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Muñoz EN, Rivera HM, Gómez LA. Changes in cytoarchitecture and mobility in B16F1 melanoma cells induced by 5-Br-2'-dU coincide with Rock2, miRNAs 138-5p and 455-3p reciprocal expressions. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101027. [PMID: 34159262 PMCID: PMC8202345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ROCK2 is a protein involved in the restructuring of the cytoskeleton in cell adhesion and contractibility processes. miR-138-5p and miR-455-3p regulate Rock2 expression, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in different experimental cell models. However, their participation in the cytoarchitecture and mobility of B16F1 melanoma cells exposed to 5-Br-2'-dU is partially known. This work aimed to analyze ROCK2 and miRs 138-5p and 455-3p expression associated with morphological and mobility changes of B16F1 mouse melanoma cells exposed to the thymidine analog 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (5-Br-2'-dU). We observed an increase (2.2X n = 3, p < 0.05) in the cell area, coinciding with an increase in cell diameter (1.27X n = 3, p < 0.05), as well as greater cell granularity, capacity for circularization, adhesion, which was associated with more significant polymerization of F-actin, collapsed in the intermediate filaments of vimentin (VIM), and coinciding with a decrease in migration (87%). Changes coincided with a decrease in Rock2 mRNA expression (2.88X n = 3, p < 0.05), increased vimentin and a reciprocal decrease in miR-138-5p (1.8X), and an increase in miR-455-3p (2.39X). The Rock2 kinase inhibitor Y27632 partially rescued these changes. These results suggest ROCK2 and VIM regulate the morphological and mobility changes of B16 melanoma cells after exposure to 5-Br-2'-dU, and its expression may be reciprocally regulated, at least in part, by miR-138-5p and miR-455-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Natalia Muñoz
- Molecular Physiology Group, Scientific and Technological Research, Public Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Hernán Mauricio Rivera
- Molecular Physiology Group, Scientific and Technological Research, Public Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Luis Alberto Gómez
- Molecular Physiology Group, Scientific and Technological Research, Public Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
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Chen Y, Li P, Peng Y, Xie X, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Li T, Qin X, Li S, Yang H, Wu C, Zheng C, Zhu J, You F, Liu Y. Protective autophagy attenuates soft substrate-induced apoptosis through ROS/JNK signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:590-603. [PMID: 34242793 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments are characterized not only in terms of chemical composition, but also by physical properties such as stiffness, which influences morphology, proliferation, and fate of tumor cells. However, the underlying mechanisms between matrix stiffness and the apoptosis-autophagy balance remain largely unexplored. In this study, we cultured human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells on rigid (57 kPa), stiff (38 kPa) or soft (10 kPa) substrates and demonstrated that increasing autophagy levels and autophagic flux in the cells cultured on soft substrates partly attenuated soft substrate-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, this protective autophagy is regulated by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which triggers the downstream signals of JNK, Bcl-2 and Beclin-1. More importantly, soft substrate-induced activation of ROS/JNK signaling promotes cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, whereas it increases protective autophagy by suppressing the interaction of Bcl-2 and Beclin-1. Taken together, our data suggest that JNK is the mediator of soft substrate-induced breast cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy which is likely to be the mechanism that partly attenuates mitochondrial apoptosis. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism by which autophagy plays a protective role against soft substrate-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yueting Peng
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Xie
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jie Zhu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fengming You
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, PR China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, PR China.
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Hollósi A, Pászty K, Kellermayer M, Charras G, Varga A. BRAF Modulates Stretch-Induced Intercellular Gap Formation through Localized Actin Reorganization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168989. [PMID: 34445693 PMCID: PMC8396467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces acting on cell–cell adhesion modulate the barrier function of endothelial cells. The actively remodeled actin cytoskeleton impinges on cell–cell adhesion to counteract external forces. We applied stress on endothelial monolayers by mechanical stretch to uncover the role of BRAF in the stress-induced response. Control cells responded to external forces by organizing and stabilizing actin cables in the stretched cell junctions. This was accompanied by an increase in intercellular gap formation, which was prevented in BRAF knockdown monolayers. In the absence of BRAF, there was excess stress fiber formation due to the enhanced reorganization of actin fibers. Our findings suggest that stretch-induced intercellular gap formation, leading to a decrease in barrier function of blood vessels, can be reverted by BRAF RNAi. This is important when the endothelium experiences changes in external stresses caused by high blood pressure, leading to edema, or by immune or cancer cells in inflammation or metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hollósi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (K.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Katalin Pászty
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (K.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Miklós Kellermayer
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (K.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK;
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrea Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (K.P.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Chen Y, Wang HH, Chang HH, Huang YH, Wang JR, Changchien CY, Wu ST. Guggulsterone induces apoptosis and inhibits lysosomal-dependent migration in human bladder cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:153587. [PMID: 34044254 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival rate and therapeutic options for patients with bladder cancer have improved little in recent decades. Guggulsterone (GS), a phytoestrogen, has been investigated as an anticancer drug in various malignancies. PURPOSE The present study aimed to evaluate the anticancer effects of E-isomer and Z-isomer GS in the human bladder cancer cell lines TSGH8301 (low-grade) and T24 (high-grade) and their underlying mechanisms. METHODS The cell survival effect of GS was investigated by the MTT and colony formation assays in bladder cancer cell lines. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle and cell death. Migration ability was measured by wound healing and transwell assays. Protein expression was determined by Western blot after GS treatment. The potency of GS on subcutaneous TSGH8301 bladder tumors was evaluated using an in vivo imaging system. RESULTS E-isomer GS reduced the survival rate of both low- and high-grade human bladder cancer cells. GS caused cell cycle arrest, accompanied by the decrease and increase in cyclin A and p21 levels, respectively. Additionally, caspase-dependent apoptosis was observed following GS treatment. Furthermore, GS treatment downregulated mTOR-Akt signaling and induced autophagy with p62 and LC3β-II expression. Moreover, the farnesoid X receptor was involved in GS-inhibited cell growth. In addition, GS reduced the migration ability with a decrease in integrin-focal adhesion kinase and myosin light chain. Interestingly, the suppression of GS-mediated migration was prevented by the lysosomal inhibitor ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). GS also reduced TSGH8301 bladder cancer cell progression by increasing the level of p21, cleaved caspase 3, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and LC3β-II in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that GS treatment may serve as a potential anticancer therapy for different grades of urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hisao-Hsien Wang
- Department of Urology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Han Chang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey R Wang
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Changchien
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tang Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Planning, Medical Affairs Bureau Ministry of National Defense Taiwan.
