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Zhang Q, Schmelzer E, Gerlach JC, Nettleship I. A microstructural study of the degradation and calcium release from hydroxyapatite-calcium oxide ceramics made by infiltration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 73:684-691. [PMID: 28183661 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite pellets, partially densified in a low-temperature heat treatment, were infiltrated with calcium nitrate solution followed by in-situ precipitation of Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3. The infiltrated bodies were then densified to high relative density and the calcium carbonate transformed to calcium oxide during sintering and resulted in biphasic hydroxyapatite-CaO ceramics. This work investigated the influence of the infiltration on surface morphology, weight change, and microstructural-level degradation caused by exposure to saline at pH=7.4 and a temperature of 20°C. The CaO rendered the materials more susceptible to degradation, and released calcium into the saline faster than single phase, calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (HA) that were used as a control. In consequence, these ceramics could be used to release calcium into the culture microenvironments of bone tissue or bone marrow cells next to a scaffold surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Eva Schmelzer
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 East Carson Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
| | - Jörg C Gerlach
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 East Carson Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA; Department of Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 3700 O'hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ian Nettleship
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Singh SS, Roy A, Lee B, Parekh S, Kumta PN. Murine osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation on strontium releasing hydroxyapatite forming cements. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 63:429-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Brückner T, Schamel M, Kübler AC, Groll J, Gbureck U. Novel bone wax based on poly(ethylene glycol)-calcium phosphate cement mixtures. Acta Biomater 2016; 33:252-63. [PMID: 26805427 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Classic bone wax is associated with drawbacks such as the risk of infection, inflammation and hindered osteogenesis. Here, we developed a novel self-setting bone wax on the basis of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and hydroxyapatite (HA) forming calcium phosphate cement (CPC), to overcome the problems that are linked to the use of conventional beeswax systems. Amounts of up to 10 wt.% of pregelatinized starch were additionally supplemented as hemostatic agent. After exposure to a humid environment, the PEG phase dissolved and was exchanged by penetrating water that interacted with the HA precursor (tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP)/monetite) to form highly porous, nanocrystalline HA via a dissolution/precipitation reaction. Simultaneously, pregelatinized starch could gel and supply the bone wax with liquid sealing features. The novel bone wax formulation was found to be cohesive, malleable and after hardening under aqueous conditions, it had a mechanical performance (∼2.5 MPa compressive strength) that is comparable to that of cancellous bone. It withstood systolic blood pressure conditions for several days and showed antibacterial properties for almost one week, even though 60% of the incorporated drug vancomycin hydrochloride was already released after 8h of deposition by diffusion controlled processes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The study investigated the development of alternative bone waxes on the basis of a hydroxyapatite (HA) forming calcium phosphate cement (CPC) system. Conventional bone waxes are composed of non-biodegradable beeswax/vaseline mixtures that are often linked to infection, inflammation and hindered osteogenesis. We combined the usage of bioresorbable polymers, the supplementation with hemostatic agents and the incorporation of a mineral component to overcome those drawbacks. Self-setting CPC precursors (tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), monetite) were embedded in a resorbable matrix of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and supplemented with pregelatinized starch. This formulation was found to be malleable and cohesive underwater. While immersion in an aqueous environment, CPC precursors formed highly porous, nanocrystalline HA via dissolution/precipitation reaction as water penetrated the novel wax formulation and PEG molecules simultaneously dissolved. The bone wax further withstood blood pressure conditions. After hardening, mechanical performance was comparable to that of cancellous bone and we also successfully provided the bone wax with antibacterial properties. In our opinion, the described bone wax formulation outmatches conventional bone waxes, as it circumvents the detriments being associated with the term "bone wax". Our wax has a novel composition and would broaden the application of CPC and besides, the general interest in bone waxes will increase, as they were long considered as a "first-line treatment" to avoid.
