51
|
Characterization of a chymotrypsin-like enzyme from Trichinella spiralis and its facilitation of larva penetration into the host's enteral epithelial cells. Res Vet Sci 2020; 128:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
52
|
Cui J, Han Y, Yue X, Liu F, Song YY, Yan SW, Lei JJ, Zhang X, Jiang P, Wang ZQ. Vaccination of mice with a recombinant novel cathepsin B inhibits Trichinella spiralis development, reduces the fecundity and worm burden. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:581. [PMID: 31829230 PMCID: PMC6907330 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichinella spiralis is a major zoonotic tissue-dwelling nematode, which is a public health concern and a serious hazard to animal food safety. It is necessary to exploit an anti-Trichinella vaccine to interrupt the transmission of Trichinella infection among animals and from animals to humans. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the novel T. spiralis cathepsin B (TsCB) and to evaluate the immune protection elicited by immunization with recombinant TsCB (rTsCB). METHODS The complete cDNA sequences of the TsCB gene were cloned, expressed and purified. The antigenicity of rTsCB was investigated by western blot analysis and ELISA. Transcription and expression of TsCB at various T. spiralis life-cycle stages were analyzed by RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescent assay (IIFA). The mice were subcutaneously immunized with rTsCB, and serum level of TsCB-specific IgG (IgG1 and IgG2a) and IgE antibodies were assayed by ELISA. Immune protection elicited by vaccination with rTsCB was investigated. RESULTS The TsCB was transcribed and expressed in four T. spiralis life-cycle stages (adult worm, AW; newborn larvae, NBL; muscle larvae, ML; and intestinal infective L1 larvae), it was primarily located in the cuticle and stichosome of the parasitic nematode. Vaccination of mice with rTsCB produced a prominent antibody response (high level of specific IgG and IgE) and immune protection, as demonstrated by a 52.81% AW burden reduction of intestines at six days post-infection (dpi) and a 50.90% ML burden reduction of muscles at 35 dpi after oral larva challenge. The TsCB-specific antibody response elicited by immunization with rTsCB also impeded intestinal worm growth and decreased the female fecundity. CONCLUSIONS TsCB might be considered as a novel potential molecular target to develop vaccines against T. spiralis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Xin Yue
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Yan Yan Song
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Shu Wei Yan
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Jun Jun Lei
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Jiang P, Zao YJ, Yan SW, Song YY, Yang DM, Dai LY, Liu RD, Zhang X, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Molecular characterization of a Trichinella spiralis enolase and its interaction with the host's plasminogen. Vet Res 2019; 50:106. [PMID: 31806006 PMCID: PMC6894503 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding and activation of host plasminogen (PLG) by worm surface enolases has been verified to participate in parasite invasion, but the role of this processes during Trichinella spiralis infection has not been clarified. Therefore, the expression and immunolocalization of a T. spiralis enolase (TsENO) and its binding activity with PLG were evaluated in this study. Based on the three-dimensional (3D) molecular model of TsENO, the protein interaction between TsENO and human PLG was analysed by the ZDOCK server. The interacting residues were identified after analysis of the protein–protein interface by bioinformatics techniques. The key interacting residues were confirmed by a series of experiments. The qPCR analysis results demonstrated that Ts-eno was transcribed throughout the whole life cycle of T. spiralis. The immunofluorescence assay (IFA) results confirmed that TsENO was distributed on the T. spiralis surface. The binding assays showed that recombinant TsENO (rTsENO) and native TsENO were able to bind PLG. Four lysine residues (90, 289, 291 and 300) of TsENO were considered to be active residues for PLG interaction. The quadruple mutant (Lys90Ala + Lys289Ala + Lys291Ala + Lys300Ala) TsENO, in which the key lysine residues were substituted with alanine (Ala) residues, exhibited a reduction in PLG binding of nearly 50% (45.37%). These results revealed that TsENO has strong binding activity with human PLG. The four lysine residues (90, 289, 291 and 300) of TsENO play an important role in PLG binding and could accelerate PLG activation and invasion of the host’s intestinal wall by T. spiralis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - You Jiao Zao
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shu Wei Yan
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yan Yan Song
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Dong Min Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Li Yuan Dai
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Ren HN, Liu RD, Song YY, Zhuo TX, Guo KX, Zhang Y, Jiang P, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of molting-related proteins of Trichinella spiralis intestinal infective larvae. Vet Res 2019; 50:70. [PMID: 31547875 PMCID: PMC6757440 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molting is a key step for body-size expansion and environmental adaptation of parasitic nematodes, and it is extremely important for Trichinella spiralis growth and development, but the molting mechanism is not fully understood. In this work, label-free LC-MS/MS was used to determine the proteome differences between T. spiralis muscle larvae (ML) at the encapsulated stage and intestinal infective larvae (IIL) at the molting stage. The results showed that a total of 2885 T. spiralis proteins were identified, 323 of which were differentially expressed. These proteins were involved in cuticle structural elements, regulation of cuticle synthesis, remodeling and degradation, and hormonal regulation of molting. These differential proteins were also involved in diverse intracellular pathways, such as fatty acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, and mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis. qPCR results showed that five T. spiralis genes (cuticle collagen 14, putative DOMON domain-containing protein, glutamine synthetase, cathepsin F and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase) had significantly higher transcriptional levels in 10 h IIL than ML (P < 0.05), which were similar to their protein expression levels, suggesting that they might be T. spiralis molting-related genes. Identification and characterization of T. spiralis molting-related proteins will be helpful for developing vaccines and new drugs against the early enteral stage of T. spiralis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Nan Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yan Yan Song
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Tong Xu Zhuo
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kai Xia Guo
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Chen KY, Lu PJ, Cheng CJ, Jhan KY, Yeh SC, Wang LC. Proteomic analysis of excretory-secretory products from young adults of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019; 114:e180556. [PMID: 31241649 PMCID: PMC6594673 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiostrongyliasis is caused by the nematode Angiostrongylus
cantonensis and can lead to eosinophilic meningitis and
meningoencephalitis in humans. The young adult worms play central pathogenic
roles in the central nervous system (CNS); however, the underlying mechanism
is unclear. Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) are good investigation
targets for studying the relationship between a host and its parasite. OBJECTIVES We aimed to profile, identify, and characterise the proteins in the ESPs of
A. cantonensis young adults. METHODS The ESPs of young adult worms were collected from culture medium after
incubation ranging from 24 to 96 h. Proteomic and bioinformatics analyses
were performed to characterise the ESPs. FINDINGS A total of 51 spots were identified, and the highly expressed proteins
included two protein disulphide isomerases, one calreticulin, and three
uncharacterised proteins. Subsequently, approximately 254 proteins were
identified in the ESPs of A. cantonensis young adults via
liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, and these were
further classified according to their characteristics and biological
functions. Finally, we identified the immunoreactive proteins from a
reference map of ESPs from A. cantonensis young adults.
