRs with meta-analyses summarized evidence on non-genetic factors for PD development. The Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 tool was used to appraise the methodological quality of included SRs. Pooled effect estimations were extracted from each meta-analysis. RESULTS Forty-six SRs covered six categories, and more than 80 factors were included in this overview. Thirty-nine SRs (84.7%) were judged to be of critically low methodological quality. Evidence from prospective studies showed that physical activity, smoking, coffee, caffeine, tea, fat intake, ibuprofen use, calcium channel blocker use, statin use, thiazolidinediones, and high serum urate levels significantly reduced the risk of PD, while dairy intake, diabetes, hormone replacement therapy, depression, mood disorder, bipolar disorder, and aspirin use significantly increased the risk of PD. Differences in study designs (e.g., cohort studies, case-control studies) accounted for the conflicting results among included SRs. CONCLUSION Modifiable lifestyle factors such as physical activity and tea and coffee drinking may reduce the risk of PD, which may offer PD prevention strategies and hypotheses for future research. However, the designs of primary studies on PD risk factors and related SRs need to be improved and harmonized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancong Chen
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yali Lin
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinyan Gao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Irene X.Y. Wu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, China
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71
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McMahon J, Chazot P. Dance and Parkinson's: Biological perspective and rationale. LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/lim2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Chazot
- Department of Biosciences Durham University Durham UK
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72
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Hackney ME, Bay AA, Jackson JM, Nocera JR, Krishnamurthy V, Crosson B, Evatt ML, Langley J, Cui X, McKay JL, Huddleston DE. Rationale and Design of the PAIRED Trial: Partnered Dance Aerobic Exercise as a Neuroprotective, Motor, and Cognitive Intervention in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:943. [PMID: 33162925 PMCID: PMC7581698 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), an intractable condition impairing motor and cognitive function, is imperfectly treated by drugs and surgery. Two priority issues for many people with PD are OFF-time and cognitive impairment. Even under best medical management, three-fourths of people with PD experience “OFF-time” related to medication-related motor fluctuations, which severely impacts both quality of life and cognition. Cognitive deficits are found even in newly diagnosed people with PD and are often intractable. Our data suggest that partnered dance aerobic exercise (PDAE) reduces OFF-time on the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale-IV (MDS-UPDRS-IV) and ameliorates other disease features, which motivate the PAIRED trial. PDAE provides AE during an improvisational, cognitively engaging rehabilitative physical activity. Although exercise benefits motor and cognitive symptoms and may be neuroprotective for PD, studies using robust biomarkers of neuroprotection in humans are rare. We propose to perform a randomized, controlled trial in individuals with diagnosed mild–moderate PD to compare the efficacy of PDAE vs. walking aerobic exercise (WALK) for OFF-time, cognition, and neuroprotection. We will assess neuroprotection with neuromelanin-sensitive MRI (NM-MRI) and iron-sensitive (R2*) MRI sequences to quantify neuromelanin loss and iron accumulation in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). We will use these biomarkers, neuromelanin loss, and iron accumulation, as tools to chart the course of neurodegeneration in patients with PD who have undergone long-term (16 months) intervention. We will randomly assign 102 individuals with mild–moderate PD to 16 months of PDAE or WALK. The 16-month intervention period will consist of Training (3 months of biweekly sessions) and Maintenance (13 months of weekly sessions) phases. We will assess participants at baseline, 3 months (immediately post-Training), and 16 months (immediately post-Maintenance) for OFF-time and behaviorally and physiologically measured cognition. We will acquire NM-MRI and R2* imaging data at baseline and 16 months to assess neuroprotection. We will (1) examine effects of Training and Maintenance phases of PDAE vs. WALK on OFF-time, (2) compare PDAE vs. WALK at 3 and 16 months on behavioral and functional MRI (fMRI) measures of spatial cognition, and (3) compare PDAE vs. WALK for effects on rates of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine E Hackney
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA, Decatur, GA, United States.,Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Birmingham/Atlanta VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Allison A Bay
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jordan M Jackson
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joe R Nocera
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA, Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Birmingham/Atlanta VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory University School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Venkatagiri Krishnamurthy
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA, Decatur, GA, United States.,Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory University School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bruce Crosson
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA, Decatur, GA, United States.,Emory University School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Georgia State University Department of Psychology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Health and Rehabilitation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marian L Evatt