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Fathi A, El-Hamid HA, Radwan M. Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Tetracalcium Phosphate Coating on Titanium Substrate. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2016; 11:3164-3178. [DOI: 10.1016/s1452-3981(23)16172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Bellucci D, Sola A, Cannillo V. Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate composites with bioactive glass as second phase: State of the art and current applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:1030-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devis Bellucci
- Department of Engineering “E. Ferrari,”; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via P. Vivarelli 10 Modena 41125 Italy
| | - Antonella Sola
- Department of Engineering “E. Ferrari,”; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via P. Vivarelli 10 Modena 41125 Italy
| | - Valeria Cannillo
- Department of Engineering “E. Ferrari,”; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via P. Vivarelli 10 Modena 41125 Italy
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO 4): occurrence and properties. Prog Biomater 2015; 5:9-70. [PMID: 27471662 PMCID: PMC4943586 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-015-0045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present overview is intended to point the readers' attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4). This type of materials is of the special significance for the human beings because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and antlers) and pathological (i.e., those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. For example, atherosclerosis results in blood vessel blockage caused by a solid composite of cholesterol with CaPO4, while dental caries and osteoporosis mean a partial decalcification of teeth and bones, respectively, that results in replacement of a less soluble and harder biological apatite by more soluble and softer calcium hydrogenorthophosphates. Therefore, the processes of both normal and pathological calcifications are just an in vivo crystallization of CaPO4. Similarly, dental caries and osteoporosis might be considered as in vivo dissolution of CaPO4. In addition, natural CaPO4 are the major source of phosphorus, which is used to produce agricultural fertilizers, detergents and various phosphorus-containing chemicals. Thus, there is a great significance of CaPO4 for the humankind and, in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
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Pierini M, Lucarelli E, Duchi S, Prosperi S, Preve E, Piccinini M, Bucciotti F, Donati D. Characterization and cytocompatibility of a new injectable multiphasic bone substitute based on a combination of polysaccharide gel-coated OSPROLIFE(®) HA/TTCP granules and bone marrow concentrate. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:894-902. [PMID: 25952003 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro cytocompatibility of a novel injectable multiphasic bone substitute (MBS) based on polysaccharide gel-coated OSPROLIFE(®) hydroxyapatite (HA)/tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) granules combined with bone marrow concentrate (BMC). Polysaccharide gel-coated granules loaded in syringe were combined with BMC diluted in ionic crosslinking solution. The product was then maintained in culture to investigate the cytocompatibility, distribution, and osteogenic differentiation function of cells contained in the BMC. The in vitro cytocompatibility was assessed after 0, 24, and 96 h from the injectable MBS preparation using the LIVE/DEAD(®) staining kit. The results highlighted that cells remained viable after combination with the polysaccharide gel-coated granules; also, viability was maintained over time. The distribution of the cells in the product, observed using confocal microscopy, showed viable cells immersed in the polysaccharide gel formed between the granules after ionic crosslinking. The mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) contained in the injectable MBS, the basic elements for bone tissue regeneration, were able to differentiate toward osteoblasts, producing an osteogenic matrix as evidenced by alizarin red-s (AR-S) staining. In conclusion, we found that the injectable MBS may have the potential to be used as a bone substitute by applying a "one-step" procedure in bone tissue engineering applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 894-902, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pierini
- Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Division, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, 40123, Italy
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Division, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Serena Duchi
- Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Division, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, 40123, Italy
| | - Susanna Prosperi
- Eurocoating Spa, Research and Development Department, Pergine Valsugana, 38057, Trento, Italy
| | - Eleonora Preve
- Eurocoating Spa, Research and Development Department, Pergine Valsugana, 38057, Trento, Italy
| | - Marzio Piccinini
- Eurocoating Spa, Research and Development Department, Pergine Valsugana, 38057, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Bucciotti
