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Inert coupling of IRDye800CW and zirconium-89 to monoclonal antibodies for single- or dual-mode fluorescence and PET imaging. Nat Protoc 2013; 8:1010-8. [PMID: 23619892 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2013.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
IRDye800CW and zirconium-89 ((89)Zr) have very attractive properties for optical imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, respectively. Here we describe a procedure for dual labeling of mAbs with IRDye800CW and (89)Zr in a current good manufacturing practice (cGMP)-compliant way. IRDye800CW and (89)Zr are coupled inertly, without impairment of immunoreactivity and pharmacokinetics of the mAb. Organ and whole-body distribution of the final product can be assessed by optical and PET imaging, respectively. For this purpose, a minimal amount of the chelate N-succinyldesferrioxamine (N-sucDf) is first conjugated to the mAb. Next, N-sucDf-mAb is conjugated with IRDye800CW, after which the N-sucDf-mAb-IRDye800CW is labeled with (89)Zr. After each of these three steps, the product is purified by gel filtration. The sequence of this process avoids unnecessary radiation exposure to personnel and takes about 5 h. The process can be scaled up by the production of large batches of premodified mAbs that can be dispensed and stored until they are labeled with (89)Zr.
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Lee JJ, White AG, Rice DR, Smith BD. In vivo imaging using polymeric nanoparticles stained with near-infrared chemiluminescent and fluorescent squaraine catenane endoperoxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3016-8. [PMID: 23467338 PMCID: PMC3633569 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40630j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polystyrene nanoparticles stained with squaraine catenane endoperoxide exhibit remarkably high chemiluminescence and enable optical imaging of biodistribution in living mice. Whole-body chemiluminescence imaging was much more effective than fluorescence at identifying lung accumulation of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Jae Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Alexander G. White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Douglas R. Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
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Antony PMA, Trefois C, Stojanovic A, Baumuratov AS, Kozak K. Light microscopy applications in systems biology: opportunities and challenges. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:24. [PMID: 23578051 PMCID: PMC3627909 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological systems present multiple scales of complexity, ranging from molecules to entire populations. Light microscopy is one of the least invasive techniques used to access information from various biological scales in living cells. The combination of molecular biology and imaging provides a bottom-up tool for direct insight into how molecular processes work on a cellular scale. However, imaging can also be used as a top-down approach to study the behavior of a system without detailed prior knowledge about its underlying molecular mechanisms. In this review, we highlight the recent developments on microscopy-based systems analyses and discuss the complementary opportunities and different challenges with high-content screening and high-throughput imaging. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview of the available platforms that can be used for image analysis, which enable community-driven efforts in the development of image-based systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Michel Aloyse Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Christophe Trefois
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Aleksandar Stojanovic
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | | | - Karol Kozak
- Light Microscopy Centre (LMSC), Institute for Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Chen H, Zhen Z, Todd T, Chu PK, Xie J. Nanoparticles for Improving Cancer Diagnosis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. R, REPORTS : A REVIEW JOURNAL 2013; 74:35-69. [PMID: 24068857 PMCID: PMC3779646 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the progress in developing new therapeutic modalities, cancer remains one of the leading diseases causing human mortality. This is mainly attributed to the inability to diagnose tumors in their early stage. By the time the tumor is confirmed, the cancer may have already metastasized, thereby making therapies challenging or even impossible. It is therefore crucial to develop new or to improve existing diagnostic tools to enable diagnosis of cancer in its early or even pre-syndrome stage. The emergence of nanotechnology has provided such a possibility. Unique physical and physiochemical properties allow nanoparticles to be utilized as tags with excellent sensitivity. When coupled with the appropriate targeting molecules, nanoparticle-based probes can interact with a biological system and sense biological changes on the molecular level with unprecedented accuracy. In the past several years, much progress has been made in applying nanotechnology to clinical imaging and diagnostics, and interdisciplinary efforts have made an impact on clinical cancer management. This article aims to review the progress in this exciting area with emphases on the preparation and engineering techniques that have been developed to assemble "smart" nanoprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, 1001 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Zipeng Zhen
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, 1001 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Trever Todd
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, 1001 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, 1001 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602
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55
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Laydner H, Huang SS, Heston WD, Autorino R, Wang X, Harsch KM, Magi-Galluzzi C, Isac W, Khanna R, Hu B, Escobar P, Chalikonda S, Rao PK, Haber GP, Kaouk JH, Stein RJ. Robotic Real-time Near Infrared Targeted Fluorescence Imaging in a Murine Model of Prostate Cancer: A Feasibility Study. Urology 2013; 81:451-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kim SH, Park G, Hyun H, Lee JH, Ashitate Y, Choi J, Hong GH, Owens EA, Henary M, Choi HS. Near-infrared lipophilic fluorophores for tracing tissue growth. Biomed Mater 2013; 8:014110. [PMID: 23353894 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/8/1/014110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal monitoring of cell migration, division and differentiation is of paramount importance in cell-based medical treatment. However, currently available optical techniques for tracing cell growth and tissue development are limited in applications due to genetic modification, toxicity and inaccurate detection when utilizing the visible spectrum. We have developed lipophilic near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores with high optical properties and a low background signal that allows longitudinal monitoring of cell proliferation and differentiation. Intracellular labeling efficacy was highly dependent on the physicochemical properties of fluorophores such as lipophilicity, charge, polar surface area and rotational bonds. Among the series of NIR cyanine fluorophores, ESNF 13 showed high solubility in aqueous buffer, high membrane penetration, low cytotoxicity and a long-term signal maintainability with a high signal intensity. This study will guide tissue engineers in designing long-term cell trafficking agents with better physicochemical and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Hee Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Lee JH, Park G, Hong GH, Choi J, Choi HS. Design considerations for targeted optical contrast agents. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2013; 2:266-73. [PMID: 23289086 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2012.12.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Optical fluorescence imaging with the right combination of imaging modality and targeted contrast agents offers tremendous improvement in intraoperative imaging and clinical output (i.e., image-guided cancer surgery). Therefore, it is of paramount importance to gain an in-depth knowledge in the design of targeted contrast agents to meet clinical requirements. Currently, there are several clinically approved contrast agents available; however, none perform optimally in vivo by providing optimum sensitivity, stability, specificity, and safety for target imaging, diagnosis, and therapy. In this review, we discuss basic design considerations for targeted contrast agents in terms of optical and physicochemical properties, biological and physiological interactions, and biodistribution and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Heon Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; ; Center for Molecular Imaging, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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58