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA, Decatur, GA, United States.,Emory University School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jason Langley
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA, Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Birmingham/Atlanta VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory University School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Xiangqin Cui
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA, Decatur, GA, United States.,Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - J Lucas McKay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Daniel E Huddleston
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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73
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Li C, An H, Wang J, Jiang Z, Zhang T, Huo Q. Comparison of efficacy and safety of complementary and alternative therapies for Parkinson's disease: A Bayesian network meta-analysis protocol. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22265. [PMID: 32957377 PMCID: PMC7505290 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been on the rise. However, the existing therapy of PD cannot fundamentally treat the disease. Meanwhile, the complementary and alternative therapies of PD have played a positive role in the treatment of PD. Traditional meta-analysis was only able to compare 2 interventions, while the efficacy and safety of many complementary and alternative therapies were not comparable. Therefore, this study compared the efficacy and safety of different complementary and alternative therapies through network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS A comprehensive search of randomized controlled trials of complementary and alternative therapies for PD, as well as trials currently in progress, will be conducted until August 2020. Literature and data extraction were independently completed by two researchers. Through the meta-analysis of pairwise comparison and Bayesian NMA, all evidences are comprehensively evaluated. Use STATA15.0 and WinBUGS1.4.3 software for data processing and analysis, and use grading of recommendations assessment development and evaluation to classify the quality of evidence in the NMA. RESULTS The aim of this study is to obtain a ranking of efficacy and safety of different complementary and alternative therapies for PD. CONCLUSION Complementary and alternative therapies for PD have positive significance in improving the symptoms of PD, and can provide evidence support for clinicians and patients. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY202080079.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuancheng Li
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan
| | - Hongqiang An
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan
| | - Zhenyuan Jiang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan
| | - Qing Huo
- Xintai People's Hospital, Xintai
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74
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Marchetti B. Nrf2/Wnt resilience orchestrates rejuvenation of glia-neuron dialogue in Parkinson's disease. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101664. [PMID: 32863224 PMCID: PMC7395594 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation have long been recognized to contribute to Parkinson's disease (PD), a common movement disorder characterized by the selective loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDAn) of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The causes and mechanisms still remain elusive, but a complex interplay between several genes and a number of interconnected environmental factors, are chiefly involved in mDAn demise, as they intersect the key cellular functions affected in PD, such as the inflammatory response, mitochondrial, lysosomal, proteosomal and autophagic functions. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 -like 2 (NFE2L2/Nrf2), the master regulator of cellular defense against oxidative stress and inflammation, and Wingless (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling cascade, a vital pathway for mDAn neurogenesis and neuroprotection, emerge as critical intertwinned actors in mDAn physiopathology, as a decline of an Nrf2/Wnt/β-catenin prosurvival axis with age underlying PD mutations and a variety of noxious environmental exposures drive PD neurodegeneration. Unexpectedly, astrocytes, the so-called "star-shaped" cells, harbouring an arsenal of "beneficial" and "harmful" molecules represent the turning point in the physiopathological and therapeutical scenario of PD. Fascinatingly, "astrocyte's fil rouge" brings back to Nrf2/Wnt resilience, as boosting the Nrf2/Wnt resilience program rejuvenates astrocytes, in turn (i) mitigating nigrostriatal degeneration of aged mice, (ii) reactivating neural stem progenitor cell proliferation and neuron differentiation in the brain and (iii) promoting a beneficial immunomodulation via bidirectional communication with mDAns. Then, through resilience of Nrf2/Wnt/β-catenin anti-ageing, prosurvival and proregenerative molecular programs, it seems possible to boost the inherent endogenous self-repair mechanisms. Here, the cellular and molecular aspects as well as the therapeutical options for rejuvenating glia-neuron dialogue will be discussed together with major glial-derived mechanisms and therapies that will be fundamental to the identification of novel diagnostic tools and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), to fight ageing and nigrostriatal DAergic degeneration and promote functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 65, 95125, Catania, Italy; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Neuropharmacology Section, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018, Troina, EN, Italy.