- Eurocoating Spa, Research and Development Department, Pergine Valsugana, 38057, Trento, Italy
| | - Davide Donati
- Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Division, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, 40123, Italy
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Characterization of the aspects of osteoprogenitor cell interactions with physical tetracalcium phosphate anchorage on titanium implant surfaces. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 49:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Medvecky L, Giretova M, Stulajterova R, Kasiarova M. Effect of microstructure characteristics on tetracalcium phosphate-nanomonetite cement in vitro cytotoxicity. Biomed Mater 2015; 10:025006. [PMID: 25805605 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/2/025006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
MC3T3E1 murine pre-osteoblastic cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP)-nanomonetite (DCPA) cement. The starting cement powder mixture was prepared by the in situ reaction between TTCP and a diluted solution of orthophosphoric acid in a planetary ball mill. The cements in the form of pressed cement powder mixture discs differ from each other by the method of pre-treatment and degree of the transformation of cement components in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). For the evaluation of TTCP-DCPA cement to be non-cytotoxic, it was sufficient to apply the short-time soaking in PBS solution, regardless of whether the cement components were completely transformed or not. If the texture motif and hydroxyapatite particle morphology were properly developed during the initial stage of hardening, the cement cytotoxicity or osteoblast proliferation were insignificantly influenced by the soaking time or the texture stability during cell cultivation, but the lattice ordering enhanced cell proliferation. Results showed that the surface texture and the hydroxyapatite particle morphology are crucial for in vitro cement cytotoxicity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomir Medvecky
- Department of Electroceramics, Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
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62
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Pina S, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Natural-based nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: a review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1143-1169. [PMID: 25580589 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has been providing exciting technologies for the development of functional substitutes aimed to repair and regenerate damaged tissues and organs. Inspired by the hierarchical nature of bone, nanostructured biomaterials are gaining a singular attention for tissue engineering, owing their ability to promote cell adhesion and proliferation, and hence new bone growth, compared with conventional microsized materials. Of particular interest are nanocomposites involving biopolymeric matrices and bioactive nanosized fillers. Biodegradability, high mechanical strength, and osteointegration and formation of ligamentous tissue are properties required for such materials. Biopolymers are advantageous due to their similarities with extracellular matrices, specific degradation rates, and good biological performance. By its turn, calcium phosphates possess favorable osteoconductivity, resorbability, and biocompatibility. Herein, an overview on the available natural polymer/calcium phosphate nanocomposite materials, their design, and properties is presented. Scaffolds, hydrogels, and fibers as biomimetic strategies for tissue engineering, and processing methodologies are described. The specific biological properties of the nanocomposites, as well as their interaction with cells, including the use of bioactive molecules, are highlighted. Nanocomposites in vivo studies using animal models are also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pina
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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63
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Deng J, Wang Y, Zhou L, Gou M, Luo N, Chen H, Tong A, You C, Guo G. Fabrication and in vivo chondrification of a poly(propylene carbonate)/l-lactide-grafted tetracalcium phosphate electrospun scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabrication and in vivo chondrification of poly(propylene carbonate)/l-lactide-grafted tetracalcium phosphate electrospun scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaoJiao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center
- Department of Neurosurgery
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
- Chengdu
| | - YueLong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center
- Department of Neurosurgery
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
- Chengdu
| | - LiangXue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center
- Department of Neurosurgery
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
- Chengdu
| | - MaLing Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center
- Department of Neurosurgery
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
- Chengdu
| | - Na Luo
- Nankai University School of Medicine
- Tianjin
- PR China
| | - HaiFeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center