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Tichauer KM, Holt RW, El-Ghussein F, Davis SC, Samkoe KS, Gunn JR, Leblond F, Pogue BW. Dual-tracer background subtraction approach for fluorescent molecular tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:16003. [PMID: 23292612 PMCID: PMC3537325 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.1.016003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse fluorescence tomography requires high contrast-to-background ratios to accurately reconstruct inclusions of interest. This is a problem when imaging the uptake of fluorescently labeled molecularly targeted tracers in tissue, which can result in high levels of heterogeneously distributed background uptake. We present a dual-tracer background subtraction approach, wherein signal from the uptake of an untargeted tracer is subtracted from targeted tracer signal prior to image reconstruction, resulting in maps of targeted tracer binding. The approach is demonstrated in simulations, a phantom study, and in a mouse glioma imaging study, demonstrating substantial improvement over conventional and homogenous background subtraction image reconstruction approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M. Tichauer
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Robert W. Holt
- Dartmouth College, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Fadi El-Ghussein
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Scott C. Davis
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Kimberley S. Samkoe
- Dartmouth Medical School, Department of Surgery, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
| | - Jason R. Gunn
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Frederic Leblond
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
- ÉcolePolytechnique Montréal, Génie Physique, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
- Dartmouth College, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
- Dartmouth Medical School, Department of Surgery, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
- Address all correspondence to: Brian W. Pogue, Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755. Tel: 603-646-3861; Fax: 603-646-3856; E-mail:
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59
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Cohen G, Lecht S, Arien-Zakay H, Ettinger K, Amsalem O, Oron-Herman M, Yavin E, Prus D, Benita S, Nissan A, Lazarovici P. Bio-imaging of colorectal cancer models using near infrared labeled epidermal growth factor. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48803. [PMID: 23144978 PMCID: PMC3493605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel strategies that target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have led to the clinical development of monoclonal antibodies, which treat metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) but only subgroups of patients with increased wild type KRAS and EGFR gene copy, respond to these agents. Furthermore, resistance to EGFR blockade inevitably occurred, making future therapy difficult. Novel bio-imaging (BOI) methods may assist in quantization of EGFR in mCRC tissue thus complementing the immunohistochemistry methodology, in guiding the future treatment of these patients. The aim of the present study was to explore the usefulness of near infrared-labeled EGF (EGF-NIR) for bio-imaging of CRC using in vitro and in vivo orthotopic tumor CRC models and ex vivo human CRC tissues. We describe the preparation and characterization of EGF-NIR and investigate binding, using BOI of a panel of CRC cell culture models resembling heterogeneity of human CRC tissues. EGF-NIR was specifically and selectively bound by EGFR expressing CRC cells, the intensity of EGF-NIR signal to background ratio (SBR) reflected EGFR levels, dose-response and time course imaging experiments provided optimal conditions for quantization of EGFR levels by BOI. EGF-NIR imaging of mice with HT-29 orthotopic CRC tumor indicated that EGF-NIR is more slowly cleared from the tumor and the highest SBR between tumor and normal adjacent tissue was achieved two days post-injection. Furthermore, images of dissected tissues demonstrated accumulation of EGF-NIR in the tumor and liver. EGF-NIR specifically and strongly labeled EGFR positive human CRC tissues while adjacent CRC tissue and EGFR negative tissues expressed weak NIR signals. This study emphasizes the use of EGF-NIR for preclinical studies. Combined with other methods, EGF-NIR could provide an additional bio-imaging specific tool in the standardization of measurements of EGFR expression in CRC tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Cohen
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shimon Lecht
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadar Arien-Zakay
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Keren Ettinger
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orit Amsalem
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mor Oron-Herman
- Advanced Technology Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eylon Yavin
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Diana Prus
- Department of Pathology and Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Simon Benita
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviram Nissan
- Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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60
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Behnke T, Mathejczyk JE, Brehm R, Würth C, Gomes FR, Dullin C, Napp J, Alves F, Resch-Genger U. Target-specific nanoparticles containing a broad band emissive NIR dye for the sensitive detection and characterization of tumor development. Biomaterials 2012; 34:160-70. [PMID: 23072943 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Current optical probes including engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are constructed from near infrared (NIR)-emissive organic dyes with narrow absorption and emission bands and small Stokes shifts prone to aggregation-induced self-quenching. Here, we present the new asymmetric cyanine Itrybe with broad, almost environment-insensitive absorption and emission bands in the diagnostic window, offering a unique flexibility of the choice of excitation and detection wavelengths compared to common NIR dyes. This strongly emissive dye was spectroscopically studied in different solvents and encapsulated into differently sized (15, 25, 100 nm) amino-modified polystyrene NPs (PSNPs) via a one-step staining procedure. As proof-of-concept for its potential for pre-/clinical imaging applications, Itrybe-loaded NPs were surface-functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the tumor-targeting antibody Herceptin and their binding specificity to the tumor-specific biomarker HER2 was systematically assessed. Itrybe-loaded NPs display strong fluorescence signals in vitro and in vivo and Herceptin-conjugated NPs bind specifically to HER2 as demonstrated in immunoassays as well as on tumor cells and sections from mouse tumor xenografts in vitro. This demonstrates that our design strategy exploiting broad band-absorbing and -emitting dyes yields versatile and bright NIR probes with a high potential for e.g. the sensitive detection and characterization of tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Behnke
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 1.10, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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61
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Nguyen C, Bascaramurty S, Kuzio B, Gregorash L, Kupriyanov V, Jilkina O. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging of mouse myocardial microvascular endothelium using Cy5.5-lectin conjugate. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2012; 5:754-767. [PMID: 22371316 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cy5.5-lectin, a non-toxic conjugate, combines the benefits of near-infrared (NIR) imaging, such as significant reduction of background fluorescence and increased tissue depth penetration, with its affinity for vascular endothelial cells. When compared to endothelial staining methods using FITC-lectin and ICAM2 antibodies, Cy5.5-lectin was confirmed to specifically bind endothelial cells and produce a fluorescence signal both in real-time and post-infusion. Ex-vivo experiments with isolated hearts demonstrated that binding was limited to perfused areas of the myocardium. With mouse in-vivo tail-vein injections, other organs such as the liver, spleen, and kidney were also stained and yielded similar quality images of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Nguyen