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Bao M, Chen Y, Liu JT, Bao H, Wang WB, Qi YX, Lv F. Extracellular matrix stiffness controls VEGF 165 secretion and neuroblastoma angiogenesis via the YAP/RUNX2/SRSF1 axis. Angiogenesis 2021; 25:71-86. [PMID: 34170441 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant variations in angiogenesis have been observed in tumor tissues with abnormal stiffness of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, it remains largely unclear how ECM stiffness influences tumor angiogenesis. Numerous studies have reported that vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) released from tumor cells plays crucial roles in angiogenesis. Hence, we demonstrated the role of ECM stiffness in VEGF-A release from neuroblastoma (NB) cells and the underlying mechanisms. Based on 17 NB clinical samples, a negative correlation was observed between the length of blood vessels and stiffness of NB tissues. In vitro, an ECM stiffness of 30 kPa repressed the secretion of VEGF165 from NB cells which subsequently inhibited the tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Knocked down VEGF165 in NB cells or blocked VEGF165 with neutralizing antibodies both repressed the tube formation of HUVECs. Specifically, 30 kPa ECM stiffness repressed the expression and nuclear accumulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) to regulate the expression of Serine/Arginine Splicing Factor 1 (SRSF1) via Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), which may then subsequently induce the expression and secretion of VEGF165 in NB tumor cells. Through implantation of 3D col-Tgels with different stiffness into nude mice, the inhibitory effect of 30 kPa on NB angiogenesis was confirmed in vivo. Furthermore, we found that the inhibitory effect of 30 kPa stiffness on NB angiogenesis was reversed by YAP overexpression, suggesting the important role of YAP in NB angiogenesis regulated by ECM stiffness. Overall, our work not only showed a regulatory effect of ECM stiffness on NB angiogenesis, but also revealed a new signaling axis, YAP-RUNX2-SRSF1, that mediates angiogenesis by regulating the expression and secretion of VEGF165 from NB cells. ECM stiffness and the potential molecules revealed in the present study may be new therapeutic targets for NB angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Ting Liu
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Bin Wang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fan Lv
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Zhang W, Zhang S, Zhang W, Yue Y, Qian W, Wang Z. Matrix stiffness and its influence on pancreatic diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188583. [PMID: 34139274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The matrix stiffness of the extracellular matrix(ECM), which is the slow elastic force on cells, has gradually become investigated. And a higher stiffness could induce changes in cell biological behaviors and activation of internal signaling pathways. Imbalanced stiffness of ECM is associated with a number of diseases, including pancreatic disease. In this review, we discuss the components of the ECM and the increased stiffness caused by unbalanced ECM changes. Next, we describe how matrix stiffness transmits mechanical signals and what signaling pathways are altered within the cell in detail. Finally, we discuss the effect of ECM on the behavior of pancreatic diseases from the perspective of matrix stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Simei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wunai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yangyang Yue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Micalet A, Moeendarbary E, Cheema U. 3D In Vitro Models for Investigating the Role of Stiffness in Cancer Invasion. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 34081437 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumorigenesis is attributed to the interactions of cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment through both biochemical cues and physical stimuli. Increased matrix deposition and realignment of the collagen fibers are detected by cancer cells, inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which in turn stimulates cell motility and invasiveness. METHODS This review provides an overview of current research on the role of the physical microenvironment in cancer invasion. This was achieved by using a systematic approach and providing meta-analyses. Particular focus was placed on in vitro three-dimensional models of epithelial cancers. We investigated questions such as the effect of matrix stiffening, activation of stromal cells, and identified potential advances in mechano-based therapies. RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed that 64% of studies report cancer invasion promotion as stiffness increases, while 36% report the opposite. Experimental approaches and data interpretations were varied, each affecting the invasion of cancer differently. Examples are the experimental timeframes used (24 h to 21 days), the type of polymer used (24 types), and choice of cell line (33 cell lines). The stiffness of the 3D matrices varied from 0.5 to 300 kPa and 19% of these matrices' stiffness were outside commonly accepted physiological range. 100% of the studies outside biological stiffness range (above 20 kPa) report that stiffness does not promote cancer invasion. CONCLUSIONS Taking this analysis into account, we inform on the type of experimental approaches that could be the most relevant and provide what would be a standardized protocol and reporting strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auxtine Micalet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), Torrington Place, London, U.K. WC1E 6BT.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, UCL Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, University College London (UCL), Charles Bell House, London, U.K. W1W 7TS