- Department of Neurosurgery
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
- Chengdu
| | - AiPing Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center
- Department of Neurosurgery
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
- Chengdu
| | - Chao You
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center
- Department of Neurosurgery
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
- Chengdu
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center
- Department of Neurosurgery
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
- Chengdu
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64
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Sakae T, Nakada H, John P. LeGeros. Historical Review of Biological Apatite Crystallography. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.24.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Sakae
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Hiroshi Nakada
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - John P. LeGeros
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry
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65
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Dong Q, Chow LC, Wang T, Frukhtbeyn SA, Wang F, Yang M, Mitchell JW. A New Bioactive Polylactide-based Composite with High Mechanical Strength. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014; 457:256-262. [PMID: 25419050 PMCID: PMC4235798 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new bioresorbable polylactide/calcium phosphate composite with improved mechanical strengths and a more basic filler, tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), was prepared by melt compounding. N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminoproplytrimethoxysilane (AEAPS) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) were used to improve the interfacial adhesion between TTCP and polylactide (PLA). While AEAPS improved the dispersion of TTCP in the matrix, PMDA might react with the terminal hydroxyl group of PLA and the amino group on the surface of AEAPS modified TTCP, which could further enhance the interfacial strength. The tensile strength was improved to 68.4 MPa for the PLA/TTCP-AEAPS composite from 51.5 MPa for the PLA/TTCP composite (20 wt% of TTCP). Dynamic mechanical analysis suggested that there was a 51 % improvement in storage modulus compared to that of PLA alone, when PMDA (0.2 wt% of PMDA) was incorporated into the PLA/TTCP-AEAPS composite (5 wt% of TTCP). Using this new bioresorbable PLA composite incorporated with a more basic filler for biomedical application, the inflammation and allergic effect resulted from the degraded acidic product are expected to be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxiao Dong
- Crest Center for Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
- College of Dentistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Architectural Functional Macromolecular Materials, Beijing Building Construction Research Institute, Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Laurence C. Chow
- American Dental Association Foundation, Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Tongxin Wang
- Crest Center for Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
- College of Dentistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Stanislav A. Frukhtbeyn
- American Dental Association Foundation, Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mingshu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - James W. Mitchell
- Crest Center for Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Microstructures, hardness and bioactivity of hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by direct laser melting process. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:189-98. [PMID: 25175204 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) coatings on bioinert metals such as Ti-6Al-4V are necessary for biomedical applications. Together, HAP and Ti-6Al-4V are biocompatible and bioactive. The challenges of depositing HAP on Ti-6Al-4V with traditional thermal spraying techniques are well founded. In this paper, HAP was coated on Ti-6Al-4V using direct laser melting (DLM) process. This process, unlike the traditional coating processes, is able to achieve coatings with good metallurgical bonding and little dilution. The microstructural and mechanical properties, chemical composition and bio-activities of the produced coatings were studied with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Vickers hardness machine, and by immersion test in Hanks' solution. The results showed that the choice of the laser power has much influence on the evolving microstructure, the mechanical properties and the retainment of HAP on the surface of the coating. Also, the choice of laser power of 750 W led to no dilution. The microhardness results inferred a strong intermetallic-ceramic interfacial bonding; which meant that the 750 W coating could survive long in service. Also, the coating was softer at the surface and stronger in the heat affected zones. Hence, this process parameter setting can be considered as an optimal setting. The soak tests revealed that the surface of the coating had unmelted crystals of HAP. The CaP ratio conducted on the soaked coating was 2.00 which corresponded to tetra calcium phosphate. This coating seems attractive for metallic implant applications.