- University of Manitoba, Department of Oral Biology, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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62
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Rajamannan NM. Oxidative-mechanical stress signals stem cell niche mediated Lrp5 osteogenesis in eNOS(-/-) null mice. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1623-34. [PMID: 22359381 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common indication for valve surgery in the USA. This study hypothesizes that CAVD develops secondary to Wnt3a/Lrp5 activation via oxidative-mechanical stress in eNOS null mice. eNOS(-/-) mice were tested with experimental diets including a control (n=20), cholesterol (n=20), cholesterol + Atorvastatin (n=20). After 23 weeks the mice were tested for the development of aortic stenosis by Echo, Histology, MicroCT, and RTPCR for bone markers. In vitro studies measured Wnt3a secretion from aortic valve endothelial cells and confirmed oxidative stress via eNOS activity. Anion exchange chromatography was performed to isolate the mitogenic protein. Myofibroblast cells were tested to induce bone formation. Cholesterol treated eNOS mice develop severe stenosis with an increase in Wnt3a, Lrp5, Runx2 (threefold increase (P<0.0001) in the bicuspid versus tricuspid aortic valves. Secretion of Wnt3a from aortic valve endothelium in the presence of abnormal oxidative stress was correlated with diminished eNOS enzymatic activity and tissue nitrite levels. Initial characterization of the architecture for a stem cell nice was determined by protein isolation using anion-exchange chromatography and cell proliferation via thymidine incorporation. Osteoblastogenesis in the myofibroblast cell occurred via Lrp5 receptor upregulation in the presence of osteogenic media. Targeting the Wnt3a/Lrp5 pathway in valve calcification and activation of osteogenesis is via an oxidative-mechanical stress in CAVD. These findings provide a foundation for treating this disease process by targeting the cross talk mechanism in a resident stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini M Rajamannan
- Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Tissue culture of human alveolar periosteal sheets using a stem-cell culture medium (MesenPRO-RS™): In vitro expansion of CD146-positive cells and concomitant upregulation of osteogenic potential in vivo. Stem Cell Res 2012; 10:1-19. [PMID: 23041617 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that multilayered periosteal sheets prepared from the explant culture of alveolar periosteum serve as a promising osteogenic grafting material in periodontal tissue regeneration. For the preparation of more potent periosteal sheets, we examined the applicability of stem-cell culture media. Compared to the control medium (Medium 199+10% FBS), periosteal sheets expanded with MesenPRO-RS™ medium exhibited these features: Cells grew three-dimensionally and deposited collagen in the extracellular spaces to form thicker multilayers of cells. Chondrocytic markers were not significantly upregulated. Contractile force was generated in proportion with the increased thickness of the periosteal sheets and the formation of cytoplasmic α-smooth muscle actin fibers. However, myofibroblastic markers were not significantly upregulated. The surface marker CD146 was substantially upregulated, while both CD73 and CD105 were downregulated. Alkaline phosphatase, a representative osteoblastic marker, was not upregulated by osteogenic induction. However, these expanded periosteal sheets exhibited substantially stronger osteogenic differentiation when implanted in nude mice. Therefore, despite our reservations, MesenPRO medium effectively expanded the cells contained in periosteal sheets to promote the formation of thicker multilayers of cells in vitro, and these enhanced periosteal sheets expressed increased osteogenic potential at implantation sites in vivo. In conjunction with data indicating that CD146-positive cells were notably expanded and the recently proposed concept that CD146 is a marker for osteogenic progenitor cells found in the bone marrow stroma, our findings suggest that MesenPRO medium improves the preparation of highly osteogenic periosteal sheets suitable for clinical application largely through the induction of CD146-positive cells.
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Meyer BS, Rademann J. Extra- and intracellular imaging of human matrix metalloprotease 11 (hMMP-11) with a cell-penetrating FRET substrate. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:37857-67. [PMID: 22927434 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.371500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloprotease 11 (MMP-11), a protease associated with invasion and aggressiveness of cancerous tissue, was postulated as a prognostic marker for pancreatic, breast, and colon cancer patients. Expression analysis, however, did not reveal localization and regulation of this protease. Thus, cellular tools for the visualization of MMP-11 are highly desirable to monitor presence and activity and to elucidate the functional role of MMP-11. Therefore, fluorescein-Dabcyl-labeled Foerster resonance energy transfer (FRET) substrates were developed. The design focused on enhanced peptide binding to human MMP-11, employing an unusual amino acid for the specificity pocket P1'. The addition of several arginines resulted in a cell-permeable FRET substrate SM-P124 (Ac-GRRRK(Dabcyl)-GGAANC(MeOBn)RMGG-fluorescein). In vitro evaluation of SM-P124 with human MMP-11 showed a 25-fold increase of affinity (k(cat)/K(m) = 9.16 × 10(3) m(-1) s(-1), K(m) = 8 μm) compared with previously published substrates. Incubation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line MIA PaCa-2 and mamma adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 with the substrate SM-P124 (5 μm) indicated intra- and extracellular MMP-11 activity. A negative control cell line (Jurkat) showed no fluorescent signal either intra- or extracellularly. Negative control FRET substrate SM-P123 produced only insignificant extracellular fluorescence without any intracellular fluorescence. SM-P124 therefore enabled intra- and extracellular tracking of MMP-11-overexpressing cancers such as pancreatic and breast adenocarcinoma and might contribute to the understanding of the activation pathways leading to MMP-11-mediated invasive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sina Meyer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
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65
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Samkoe KS, Sexton K, Tichauer KM, Hextrum SK, Pardesi O, Davis SC, O’Hara JA, Hoopes PJ, Hasan T, Pogue BW. High vascular delivery of EGF, but low receptor binding rate is observed in AsPC-1 tumors as compared to normal pancreas. Mol Imaging Biol 2012; 14:472-9. [PMID: 21847690 PMCID: PMC3529005 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-011-0503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cellular receptor targeted imaging agents present the potential to target extracellular molecular expression in cancerous lesions; however, the image contrast in vivo does not reflect the magnitude of overexpression expected from in vitro data. Here, the in vivo delivery and binding kinetics of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was determined for normal pancreas and AsPC-1 orthotopic pancreatic tumors known to overexpress EGFR. PROCEDURES EGFR in orthotopic xenograft AsPC-1 tumors was targeted with epidermal growth factor (EGF) conjugated with IRDye800CW. The transfer rate constants (k(e), K₁₂, k₂₁, k₂₃, and k₃₂) associated with a three-compartment model describing the vascular delivery, leakage rate and binding of targeted agents were determined experimentally. The plasma excretion rate, k (e), was determined from extracted blood plasma samples. K₁₂, k₂₁, and k₃₂ were determined from ex vivo tissue washing studies at time points ≥ 24 h. The measured in vivo uptake of IRDye800CW-EGF and a non-targeted tracer dye, IRDye700DX-carboxylate, injected simultaneously was used to determined k₂₃. RESULTS The vascular exchange of IRDye800CW-EGF in the orthotopic tumor (K₁₂ and k₂₁) was higher than in the AsPC-1 tumor as compared to normal pancreas, suggesting that more targeted agent can be taken up in tumor tissue. However, the cellular associated (binding) rate constant (k₂₃) was slightly lower for AsPC-1 pancreatic tumor (4.1 × 10(-4) s(-1)) than the normal pancreas (5.5 × 10(-4) s(-1)), implying that less binding is occurring. CONCLUSIONS Higher vascular delivery but low cellular association in the AsPC-1 tumor compared to the normal pancreas may be indicative of low receptor density due to low cellular content. This attribute of the AsPC-1 tumor may indicate one contributing cause of the difficulty in treating pancreatic tumors with cellular targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley S. Samkoe