Approximately eight proteins were identified, including a protein disulphide
isomerase, a putative aspartic protease, annexin, and five uncharacterised
proteins. The study established and identified protein reference maps for
the ESPs of A. cantonensis young adults. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The identified proteins may be potential targets for the development of
diagnostic or therapeutic agents for human angiostrongyliasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yao Chen
- China Medical University, School of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jhen Lu
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ju Cheng
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Jhan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chien Yeh
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Chen Wang
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Infectious Disease Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
In vitro silencing of a serine protease inhibitor suppresses Trichinella spiralis invasion, development, and fecundity. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2247-2255. [PMID: 31081529 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, immunoproteomics was used to identify a serine protease inhibitor (TsSPI) of T. spiralis excretory/secretory (ES) proteins that exhibited an inhibitory effect on trypsin enzymatic activity, but the precise role of TsSPI on worm infection and development in its host is not well understood. The objective of the present study was to use RNA interference to ascertain the function of TsSPI in larval invasion and growth. TsSPI-specific small interference RNAs (siRNAs) were delivered to muscle larvae (ML) to silence TsSPI expression by electroporation. Four days after electroporation, the ML transfected with 2 μM siRNA-653 exhibited a 75.75% decrease in TsSPI transcription and a 69.23% decrease in TsSPI expression compared with control ML. Although the silencing of TsSPI expression did not decrease worm viability, it significantly suppressed the larval invasion of intestinal epithelium cells (IEC) (P < 0.01), and the suppression was siRNA dose-dependent (r = 0.981). The infection of mice with siRNA-653-treated ML produced a 63.71% reduction of adult worms and a 72.38% reduction of muscle larvae. In addition, the length of the adults, newborn larvae, and ML and the fecundity of female T. spiralis from mice infected with siRNA-treated ML were obviously reduced relative to those in the control siRNA or PBS groups. These results indicated that the silencing of TsSPI by RNAi suppressed larval invasion and development and decreased female fecundity, further confirming that TsSPI plays a crucial role during the T. spiralis lifecycle and is a promising molecular target for anti-Trichinella vaccines.
Collapse
|
57
|
Sun GG, Lei JJ, Ren HN, Zhang Y, Guo KX, Long SR, Liu RD, Jiang P, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Intranasal immunization with recombinant Trichinella spiralis serine protease elicits protective immunity in BALB/c mice. Exp Parasitol 2019; 201:1-10. [PMID: 31004570 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe the intestinal mucosal/systemic responses triggered by intranasal vaccination using recombinant Trichinella spiralis serine protease (rTsSP) and its capacity to elicit immune protection against larva challenge in a murine model. rTsSP coupled with cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) was used to vaccinate mice via intranasal route. The results revealed that intranasal vaccination with rTsSP plus CTB elicited significantly intestinal local sIgA response and a TsSP-specific systemic antibody response in vaccinated mice. Furthermore, more goblet cells/acidic mucins and IgA-secreting cells were observed in jejunum from vaccinated mice. Anti-rTsSP immune serum strongly recognized the cuticle of various worm stages (muscle larva, intestinal infective larva and adult worm). The level of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 of rTsSP-vaccinated mice was significantly elevated relative to CTB and PBS control groups. The vaccinated mice exhibited a 71.10% adult reduction at 9 days pi and a 62.10% muscle larva reduction at 42 days pi following larva challenge. Additionally, vaccination with rTsSP also dampened intestinal T. spiralis development and decreased the female fecundity. Our results showed that intranasal vaccination using rTsSP adjuvanted with CTB triggered significantly local sIgA response and systemic concurrent Th1/Th2 response that induced an obvious protection against Trichinella infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Ge Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Jun Jun Lei
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Hua Nan Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Kai Xia Guo
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Shao Rong Long
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Wang T, Ma G, Ang CS, Korhonen PK, Xu R, Nie S, Koehler AV, Simpson RJ, Greening DW, Reid GE, Williamson NA, Gasser RB. Somatic proteome of Haemonchus contortus. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:311-320. [PMID: 30771357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is a dearth of proteomic data to underpin fundamental investigations of parasites and parasitism at the molecular level. Here, using a high throughput LC-MS/MS-based approach, we undertook the first reported comprehensive, large-scale proteomic investigation of the barber's pole worm (Haemonchus contortus) - one of the most important parasitic nematodes of livestock animals worldwide. In total, 2487 unique H. contortus proteins representing different developmental stages/sexes (i.e. eggs, L3s and L4s, female (Af) and male (Am) adults) were identified and quantified with high confidence. Bioinformatic analyses of this proteome revealed substantial alterations in protein profiles during the life cycle, particularly in the transition from the free-living to the parasitic phase, and key groups of proteins involved specifically in feeding, digestion, metabolism, development, parasite-host interactions (including immunomodulation), structural remodelling of the body wall and adaptive processes during parasitism. This proteomic data set will facilitate future molecular, biochemical and physiological investigations of H. contortus and related nematodes, and the discovery of novel intervention targets against haemonchosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Guangxu Ma
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Pasi K Korhonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Shuai Nie
- Bio21 Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anson V Koehler
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Gavin E Reid
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute. The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Williamson
- Bio21 Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Ren HN, Guo KX, Zhang Y, Sun GG, Liu RD, Jiang P, Zhang X, Wang L, Cui J, Wang ZQ. Molecular characterization of a 31 kDa protein from Trichinella spiralis and its induced immune protection in BALB/c mice. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:625. [PMID: 30518426 PMCID: PMC6282284 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trichinella spiralis is an important foodborne zoonotic parasite and it is necessary to develop a vaccine in order to interrupt transmission from animals to humans. A 31 kDa protein from T. spiralis (Ts31) is an antigen targeted by protective antibodies, and Ts31 contains a domain of trypsin-like serine protease that might have the function of serine protease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular characteristics of Ts31 and its induced immune protection. Methods Expression and localization of Ts31 in various T. spiralis phases were investigated using qPCR and immunofluorescent test (IFT). The specific binding between Ts31 and intestinal epithelium cells (IECs) was analyzed by Far-Western blotting, ELISA and IFT, and the cellular localization of binding sites was examined on confocal microscopy. The mice were subcutaneously vaccinated with recombinant Ts31 protein (rTs31), serum specific IgG was determined by ELISA, and immune protection induced by immunization with rTs31 was evaluated. Inhibition of anti-rTs31 IgG on IL1 invasion of IECs and ADCC-mediated killing of newborn larvae (NBL) was also determined. Results Ts31 was expressed at different life-cycle stages and located principally at the stichosome and cuticle of this parasite. rTs31 was capable to specially bond to IECs, and binding site was located in the cytoplasm of IECs. Immunization of mice with rTs31 elicited a significant humoral response and protection, as demonstrated by a 56.93% reduction of adult worms at 6 days post-infection (dpi) and a 53.50% reduction of muscle larvae at 42 dpi after larval challenge. Anti-rTs31 antibodies impeded T. spiralis penetration of enterocytes in a dose-dependent pattern, and participated in the destruction of NBL by an ADCC-mediated manner. Conclusions Ts31 facilitated the T. spiralis penetration of intestinal epithelium, which could make it a vaccine candidate target molecule against Trichinella infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Nan Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Xia Guo