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67
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Urquia Edreira ER, Wolke JGC, Aldosari AA, Al-Johany SS, Anil S, Jansen JA, van den Beucken JJJP. Effects of calcium phosphate composition in sputter coatings onin vitroandin vivoperformance. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:300-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva R. Urquia Edreira
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboudumc; PO Box 9101 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Joop G. C. Wolke
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboudumc; PO Box 9101 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Abdullah AlFarraj Aldosari
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Dental Implant and Osseointegration Research Chair (DIORC), College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulieman S. Al-Johany
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Dental Implant and Osseointegration Research Chair (DIORC), College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Dental Implant and Osseointegration Research Chair (DIORC), College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - John A. Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboudumc; PO Box 9101 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Dental Implant and Osseointegration Research Chair (DIORC), College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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Calcium phosphate cements for bone substitution: chemistry, handling and mechanical properties. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1035-49. [PMID: 24231047 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Since their initial formulation in the 1980s, calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have been increasingly used as bone substitutes. This article provides an overview on the chemistry, kinetics of setting and handling properties (setting time, cohesion and injectability) of CPCs for bone substitution, with a focus on their mechanical properties. Many processing parameters, such as particle size, composition of cement reactants and additives, can be adjusted to control the setting process of CPCs, concomitantly influencing their handling and mechanical performance. Moreover, this review shows that, although the mechanical strength of CPCs is generally low, it is not a critical issue for their application for bone repair--an observation not often realized by researchers and clinicians. CPCs with compressive strengths comparable to those of cortical bones can be produced through densification and/or homogenization of the cement matrix. The real limitation for CPCs appears to be their low fracture toughness and poor mechanical reliability (Weibull modulus), which have so far been only rarely studied.
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Fan* RR, Zhou* LX, Li DX, Zhang DM, Wu M, Guo G. Preparation and Characterization of Composites Based on Poly (Butylene Succinate) and Poly (Lactic Acid) Grafted Tetracalcium Phosphate. J MACROMOL SCI B 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2013.810104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Butscher A, Bohner M, Doebelin N, Hofmann S, Müller R. New depowdering-friendly designs for three-dimensional printing of calcium phosphate bone substitutes. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:9149-58. [PMID: 23891808 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Powder-based three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a versatile method that allows creating synthetic calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds of complex shapes and structures. However, one major drawback is the difficulty of removing all remnants of loose powder from the printed scaffolds, the so-called depowdering step. In this study, a new design approach was proposed to solve this problem. Specifically, the design of the printed scaffolds consisted of a cage with windows large enough to enable depowdering while still trapping loose fillers placed inside the cage. To demonstrate the potential of this new approach, two filler geometries were used: sandglass and cheese segment. The distance between the fillers was varied and they were either glued to the cage or free to move after successful depowdering. Depowdering efficiency was quantified by microstructural morphometry. The results showed that the use of mobile fillers significantly improved depowdering. Based on this study, large 3DP scaffolds can be realized, which might be a step towards a broader clinical use of 3D printed CaP scaffolds.
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71
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Bioceramics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 6:3840-3942. [PMID: 28788309 PMCID: PMC5452669 DOI: 10.3390/ma6093840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Various types of grafts have been traditionally used to restore damaged bones. In the late 1960s, a strong interest was raised in studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. A bit later, such synthetic biomaterials were called bioceramics. In principle, bioceramics can be prepared from diverse materials but this review is limited to calcium orthophosphate-based formulations only, which possess the specific advantages due to the chemical similarity to mammalian bones and teeth. During the past 40 years, there have been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development of bioceramics that was just tolerated in the physiological environment, an emphasis was shifted towards the formulations able to form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones. Afterwards, by the structural and compositional controls, it became possible to choose whether the calcium orthophosphate-based implants remain biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure or whether they were resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now calcium orthophosphate scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are often porous and harbor different biomolecules and/or cells. Therefore, current biomedical applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics include bone augmentations, artificial bone grafts, maxillofacial reconstruction, spinal fusion, periodontal disease repairs and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Perspective future applications comprise drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes because calcium orthophosphates appear to be promising carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides and various types of cells.