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Kristian Sexton
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Tichauer
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Shannon K. Hextrum
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Omar Pardesi
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Scott C. Davis
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Julia A. O’Hara
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - P. Jack Hoopes
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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66
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Xu Y, Liu Q, Dou B, Wright B, Wang J, Pang Y. Zn(2+) binding-enabled excited state intramolecular proton transfer: a step toward new near-infrared fluorescent probes for imaging applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2012. [PMID: 23184782 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to facilitate the in vivo study of zinc-related biology, it is essential to develop a zinc-selective sensor that exhibits both near-infrared (NIR) emission and larger Stokes shift. A fluorescent sensor, Zinhbo-5, has been constructed by using bis(benzoxazole) ligand with 2, 2'-dipicolylamine (DPA) as metal ion receptor. In aqueous solution, Zinhbo-5 exhibits high sensitivity (K(d) = 2.58 nM(2) ) and selectivity for Zn(2+) cation, revealing about 14-fold fluorescence enhancement upon zinc binding to give green emission. Remarkably, Zn(2+) binding to Zinhbo-5 switches on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), producing the desirable near-infrared region (over 710 nm) with large Stokes shift (ca. 240 nm). The new probe is demonstrated to be useful for in vivo imaging of the intracellular Zn(2+) ion. The Zinhbo-5 is also useful for detecting zinc ion distribution during the development of living zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqian Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Maurice, Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
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67
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Ruan J, Song H, Li C, Bao C, Fu H, Wang K, Ni J, Cui D. DiR-labeled Embryonic Stem Cells for Targeted Imaging of in vivo Gastric Cancer Cells. Theranostics 2012; 2:618-28. [PMID: 22768029 PMCID: PMC3388594 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells have great potential in applications such as disease modeling, pharmacological screening and stem cell therapies. Up to date, there is no related report on the use of ES cells as tracking and contrast reagents of cancer cells in vivo. Herein we report that DiR-labeled murine ES cells can recognize and target gastric cancer cells in vivo. DiR-labeled murine ES (mES) cells (5×10(6)) were intravenously injected into gastric tumor-bearing mice. The biodistribution of DiR-labeled mES cells was monitored by IVIS imaging within 24 h. Major organs were harvested and analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. Chemotaxis assay was employed to investigate the chemotaxis of ES cells tracking cancer cells. Fluorescent imaging results showed that DiR-labeled mES cells targeted gastric cancer tissue in vivo as early as 10 min post-injection, reaching a peak at 2h post-injection. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting results showed gastric cancer tissues specifically expressed SSEA-1. In vitro migration tests confirmed that mES cells actively moved to test sites with different concentration of CXCL12 in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, DiR-labeled mES cells may be used for gastric cancer targeted imaging in vivo, and have great potential in applications such as identifying and imaging of early gastric cancer in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daxiang Cui
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Research Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
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68
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Tichauer KM, Samkoe KS, Sexton KJ, Gunn JR, Hasan T, Pogue BW. Improved tumor contrast achieved by single time point dual-reporter fluorescence imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:066001. [PMID: 22734757 PMCID: PMC3381038 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.6.066001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate a method to quantify biomarker expression that uses an exogenous dual-reporter imaging approach to improve tumor signal detection. The uptake of two fluorophores, one nonspecific and one targeted to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), were imaged at 1 h in three types of xenograft tumors spanning a range of EGFR expression levels (n=6 in each group). Using this dual-reporter imaging methodology, tumor contrast-to-noise ratio was amplified by >6 times at 1 h postinjection and >2 times at 24 h. Furthermore, by as early as 20 min postinjection, the dual-reporter imaging signal in the tumor correlated significantly with a validated marker of receptor density (P<0.05, r=0.93). Dual-reporter imaging can improve sensitivity and specificity over conventional fluorescence imaging in applications such as fluorescence-guided surgery and directly approximates the receptor status of the tumor, a measure that could be used to inform choices of biological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Tichauer
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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69
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Gong H, Cradduck M, Cheung L, Olive DM. Development of a near-infrared fluorescence ELISA method using tyramide signal amplification. Anal Biochem 2012; 426:27-9. [PMID: 22490466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we applied tyramide signal amplification (TSA) to fluorescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as the detection enzyme. When used with a human epidermal growth factor ELISA kit, the TSA method led to a >100-fold increase in fluorescence signal intensity in comparison to an unamplified method. It also showed wider dynamic range and better sensitivity compared to a conventional method using tetramethylbenzidine as the HRP substrate.
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70
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Gong H, Kovar JL, Baker B, Zhang A, Cheung L, Draney DR, Corrêa IR, Xu MQ, Olive DM. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging of mammalian cells and xenograft tumors with SNAP-tag. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34003. [PMID: 22479502 PMCID: PMC3316518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region is suitable for in vivo imaging due to its reduced background and high penetration capability compared to visible fluorescence. SNAP(f) is a fast-labeling variant of SNAP-tag that reacts with a fluorescent dye-conjugated benzylguanine (BG) substrate, leading to covalent attachment of the fluorescent dye to the SNAP(f). This property makes SNAP(f) a valuable tool for fluorescence imaging. The NIR fluorescent substrate BG-800, a conjugate between BG and IRDye 800CW, was synthesized and characterized in this study. HEK293, MDA-MB-231 and SK-OV-3 cells stably expressing SNAP(f)-Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (SNAP(f)-ADRβ2) fusion protein were created. The ADRβ2 portion of the protein directs the localization of the protein to the cell membrane. The expression of SNAP(f)-ADRβ2 in the stable cell lines was confirmed by the reaction between BG-800 substrate and cell lysates. Microscopic examination confirmed that SNAP(f)-ADRβ2 was localized on the cell membrane. The signal intensity of the labeled cells was dependent on the BG-800 concentration. In vivo imaging study showed that BG-800 could be used to visualize xenograph tumors expressing SNAP(f)-ADRβ2. However, the background signal was relatively high, which may be a reflection of non-specific accumulation of BG-800 in the skin. To address the background issue, quenched substrates that only fluoresce upon reaction with SNAP-tag were synthesized and characterized. Although the fluorescence was successfully quenched, in vivo imaging with the quenched substrate CBG-800-PEG-QC1 failed to visualize the SNAP(f)-ADRβ2 expressing tumor, possibly due to the reduced reaction rate. Further improvement is needed to apply this system for in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibiao Gong
- LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America.