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Ge Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnostic Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Qi X, Han Y, Jiang P, Yue X, Ren HN, Sun GG, Long SR, Yu C, Cheng XC, Cui J, Wang ZQ. Oral vaccination with Trichinella spiralis DNase II DNA vaccine delivered by attenuated Salmonella induces a protective immunity in BALB/c mice. Vet Res 2018; 49:119. [PMID: 30518422 PMCID: PMC6280372 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichinellosis is one of the most serious foodborne parasitic zoonosis with worldwide distribution, and it is necessary to develop a vaccine to interrupt transmission from animals to humans. Trichinella spiralis adult-specific DNase II-1 (TsDNase II) were identified by immunoproteomics in surface or excretory/secretory proteins of adult worms (AW) and intestinal infective larvae (IIL). The aim of this study was to investigate the systemic, mucosal responses and immune protection elicited by oral vaccination with TsDNase II DNA vaccine delivered by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain⊿cyaSL1344. Oral vaccination with TsDNase II DNA vaccine triggered an obvious mucosal sIgA response and a systemic IgG response in mice, and IgG1 was predominant. Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, 10) cytokines were distinctly increased in the spleen and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells of vaccinated mice. An indirect immunofluorescent test revealed that native TsDNase II is present at the cuticle of this nematode after the 2nd molting, further confirming that TsDNase II is adult-specific and expressed at AW and pre-adult stages. Oral immunization of mice with TsDNase II exhibited a 53.85% reduction in AW and a 59.26% reduction in ML after larval challenge. The in vitro NBL production of adult females from TsDNase II-vaccinated mice was also reduced in comparison with pcDNA3.1 or the PBS control group (P < 0.01). Our results show that oral immunization of mice with TsDNase II produced an intestinal and systematic concurrent Th1/Th2 immune response, and a significant immune protection against challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xin Yue
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hua Nan Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ge Ge Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shao Rong Long
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Xiang Chao Cheng
- Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Grzelak S, Moskwa B, Bień J. Trichinella britovi muscle larvae and adult worms: stage-specific and common antigens detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based immunoblotting. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:584. [PMID: 30419953 PMCID: PMC6233509 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trichinella britovi is the second most common species of Trichinella that may affect human health. As an early diagnosis of trichinellosis is crucial for effective treatment, it is important to identify sensitive, specific and common antigens of adult T. britovi worms and muscle larvae. The present study was undertaken to uncover the stage-specific and common proteins of T. britovi that may be used in specific diagnostics. Methods Somatic extracts obtained from two developmental stages, muscle larvae (ML) and adult worms (Ad), were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with immunoblot analysis. The positively-visualized protein spots specific for each stage were identified through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-LC/MS). Results A total of 272 spots were detected in the proteome of T. britovi adult worms (Ad) and 261 in the muscle larvae (ML). The somatic extracts from Ad and ML were specifically recognized by T. britovi-infected swine sera at 10 days post infection (dpi) and 60 dpi, with a total of 70 prominent protein spots. According to immunoblotting patterns and LC-MS/MS results, the immunogenic spots recognized by different pig T. britovi-infected sera were divided into three groups for the two developmental stages: adult stage-specific proteins, muscle larvae stage-specific proteins, and proteins common to both stages. Forty-five Ad proteins (29 Ad-specific and 16 common) and thirteen ML proteins (nine ML-specific and four common) cross-reacted with sera at 10 dpi. Many of the proteins identified in Ad (myosin-4, myosin light chain kinase, paramyosin, intermediate filament protein B, actin-depolymerizing factor 1 and calreticulin) are involved in structural and motor activity. Among the most abundant proteins identified in ML were 14-3-3 protein zeta, actin-5C, ATP synthase subunit d, deoxyribonuclease-2-alpha, poly-cysteine and histide-tailed protein, enolase, V-type proton ATPase catalytic and serine protease 30. Heat-shock protein, intermediate filament protein ifa-1 and intermediate filament protein B were identified in both proteomes. Conclusions To our knowledge, this study represents the first immunoproteomic identification of the antigenic proteins of adult worms and muscle larvae of T. britovi. Our results provide a valuable basis for the development of diagnostic methods. The identification of common components for the two developmental stages of T. britovi may be useful in the preparation of parasitic antigens in recombinant forms for diagnostic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Grzelak
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Moskwa
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Bień
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Qi X, Yue X, Han Y, Jiang P, Yang F, Lei JJ, Liu RD, Zhang X, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Characterization of Two Trichinella spiralis Adult-Specific DNase II and Their Capacity to Induce Protective Immunity. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2504. [PMID: 30455671 PMCID: PMC6230719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II) is a widespread endonuclease, which can degrade the DNA. Trichinella spiralis adult-specific DNase II-1 (TsDNase II-1) and DNase II-7 (TsDNase II-7) were identified in excretory-secretory (ES) or surface proteins of adult worm (AW) and intestinal infective larvae (IIL) using immunoproteomics with early infection sera. The aim of this study was to characterize the two T. spiralis DNase II enzymes and to investigate their role as potential vaccine candidate target molecules. The cDNA sequences of the two DNase II enzymes from 3 days old AWs of T. spiralis were cloned and expressed. The sequencing results showed that the complete cDNA sequences of the two DNase II enzymes were 1221 and 1161 bp long, and the predicted open reading frames encoded 347 and 348 amino acids, respectively. On Western blot analysis, natural TsDNase II-1 and TsDNase II-7 in the crude extracts of IIL, AWs, and newborn larvae (NBL) and AW ES proteins were recognized by both anti-rTsDNase II-1 and anti-rTsDNase II-7 sera. Indirect immunofluorescence test and qPCR showed that the two DNase II enzymes were highly expressed at AW and NBL stages and were mainly located at the cuticle and stichosome of the nematode. Vaccination with the two recombinant DNase II enzymes triggered prominent humoral responses that exhibited significant immune protection against T. spiralis larval infection, as demonstrated by the notable reduction in intestinal AW and muscle larva burdens. Specific antibodies to the two molecules evidently inhibited the in vitro parasite invasion of enterocytes and participated in the killing of NBL by an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) mode. The enzymes DNase II-1 and DNase II-7 are the potential target molecules for anti-Trichinella vaccine for blocking both larval invasion and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhong Q. Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Li JF, Guo KX, Qi X, Lei JJ, Han Y, Yan SW, Jiang P, Yu C, Cheng XC, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Protective immunity against Trichinella spiralis in mice elicited by oral vaccination with attenuated Salmonella-delivered TsSP1.2 DNA. Vet Res 2018; 49:87. [PMID: 30189894 PMCID: PMC6127904 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a worldwide important food-borne zoonosis caused mainly by ingesting raw or undercooked pork infected with Trichinella spiralis larvae. The development of vaccine is needed for preventing swine from Trichinella infection to ensure pork safety. Previous studies showed that T. spiralis serine protease 1.2 (TsSP1.2) is a vaccine candidate against Trichinella infection. In this study, the complete TsSP1.2 cDNA sequences were cloned into pcDNA3.1, and the rTsSP1.2 DNA was transformed into attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain ΔcyaSL1344. Oral vaccination of mice with Salmonella-delivered rTsSP1.2 DNA vaccine induced an obvious intestinal mucosal IgA response and a systemic Th1/Th2 immune response; the vaccinated mice showed a 33.45% reduction of intestinal adult worms and 71.84% reduction of muscle larvae after T. spiralis larval challenge. The protection might be due to the rTsSP1.2-induced production of specific anti-TsSP1.2 sIgA, IgG, IgG1/IgG2a, and secretion of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10, which protected intestinal mucosa from the parasite invasion, inhibited worm development and reduced female fecundity. The results indicate that the attenuated Salmonella-delivered rTsSP1.2 DNA vaccine offers a prospective strategy for the prevention and control of animal Trichinella infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng Li
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kai Xia Guo
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jun Jun Lei
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shu Wei Yan
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Xiang Chao Cheng
- Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Song YY, Zhang Y, Ren HN, Sun GG, Qi X, Yang F, Jiang P, Zhang X, Cui J, Wang ZQ. Characterization of a serine protease inhibitor from Trichinella spiralis and its participation in larval invasion of host's intestinal epithelial cells. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:499. [PMID: 30189888 PMCID: PMC6127903 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trichinella spiralis serine protease inhibitor (TsSPI) was identified in ES proteins of adult worms (AW), the TsSPI gene was highly expressed at enteral stage worms (AW and newborn larvae), distributed mainly in the cuticle and stichosome of this nematode. Vaccination of mice with rTsSPI exhibited a 62.2% reduction of intestinal AW and a 57.25% reduction of muscle larvae after larval challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological characteristics of TsSPI and its roles in the process of T. spiralis invasion of host’s intestinal epithelium cells (IECs). Methods The rTsSPI inhibition on trypsin enzymatic activity was detected by SDS-PAGE and spectrophotometry. The binding of rTsSPI with intestinal epithelium from normal mice and the primary cultured mouse intestinal epithelium cells (IECs) was examined by indirect immunofluorescent (IIF), the cellular localization of rTsSPI binding to IECs was observed by confocal microscopy. The inhibition of anti-rTsSPI serum on T. spiralis invasion of IECs was determined by an in vitro invasion assay. Anti-rTsSPI antibody cytotoxicity on the newborn larvae (NBL) was also determined. Results The rTsSPI had the inhibitory activity against porcine trypsin. The rTsSPI specifically bound to the intestinal epithelium from normal mice and primary cultured mouse IECs, and the binding sites were located in IEC membrane and cytoplasm. Anti-rTsSPI antibodies depressed the larval invasion of IECs with a dose-dependent mode. Anti-rTsSPI antibodies also participated in the destruction of T. spiralis NBL via an ADCC-mediated manner. Conclusions TsSPI might participate in the T. spiralis larval invasion of IECs and it is likely the potential vaccine target against T. spiralis enteral stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan Song
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Nan Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Ge Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Peng RY, Ren HJ, Zhang CL, Lv P, Wei GH, Ming L. Comparative proteomics analysis of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae exposed to albendazole sulfoxide stress. Acta Trop 2018; 185:183-192. [PMID: 29287759 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The drug albendazole (ABZ) has a positive effect against Trichinella spiralis infection and has been used for the treatment and prevention of trichinellosis in humans and animals. However, the molecular mechanism ofthe effects of ABZ on T. spiralis remains unknown. Albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO) is the main intermediary metabolic product of ABZ, and it is often used as a substitute for ABZ in metabolism and bioavailability research. Herein, isobaric tagging reagents for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based LC-MS/MS analysis was used to identify the effect of ABZSO on the proteome of T. spiralis muscle larvae in vitro. 3795 proteins were quantified from 22974 unique peptides. Comparative proteomics analysis displayed that 417 proteins were remarkably differentially expressed in ABZSO-treated larvae, of which 213 proteins were up-regulated and 204 proteins were down-regulated. Quantitative real-time PCR of ten randomly-selected genes verified the proteomic data. Gene ontology annotation and KEGG pathway analysis showed that most of the differentially expressed proteins were involved in cell apoptosis, signal pathway, amino acid metabolism, protein synthesis/assembly/degradation and other biological processes. This study firstly provided the comprehensive proteomics data of T. spiralis in response to ABZSO, and would help us to deeply understand the molecular mechanism of ABZSO effects on T. spiralis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Yu Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hui Jun Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chun Li Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Pin Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Gao Hui Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Liang Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Xu J, Yang F, Yang DQ, Jiang P, Liu RD, Zhang X, Cui J, Wang ZQ. Molecular characterization of Trichinella spiralis galectin and its participation in larval invasion of host's intestinal epithelial cells. Vet Res 2018; 49:79. [PMID: 30068382 PMCID: PMC6071371 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to study the molecular characteristics of Trichinella spiralis galectin (Tsgal) and interactions between Tsgal and host's intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The functional domain of Tsgal was cloned and expressed in an E. coli system. The Tsgal was 97.1% identity to the galectin of T. nativa and 20.8% identity to the galectin-8 of humans. Conserved domain analysis revealed that Tsgal belongs to TR-type galectin and has two carbon recognized domain. The rTsgal with 29.1 kDa could be recognized by T. spiralis-infected mice at 42 days post-infection (dpi). The transcription and expression of Tsgal gene was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting in all T. spiralis developmental stages (intestinal infective larvae, adult worms, newborn larvae, and muscle larvae). The IFA results revealed that Tsgal was mainly located at the cuticles and stichosomes of T. spiralis larvae (ML, IIL and NBL). The rTsgal had hemagglutinating function for erythrocytes from human, rabbit and mouse. The results of Far Western blot and confocal microscopy indicated there was specific binding between rTsgal and IECs, and the binding was located the membrane and cytoplasm of the IECs. Out of four sugars (sucrose, glucose, lactose and maltose), only lactose was able to inhibit the rTsgal agglutinating role for human type B erythrocytes. Moreover, the rTsgal could promote the larval invasion of IECs, while the anti-rTsgal serum inhibited the larval invasion. These results demonstrated that Tsgal might participate in the T. spiralis invasion of intestinal epithelium in early infection stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Da Qi Yang