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72
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Bohner M, Tadier S, van Garderen N, de Gasparo A, Döbelin N, Baroud G. Synthesis of spherical calcium phosphate particles for dental and orthopedic applications. BIOMATTER 2013; 3:e25103. [PMID: 23719177 PMCID: PMC3749799 DOI: 10.4161/biom.25103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate materials have been used increasingly in the past 40 years as bone graft substitutes in the dental and orthopedic fields. Accordingly, numerous fabrication methods have been proposed and used. However, the controlled production of spherical calcium phosphate particles remains a challenge. Since such particles are essential for the synthesis of pastes and cements delivered into the host bone by minimally-invasive approaches, the aim of the present document is to review their synthesis and applications. For that purpose, production methods were classified according to the used reagents (solutions, slurries, pastes, powders), dispersion media (gas, liquid, solid), dispersion tools (nozzle, propeller, sieve, mold), particle diameters of the end product (from 10 nm to 10 mm), and calcium phosphate phases. Low-temperature calcium phosphates such as monetite, brushite or octacalcium phosphate, as well as high-temperature calcium phosphates, such as hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate or tetracalcium phosphate, were considered. More than a dozen production methods and over hundred scientific publications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gamal Baroud
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique; Département de Génie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
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73
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Butscher A, Bohner M, Doebelin N, Galea L, Loeffel O, Müller R. Moisture based three-dimensional printing of calcium phosphate structures for scaffold engineering. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:5369-78. [PMID: 23069318 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Powder based three-dimensional printing (3DP) allows great versatility in material and geometry. These characteristics make 3DP an interesting method for the production of tissue engineering scaffolds. However, 3DP has major limitations, such as limited resolution and accuracy, hence preventing the widespread application of this method within scaffold engineering [corrected].In order to reduce these limitations deeper understanding of the complex interactions between powder, binder and roller during 3DP is needed. In the past a lot of effort has been invested to optimize the powder properties for 3DP for a certain layer thickness. Using a powder optimized for an 88 μm layer thickness, this study systematically quantifies the surface roughness and geometrical accuracy in printed specimens and assesses their variation upon changes of different critical parameters such as the moisture application time (0, 5, 10 and 20s), layer thickness (44 and 88 μm) and the number of specimens printed per batch (6 and 12). A best surface roughness value of 25 μm was measured with a moisture application time (using a custom made moisture application device mounted on a linear stage carrying the print head) of 5s and a layer thickness of 44 μm. Geometrical accuracy was generally higher for the 88 μm thick layer, due to a less critical powder bed stability. Moisture application enabled 3DP of a 44 μm thick layer and improved the accuracy even for a powder initially optimized for 88 μm. Moreover, recycling of the humidified powder was not only possible but, in terms of reactivity, even beneficial. In conclusion, moisture-based 3DP is a promising approach for high resolution 3DP of scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Butscher
- RMS Foundation, Bischmattstrasse 12, CH-2544 Bettlach, Switzerland.
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74
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Hung IM, Shih WJ, Hon MH, Wang MC. The properties of sintered calcium phosphate with [Ca]/[P] = 1.50. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:13569-86. [PMID: 23202968 PMCID: PMC3497342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131013569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to obtain the properties of the sintered as-dried calcium phosphate with [Ca]/[P] = 1.50, the characteristics of sintered pellets have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, Vickers hardness indentation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When the pellet samples were sintered between 700 °C and 1200 °C for 4 h, the hydroxyapatite (Ca(10)(PO(4))(6)(OH)(2), HA) still maintained the major phase, accompanied with the rhenanite (NaCaPO(4)) as the secondary phase and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-Ca(3)(PO(4))(2), β-TCP) as the minor phases. In addition, the HA partially transformed to α-tricalcium phosphate (α-Ca(3)(PO(4))(2), α-TCP) and tetracalcium phosphate (Ca(4)(PO4)(2)O, TTCP), when the pellet samples were sintered at 1300 °C and 1400 °C, respectively, for 4 h. The maximum density and Vickers Hardness (HV) of sintered pellet samples were 2.85 g/cm3 (90.18% theoretical density (T.D.)) and 407, which appeared at 1200 °C and 900 °C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ming Hung
- Yuan Ze Fuel Cell Center, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, No. 135, Yuan-Tung Road, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Wei-Jen Shih
- Metal Industries Research and Development Centre, 1001 Kaonan Highway, Kaohsiung 81160, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Min-Hsiung Hon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta–Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Moo-Chin Wang
