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Singha P, Pant J, Goudie MJ, Workman CD, Handa H. Enhanced antibacterial efficacy of nitric oxide releasing thermoplastic polyurethanes with antifouling hydrophilic topcoats. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:1246-1255. [PMID: 28466898 PMCID: PMC5503190 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00948d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface fouling is one of the leading causes of infection associated with implants, stents, catheters, and other medical devices. The surface chemistry of medical device coatings is important in controlling and/or preventing fouling. In this study, we have shown that a combination of nitric oxide releasing hydrophobic polymer with a hydrophilic polymer topcoat can significantly reduce protein attachment and subsequently reduce bacterial adhesion as a result of the synergistic effect. Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known potent antibacterial agent due to its adverse reactions on microbial cell components. Owing to the surface chemistry of hydrophilic polymers, they are suitable as antifouling topcoats. In this study, four biomedical grade polymers were compared for protein adhesion and NO-release behavior: CarboSil 2080A, silicone rubber, SP60D60, and SG80A. SP60D60 was found to resist protein adsorption up to 80% when compared to the other polymers while CarboSil 2080A maintained a steady NO flux even after 24 hours (∼0.50 × 10-10 mol cm-2 min-1) of soaking in buffer solution with a loss of less than 3% S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), the NO donor molecule, in the leaching analysis. Therefore, CarboSil 2080A incorporated with SNAP and top-coated with SP60D60 was tested for antibacterial efficacy after exposure to fibrinogen, an abundantly found protein in blood. The NO-releasing CarboSil 2080A with the SP60D60 top-coated polymer showed a 96% reduction in Staphylococcus aureus viable cell count compared to the control samples. Hence, the study demonstrated that a hydrophilic polymer topcoat, when applied to a polymer with sustained NO release from an underlying SNAP incorporated hydrophobic polymer, can reduce bacterial adhesion and be used as a highly efficient antifouling, antibacterial polymer for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshini Singha
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology provide unparalleled flexibility to control the composition, size, shape, surface chemistry, and functionality of materials. Currently available engineering approaches allow precise synthesis of nanocompounds (e.g., nanoparticles, nanostructures, nanocrystals) with both top-down and bottom-up design principles at the submicron level. In this context, these "nanoelements" (NEs) or "nanosized building blocks" can 1) generate new nanocomposites with antibiofilm properties or 2) be used to coat existing surfaces (e.g., teeth) and exogenously introduced surfaces (e.g., restorative or implant materials) for prevention of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Furthermore, functionalized NEs 3) can be conceived as nanoparticles to carry and selectively release antimicrobial agents after attachment or within oral biofilms, resulting in their disruption. The latter mechanism includes "smart release" of agents when triggered by pathogenic microenvironments (e.g., acidic pH or low oxygen levels) for localized and controlled drug delivery to simultaneously kill bacteria and dismantle the biofilm matrix. Here we discuss inorganic, metallic, polymeric, and carbon-based NEs for their outstanding chemical flexibility, stability, and antibiofilm properties manifested when converted into bioactive materials, assembled on-site or delivered at biofilm-surface interfaces. Details are provided on the emerging concept of the rational design of NEs and recent technological breakthroughs for the development of a new generation of nanocoatings or functional nanoparticles for biofilm control in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Paula
- Solid-Biological Interface Group (SolBIN), Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - H. Koo
- Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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53
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Liu J, Wang P, Chu CC, Xi T. A novel biodegradable and biologically functional arginine-based poly(ester urea urethane) coating for Mg–Zn–Y–Nd alloy: enhancement in corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:1787-1802. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb03147a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel biodegradable and functional Arg-PEUU coating materials for MgZnYNd alloy stents may make drugs like sirolimus or paclitaxel unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Pei Wang
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Chih-Chang Chu
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, and Biomedical Engineering Field
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Tingfei Xi
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
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54
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Wo Y, Brisbois EJ, Bartlett RH, Meyerhoff ME. Recent advances in thromboresistant and antimicrobial polymers for biomedical applications: just say yes to nitric oxide (NO). Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1161-83. [PMID: 27226170 PMCID: PMC4955746 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00271d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical devices are essential for patient diagnosis and treatment; however, when blood comes in contact with foreign surfaces or homeostasis is disrupted, complications including thrombus formation and bacterial infections can interrupt device functionality, causing false readings and/or shorten device lifetime. Here, we review some of the current approaches for developing antithrombotic and antibacterial materials for biomedical applications. Special emphasis is given to materials that release or generate low levels of nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide is an endogenous gas molecule that can inhibit platelet activation as well as bacterial proliferation and adhesion. Various NO delivery vehicles have been developed to improve NO's therapeutic potential. In this review, we provide a summary of the NO releasing and NO generating polymeric materials developed to date, with a focus on the chemistry of different NO donors, the polymer preparation processes, and in vitro and in vivo applications of the two most promising types of NO donors studied thus far, N-diazeniumdiolates (NONOates) and S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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55