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), Torrington Place, London, U.K. WC1E 6BT.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Umber Cheema
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, UCL Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, University College London (UCL), Charles Bell House, London, U.K. W1W 7TS
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Xu H, Peng C, Chen XT, Yao YY, Chen LP, Yin Q, Shen W. Chemokine receptor CXCR4 activates the RhoA/ROCK2 pathway in spinal neurons that induces bone cancer pain. Mol Pain 2021; 16:1744806920919568. [PMID: 32349612 PMCID: PMC7227150 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920919568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been found to be associated with spinal neuron and glial cell activation during bone cancer pain. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Furthermore, the RhoA/ROCK2 pathway serves as a downstream pathway activated by CXCR4 during bone cancer pain. We first validated the increase in the expressions of CXCR4, p-RhoA, and p-ROCK2 in the spinal dorsal horn of a well-characterized tumor cell implantation-induced cancer pain rat model and how these expressions contributed to the pain behavior in tumor cell implantation rats. We hypothesized that spinal blockade of the CXCR4-RhoA/ROCK2 pathway is a potential analgesic therapy for cancer pain management. Methods Adult female Sprague–Dawley rats (body weight of 180–220 g) and six- to seven-week old female Sprague–Dawley rats (body weight of 80–90 g) were taken. Ascitic cancer cells were extracted from the rats (body weight of 80–90 g) with intraperitoneally implanted Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cells. Walker 256 rat mammary gland carcinoma cells were then injected (tumor cell implantation) into the intramedullary space of the tibia to establish a rat model of bone cancer pain. Results We found increased expressions of CXCR4, p-RhoA, and p-ROCK2 in the neurons in the spinal cord. p-RhoA and p-ROCK2 were co-expressed in the neurons and promoted by overexpressed CXCR4. Intrathecal delivery of CXCR4 inhibitor Plerixafor (AMD3100) or ROCK2 inhibitor Fasudil abrogated tumor cell implantation-induced pain hypersensitivity and tumor cell implantation-induced increase in p-RhoA and p-ROCK2 expressions. Intrathecal injection of stromal-derived factor-1, the principal ligand for CXCR4, accelerated p-RhoA expression in naive rats, which was prevented by postadministration of CXCR4 inhibitor Plerixafor (AMD3100) or ROCK2 inhibitor Fasudil. Conclusions Collectively, the spinal RhoA/ROCK2 pathway could be a critical downstream target for CXCR4-mediated neuronal sensitization and pain hypersensitivity in bone cancer pain, and it may serve as a potent therapeutic target for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chong Peng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Tai Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Ying Yao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Yin
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Advanced in silico validation framework for three-dimensional traction force microscopy and application to an in vitro model of sprouting angiogenesis. Acta Biomater 2021; 126:326-338. [PMID: 33737201 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, cellular forces in three-dimensional hydrogels that mimic the extracellular matrix have been calculated by means of Traction Force Microscopy (TFM). However, characterizing the accuracy limits of a traction recovery method is critical to avoid obscuring physiological information due to traction recovery errors. So far, 3D TFM algorithms have only been validated using simplified cell geometries, bypassing image processing steps or arbitrarily simulating focal adhesions. Moreover, it is still uncertain which of the two common traction recovery methods, i.e., forward and inverse, is more robust against the inherent challenges of 3D TFM. In this work, we established an advanced in silico validation framework that is applicable to any 3D TFM experimental setup and that can be used to correctly couple the experimental and computational aspects of 3D TFM. Advancements relate to the simultaneous incorporation of complex cell geometries, simulation of microscopy images of varying bead densities and different focal adhesion sizes and distributions. By measuring the traction recovery error with respect to ground truth solutions, we found that while highest traction recovery errors occur for cases with sparse and small focal adhesions, our implementation of the inverse method improves two-fold the accuracy with respect to the forward method (average error of 23% vs. 50%). This advantage was further supported by recovering cellular tractions around angiogenic sprouts in an in vitro model of angiogenesis. The inverse method recovered higher traction peaks and a clearer pulling pattern at the sprout protrusion tips than the forward method. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomaterial performance is often studied by quantifying cell-matrix mechanical interactions by means of Traction Force Microscopy (TFM). However, 3D TFM algorithms are often validated in simplified scenarios, which do not allow to fully assess errors that could obscure physiological information. Here, we established an advanced in silico validation framework that mimics real TFM experimental conditions and that characterizes the expected errors of a 3D TFM workflow. We apply this framework to demonstrate the enhanced accuracy of a novel inverse traction recovery method that is illustrated in the context of an in vitro model of sprouting angiogenesis. Together, our study shows the importance of a proper traction recovery method to minimise errors and the need for an advanced framework to assess those errors.
