51
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Cao Y, Yan J, Liu H. [Clinical research progress of mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of chronic wounds]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:496-501. [PMID: 33855836 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202011009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To review the clinical research progress of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of chronic wounds. Methods The literature related to the chronic wound repair with MSCs at home and abroad in recent years was extensively reviewed, and the possible mechanism of MSCs in the treatment of chronic wounds, as well as its application and existing problems were summarized. Results MSCs can participate in all aspects of chronic wound healing to promote wound healing, and has shown broad application prospects in clinical trials. MSCs commonly used in clinical research include bone marrow-derived MSCs, adipose-derived tissue MSCs, and umbilical cord-derived MSCs. Conclusion MSCs treatment is a promising strategy for the chronic wounds, but there are still many problems in its widespread clinical application that require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Cao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Innovative Technology Research Institute of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510630, P.R.China
| | - Jianxin Yan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Innovative Technology Research Institute of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510630, P.R.China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Innovative Technology Research Institute of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510630, P.R.China
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52
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Dias IE, Cardoso DF, Soares CS, Barros LC, Viegas CA, Carvalho PP, Dias IR. Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in musculoskeletal injuries in dogs-a review of the scientific literature. Open Vet J 2021; 11:188-202. [PMID: 34307075 PMCID: PMC8288740 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, which is defined by their ability to self-renew while maintaining the capacity to differentiate into a certain number of cells, presumably from their own germinal layer. MSCs therapy is based on their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory (immunosuppressive), and regenerative potential. This review aims to provide a clinical overview of the MSCs potential as a therapeutic option for orthopedic diseases in dogs. A total of 25 clinical studies published in the scientific literature in the last 15 years on various diseases will be presented: semitendinosus myopathy, supraspinatus tendinopathy, cruciate ligament rupture, bone fractures and defects, and also osteoarthritis (OA). All articles involved in this study include only diseases that have naturally occurred in canine patients. MSCs therapy in the veterinary orthopedic field has great potential, especially for OA. All studies presented promising results. However, MSCs bone healing capacity did not reveal such favorable outcomes in the long term. Besides, most of these clinical studies did not include immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and histopathology to confirm that MSCs have differentiated and incorporated into the injured tissues. This review summarizes the current knowledge of canine MSCs biology, immunology, and clinical application in canine orthopedic diseases. Despite the positive results in its use, there is still a lack of defined protocols, heterogeneous samples, and concomitant medications used with MSCs therapy compromising therapeutic effects. Further studies are needed in the hope of overcoming its limitation in upcoming trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês E. Dias
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, ECAV, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- CIVG—Vasco da Gama Research Center, Vasco da Gama University School, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes, Campus Universitário, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo F. Cardoso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, ECAV, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carla S. Soares
- VetLamaçães Small Animal Clinic, Braga, Portugal
- CECAV – Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís C. Barros
- CIVG—Vasco da Gama Research Center, Vasco da Gama University School, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes, Campus Universitário, Coimbra, Portugal
- VetLamaçães Small Animal Clinic, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos A. Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, ECAV, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - Government Associate Laboratory, CITAB – Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Minho, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- CITAB – Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro P. Carvalho
- CIVG—Vasco da Gama Research Center, Vasco da Gama University School, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes, Campus Universitário, Coimbra, Portugal
- Vetherapy, 479. St, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Isabel R. Dias
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, ECAV, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - Government Associate Laboratory, CITAB – Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Minho, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- CITAB – Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
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53
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Ruiz-Alonso S, Lafuente-Merchan M, Ciriza J, Saenz-Del-Burgo L, Pedraz JL. Tendon tissue engineering: Cells, growth factors, scaffolds and production techniques. J Control Release 2021; 333:448-486. [PMID: 33811983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are a global health problem that affects millions of people annually. The properties of tendons make their natural rehabilitation a very complex and long-lasting process. Thanks to the development of the fields of biomaterials, bioengineering and cell biology, a new discipline has emerged, tissue engineering. Within this discipline, diverse approaches have been proposed. The obtained results turn out to be promising, as increasingly more complex and natural tendon-like structures are obtained. In this review, the nature of the tendon and the conventional treatments that have been applied so far are underlined. Then, a comparison between the different tendon tissue engineering approaches that have been proposed to date is made, focusing on each of the elements necessary to obtain the structures that allow adequate regeneration of the tendon: growth factors, cells, scaffolds and techniques for scaffold development. The analysis of all these aspects allows understanding, in a global way, the effect that each element used in the regeneration of the tendon has and, thus, clarify the possible future approaches by making new combinations of materials, designs, cells and bioactive molecules to achieve a personalized regeneration of a functional tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ruiz-Alonso
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Markel Lafuente-Merchan
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jesús Ciriza
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Saenz-Del-Burgo
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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54
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Wei B, Lu J. Characterization of Tendon-Derived Stem Cells and Rescue Tendon Injury. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1534-1551. [PMID: 33651334 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The natural healing ability of tendon is limited, and it cannot restore the native structure and function of tendon injuries. Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) are a new type of pluripotent stem cells with multi-directional differentiation potential and are expected to become a promising cell-seed for the treatment of tendon injuries in the future. In this review, we outline the latest advances in the culture and identification of TDSCs. In addition, the influencing factors on the differentiation of TDSCs are discussed. Moreover, we aim to discuss recent studies to enhance TDSCs treatment of injured tendons. Finally, we identify the limitations of the current understanding of TDSCs biology, the main challenges of using their use, and potential therapeutic strategies to inform cell-based tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wei