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80782, Taiwan
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dos Santos EA, Moldovan S, Mateescu M, Faerber J, Acosta M, Pelletier H, Anselme K, Werckmann J. Physical–chemical and biological behavior of an amorphous calcium phosphate thin film produced by RF-magnetron sputtering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012; 32:2086-2095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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76
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Lv X, Lin X, Hu J, Gao B, Huang W. Phase evolution in calcium phosphate coatings obtained by in situ laser cladding. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium orthophosphates: occurrence, properties, biomineralization, pathological calcification and biomimetic applications. BIOMATTER 2011; 1:121-64. [PMID: 23507744 PMCID: PMC3549886 DOI: 10.4161/biom.18790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present overview is intended to point the readers' attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates. This type of materials is of special significance for human beings, because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and antlers) and pathological (i.e., those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. For example, atherosclerosis results in blood vessel blockage caused by a solid composite of cholesterol with calcium orthophosphates, while dental caries and osteoporosis mean a partial decalcification of teeth and bones, respectively, that results in replacement of a less soluble and harder biological apatite by more soluble and softer calcium hydrogenphosphates. Therefore, the processes of both normal and pathological calcifications are just an in vivo crystallization of calcium orthophosphates. Similarly, dental caries and osteoporosis might be considered an in vivo dissolution of calcium orthophosphates. Thus, calcium orthophosphates hold a great significance for humankind, and in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
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78
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Zhou H, Lee J. Nanoscale hydroxyapatite particles for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:2769-81. [PMID: 21440094 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 739] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) exhibits excellent biocompatibility with soft tissues such as skin, muscle and gums, making it an ideal candidate for orthopedic and dental implants or components of implants. Synthetic HAp has been widely used in repair of hard tissues, and common uses include bone repair, bone augmentation, as well as coating of implants or acting as fillers in bone or teeth. However, the low mechanical strength of normal HAp ceramics generally restricts its use to low load-bearing applications. Recent advancements in nanoscience and nanotechnology have reignited investigation of nanoscale HAp formation in order to clearly define the small-scale properties of HAp. It has been suggested that nano-HAp may be an ideal biomaterial due to its good biocompatibility and bone integration ability. HAp biomedical material development has benefited significantly from advancements in nanotechnology. This feature article looks afresh at nano-HAp particles, highlighting the importance of size, crystal morphology control, and composites with other inorganic particles for biomedical material development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Zhou
- Department of Nanomedical Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
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Wei J, Wang J, Shan W, Liu X, Ma J, Liu C, Fang J, Wei S. Development of fluorapatite cement for dental enamel defects repair. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:1607-1614. [PMID: 21553155 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In order to restore the badly carious lesion of human dental enamel, a crystalline paste of fluoride substituted apatite cement was synthesized by using the mixture of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) and ammonium fluoride. The apatite cement paste could be directly filled into the enamel defects (cavities) to repair damaged dental enamel. The results indicated that the hardened cement was fluorapatite [Ca(10)(PO(4))(6)F(2), FA] with calcium to phosphorus atom molar ratio (Ca/P) of 1.67 and Ca/F ratio of 5. The solubility of FA cement in Tris-HCl solution (pH = 5) was slightly lower than the natural enamel, indicating the FA cement was much insensitive to the weakly acidic solutions. The FA cement was tightly combined with the enamel surface, and there was no obvious difference of the hardness between the FA cement and natural enamel. The extracts of FA cement caused no cytotoxicity on L929 cells, which satisfied the relevant criterion on dental biomaterials, revealing good cytocompatibility. In addition, the results showed that the FA cement had good mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, and anti-bacterial adhesion properties. The study suggested that using FA cement was simple and promising approach to effectively and conveniently restore enamel defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Inter-disciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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Lewis G. Viscoelastic properties of injectable bone cements for orthopaedic applications: State-of-the-art review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 98:171-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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