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Cordeiro Mitchell CN, Islam MS, Afrin S, Brennan J, Psoter KJ, Segars JH. Mechanical stiffness augments ligand-dependent progesterone receptor B activation via MEK 1/2 and Rho/ROCK-dependent signaling pathways in uterine fibroid cells. Fertil Steril 2021; 116:255-265. [PMID: 33676751 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether mechanical substrate stiffness would influence progesterone receptor B (PRB) signaling in fibroid cells. Uterine fibroids feature an excessive extracellular matrix, increased stiffness, and altered mechanical signaling. Fibroid growth is stimulated by progestins and opposed by anti-progestins, but a functional interaction between progesterone action and mechanical signaling has not been evaluated. DESIGN Laboratory studies. SETTING Translational science laboratory. PATIENT(S)/ANIMAL(S) Human fibroid cell lines and patient-matched fibroid and myometrial cell lines. INTERVENTION(S) Progesterone receptor B-dependent reporter assays and messenger RNA quantitation in cells cultured on stiff polystyrene plates (3GPa) or soft silicone plates (930KPa). Pharmacologic inhibitors of extracellular signal-related protein kinase (ERK) kinase 1/2 (MEK 1/2; PD98059), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (SB202190), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs; nintedanib), RhoA (A13), and Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK; Y27632). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Progesterone-responsive reporter activation. RESULT(S) Fibroid cells exhibited higher PRB-dependent reporter activity with progesterone (P4) in cells cultured on stiff vs. soft plates. Mechanically induced PRB activation with P4 was decreased 62% by PD98059, 78% by nintedanib, 38% by A13, and 50% by Y27632. Overexpression of the Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (Rho-GEF), AKAP13, significantly increased PRB-dependent reporter activity. Collagen 1 messenger RNA levels were higher in fibroid cells grown on stiff vs. soft plates with P4. CONCLUSION(S) Cells cultured on mechanically stiff substrates had enhanced PRB activation via a mechanism that required MEK 1/2 and AKAP13/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathways. These studies provide a framework to explore the mechanisms by which mechanical stiffness affects progesterone receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Cordeiro Mitchell
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Md Soriful Islam
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sadia Afrin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joshua Brennan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kevin J Psoter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James H Segars
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Rigiracciolo DC, Cirillo F, Talia M, Muglia L, Gutkind JS, Maggiolini M, Lappano R. Focal Adhesion Kinase Fine Tunes Multifaced Signals toward Breast Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:645. [PMID: 33562737 PMCID: PMC7915897 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer represents the most common diagnosed malignancy and the main leading cause of tumor-related death among women worldwide. Therefore, several efforts have been made in order to identify valuable molecular biomarkers for the prognosis and prediction of therapeutic responses in breast tumor patients. In this context, emerging discoveries have indicated that focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, might represent a promising target involved in breast tumorigenesis. Of note, high FAK expression and activity have been tightly correlated with a poor clinical outcome and metastatic features in several tumors, including breast cancer. Recently, a role for the integrin-FAK signaling in mechanotransduction has been suggested and the function of FAK within the breast tumor microenvironment has been ascertained toward tumor angiogenesis and vascular permeability. FAK has been also involved in cancer stem cells (CSCs)-mediated initiation, maintenance and therapeutic responses of breast tumors. In addition, the potential of FAK to elicit breast tumor-promoting effects has been even associated with the capability to modulate immune responses. On the basis of these findings, several agents targeting FAK have been exploited in diverse preclinical tumor models. Here, we recapitulate the multifaceted action exerted by FAK and its prognostic significance in breast cancer. Moreover, we highlight the recent clinical evidence regarding the usefulness of FAK inhibitors in the treatment of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Cosimo Rigiracciolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Marianna Talia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Lucia Muglia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Jorge Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
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62
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Thai VL, Griffin KH, Thorpe SW, Randall RL, Leach JK. Tissue engineered platforms for studying primary and metastatic neoplasm behavior in bone. J Biomech 2021; 115:110189. [PMID: 33385867 PMCID: PMC7855491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, claiming more than 560,000 lives each year. Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone in children and young adults, while bone is a common site of metastasis for tumors initiating from other tissues. The heterogeneity, continual evolution, and complexity of this disease at different stages of tumor progression drives a critical need for physiologically relevant models that capture the dynamic cancer microenvironment and advance chemotherapy techniques. Monolayer cultures have been favored for cell-based research for decades due to their simplicity and scalability. However, the nature of these models makes it impossible to fully describe the biomechanical and biochemical cues present in 3-dimensional (3D) microenvironments, such as ECM stiffness, degradability, surface topography, and adhesivity. Biomaterials have emerged as valuable tools to model the behavior of various cancers by creating highly tunable 3D systems for studying neoplasm behavior, screening chemotherapeutic drugs, and developing novel treatment delivery techniques. This review highlights the recent application of biomaterials toward the development of tumor models, details methods for their tunability, and discusses the clinical and therapeutic applications of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Thai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Katherine H Griffin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Steven W Thorpe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - R Lor Randall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - J Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