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Sun GG, Ren HN, Liu RD, Song YY, Qi X, Hu CX, Yang F, Jiang P, Zhang X, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Molecular characterization of a putative serine protease from Trichinella spiralis and its elicited immune protection. Vet Res 2018; 49:59. [PMID: 30001738 PMCID: PMC6043985 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous work, a Trichinella spiralis putative serine protease (TsSP) was identified from ES products of T. spiralis intestinal infective larvae (IIL) and adult worms (AW) by immunoproteomics: it was highly expressed in IIL compared with muscle larvae (ML). In this study, the TsSP biological characteristics in larval invasion and growth were identified and its potential as a vaccine target against Trichinella infection were investigated. Expression of TsSP at various developmental phases (newborn larvae, ML, IIL, and AW) was detected by qPCR, immunofluorescent test and Western blotting. The rTsSP could specifically bind to the intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) membrane and enter into the cytoplasm. Anti-rTsSP serum suppressed the larval invasion of enterocytes in a dose-dependent mode, and killed newborn and ML of T. spiralis, decreased larval infectivity and development in the host by an ADCC-mediated mechanism. Immunization of mice with rTsSP produced a Th2 predominant immune response, and resulted in a 52.70% reduction of adult worms at 5 days post-infection (dpi) and a 52.10% reduction of muscle larvae at 42 dpi. The results revealed there was an interaction between TsSP and the host’s IEC; TsSP might be a pivotal protein for the invading, growing and parasiting of this nematode in the host. Vaccination of mice with rTsSP elicited immune protection, and TsSP is a potential target molecule for vaccines against enteral Trichinella infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Ge Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hua Nan Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yan Yan Song
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chen Xi Hu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Song YY, Zhang Y, Yang D, Ren HN, Sun GG, Jiang P, Liu RD, Zhang X, Cui J, Wang ZQ. The Immune Protection Induced by a Serine Protease Inhibitor From the Foodborne Parasite Trichinella spiralis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1544. [PMID: 30050521 PMCID: PMC6050375 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (SPI) are a superfamily of the proteins able to suppress serine protease activity, and may exert the major biological function in complement activation, inflammation, and fibrinolysis. A SPI was identified from Trichinella spiralis adult worms (AW) by immunoproteomics with early infection sera. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective immune elicited by TsSPI. The complete TsSPI cDNA sequence was cloned into pQE-80 L and then expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The rTsSPI was purified and its antigenicity was determined by Western blotting analysis. By using anti-rTsSPI serum the native TsSPI was identified in somatic and ES proteins from muscle larvae (ML). The results of qPCR and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) revealed that the expression of the TsSPI gene was observed throughout all developmental stages of T. spiralis (ML, intestinal infective larvale, 3- and 6-days AW, and newborn larvae, NBL), located principally in cuticles, stichosome, and embryos of this parasitic nematode. Vaccination of mice with rTsSPI triggered high level of anti-TsSPI IgG response, and showed a 62.2 and 57.25% worm burden reduction in the recovery of intestinal AW at 6 days post-infection (dpi) and ML at 35 dpi, respectively. The TsSPI might be a novel potential target for anti-Trichinella vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Y Song
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Daqi Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua N Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge G Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruo D Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong Q Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Zhang N, Li W, Fu B. Vaccines against Trichinella spiralis: Progress, challenges and future prospects. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1447-1458. [PMID: 29873198 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis, the causative agent of trichinellosis, is able to infect a wide range of carnivores and omnivores including human beings. In the past 30 years, a mass of vaccination efforts has been performed to control T. spiralis infection with the purpose of reduction in worm fecundity or decrease in muscle larval and adult burdens. Here, we summarize the development of veterinary vaccines against T. spiralis infection. During recent years, increasing numbers of new vaccine candidates have been developed on the protective immunity against T. spiralis infection in murine model. The vaccine candidates were not only selected from excretory-secretory (ES) antigens, but also from the recombinant functional proteins, such as proteases and some other antigens participated in T. spiralis intracellular processes. However, immunization with a single antigen generally revealed lower protective effects against T. spiralis infection in mice compared to that with the inactivated whole worms or crude extraction and ES productions. Future study of T. spiralis vaccines should focus on evaluation of the protective efficacy of antigens and/or ligands delivered by nanoparticles that could elicit Th2-type immune response on experimental pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nianzhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baoquan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Song YY, Wang LA, Na Ren H, Qi X, Sun GG, Liu RD, Jiang P, Zhang X, Cui J, Wang ZQ. Cloning, expression and characterisation of a cysteine protease from Trichinella spiralis. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2018; 65. [PMID: 29905572 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2018.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine protease is a superfamily of widespread proteolytic enzymes and plays a major role in larval invasion, migration, exsheathing, survival and immune evasion in parasites. In the present study, the gene coding cysteine proteinase of the nematode Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) was cloned into pQE-80L and subsequently expressed in E. coli JM109. The rTsCP was purified and its antigenicity was identified by Western blot and ELISA. Using anti-rTsCP serum the native TsCP was identified in muscle larval crude proteins. The results of quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence test demonstrated that the TsCP was expressed in all stages of T. spiralis and located mainly in cuticle, stichosome and reproductive organs. The immunisation of mice with rTsCP elicited Th2-predominant immune responses. Anti-rTsCP antibodies could partially inhibit the in vitro larval invasion of intestinal epithelial cells and kill the newborn larvae by an antibody-dependent cell-mediated dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The vaccinated mice exhibited a 54% reduction of adults and a 33% reduction of muscle larvae following challenge infection. The results suggested that the TsCP might be an indispensable protein in Trichinella invasion, development and survival of T. spiralis in hosts, and could be a potential vaccine target against infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hua Na Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Ge Ge Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Sun GG, Song YY, Jiang P, Ren HN, Yan SW, Han Y, Liu RD, Zhang X, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Characterization of a Trichinella spiralis putative serine protease. Study of its potential as sero-diagnostic tool. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006485. [PMID: 29758030 PMCID: PMC5967804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trichinellosis is a serious zoonositc parasitosis worldwide. Because its clinical manifestations aren’t specific, the diagnosis of trichinellosis is not easy to be made. Trichinella spiralis muscle larva (ML) excretory–secretory (ES) antigens are the most widely applied diagnostic antigens for human trichinellosis, but the major drawback of the ES antigens for assaying anti-Trichinella antibodies is the false negative in the early Trichinella infection period. The aim of this study was to characterize the T. spiralis putative serine protease (TsSP) and to investigate its potential use for diagnosis of trichinellosis. Methodology/Principal findings The full-length TsSP sequence was cloned and expressed, and recombinant TsSP (rTsSP) was purified by Ni-NTA-Sefinose Column. On Western blotting analysis the rTsSP was recognized by T. spiralis-infected mouse serum, and the natural TsSP was identified in T. spiralis ML crude and ES antigens by using anti-rTsSP serum. Expression of TsSP was detected at various T. spiralis developmental stages (newborn larvae, muscle larvae, intestinal infective larvae and adult worms). Immunolocalization identified the TsSP principally in cuticles and stichosomes of the nematode. The sensitivity of rTsSP-ELISA and ES-ELISA was 98.11% (52/53) and 88.68% (47/53) respectively (P > 0.05) when the sera from trichinellosis patients were examined. However, while twenty-one serum samples of trichinellosis patients’ sera at 19 days post-infection (dpi) were tested, the sensitivity (95.24%) of rTsSP-ELISA was distinctly higher than 71.43% of ES-ELISA (P < 0.05). The specificity (99.53%) of rTsSP-ELISA was remarkably higher than 91.98% of ES-ELISA (P < 0.01). Only one out of 20 serum samples of cysticercosis patients cross-reacted with the rTsSP. Specific anti-Trichinella IgG in infected mice was first detected by rTsSP-ELISA as soon as 7 dpi and antibody positive rate reached 100% on 10 dpi, whereas the ES-ELISA did not permit detection of 100% of infected mice before 16 dpi. Conclusions The rTsSP is a potential early diagnostic antigen for human trichinellosis. Trichinellosis is an important parasitic zoonosis, and has a public health hazard and an economic impact on the safety of animal food. The diagnosis of trichinellosis is difficult and it is often misdiagnosed. There is an evident 2–3 week window stage between clinical manifestations and the anti-Trichinella IgG positive. Serine protease is a superfamily of proteolytic enzymes and exerts a major role in tissue invasion, larval development and survival of the parasites. A T. spiralis putative serine protease (TsSP) was characterized in ES proteins of T. spiralis intestinal infective larvae and adult worms by the immunoproteomics with early infection serum. In this study, the TsSP was expressed and purified. The results revealed that the TsSP was expressed at various T. spiralis stages (newborn larvae, muscle larvae, intestinal infective larvae and adult worms) and it was principally located in cuticle and stichosome of the nematode. The rTsSP was sensitive and specific for detection of anti-Trichinella IgG, and could be regarded as an early diagnostic marker of trichinellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Ge Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yan Song
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hua Na Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wei Yan
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (ZQW); (JC)
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (ZQW); (JC)
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Liu CY, Ren HN, Song YY, Sun GG, Liu RD, Jiang P, Long SR, Zhang X, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Characterization of a putative glutathione S-transferase of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis. Exp Parasitol 2018; 187:59-66. [PMID: 29496524 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the biological characteristics and functions of a putative Trichinella spiralis glutathione S-transferase (TspGST). The results of real-time PCR and immunofluorescent test (IFT) showed that the TspGST gene was expressed at all of T. spiralis different developmental stages (muscle larvae, intestinal infective larvae, adult worms and newborn larvae). When anti-rTspGST serum, mouse infection serum, and pre-immune serum were added to the medium, the inhibition rate of the larvae penetrated into the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) was 25.72%, 49.55%, and 4.51%, respectively (P < 0.01). The inhibition of anti-rTspGST serum on larval invasion of IECs was dose-dependent (P < 0.05). Anti-rTspGST antibodies killed T. spiralis newborn larvae by an ADCC-mediated mechanism. Our results showed that the TspGST seemed to be an indispensable protein for T. spiralis invasion, growth and survival in host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ying Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Hua Na Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Yan Yan Song
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Ge Ge Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Shao Rong Long
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Liu CY, Song YY, Ren HN, Sun GG, Liu RD, Jiang P, Long SR, Zhang X, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Cloning and expression of a Trichinella spiralis putative glutathione S-transferase and its elicited protective immunity against challenge infections. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:448. [PMID: 28962639 PMCID: PMC5622431 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is a widespread multigene family of detoxification enzymes. The vaccination of mice with recombinant GST of 24 kDa from Trichinella spiralis elicited a low immune protection against challenge infection. The objective of this study was to characterize the T. spiralis putative GST gene (TspGST) encoding a 30.8 kDa protein and to evaluate its potential as a candidate antigen for anti-Trichinella vaccine. Methods The full-length cDNA sequence of TspGST from T. spiralis muscle larvae (ML) was expressed in E. coli. The enzymatic activity and antigenicity of the rTspGST were identified by spectrophotometry, Western blot, and ELISA. The expression of TspGST at T. spiralis various stages was investigated by RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescent test (IIFT). Serum level of total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies against rTspGST were measured by ELISA. The immune protection produced by vaccination with rTspGST against T. spiralis was evaluated. Results The sequencing results showed that the cDNA of TspGST was 840 bp, and encoded a protein of 279 amino acids, which had a molecular size of 30.8 kDa and a pI of 5.21. Its amino acid sequence shares 37% similarity with TsGST. The rTspGST protein had enzymatic activity of GST. On Western blot and ELISA analysis, the native TspGST protein with 30.8 kDa in crude antigens derived from adult worms (AW), newborn larvae (NBL), infective intestinal larvae (IIL) and ML was recognized by anti-rTspGST sera, but the ML ES antigens could be not recognized by anti-rTspGST sera. Expression of TspGST was found in all of T. spiralis various stages (AW, NBL, ML, and IIL). An immunolocalization analysis identified TspGST in different stages (mainly in cuticles) of the nematode. The mice vaccinated with the rTspGST elicited Th2-predominant immune responses, showed a 34.38% reduction of adult worms and a 43.70% reduction of muscle larvae. Conclusions Immunization with rTspGST produced a partial immune protection, and the rTspGST could be regarded as a potential candidate target for an anti-Trichinella vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ying Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yan Yan Song
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hua Na Ren
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ge Ge Sun
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shao Rong Long
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Navarrete-Perea J, Isasa M, Paulo JA, Corral-Corral R, Flores-Bautista J, Hernández-Téllez B, Bobes RJ, Fragoso G, Sciutto E, Soberón X, Gygi SP, Laclette JP. Quantitative multiplexed proteomics of Taenia solium cysts obtained from the skeletal muscle and central nervous system of pigs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005962. [PMID: 28945737 PMCID: PMC5634658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In human and porcine cysticercosis caused by the tapeworm Taenia solium, the larval stage (cysts) can infest several tissues including the central nervous system (CNS) and the skeletal muscles (SM). The cyst’s proteomics changes associated with the tissue localization in the host tissues have been poorly studied. Quantitative multiplexed proteomics has the power to evaluate global proteome changes in response to different conditions. Here, using a TMT-multiplexed strategy we identified and quantified over 4,200 proteins in cysts obtained from the SM and CNS of pigs, of which 891 were host proteins. To our knowledge, this is the most extensive intermixing of host and parasite proteins reported for tapeworm infections.Several antigens in cysticercosis, i.e., GP50, paramyosin and a calcium-binding protein were enriched in skeletal muscle cysts. Our results suggested the occurrence of tissue-enriched antigen that could be useful in the improvement of the immunodiagnosis for cysticercosis. Using several algorithms for epitope detection, we selected 42 highly