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71
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Fernandez-Fernandez A, Manchanda R, Lei T, Carvajal DA, Tang Y, Kazmi SZR, McGoron AJ. Comparative Study of the Optical and Heat Generation Properties of IR820 and Indocyanine Green. Mol Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores are the focus of extensive research for combined molecular imaging and hyperthermia. In this study, we showed that the cyanine dye IR820 has optical and thermal generation properties similar to those of indocyanine green (ICG) but with improved in vitro and in vivo stability. The fluorescent emission of IR820 has a lower quantum yield than ICG but less dependence of the emission peak location on concentration. IR820 demonstrated degradation half-times approximately double those of ICG under all temperature and light conditions in aqueous solution. In hyperthermia applications, IR820 generated lower peak temperatures than ICG (4–9%) after 3-minute laser exposure. However, there was no significant difference in hyperthermia cytotoxicity, with both dyes causing significant cell growth inhibition at concentrations ≥ 5 μM. Fluorescent images of cells with 10 μM IR820 were similar to ICG images. In rats, IR820 resulted in a significantly more intense fluorescence signal and significantly higher organ dye content than for ICG 24 hours after intravenous dye administration ( p < .05). Our study shows that IR820 is a feasible agent in experimental models of imaging and hyperthermia and could be an alternative to ICG when greater stability, longer image collection times, or more predictable peak locations are desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Romila Manchanda
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Tingjun Lei
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Denny A. Carvajal
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Yuan Tang
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Syed Zahid Raza Kazmi
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Anthony J. McGoron
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL
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72
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Xie BW, Mol IM, Keereweer S, van Beek ER, Que I, Snoeks TJA, Chan A, Kaijzel EL, Löwik CWGM. Dual-wavelength imaging of tumor progression by activatable and targeting near-infrared fluorescent probes in a bioluminescent breast cancer model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31875. [PMID: 22348134 PMCID: PMC3278453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has shown its appeal as a sensitive technique for in vivo whole body optical imaging. However, the development of injectable tumor-specific near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) probes makes fluorescence imaging (FLI) a promising alternative to BLI in situations where BLI cannot be used or is unwanted (e.g., spontaneous transgenic tumor models, or syngeneic mice to study immune effects). In this study, we addressed the questions whether it is possible to detect tumor progression using FLI with appropriate sensitivity and how FLI correlates with BLI measurements. In addition, we explored the possibility to simultaneously detect multiple tumor characteristics by dual-wavelength FLI (∼700 and ∼800 nm) in combination with spectral unmixing. Using a luciferase-expressing 4T1-luc2 mouse breast cancer model and combinations of activatable and targeting NIRF probes, we showed that the activatable NIRF probes (ProSense680 and MMPSense680) and the targeting NIRF probes (IRDye 800CW 2-DG and IRDye 800CW EGF) were either activated by or bound to 4T1-luc2 cells. In vivo, we implanted 4T1-luc2 cells orthotopically in nude mice and were able to follow tumor progression longitudinally both by BLI and dual-wavelength FLI. We were able to reveal different probe signals within the tumor, which co-localized with immuno-staining. Moreover, we observed a linear correlation between the internal BLI signals and the FLI signals obtained from the NIRF probes. Finally, we could detect pulmonary metastases both by BLI and FLI and confirmed their presence histologically. Taken together, these data suggest that dual-wavelength FLI is a feasible approach to simultaneously detect different features of one tumor and to follow tumor progression with appropriate specificity and sensitivity. This study may open up new perspectives for the detection of tumors and metastases in various experimental models and could also have clinical applications, such as image-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Wen Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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73
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Cheng TC, Roffler SR, Tzou SC, Chuang KH, Su YC, Chuang CH, Kao CH, Chen CS, Harn IH, Liu KY, Cheng TL, Leu YL. An Activity-Based Near-Infrared Glucuronide Trapping Probe for Imaging β-Glucuronidase Expression in Deep Tissues. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:3103-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209335z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chun Cheng
- Graduate Institute
of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Steve R. Roffler
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Department
of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Department
of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Su
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute
of Microbiology and
Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chuang
- Institutes
of Basic Medical
Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Kao
- Graduate Institute
of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Shu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Hong Harn
- Department
of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan,
Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Department
of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Leu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan,
Taiwan
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74
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Yi D, Naqwi A, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Wiedmann TS. Distribution of aerosols in mouse lobes by fluorescent imaging. Int J Pharm 2012; 426:108-115. [PMID: 22306042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Better methods are needed to quantify the distribution of drug among the airways of the lungs of small animals to facilitate the development of agents that can target specific airways. Mice were exposed to aerosols of aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid (AlPCS) that ranged in concentration and size (0.2-2.8 μm). The trachea and lobes were removed and placed between glass slides, and fluorescent images were obtained at two different compression thicknesses. The intensity, normalized by the area, exposure time, and thickness, was then plotted as a function of compression thickness, from which the concentration and attenuation coefficient were estimated for each lobe and then for each pixel of the image. The latter was then used to generate an image reflective of the concentration. The lobe volume, concentration, and tissue attenuation of AlPCS was consistent among the lobes. The deposition fraction increased with decreasing particle size. The network of lines in the concentration image indicated that connective tissue has a lower concentration. The central airways were clearly evident in the images of mice exposed to the very small and large aerosols. This approach provides a rapid, economical means to obtain high resolution images of mouse lungs from which detailed analysis of the distribution of deposited aerosol particles can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Amir Naqwi
- Powerscope Incorporated, 1313 Fifth Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States.
| | | | - Timothy Scott Wiedmann
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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75
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Würth C, Pauli J, Lochmann C, Spieles M, Resch-Genger U. Integrating Sphere Setup for the Traceable Measurement of Absolute Photoluminescence Quantum Yields in the Near Infrared. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1345-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2021954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Würth
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489
Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Pauli
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489
Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lochmann
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489
Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Spieles
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489
Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489
Berlin, Germany
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76
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Kattel K, Park JY, Xu W, Kim HG, Lee EJ, Bony BA, Heo WC, Chang Y, Kim TJ, Do JY, Chae KS, Kwak YW, Lee GH. Water-soluble ultrasmall Eu2O3 nanoparticles as a fluorescent imaging agent: In vitro and in vivo studies. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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77
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Xu W, Park JY, Kattel K, Ahmad MW, Bony BA, Heo WC, Jin S, Park JW, Chang Y, Kim TJ, Park JA, Do JY, Chae KS, Lee GH. Fluorescein-polyethyleneimine coated gadolinium oxide nanoparticles as T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–cell labeling (CL) dual agents. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21052e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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78
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Xu W, Kattel K, Park JY, Chang Y, Kim TJ, Lee GH. Paramagnetic nanoparticle T1 and T2 MRI contrast agents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:12687-700. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41357d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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79
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Cohen R, Stammes MA, de Roos IH, Stigter-van Walsum M, Visser GW, van Dongen GA. Inert coupling of IRDye800CW to monoclonal antibodies for clinical optical imaging of tumor targets. EJNMMI Res 2011; 1:31. [PMID: 22214225 PMCID: PMC3250998 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-1-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photoimmunodetection, in which monoclonal antibodies [mAbs] are labeled with fluorescent dyes, might have clinical potential for early detection and characterization of cancer. For this purpose, the dye should be coupled in an inert way to mAb. In this study, different equivalents of IRDye800CW, a near-infrared fluorescent dye, were coupled to 89Zr-labeled cetuximab and bevacizumab, and conjugates were evaluated in biodistribution studies. Radiolabeled mAbs were used to allow accurate quantification for assessment of the number of dye groups that can be coupled to mAbs without affecting their biological properties. Methods 89Zr-cetuximab and 89Zr-bevacizumab, containing 0.5 89Zr-desferal group per mAb molecule, were incubated with 1 to 10 eq IRDye800CW at pH 8.5 for 2 h at 35°C, and 89Zr-mAb-IRDye800CW conjugates were purified by a PD10 column using 0.9% NaCl as eluent. HPLC analysis at 780 nm was used to assess conjugation efficiency. In vitro stability measurements were performed in storage buffer (0.9% NaCl or PBS) at 4°C and 37°C and human serum at 37°C. 89Zr-mAb-IRDye800CW conjugates and 89Zr-mAb conjugates (as reference) were administered to nude mice bearing A431 (cetuximab) or FaDu (bevacizumab) xenografts, and biodistribution was assessed at 24 to 72 h after injection. Results Conjugation efficiency of IRDye800CW to 89Zr-mAbs was approximately 50%; on an average, 0.5 to 5 eq IRDye800CW was conjugated. All conjugates showed optimal immunoreactivity and were > 95% stable in storage buffer at 4°C and 37°C and human serum at 37°C for at least 96 h. In biodistribution studies with 89Zr-cetuximab-IRDye800CW, enhanced blood clearance with concomitant decreased tumor uptake and increased liver uptake was observed at 24 to 72 h post-injection when 2 or more eq of dye had been coupled to mAb. No significant alteration of biodistribution was observed 24 to 48 h after injection when 1 eq of dye had been coupled. 89Zr-bevacizumab-IRDye800CW showed a similar tendency, with an impaired biodistribution when 2 eq of dye had been coupled to mAb. Conclusion Usage of 89Zr-mAbs allows accurate quantification of the biodistribution of mAbs labeled with different equivalents of IRDye800CW. Alteration of biodistribution was observed when more than 1 eq of IRDye800CW was coupled to mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Cohen
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, P,O, Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands.