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Xu X, Zhang M, Xu F, Jiang S. Wnt signaling in breast cancer: biological mechanisms, challenges and opportunities. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:165. [PMID: 33234169 PMCID: PMC7686704 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a highly conserved signaling pathway that plays a critical role in controlling embryonic and organ development, as well as cancer progression. Genome-wide sequencing and gene expression profile analyses have demonstrated that Wnt signaling is involved mainly in the processes of breast cancer proliferation and metastasis. The most recent studies have indicated that Wnt signaling is also crucial in breast cancer immune microenvironment regulation, stemness maintenance, therapeutic resistance, phenotype shaping, etc. Wnt/β-Catenin, Wnt-planar cell polarity (PCP), and Wnt-Ca2+ signaling are three well-established Wnt signaling pathways that share overlapping components and play different roles in breast cancer progression. In this review, we summarize the main findings concerning the relationship between Wnt signaling and breast cancer and provide an overview of existing mechanisms, challenges, and potential opportunities for advancing the therapy and diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Xu
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Miaofeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Faying Xu
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Shaojie Jiang
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
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64
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Pratt SJP, Lee RM, Chang KT, Hernández-Ochoa EO, Annis DA, Ory EC, Thompson KN, Bailey PC, Mathias TJ, Ju JA, Vitolo MI, Schneider MF, Stains JP, Ward CW, Martin SS. Mechanoactivation of NOX2-generated ROS elicits persistent TRPM8 Ca 2+ signals that are inhibited by oncogenic KRas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26008-26019. [PMID: 33020304 PMCID: PMC7584994 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009495117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the mechanical microenvironment and mechanical signals are observed during tumor progression, malignant transformation, and metastasis. In this context, understanding the molecular details of mechanotransduction signaling may provide unique therapeutic targets. Here, we report that normal breast epithelial cells are mechanically sensitive, responding to transient mechanical stimuli through a two-part calcium signaling mechanism. We observed an immediate, robust rise in intracellular calcium (within seconds) followed by a persistent extracellular calcium influx (up to 30 min). This persistent calcium was sustained via microtubule-dependent mechanoactivation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), which acted on transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) channels to prolong calcium signaling. In contrast, the introduction of a constitutively active oncogenic KRas mutation inhibited the magnitude of initial calcium signaling and severely blunted persistent calcium influx. The identification that oncogenic KRas suppresses mechanically-induced calcium at the level of ROS provides a mechanism for how KRas could alter cell responses to tumor microenvironment mechanics and may reveal chemotherapeutic targets for cancer. Moreover, we find that expression changes in both NOX2 and TRPM8 mRNA predict poor clinical outcome in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer patients, a population with limited available treatment options. The clinical and mechanistic data demonstrating disruption of this mechanically-activated calcium pathway in breast cancer patients and by KRas activation reveal signaling alterations that could influence cancer cell responses to the tumor mechanical microenvironment and impact patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J P Pratt
- Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Rachel M Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Katarina T Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Erick O Hernández-Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - David A Annis
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Eleanor C Ory
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Keyata N Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Patrick C Bailey
- Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Trevor J Mathias
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Julia A Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Michele I Vitolo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Martin F Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Christopher W Ward
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Stuart S Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201;
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
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Li S, Bai H, Chen X, Gong S, Xiao J, Li D, Li L, Jiang Y, Li T, Qin X, Yang H, Wu C, You F, Liu Y. Soft Substrate Promotes Osteosarcoma Cell Self-Renewal, Differentiation, and Drug Resistance Through miR-29b and Its Target Protein Spin 1. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5588-5598. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Bai
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyan Chen
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Gong
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jinman Xiao
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Fengming You
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Zakaria MA, Rajab NF, Chua EW, Selvarajah GT, Masre SF. The Roles of Tissue Rigidity and Its Underlying Mechanisms in Promoting Tumor Growth. Cancer Invest 2020; 38:445-462. [PMID: 32713210 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2020.1802474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissues become more rigid during tumorigenesis and have been identified as a driving factor for tumor growth. Here, we highlight the concept of tissue rigidity, contributing factors that increase tissue rigidity, and mechanisms that promote tumor growth initiated by increased tissue rigidity. Various factors lead to increased tissue rigidity, promoting tumor growth by activating focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK). Consequently, result in recruitment of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor protection from immunosurveillance. We also discussed the rationale for targeting tumor tissue rigidity and its potential for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asyaari Zakaria
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Science Programme, Centre for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng Wee Chua
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gayathri Thevi Selvarajah
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fathiah Masre
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Science Programme, Centre for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Schwager SC, Reinhart-King CA. Mechanobiology of microvesicle release, uptake, and microvesicle-mediated activation. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2020; 86:255-278. [PMID: 33837695 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Microvesicles are small, membrane-bound vesicles that are shed from the plasma membrane of cells into the extracellular space. Microvesicles contain a variety of cargo not typically thought to be released from cells, including receptor tyrosine kinases, cytosolic signaling proteins, and microRNAs, which are transferred from donor cells to recipient cells. The transfer of microvesicle cargo can result in the transformation of recipient cells thereby supporting disease progression, including modified fibroblast metabolism, epithelial cell contractility, vascular remodeling, and immune cell inflammatory signaling. Additionally, microvesicles are believed to play prominent roles in cell-cell communication and disease progression as they are detected at elevated concentrations in diseased tissues. As microvesicle uptake by recipient cells can modulate cell function to promote disease progression, understanding the mechanisms and mechanosensitivity of microvesicle release, internalization, and the resulting signaling is crucial to fully comprehend their functions in disease. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of actomyosin-regulated microvesicle biogenesis, microvesicle uptake via pinocytosis, and the resulting cellular transformation. We discuss the effects of altered cell contractility, mode of cell migration, and extracellular matrix compliance on microvesicle signaling, with direct implications in disease progression and identifying future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Schwager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Alteration of cell motility dynamics through collagen fiber density in photopolymerized polyethylene glycol hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 157:414-423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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69