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75
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Effects of Different Continuous Aerobic Training Protocols in a Heterozygous Mouse Model of Niemann-Pick Type C Disease. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020; 5:jfmk5030053. [PMID: 33467268 PMCID: PMC7739240 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The positive effects of physical activity on cognitive functions are widely known. Aerobic training is known to promote the expression of neurotrophins, thus inducing an increase in the development and survival of neurons, as well as enhancing synaptic plasticity. Based on this evidence, in the present study, we analyze the effects of two different types of aerobic training, progressive continuous (PC) and varying continuous (VC), on synaptic and muscular plasticity in heterozygous mice carrying the genetic mutation for Niemann-Pick type C disease. We also analyze the effects on synaptic plasticity by extracellular recordings in vitro in mouse hippocampal slices, while the morphological structure of muscle tissue was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Our results show a modulation of synaptic plasticity that varies according to the type of training protocol used, and only the VC protocol administered twice a week, has a significantly positive effect on long-term potentiation. On the contrary, ultrastructural analysis of muscle tissue shows an improvement in cellular conditions in all trained mice. These results confirm the beneficial effects of exercise on quality of life, supporting the hypothesis that physical activity could represent an alternative therapeutic strategy for patients with Niemann-Pick type C disease.
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76
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Cancela JM, Mollinedo I, Montalvo S, Vila Suárez ME. Effects of a High-Intensity Progressive-Cycle Program on Quality of Life and Motor Symptomatology in a Parkinson's Disease Population: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Rejuvenation Res 2020; 23:508-515. [PMID: 32336211 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2019.2267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of aerobic exercise in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) have been widely studied. Recent studies support the use of high-intensity aerobic exercise to improve oxidative stress values and functional performance in PD patients. The aim of this study is ascertain whether high-intensity aerobic training with lower extremity cycle ergometers and balance training can improve motor symptoms and quality of life in a PD population of Hoehn and Yahr disability score 1-3. The intervention took place in rehabilitation centers in secondary care. A pilot randomized controlled trial was carried out with 14 outpatients participated in the 8-week study. They were composed of a control group (CG; n = 7) that followed a balance protocol and an experimental group (EG; n = 7) that performed high-intensity (70% heart rate reserve) aerobic workout using a lower extremity cycle ergometer and a balance protocol once a week. The primary outcome measures included the 8-Foot Up-and-Go test, 6-Minute Walk test, 2-Minute Step test, Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ39), Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and Tinetti test. Significant improvements in the PDQ39 (F1.23 = 3.102; sig = 0.036), the MDS-UPDRS III (F1.23 = 4.723; sig = 0.033), and MDS-UPDRS Total (F1.23 = 4.117; sig = 0.047) were observed in the EG as against the CG. After taking into account the number of subjects in each group, the results suggest that the PD population can withstand high-intensity aerobic workouts with a lower extremity cycle ergometer. This exercise is a beneficial therapy for them because it reduces motor symptoms of the disease and furthermore increases and improves patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Cancela
- Faculty of Education and Sport Science, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.,Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), HealthyFit Research Group, Sergas-UVIGO, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Irimia Mollinedo
- Faculty of Education and Sport Science, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.,Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), HealthyFit Research Group, Sergas-UVIGO, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Sandro Montalvo
- Faculty of Education and Sport Science, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - María Elena Vila Suárez
- Faculty of Education and Sport Science, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.,Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), HealthyFit Research Group, Sergas-UVIGO, Pontevedra, Spain
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77
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Mendonça IP, Duarte-Silva E, Chaves-Filho AJM, Andrade da Costa BLDS, Peixoto CA. Neurobiological findings underlying depressive behavior in Parkinson's disease: A review. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106434. [PMID: 32224442 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases in the world with a harmful impact on the quality of life. Although its clinical diagnosis is based on motor symptoms such as resting tremor, postural instability, slow gait, and muscle stiffness, this disorder is also characterized by the presence of early emotional impairment, including features such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, and apathy. Depression is the main emotional manifestation associated with PD and the mechanisms involved in its pathophysiology have been extensively investigated however, it is not yet completely elucidated. In addition to monoaminergic imbalance, immunological and gut microbiota changes have been associated with depression in PD. Besides, a patient group appears be refractory to the treatment available currently. This review emphasizes the mainly neuromolecular findings of the PD-associated depression as well as discuss novel and potential pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Prata Mendonça
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, AggeuMagalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, AggeuMagalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE)/AggeuMagalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Adriano José Maia Chaves-Filho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, AggeuMagalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), PE, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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