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80
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Park HS, Lee JE, Cho MY, Noh YW, Sung MH, Poo H, Hong KS, Lim YT. pH-stimuli-responsive near-infrared optical imaging nanoprobe based on poly(γ-glutamic acid)/poly(β-amino ester) nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:465603. [PMID: 22033077 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/46/465603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
pH-stimuli-responsive near-infrared optical imaging nanoprobes are designed and synthesized in this study in a facile one-step synthesis process based on the use of the biocompatible and biodegradable polymer poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA)/poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE). PBAE has good transfection efficiency and promotes degradation properties under acidic conditions. This pH-responsive degradability can be used for the effective release of encapsulating materials after cellular uptake. As an optical imaging probe, indocyanine green (ICG) is an FDA-approved near-infrared fluorescent dye with a quenching property at a high concentration. In this regard, we focus here on the rapid degradation of PBAE in an acidic environment, in which the nanoparticles are disassembled. This allows the ICG dyes to show enhanced fluorescence signals after being releasing from the particles. We demonstrated this principle in cellular uptake experiments. We expect that the developed pH-stimuli-responsive smart nanoprobes can be applied in intracellular delivery signaling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Park
- Graduate School and Department of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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81
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Napp J, Behnke T, Fischer L, Würth C, Wottawa M, Katschinski DM, Alves F, Resch-Genger U, Schäferling M. Targeted Luminescent Near-Infrared Polymer-Nanoprobes for In Vivo Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia. Anal Chem 2011; 83:9039-46. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201870b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Napp
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Behnke
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse, 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz Fischer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Würth
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse, 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieke Wottawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörthe M. Katschinski
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Alves
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse, 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schäferling
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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82
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Kovar JL, Xu X, Draney D, Cupp A, Simpson MA, Michael Olive D. Near-infrared-labeled tetracycline derivative is an effective marker of bone deposition in mice. Anal Biochem 2011; 416:167-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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83
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Crane LMA, van Oosten M, Pleijhuis RG, Motekallemi A, Dowdy SC, Cliby WA, van der Zee AGJ, van Dam GM. Intraoperative imaging in ovarian cancer: fact or fiction? Mol Imaging 2011; 10:248-57. [PMID: 21521557 PMCID: PMC3763956 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeted fluorescence imaging for cancer diagnosis and treatment is an evolving field of research that is on the verge of clinical implementation. As each tumor has its unique biologic profile, selection of the most promising targets is essential. In this review, we focus on target finding in ovarian cancer, a disease in which fluorescence imaging may be of value in both adequate staging and in improving cytoreductive efforts, and as such may have a beneficial effect on prognosis. Thus far, tumor-targeted imaging for ovarian cancer has been applied only in animal models. For clinical implementation, the five most prominent targets were identified: folate receptor α, vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, chemokine receptor 4, and matrix metalloproteinase. These targets were selected based on expression rates in ovarian cancer, availability of an antibody or substrate aimed at the target approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and the likelihood of translation to human use. The purpose of this review is to present requirements for intraoperative imaging and to discuss possible tumor-specific targets for ovarian cancer, prioritizing for targets with substrates ready for introduction into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M A Crane
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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84
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Near-infrared molecular imaging of tumors via chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. Clin Exp Metastasis 2011; 28:713-20. [PMID: 21735100 PMCID: PMC3213350 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-011-9403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 play a major role in tumor invasion, proliferation and metastasis. Since both receptors are overexpressed on distinct tumor cells and on the tumor vasculature, we evaluated their potential as targets for detection of cancers by molecular imaging. We synthesized conjugates of CXCL12 and the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye IRDye(®)800CW, tested their selectivity, sensitivity and biological activity in vitro and their feasibility to visualize tumors in vivo. Purified CXCL12-conjugates detected in vitro as low as 500 A764 human glioma cells or MCF-7 breast cancer cells that express CXCR7 alone or together with CXCR4. Binding was time- and concentration-dependent, and the label could be competitively displaced by the native peptide. Control conjugates with bovine serum albumin or lactalbumin failed to label the cells. In mice, the conjugate distributed rapidly. After 1-92 h, subcutaneous tumors of human MCF-7 and A764 cells in immunodeficient mice were detected with high sensitivity. Background was observed in particular in liver within the first 24 h, but also skull and hind limbs yielded some background. Overall, fluorescent CXCL12-conjugates are sensitive and selective probes to detect solid and metastatic tumors by targeting tumor cells and tumor vasculature.