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McCrary MW, Bousalis D, Mobini S, Song YH, Schmidt CE. Decellularized tissues as platforms for in vitro modeling of healthy and diseased tissues. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:1-19. [PMID: 32464269 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical engineers are at the forefront of developing novel treatments to improve human health, however, many products fail to translate to clinical implementation. In vivo pre-clinical animal models, although the current best approximation of complex disease conditions, are limited by reproducibility, ethical concerns, and poor accurate prediction of human response. Hence, there is a need to develop physiologically relevant, low cost, scalable, and reproducible in vitro platforms to provide reliable means for testing drugs, biomaterials, and tissue engineered products for successful clinical translation. One emerging approach of developing physiologically relevant in vitro models utilizes decellularized tissues/organs as biomaterial platforms for 2D and 3D models of healthy and diseased tissue. Decellularization is a process that removes cellular content and produces tissue-specific extracellular matrix scaffolds that can more accurately recapitulate an organ/tissue's native microenvironment compared to other natural or synthetic materials. Decellularized tissues hold enormous potential for in vitro modeling of various disease phenotypes and tissue responses to drugs or external conditions such as aging, toxin exposure, or even implantation. In this review, we highlight the need for in vitro models, the advantages and limitations of implementing decellularized tissues, and considerations of the decellularization process. We discuss current research efforts towards applying decellularized tissues as platforms to generate in vitro models of healthy and diseased tissues, and where we foresee the field progressing. A variety of organs/tissues are discussed, including brain, heart, kidney, large intestine, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, skin, and tongue. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Many biomedical products fail to reach clinical translation due to animal model limitations. Development of physiologically relevant in vitro models can provide a more economic, scalable, and reproducible means of testing drugs/therapeutics for successful clinical translation. The use of decellularized tissues as platforms for in vitro models holds promise, as these scaffolds can effectively replicate native tissue complexity, but is not widely explored. This review discusses the need for in vitro models, the promise of decellularized tissues as biomaterial substrates, and the current research applying decellularized tissues towards the creation of in vitro models. Further, this review provides insights into the current limitations and future of such in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela W McCrary
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Deanna Bousalis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Sahba Mobini
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Instituto de Micro y Nanotechnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Calle Isaac Newton 8, 28760 Madrid, Tres Cantos, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Nicolás Cabrera, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 134 White Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States.
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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Devarasetty M, Forsythe SD, Shelkey E, Soker S. In Vitro Modeling of the Tumor Microenvironment in Tumor Organoids. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:759-771. [PMID: 32399776 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment (TME) represents the many components occupying the space within and surrounding a tumor, including cells, signaling factors, extracellular matrix, and vasculature. Each component has the potential to assume many forms and functions which in turn contribute to the overall state of the TME, and further contribute to the progression and disposition of the tumor itself. The sum of these components can drive a tumor towards progression, keep a migratory tumor at bay, or even control chemotherapeutic response. The wide potential for interaction that the TME is an integral part of a tumor's ecosystem, and it is imperative to include it when studying and modeling cancer in vitro. Fortunately, the development of tissue engineering and biofabrication technologies and methodologies have allowed widespread inclusion of TME-based factors into in vitro tissue-equivalent models. METHODS In this review, we compiled contemporary literature sources to provide an overview of the field of TME models, ranging from simple to complex. RESULTS We have identified important components of the TME, how they can be included in in vitro study, and cover examples across a range of cancer types. CONCLUSION Our goal with this text is to provide a foundation for prospective research into the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Devarasetty
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Steven D Forsythe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Ethan Shelkey
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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71
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Li X, Wang J. Mechanical tumor microenvironment and transduction: cytoskeleton mediates cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2014-2028. [PMID: 32549750 PMCID: PMC7294938 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.44943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a complicated, multistep process that is responsible for over 90% of cancer-related death. Metastatic disease or the movement of cancer cells from one site to another requires dramatic remodeling of the cytoskeleton. The regulation of cancer cell migration is determined not only by biochemical factors in the microenvironment but also by the biomechanical contextual information provided by the extracellular matrix (ECM). The responses of the cytoskeleton to chemical signals are well characterized and understood. However, the mechanisms of response to mechanical signals in the form of externally applied force and forces generated by the ECM are still poorly understood. Furthermore, understanding the way cellular mechanosensors interact with the physical properties of the microenvironment and transmit the signals to activate the cytoskeletal movements may help identify an effective strategy for the treatment of cancer. Here, we will discuss the role of tumor microenvironment during cancer metastasis and how physical forces remodel the cytoskeleton through mechanosensing and transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders Diseases, Beijing, 100044, China