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Kaushik SN, Kim B, Walma AMC, Choi SC, Wu H, Mao JJ, Jun HW, Cheon K. Biomimetic microenvironments for regenerative endodontics. Biomater Res 2016; 20:14. [PMID: 27257508 PMCID: PMC4890532 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-016-0061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontics has been proposed to replace damaged and underdeveloped tooth structures with normal pulp-dentin tissue by providing a natural extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicking environment; stem cells, signaling molecules, and scaffolds. In addition, clinical success of the regenerative endodontic treatments can be evidenced by absence of signs and symptoms; no bony pathology, a disinfected pulp, and the maturation of root dentin in length and thickness. In spite of the various approaches of regenerative endodontics, there are several major challenges that remain to be improved: a) the endodontic root canal is a strong harbor of the endodontic bacterial biofilm and the fundamental etiologic factors of recurrent endodontic diseases, (b) tooth discolorations are caused by antibiotics and filling materials, (c) cervical root fractures are caused by endodontic medicaments, (d) pulp tissue is not vascularized nor innervated, and (e) the dentin matrix is not developed with adequate root thickness and length. Generally, current clinical protocols and recent studies have shown a limited success of the pulp-dentin tissue regeneration. Throughout the various approaches, the construction of biomimetic microenvironments of pulp-dentin tissue is a key concept of the tissue engineering based regenerative endodontics. The biomimetic microenvironments are composed of a synthetic nano-scaled polymeric fiber structure that mimics native pulp ECM and functions as a scaffold of the pulp-dentin tissue complex. They will provide a framework of the pulp ECM, can deliver selective bioactive molecules, and may recruit pluripotent stem cells from the vicinity of the pulp apex. The polymeric nanofibers are produced by methods of self-assembly, electrospinning, and phase separation. In order to be applied to biomedical use, the polymeric nanofibers require biocompatibility, stability, and biodegradability. Therefore, this review focuses on the development and application of the biomimetic microenvironments of pulp-dentin tissue among the current regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar N Kaushik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Bogeun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Alexander M Cruz Walma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Sung Chul Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SDB 311, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007 USA
| | - Jeremy J Mao
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration at Columbia University, New York City, NY USA
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Kyounga Cheon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SDB 311, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007 USA
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Li D, Hu X, Han T, Xu S, Zhou T, Wang Z, Cheng K, Li Z, Hua H, Xiao W, Xu J. Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Apoptotic Properties of NO-Donor/Enmein-Type ent-Kauranoid Hybrids. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060747. [PMID: 27231893 PMCID: PMC4926326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we reported on a series of synthetic nitric oxide-releasing enmein-type diterpenoid hybrids (9a–i). All the target compounds showed potent antibacterial activity against selected Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and B. subtilis. The antiproliferative activity against human tumor K562, MGC-803, CaEs-17 and Bel-7402 cells, and human normal liver cells L-02 was tested and the structure activity relationships (SARs) were also concluded. Compounds 9b and 9d showed the best activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis with the same minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4 and 2 μg/mL, respectively. The derivative 9f displayed IC50 values of 1.68, 1.11, 3.60 and 0.72 μM against the four cancer cell lines above and 18.80 μM against normal liver cells L-02; meanwhile, 9f also released a high level of NO at the time point of 60 min of 22.24 μmol/L. Furthermore, it was also found that 9f induced apoptosis via the mitochondria-related pathway and arrested cell cycle of Bel-7402 cells at S phase. These findings might be important to explore new chemical entities for the main causes of in-hospital mortality of S. aureus infection, combined with a solid tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Processes, and National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China.
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, and School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Tong Han
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Shengtao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Processes, and National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China.
| | - Keguang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, and School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Zhanlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Processes, and National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China.
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Mesa-Antunez P, Collado D, Vida Y, Najera F, Fernandez T, Torres MJ, Perez-Inestrosa E. Fluorescent BAPAD Dendrimeric Antigens Are Efficiently Internalized by Human Dendritic Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E111. [PMID: 30979201 PMCID: PMC6432222 DOI: 10.3390/polym8040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new fluorescent dendrimeric antigen (DeAn) based on a dendron with amoxicilloyl terminal groups was synthesized. The synthesis was carried out using a novel class of all-aliphatic polyamide dendrimer (BisAminoalkylPolyAmide Dendrimers, or BAPAD) involving the direct condensation of 3,3'-diazidopivalic acid as a building block. Iterative azide reduction/amide formation increases the dendrimer generation. The BAPAD dendrimer was designed with a cystamine core. Reduction of the disulfide bond allows the incorporation of BAPAD dendrons into a 1,8-naphthalimide functionalized with a maleimide group. The fluorescence properties of DeAn were studied in PBS and compared with the properties of an equivalent dendron possessing amino-terminal groups. Both molecules shown high fluorescence quantum yields in PBS and could readily be visualized by fluorescence microscopy. DeAn was used as a synthetic antigen in a biomedical assay that tests their potential as an amoxicillin carrier in drug internalization by dendritic cells (DC) from tolerant and allergic patients. Cytometry data suggest that the dendrons are non-toxic and easily internalized by DCs, while confocal microscopy images indicate that the compounds are preferentially accumulated in the cytoplasm. These results indicate that BAPAD dendrons are good candidates for synthetic scaffolds for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Mesa-Antunez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Malaga, IBIMA, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology- BIONAND, Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia, 29590 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Daniel Collado
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Malaga, IBIMA, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology- BIONAND, Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia, 29590 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Vida
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Malaga, IBIMA, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology- BIONAND, Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia, 29590 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Francisco Najera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Malaga, IBIMA, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology- BIONAND, Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia, 29590 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Tahia Fernandez
- Research Laboratory, Regional University Hospital of Malaga-IBIMA, 29010 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Maria Jose Torres
- Research Laboratory, Regional University Hospital of Malaga-IBIMA, 29010 Malaga, Spain.
- Allergy Service, Regional University Hospital of Malaga-IBIMA, 29010 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Ezequiel Perez-Inestrosa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Malaga, IBIMA, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology- BIONAND, Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia, 29590 Malaga, Spain.
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