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85
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Pauli J, Grabolle M, Brehm R, Spieles M, Hamann FM, Wenzel M, Hilger I, Resch-Genger U. Suitable Labels for Molecular Imaging – Influence of Dye Structure and Hydrophilicity on the Spectroscopic Properties of IgG Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1298-308. [DOI: 10.1021/bc1004763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Pauli
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, OE I.5, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Grabolle
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, OE I.5, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Brehm
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, OE I.5, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Spieles
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, OE I.5, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska M. Hamann
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie des Klinikums der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena (IDIR), Forschungszentrum Lobeda, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ingrid Hilger
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie des Klinikums der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena (IDIR), Forschungszentrum Lobeda, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, OE I.5, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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86
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Wang J, Achilefu S, Nantz M, Kang KA. Gold nanoparticle–fluorophore complex for conditionally fluorescing signal mediator. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 695:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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87
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Alkaline phosphatase assay using a near-infrared fluorescent substrate merocyanine 700 phosphate. Talanta 2011; 84:941-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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88
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Hamann FM, Brehm R, Pauli J, Grabolle M, Frank W, Kaiser WA, Fischer D, Resch-Genger U, Hilger I. Controlled modulation of serum protein binding and biodistribution of asymmetric cyanine dyes by variation of the number of sulfonate groups. Mol Imaging 2011; 10:258-69. [PMID: 21521558 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the suitability of asymmetric cyanine dyes for in vivo fluoro-optical molecular imaging, a comprehensive study on the influence of the number of negatively charged sulfonate groups governing the hydrophilicity of the DY-67x family of asymmetric cyanines was performed. Special attention was devoted to the plasma protein binding capacity and related pharmacokinetic properties. Four members of the DY-67x cyanine family composed of the same main chromophore, but substituted with a sequentially increasing number of sulfonate groups (n = 1-4; DY-675, DY-676, DY-677, DY-678, respectively), were incubated with plasma proteins dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline. Protein binding was assessed by absorption spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis, ultrafiltration, and dialysis. Distribution of dye in organs was studied by intraveneous injection of 62 nmol dye/kg body weight into mice (n = 12; up to 180 minutes postinjection) using whole-body near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Spectroscopic studies, gel electrophoresis, and dialysis demonstrated reduced protein binding with increasing number of sulfonate groups. The bovine serum albumin binding constant of the most hydrophobic dye, DY-675, is 18 times higher than that of the most hydrophilic fluorophore, DY-678. In vivo biodistribution analysis underlined a considerable influence of dye hydrophilicity on biodistribution and excretion pathways, with the more hydrophobic dyes, DY-675 and DY-676, accumulating in the liver, followed by strong fluorescence signals in bile and gut owing to accumulation in feces and comparatively hydrophilic DY-678-COOH accumulating in the bladder. Our results demonstrate the possibility of selectively controlling dye-protein interactions and, thus, biodistribution and excretion pathways via proper choice of the fluorophore's substitution pattern. This underlines the importance of structure-property relationships for fluorescent labels. Moreover, our data could provide the basis for the rationalization of future contrast agent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska M Hamann
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
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89
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Kenne E, Lindbom L. Imaging inflammatory plasma leakage in vivo. Thromb Haemost 2011; 105:783-9. [PMID: 21437352 DOI: 10.1160/th10-10-0635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increased vascular permeability and consequent plasma leakage from postcapillary venules is a cardinal sign of inflammation. Although the movement of plasma constituents from the vasculature to the affected tissue aids in clearing the inflammatory stimulus, excessive plasma extravasation can lead to hospitalisation or death in cases such as influenza-induced pneumonia, burns or brain injury. The use of intravital imaging has significantly contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms controlling the vascular permeability alterations that occur during inflammation. Today, intravital imaging can be performed using optical and non-optical techniques. Optical techniques, which are generally used in experimental settings, include traditional intravital fluorescence microscopy and near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Magnetic resonance (MRI) and radioisotopic imaging are used mainly in the clinical setting, but are increasingly used in experimental work, and can detect plasma leakage without optics. Although these methods are all able to visualise inflammatory plasma leakage in vivo, the spatial and temporal resolution differs between the techniques. In addition, they vary with regards to invasiveness and availability. This overview discusses the use of imaging techniques in the visualisation of inflammatory plasma leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kenne
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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90
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Berezin MY, Guo K, Akers W, Livingston J, Solomon M, Lee H, Liang K, Agee A, Achilefu S. Rational approach to select small peptide molecular probes labeled with fluorescent cyanine dyes for in vivo optical imaging. Biochemistry 2011; 50:2691-700. [PMID: 21329363 DOI: 10.1021/bi2000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the structure of carbocyanine dyes, which are commonly used to label small peptides for molecular imaging and not the bound peptide, controls the rate of extravasation from blood vessels to tissue. By examining several near-infrared (NIR) carbocyanine fluorophores, we demonstrate a quantitative correlation between the binding of a dye to albumin, a model plasma protein, and the rate of extravasation of the probe into tissue. Binding of the dyes was measured by fluorescence quenching of the tryptophans in albumin and was found to be inversely proportional to the rate of extravasation. The rate of extravasation, determined by kurtosis from longitudinal imaging studies using rodent ear models, provided a basis for quantitative measurements. Structure-activity studies aimed at evaluating a representative library of NIR fluorescent cyanine probes showed that hydrophilic dyes with binding constants several orders of magnitude lower than their hydrophobic counterparts have much faster extravasation rate, establishing a foundation for rational probe design. The correlation provides a guideline for dye selection in optical imaging and a method to verify if a certain dye is optimal for a specific molecular imaging application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Y Berezin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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91
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Jin Y, Ye F, Zeigler M, Wu C, Chiu DT. Near-infrared fluorescent dye-doped semiconducting polymer dots. ACS NANO 2011; 5:1468-75. [PMID: 21280613 PMCID: PMC3043135 DOI: 10.1021/nn103304m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence sensing is desirable for in vivo biological measurements, but the method is currently limited by the availability of NIR fluorescent markers as well as by their poor performance, such as self-aggregation and dim fluorescence, in a physiological environment. To address this issue, this paper describes a NIR fluorescent polymer dot (Pdot) that emits at 777 nm. This Pdot was comparable in size to a water-soluble NIR quantum dot that emits at 800 nm (ITK Qdot800) but was about four times brighter and with a narrower emission peak. We formed the NIR Pdot by doping the NIR dye, silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(trihexylsilyloxide) (NIR775), into the matrix of poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (PFBT) as the Pdot formed using a nanoscale precipitation technique. Free molecules of NIR775 aggregate in aqueous solution, but encapsulating them into the hydrophobic Pdot matrix effectively introduced them into aqueous solution for use in biological studies. Most importantly, the brightness of NIR775 was dramatically enhanced because of the excellent light-harvesting ability of PFBT and the very efficient energy transfer from PFBT to NIR775. We anticipate this bright NIR Pdot will be useful in biological measurements and cellular imaging where strong NIR emission is beneficial.
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92
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Kainerstorfer JM, Amyot F, Ehler M, Hassan M, Demos SG, Chernomordik V, Hitzenberger CK, Gandjbakhche AH, Riley JD. Direct curvature correction for noncontact imaging modalities applied to multispectral imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:046013. [PMID: 20799815 PMCID: PMC2929261 DOI: 10.1117/1.3470094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Noncontact optical imaging of curved objects can result in strong artifacts due to the object's shape, leading to curvature biased intensity distributions. This artifact can mask variations due to the object's optical properties, and makes reconstruction of optical/physiological properties difficult. In this work we demonstrate a curvature correction method that removes this artifact and recovers the underlying data, without the necessity of measuring the object's shape. This method is applicable to many optical imaging modalities that suffer from shape-based intensity biases. By separating the spatially varying data (e.g., physiological changes) from the background signal (dc component), we show that the curvature can be extracted by either averaging or fitting the rows and columns of the images. Numerical simulations show that our method is equivalent to directly removing the curvature, when the object's shape is known, and accurately recovers the underlying data. Experiments on phantoms validate the numerical results and show that for a given image with 16.5% error due to curvature, the method reduces that error to 1.2%. Finally, diffuse multispectral images are acquired on forearms in vivo. We demonstrate the enhancement in image quality on intensity images, and consequently on reconstruction results of blood volume and oxygenation distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana M Kainerstorfer
- National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics (PPITS/SAFB), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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93
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Kobayashi H, Ogawa M, Alford R, Choyke PL, Urano Y. New strategies for fluorescent probe design in medical diagnostic imaging. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2620-40. [PMID: 20000749 PMCID: PMC3241938 DOI: 10.1021/cr900263j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1517] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, USA.