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72
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Anisotropic stiffness gradient-regulated mechanical guidance drives directional migration of cancer cells. Acta Biomater 2020; 106:181-192. [PMID: 32044461 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interfacial interactions between cancer cells and surrounding microenvironment involve complex mechanotransduction mechanisms that are directly associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. Matrix remodeling triggers heterogeneity of stiffness in tumor microenvironment and thus generates anisotropic stiffness gradient (ASG). The migration of cancer cells mediated by ASG, however, still remains elusive. Based on a multi-layer polymerization method of microstructured hydrogels with surface topology, we develop an in vitro experimental platform for mechanical interactions of cancer cells with ASG matrix microenvironment. We show that mechanical guidance of mesenchymal cells is essentially modulated by ASG, leading to a spontaneous directional migration along the orientation parallel to the maximum stiffness although there is no stiffness gradient in the direction. The ASG-regulated mechanical guidance presents an alternative way of cancer cell directional migration. Further, our findings indicate that the mechanical guidance occurs only in mesenchymal cancer cells, but not in epithelial cancer cells, implying that cell contractility may contribute to ASG-regulated migration of cells. This work is not only helpful for elucidating the role of matrix remodeling in mediating tumor cell invasion and metastasis, but has potential implications for developing specific cancer treatments. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Local extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening triggers mechanical heterogeneity in tumor microenvironment, which can exert a crucial impact on interfacial interactions between tumor cells and surrounding ECM. The underlying mechanobiological mechanism that tumor cells are modulated by mechanically heterogeneous ECM, however, still remains mysterious to a great extent. Through our established in vitro platform and analysis, we have demonstrated that anisotropic stiffness gradient (ASG) has the ability to elicit directional migration of cells, essentially depending on local stiffness gradients and the corresponding absolute stiffness values. This study is not only crucial for revealing the role of matrix remodeling in regulating tumor invasion and metastasis, but also offers a valuable guidance for developing anti-tumor therapies from the biomechanical perspective.
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73
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Balcioglu HE, Balasubramaniam L, Stirbat TV, Doss BL, Fardin MA, Mège RM, Ladoux B. A subtle relationship between substrate stiffness and collective migration of cell clusters. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1825-1839. [PMID: 31970382 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01893j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The physical cues from the extracellular environment mediates cell signaling spatially and temporally. Cells respond to physical cues from their environment in a non-monotonic fashion. Despite our understanding of the role of substrate rigidity on single cell migration, how cells respond collectively to increasing extracellular matrix stiffness is not well established. Here we patterned multicellular epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) islands on polyacrylamide gels of varying stiffness and studied their expansion. Our findings show that the MDCK islands expanded faster with increasing stiffness only up to an optimum stiffness, over which the expansion plateaued. We then focused on the expansion of the front of the assemblies and the formation of leader cells. We observed cell front destabilization only above substrate stiffness of a few kPa. The extension of multicellular finger-like structures at the edges of the colonies for intermediate and high stiffnesses from 6 to 60 kPa responded to higher substrate stiffness by increasing focal adhesion areas and actin cable assembly. Additionally, the number of leader cells at the finger-like protrusions increased with stiffness in correlation with an increase of the area of these multicellular protrusions. Consequently, the force profile along the epithelial fingers in the parallel and transverse directions of migration showed an unexpected relationship leading to a global force decrease with the increase of stiffness. Taken together, our findings show that epithelial cell colonies respond to substrate stiffness but in a non-trivial manner that may be of importance to understand morphogenesis and collective cell invasion during tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayri E Balcioglu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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74
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Qin X, Lv X, Li P, Yang R, Xia Q, Chen Y, Peng Y, Li L, Li S, Li T, Jiang Y, Yang H, Wu C, Zheng C, Zhu J, You F, Wang H, Chen J, Liu Y. Matrix stiffness modulates ILK-mediated YAP activation to control the drug resistance of breast cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165625. [PMID: 31785406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer progression is strong drug resistance during clinical treatments. The tumor microenvironment is closely associated with multidrug resistance, the optimization of tumor microenvironments may have a strong therapeutic effect. In this study, we configured polyacrylamide hydrogels of varying stiffness [low (10 kPa), intermediate (38 kPa) and high (57 kPa)] to simulate tissue physical matrix stiffness across different stages of breast cancer. After treatment with doxorubicin, cell survival rates on intermediate stiffness substrate are significantly higher. We find that high expression of ILK and YAP reduces the survival rates of breast cancer patients. Drug resistance is closely associated with the inactivation of the hippo pathway protein Merlin/MST/LATS and the activation of YAP. These results not only highlight the understanding of drug resistance mechanisms but also serve as a new basis for developing breast cancer treatment delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China; Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Lv
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qiong Xia
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yueting Peng
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China; Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China; Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China; Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China; Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China; Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China; Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fengming You
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China; Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, PR China; Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China.