antigenic proteins enriched for each tissue localization of the cysts. Taking into account the fold changes and the antigen/epitope contents, we selected 10 proteins and produced synthetic peptides from the best epitopes. Nine peptides were recognized by serum antibodies of cysticercotic pigs, suggesting that those peptides are antigens. Mixtures of peptides derived from SM and CNS cysts yielded better results than mixtures of peptides derived from a single tissue location, however the identification of the ‘optimal’ tissue-enriched antigens remains to be discovered. Through machine learning technologies, we determined that a reliable immunodiagnostic test for porcine cysticercosis required at least five different antigenic determinants. Human and porcine cysticercosis caused by Taenia solium is a parasite disease still endemic in developing countries. The cysts can be located in different host tissues, including different organs of the central nervous system and the skeletal muscles. The molecular mechanisms associated with the tissue localization of the cysts are not well understood. Here, we described the proteome changes of the cysts obtained from different host tissues from infected pigs using quantitative multiplex proteomics. We explored the diversity of host proteins identified in the cyst’s protein extracts and we also explored the immune-localization of several host-related proteins within the cysts, and propose their possible function. We identified several proteins and antigens enriched for a given tissue localization. Several synthetic peptides designed from these tissue-enriched antigens were tested trough ELISA. Using a combination of peptide mixtures and machine learning technologies we were able to distinguish non cysticercotic and cysticercotic pig’s sera. The tissue-enriched proteins/antigens could be useful for the development of improved immuno-diagnostic tests capable of discriminate the tissue-localization of the cysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Navarrete-Perea
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marta Isasa
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Corral-Corral
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Institute of Cell Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jeanette Flores-Bautista
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Téllez
- Dept. of Tissue and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Raúl J Bobes
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Xavier Soberón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México.,Dept. of Biocatalysis and Cellular Engineering, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelos, México
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Juan P Laclette
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Wang ZQ, Liu RD, Sun GG, Song YY, Jiang P, Zhang X, Cui J. Proteomic Analysis of Trichinella spiralis Adult Worm Excretory-Secretory Proteins Recognized by Sera of Patients with Early Trichinellosis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:986. [PMID: 28620363 PMCID: PMC5449722 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The most commonly used serodiagnostic antigens for trichinellosis are the excretory-secretory (ES) antigens from T. spiralis muscle larvae (ML), but the specific antibodies against the ML ES antigens are usually negative during early stage of Trichinella infection. The recent studies demonstrated that T. spiralis adult worm (AW) antigens were recognized by mouse or swine infection sera on Western blot as early as 7–15 days post-infection (dpi), the AW antigens might contain the early diagnostic markers for trichinellosis. The purpose of this study was to screen early diagnostic antigens in T. spiralis AW ES proteins recognized by sera of early patients with trichinellosis. T. spiralis AW were collected at 72 h post-infection (hpi), and their ES antigens were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Our results showed that 5 protein bands (55, 48–50, 45, 44, and 36 kDa) were recognized by sera of early patients with trichinellosis collected at 19 dpi, and were subjected to shotgun LC–MS/MS and bioinformatics analyses. A total of 185 proteins were identified from T. spiralis protein database, of which 116 (67.2%) proteins had molecular weights of 30∼60 kDa, and 125 (67.6%) proteins with pI 4–7. Bioinformatic analyses showed that the identified proteins have a wide diversity of biological functions (binding of nucleotides, proteins, ions, carbohydrates, and lipids; hydrolase, transferase, and oxidoreductase, etc.). Several enzymes (e.g., adult-specific DNase II, serine protease and serine protease inhibitor) could be the invasion-related proteins and early diagnostic markers for trichinellosis. Moreover, recombinant T. spiralis serine protease (rTsSP-ZH68) was expressed in E. coli and its antigenicity was analyzed by Western blot with the early infection sera. The rTsSP-ZH68 was recognized by sera of infected mice at 8–10 dpi and sera of early patients with trichinellosis at 19 dpi. T. spiralis AW proteins identified in this study, especially serine protease, are the promising early diagnostic antigens and vaccine candidates for trichinellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Q Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Ruo D Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Ge G Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Y Song
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Wang ZQ, Shi YL, Liu RD, Jiang P, Guan YY, Chen YD, Cui J. New insights on serodiagnosis of trichinellosis during window period: early diagnostic antigens from Trichinella spiralis intestinal worms. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:41. [PMID: 28219418 PMCID: PMC5319148 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical diagnosis of trichinellosis is difficult because its clinical manifestations are nonspecific. Detection of anti-Trichinella IgG by ELISA using T. spiralis muscle larval excretory-secretory (ES) antigens is the most commonly used serological method for diagnosis of trichinellosis, but the main disadvantage is false negativity during the early stage of infection. There is an obvious window period between Trichinella infection and antibody positivity. During the intestinal stage of Trichinella infection, the ES antigens of intestinal worms (intestinal infective larvae and adults) are exposed to host’s immune system at the earliest time and elicit the production of specific anti-Trichinella antibodies. Anti-Trichinella IgG antibodies in infected mice were detectable by ELISA with ES antigens of intestinal worms as soon as 8–10 days post infection (dpi), but ELISA with muscle larval ES antigens did not permit detection of infected mice before 12 dpi. Therefore, the new early antigens from T. spiralis intestinal worms should be screened, identified and characterized for early serodiagnosis of trichinellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ya-Li Shi
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Rou-Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ya-Yi Guan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ying-Dan Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Stoltzfus JD, Pilgrim AA, Herbert DR. Perusal of parasitic nematode 'omics in the post-genomic era. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2016; 215:11-22. [PMID: 27887974 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput, next-generation sequencing methods combined with advances in computational biology and bioinformatics have greatly accelerated discovery within biomedical research. This "post-genomics" era has ushered in powerful approaches allowing one to quantify RNA transcript and protein abundance for every gene in the genome - often for multiple conditions. Herein, we chronicle how the post-genomics era has advanced our overall understanding of parasitic nematodes through transcriptomics and proteomics and highlight some of the important advances made in each major nematode clade. We primarily focus on organisms relevant to human health, given that nematode infections significantly impact disability-adjusted life years (DALY) scores within the developing world, but we also discuss organisms of veterinary importance as well as those used as laboratory models. As such, we envision that this review will serve as a comprehensive resource for those seeking a better understanding of basic parasitic nematode biology as well as those interested in targets for vaccination and pharmacological intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Stoltzfus
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, PA, United States.