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94
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In vivo imaging of xenograft tumors using an epidermal growth factor receptor-specific affibody molecule labeled with a near-infrared fluorophore. Neoplasia 2010; 12:139-49. [PMID: 20126472 DOI: 10.1593/neo.91446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is associated with many types of cancers. It is of great interest to noninvasively image the EGFR expression in vivo. In this study, we labeled an EGFR-specific Affibody molecule (Eaff) with a near-infrared (NIR) dye IRDye800CW maleimide and tested the binding of this labeled molecule (Eaff800) in cell culture and xenograft mouse tumor models. Unlike EGF, Eaff did not activate the EGFR signaling pathway. Results showed that Eaff800 was bound and taken up specifically by EGFR-overexpressing A431 cells. When Eaff800 was intravenously injected into nude mice bearing A431 xenograft tumors, the tumor could be identified 1 hour after injection and it became most prominent after 1 day. Images of dissected tissue sections demonstrated that the accumulation of Eaff800 was highest in the liver, followed by the tumor and kidney. Moreover, in combination with a human EGFR type 2 (HER2)-specific probe Haff682, Eaff800 could be used to distinguish between EGFR- and HER2-overexpressing tumors. Interestingly, the organ distribution pattern and the clearance rate of Eaff800 were different from those of Haff682. In conclusion, Eaff molecule labeled with a NIR fluorophore is a promising molecular imaging agent for EGFR-overexpressing tumors.
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95
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Measurement of the distribution of aerosols among mouse lobes by fluorescent imaging. Anal Biochem 2010; 403:88-93. [PMID: 20382107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung samples were prepared to investigate the perturbing effects of light absorption for quantifying the fluorescence signal of aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid (AlPCS). Standard solutions of known concentration and depth were imaged with different exposure times and analyzed. The intensity was found to be a linear function of concentration, depth, exposure time, and area. Mice were exposed to an aerosol of AlPCS with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 390 nm and geometric standard deviation of 1.8. Images of intact lung lobes and lung homogenates were obtained and then analyzed to allow quantifying the concentration of AlPCS among the lung lobes and trachea. For the distribution of aerosols, the results indicate that the concentration was uniform among the different lobes. Combining the quantitative analysis of the concentration with image analysis of the area/thickness, the mass deposited in each lobe was readily determined. This approach provides a quantitative means to determine the selectivity of drug delivery to mouse lower respiratory tract.
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96
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Gompels LL, Lim NH, Vincent T, Paleolog EM. In vivo optical imaging in arthritis--an enlightening future? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 49:1436-46. [PMID: 20338885 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo molecular optical imaging has significant potential to delineate and measure, at the macroscopic level, in vivo biological processes that are occurring at the cellular and molecular level. Optical imaging has already been developed for in vitro and ex vivo applications in molecular and cellular biology (e.g. fluorescence confocal microscopy), but is still at an early stage of development as a whole-animal in vivo imaging technique. Both sensitivity and spatial resolution remain incompletely defined. Rapid advances in hardware technology and highly innovative reporter probes and dyes will be expected to deliver significant insight into perturbations of molecular pathways that occur in disease, ultimately with the potential of translating into future molecular imaging techniques for patients with arthritis. This review will focus on currently available technologies for live in vivo animal optical imaging, including fluorescence reflectance imaging, potential novel tomographic techniques, bioluminescence reporter technology and potential novel labelling techniques, highlighting in particular the potential application of in vivo fluorescence imaging in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke L Gompels
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, 65 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, UK.
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97
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Du XM, Yan Y, Bai ZL, Zhang JP, Wang Z, Liu LL, Feng LJ. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of a two photon absorbing fluorescence compound on human HepG2 cells and its application to tracking human hepatic cancer cells in mice. Biotech Histochem 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/10520290903149588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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98
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Pauli J, Brehm R, Spieles M, Kaiser WA, Hilger I, Resch-Genger U. Novel fluorophores as building blocks for optical probes for in vivo near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging. J Fluoresc 2010; 20:681-93. [PMID: 20213244 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at the identification of new fluorescent reporters for targeted optical probes, we assessed the application-relevant features of a novel asymmetric cyanine, DY-681, in comparison to the only clinically approved dye indocyanine green (ICG), the golden imaging standard Cy5.5, and the asymmetric cyanine DY-676 successfully exploited by us for the design of different contrast agents. This comparison included the analysis of the spectroscopic properties of the free fluorophores and their thermal stability in aqueous solution as well as their cytotoxic potential. In addition, the absorption and emission features of IgG-conjugated DY-681 were examined. The trimethine DY-681 exhibited spectral features closely resembling that of the pentamethine Cy5.5. Its high thermal stability in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution in conjunction with its low cytotoxicity, reaching similar values as determined for Cy5.5 and DY-676, renders this dye more attractive as ICG and, due to its improved fluorescence quantum yield in PBS, also superior to DY-676. Although in PBS, Cy5.5 was still more fluorescent, the fluorescence quantum yields (Phi(f)) of DY-681 and Cy5.5 in PBS containing 5 mass-% bovine serum albumin (BSA) were comparable. Labeling experiments with DY-681 and the model antibody IgG revealed promisingly high Phi(f) values of the bioconjugated dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Pauli
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Division I.5, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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99
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Agnihotri P, Fazel-Rezai R, Kaabouch N. Comparative analysis of various brain imaging techniques. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2010; 2010:3029-3032. [PMID: 21095727 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2010.5626144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The bio-imaging techniques have widespread applications from diagnosing diseases to investigating the body tissues at the cells level. Traditionally, these techniques were used mainly in the orthopedic treatment. However, with the development of infrared cameras, ultrasound, and radio wave technology, they are used in different medical fields such as cardiovascular analysis, neurological treatment and infant care. This paper reviews the common bio-imaging techniques used in the brain imaging and compares them based on resolution, contrast, biological risks involved, and price.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Agnihotri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 53203, USA.
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100
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Abstract
The recognition that the successful clinical use of MMP inhibitors will require quantitative correlation of MMP activity with disease type, and to disease progression, has stimulated intensive effort toward the development of sensitive assay methods, improved analytical methods for the determination of the structural profile for MMP-sub-type inhibition, and the development of new methods for the determination - in both quantitative and qualitative terms - of MMP activity. This chapter reviews recent progress toward these objectives, with particular emphasis on the quantitative and qualitative profiling of MMP activity in cells and tissues. Quantitative determination of MMP activity is made from the concentration of the MMP from the tissue, using immobilization of a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor on a chromatography resin. Active MMP, to the exclusion of MMP zymogens and endogenous TIMP-inhibited MMPs, is retained on the column. Characterization of the MMP sub-type(s) follows from appropriate analysis of the active MMP eluted from the resin. Qualitative determination of MMP involvement in disease can be made using an MMP sub-type-selective inhibitor. The proof of principle, with respect to this qualitative determination of the disease involvement of the gelatinase MMP-2 and MMP-9 sub-types, is provided by the class of thiirane-based MMP mechanism-based inhibitors (SB-3CT as the prototype). Positive outcomes in animal models of disease having MMP-2 and/or -9 dependency follow administration of this MMP inhibitor, whereas this inhibitor is inactive in disease models where other MMPs (such as MMP-14) are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Walther Cancer Research Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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