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75
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Deng X, Yi X, Deng J, Zou Y, Wang S, Shan W, Liu P, Zhang Z, Chen L, Hao L. ROCK2 promotes osteosarcoma growth and metastasis by modifying PFKFB3 ubiquitination and degradation. Exp Cell Res 2019; 385:111689. [PMID: 31678169 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) are widely involved in cell biological activities and play a key role in controlling various cell phenomena. However, the underlying mechanisms connecting ROCK2 and PFKFB3 in osteosarcoma growth and metastasis are poorly understood. In this study, we explored and analysed the role and molecular mechanism of ROCK2 and PFKFB3 in osteosarcoma. We analysed ROCK2 and PFKFB3 protein expression in 51 surgical specimens from osteosarcoma patients and determined the correlation between ROCK2 and PFKFB3. In addition, we used Transwell and wound-healing assays to detect cell invasion and migration and CCK8 and EdU assays to assess cell proliferation. Herein, we confirmed that ROCK2 and PFKFB3 proteins were significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma compared with adjacent normal tissues. Further studies revealed that knockdown of ROCK2 significantly decreased the expression levels of PFKFB3; moreover, growth and metastasis were decreased in shROCK2 osteosarcoma cells. Additionally, upregulation of PFKFB3 rescued the decreased proliferation and metastasis induced by ROCK2 knockdown, whereas knockdown of PFKFB3 decreased ROCK2-enhanced osteosarcoma proliferation and metastasis. These results suggest that PFKFB3 is essential for ROCK2-mediated proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells. Mechanistically, ROCK2 stabilizes PFKFB3 expression by modifying its ubiquitination and degradation. Taken together, our results link two drivers of proliferation and metastasis in osteosarcoma and identify a novel pathway for PFKFB3 regulation. Thus, we provide new evidence of the biological and clinical significance of PFKFB3 as a potential biomarker for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuan Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianyong Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yeqin Zou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenhao Shan
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Leifeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Liang Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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76
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Hu C, Zhou H, Liu Y, Huang J, Liu W, Zhang Q, Tang Q, Sheng F, Li G, Zhang R. ROCK1 promotes migration and invasion of non‑small‑cell lung cancer cells through the PTEN/PI3K/FAK pathway. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:833-844. [PMID: 31485605 PMCID: PMC6741846 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), a member of the ROCK family, serves an important function in cell migration and invasion in neoplasms. ROCK1 has been found to be overexpressed in several types of cancers. However, the role of ROCK1 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poorly understood. In the present study, ROCK1 was found to be overexpressed in NSCLC cells and tissues, and it was associated with poor survival of NSCLC patients. Subsequently, ROCK1 knockdown NSCLC cell lines were established using shRNA. ROCK1 knockdown significantly reduced the migration and invasion ability in the cell monolayer scratching and Transwell assays. ROCK1 knockdown was also found to markedly inhibit cell adhesion ability. Moreover, the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was inhibited by ROCK1 knockdown, reducing NSCLC cell migration and invasion ability. This mechanistic study revealed that ROCK1 significantly enhanced cell migration and invasion by inhibiting the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/FAK pathway. More importantly, the interruption of the PTEN/PI3K/FAK pathway markedly rescued the inhibition of cell migration and invasion mediated by ROCK1 knockdown. Taken together, these results suggest a novel role for ROCK1 in cell migration and invasion by inhibiting cell adhesion ability, and indicate that ROCK1 may be of value as a therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Huyue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yali Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jingbin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Wuyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Guobing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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77
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The tumor biochemical and biophysical microenvironments synergistically contribute to cancer cell malignancy. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:1186-1187. [PMID: 31471589 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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78
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Chen Z, Peng Y, Xie X, Feng Y, Li T, Li S, Qin X, Yang H, Wu C, Zheng C, Zhu J, You F, Liu Y. Dendrimer-Functionalized Superparamagnetic Nanobeacons for Real-Time Detection and Depletion of HSP90α mRNA and MR Imaging. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:5784-5796. [PMID: 31534519 PMCID: PMC6735378 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims: The use of antisense oligonucleotide-based nanosystems for the detection and regulation of tumor-related gene expression is thought to be a promising approach for cancer diagnostics and therapies. Herein, we report that a cubic-shaped iron oxide nanoparticle (IONC) core nanobeacon is capable of delivering an HSP90α mRNA-specific molecular beacon (HSP90-MB) into living cells and enhancing T2-weighted MR imaging in a tumor model. Methods: The nanobeacons were built with IONC, generation 4 poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (G4 PAMAM), Pluronic P123 (P123) and HSP90-MB labeled with a quencher (BHQ1) and a fluorophore (Alexa Fluor 488). Results: After internalization by malignant cells overexpressing HSP90α, the fluorescence of the nanobeacon was recovered, thus distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells. Meanwhile, MB-mRNA hybridization led to enzyme activity that degraded DNA/RNA hybrids and resulted in downregulation of HSP90α at both the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the T2-weighted MR imaging ability of the nanobeacons was increased after PAMAM and P123 modification, which exhibited good biocompatibility and hemocompatibility. Conclusions: The nanobeacons show promise for applicability to tumor-related mRNA detection, regulation and multiscale imaging in the fields of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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