| | - Adeiye A Pilgrim
- Emory University School of Medicine MD/PhD Program, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - De'Broski R Herbert
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Liu RD, Qi X, Sun GG, Jiang P, Zhang X, Wang LA, Liu XL, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Proteomic analysis of Trichinella spiralis adult worm excretory-secretory proteins recognized by early infection sera. Vet Parasitol 2016; 231:43-46. [PMID: 27760716 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
At the intestinal stage of a Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection, the excretory-secretory (ES) antigens produced by adult worms (AWs) result in an early exposure to the host's immune system and elicit the production of specific antibodies; the AW ES proteins might provide early diagnostic markers of trichinellosis. The aim of this study was to identify early serodiagnostic markers from T. spiralis AW ES antigens. T. spiralis AWs were collected at 72h post infection, and their ES antigens were analysed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Then, the immunoreactive bands were subjected to shotgun LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analyses. Our results showed that only one protein band (33kDa) was recognized by the sera of mice infected with T. spiralis at 8 days after infection. The shotgun LC-MS/MS analysis identified 23 proteins that were then clustered into 10 types; these proteins had molecular weights of 28.13-71.62kDa and pI 5.05-9.20. Certain enzymes (e.g., serine protease, adult-specific deoxyribonuclease [DNase] II, peptidase S1A subfamily, and multi cystatin-like domain protein) were found to be highly represented. The functions of the 10 proteins were further analysed: of the 6 annotated proteins, 3 had serine hydrolase activity and 2 had DNase II activity. These results provide a valuable basis for identifying early diagnostic antigens and vaccine candidates for trichinellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Ge Ge Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Li Ang Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Xiao Lin Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Ming L, Peng RY, Zhang L, Zhang CL, Lv P, Wang ZQ, Cui J, Ren HJ. Invasion by Trichinella spiralis infective larvae affects the levels of inflammatory cytokines in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. Exp Parasitol 2016; 170:220-226. [PMID: 27717772 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As we all know, invasion of host intestinal epithelium is very important for T. spiralis to complete successfully their life cycle. However, the mechanisms that the intestinal infective larvae (IIL) invade and migrate in the intestinal epithailial cells (IECs) remain unclear until now. The related researches have been hindered since a readily operable in vitro normal model. In our earlier study, an in vitro normal IEC invasion model was established for the first time, and the abilities of the normal IECs to initiate mucosal inflammatory responses to invasion by the IIL in vitro were evaluated in this study. When the IIL were overlaid on the normal mouse IEC monolayers, they quickly within seconds invaded the monolayers and move within the IECs, leaving trails of damaged cells. Then the larvae were found to have started their molting at 12 h, and the complete cuticle was found at 24 h. The percentage of the first molt in the larvae was about 62.3%, and the percentage of the 2nd-4th molt was about 38.2% at 36 h. Real-time PCR showed that the mRNA levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8, epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and monocyte chemotactic protein 2 (MCP-2) were elevated in the IECs after 7 h of infection after invasion by the IIL, and their levels were enhanced with the increase of larvae number. No changes in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA were observed after the IIL invasion. Secretion increases of IL-1β and IL-8 from the IEC monolayers invaded by T. spiralis were also detected by ELISA. Secretion increases of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators in normal IECs can launch the acute inflammatory in response to the IIL invasion. This study would be helpful in further investigating the relationship between the host and T. spiralis, and the immune escape mechanisms of the niche established by T. spiralis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ruo Yu Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chun Li Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Pin Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hui Jun Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Bermúdez-Cruz RM, Fonseca-Liñán R, Grijalva-Contreras LE, Mendoza-Hernández G, Ortega-Pierres MG. Proteomic analysis and immunodetection of antigens from early developmental stages of Trichinella spiralis. Vet Parasitol 2016; 231:22-31. [PMID: 27396501 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis is an ubiquitous parasitic nematode that lives in muscle tissue of many hosts and causes trichinellosis in humans. Numerous efforts have been directed at specific detection of this infection and strategies for its control. TSL-1 and other antigens, mainly from muscle larvae (ML), have been used to induce partial protection in rodents. An improvement in protective immunity may be achieved by using antigens from other parasite stages. Further, identification of other parasite antigens may provide insights into their role in the host-parasite interaction. In this study, T. spiralis antigens from early developmental parasite stages, namely ML and pre-adult (PA) obtained at 6h, 18h and 30h post-infection, were identified by proteomic and mass spectrometry analyses. Our findings showed a differential expression of several proteins with molecular weights in the range of 13-224kDa and pI range of 4.54-9.89. Bioinformatic analyses revealed a wide diversity of functions in the identified proteins, which include structural, antioxidant, actin binding, peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase, motor, hydrolase, ATP binding, magnesium and calcium binding, isomerase and translation elongation factor. This, together with the differential recognition of antigens from these parasite stages by antibodies present in intestinal fluid, in supernatants from intestinal explants, and in serum samples from mice infected with T. spiralis or re-infected with this parasite, provides information that may lead to alternatives in the design of vaccines against this parasite or for modulation of immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ma Bermúdez-Cruz
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México DF C.P. 07360, Mexico
| | - R Fonseca-Liñán
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México DF C.P. 07360, Mexico
| | - Lucia Elhy Grijalva-Contreras
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México DF C.P. 07360, Mexico
| | | | - M Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México DF C.P. 07360, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Liu RD, Jiang P, Wen H, Duan JY, Wang LA, Li JF, Liu CY, Sun GG, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Screening and characterization of early diagnostic antigens in excretory–secretory proteins from Trichinella spiralis intestinal infective larvae by immunoproteomics. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:615-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
82
|
Sun GG, Liu RD, Wang ZQ, Jiang P, Wang L, Liu XL, Liu CY, Zhang X, Cui J. New diagnostic antigens for early trichinellosis: the excretory-secretory antigens of Trichinella spiralis intestinal infective larvae. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4637-44. [PMID: 26342828 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The excretory-secretory (ES) antigens from Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ML) are the most commonly used diagnostic antigens for trichinellosis, but anti-Trichinella IgG antibodies cannot be detected until 2-3 weeks after infection; there is an obvious window period between Trichinella infection and antibody positivity. Intestinal infective larvae (IIL) are the first invasive stage during Trichinella infection, and their ES antigens are firstly exposed to the immune system and might be the early diagnostic markers of trichinellosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the early diagnostic values of IIL ES antigens for trichinellosis. The IIL were collected from intestines of infected mice at 6 h postinfection (hpi), and IIL ES antigens were prepared by incubation for 18 h. Anti-Trichinella IgG antibodies in mice infected with 100 ML were detectable by ELISA with IIL ES antigens as soon as 10 days postinfection (dpi), but ELISA with ML ES antigens did not permit detection of infected mice before 12 dpi. When the sera of patients with trichinellosis at 19 dpi were assayed, the sensitivity (100 %) of ELISA with IIL ES antigens was evidently higher than 75 % of ELISA with ML ES antigens (P < 0.05) The specificity (96.86 %) of ELISA with IIL ES antigens was also higher than 89.31 % of ELISA with ML ES antigens (P < 0.05). The IIL ES antigens provided a new source of diagnostic antigens and could be considered as a potential early diagnostic antigen for trichinellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Ge Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Lin Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Yin Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|