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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55
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Tsai SL, Noedl MT, Galloway JL. Bringing tendon biology to heel: Leveraging mechanisms of tendon development, healing, and regeneration to advance therapeutic strategies. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:393-413. [PMID: 33169466 PMCID: PMC8486356 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendons are specialized matrix-rich connective tissues that transmit forces from muscle to bone and are essential for movement. As tissues that frequently transfer large mechanical loads, tendons are commonly injured in patients of all ages. Following injury, mammalian tendons heal poorly through a slow process that forms disorganized fibrotic scar tissue with inferior biomechanical function. Current treatments are limited and patients can be left with a weaker tendon that is likely to rerupture and an increased chance of developing degenerative conditions. More effective, alternative treatments are needed. However, our current understanding of tendon biology remains limited. Here, we emphasize why expanding our knowledge of tendon development, healing, and regeneration is imperative for advancing tendon regenerative medicine. We provide a comprehensive review of the current mechanisms governing tendon development and healing and further highlight recent work in regenerative tendon models including the neonatal mouse and zebrafish. Importantly, we discuss how present and future discoveries can be applied to both augment current treatments and design novel strategies to treat tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Tsai
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Marie-Therese Noedl
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Jenna L. Galloway
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138
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56
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Green synthesis of Cuminum cyminum silver nanoparticles: Characterizations and cytocompatibility with lapine primary tenocytes. J Biosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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57
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Huang Z, Yin Z, Xu J, Fei Y, Heng BC, Jiang X, Chen W, Shen W. Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cell Subpopulations and Their Implications in Tendon Biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631272. [PMID: 33681210 PMCID: PMC7930382 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon harbors a cell population that possesses stem cell characteristics such as clonogenicity, multipotency and self-renewal capacity, commonly referred to as tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs). Various techniques have been employed to study how TSPCs are implicated in tendon development, homeostasis and healing. Recent advances in single-cell analysis have enabled much progress in identifying and characterizing distinct subpopulations of TSPCs, which provides a more comprehensive view of TSPCs function in tendon biology. Understanding the mechanisms of physiological and pathological processes regulated by TSPCs, especially a particular subpopulation, would greatly benefit treatment of diseased tendons. Here, we summarize the current scientific literature on the various subpopulations of TSPCs, and discuss how TSPCs can contribute to tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis, as well as examine the key modulatory signaling pathways that determine stem/progenitor cell state. A better understanding of the roles that TSPCs play in tendon biology may facilitate the development of novel treatment strategies for tendon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi Yin
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang Fei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesheng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China
| | - Weishan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
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58
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Xu Y, Yin H, Chu J, Eglin D, Serra T, Docheva D. An anisotropic nanocomposite hydrogel guides aligned orientation and enhances tenogenesis of human tendon stem/progenitor cells. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1237-1245. [PMID: 33576754 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01127d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The uniform and aligned arrangement of tendon cells is a marker of tendon tissue morphology and the embodiment of its biological anisotropy. However, most of the hydrogels used for tendon tissue engineering do not present anisotropic structures. In this work, a magnetically-responsive nanocomposite hydrogel composed of collagen type I (COL I) and aligned iron oxide nanoparticles (IOPs) was investigated for potential application in tendon tissue engineering. COL I with a mixture of remotely aligned IOPs (A/IOPs) and human tendon stem/progenitor cells (COL I-A/IOPs-hTSPCs) was prepared and the alignment of IOPs was induced under a remote magnetic field. Following the gelation of COL I, a stable and anisotropic nanocomposite COL I-A/IOPs hydrogel was formed. In addition, hTSPCs embedded in COL I with random IOPs (COL I-R/IOPs-hTSPCs) and in pure COL I (COL I-hTSPCs) were used as control groups. Cell viability, proliferation, morphology, cell row formation, and alignment of IOPs and hTSPCs were evaluated over time. In addition, a comprehensive gene expression profile of 48 different genes, including tendon-related genes and lineage/cross-linking genes, was obtained by implementing designer quantitative RT-PCR plates. The hTSPCs morphology followed the orientation of the anisotropic COL I-A/IOPs hydrogel with increased row formation in comparison to pristine COL I and COL-R/IOPs. Moreover, higher proliferation rate and significant upregulation of tendon gene markers were measured in comparison to hTSPCs cultivated in the COL I-R/IOPs and COL I. Thus, we suggest that providing the cells with aligned focal contact points, namely the aligned IOPs, is sufficient to provoke an immense effect on the formation of aligned cell rows. Taken together, we report a novel strategy for directing stem cell behavior without the use of exogenous growth factors or pre-aligned COL I fibers, and propose that anisotropic nanocomposite hydrogels hold great potential for tendon tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichi Xu
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos Platz, Switzerland.
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59
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Hogan MV, Scott DM, Canton SP, LaBaze D, Yan AY, Wang JHC. Biologic therapies for foot and ankle injuries. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 21:717-730. [PMID: 33382002 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1866534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The use of orthobiologics as supplemental treatment for foot and ankle pathologies have increased in the past decades. They have been used to improve the healing of bone and soft tissue injuries. There have been several studies that examined the use of biologics for knee and hip pathologies but the foot and ankle construct has unique features that must be considered.Areas covered: The biologics for foot and ankle injuries that are covered in this review are platelet-rich plasma (PRP), stem cells, growth factors, hyaluronic acid, bone grafts, bone substitutes, and scaffolds. These modalities are used in the treatment of pathologies related to tendon and soft tissue as well as cartilage.Expert opinion: The utilization of biological adjuncts for improved repair and regeneration of ankle injuries represents a promising future in our efforts to address difficult clinical problems. The application of concentrated bone marrow and PRP each represents the most widely studied and commonly used injection therapies with early clinical studies demonstrating promising results, research is also being done using other potential therapies such as stem cells and growth factors; further investigation and outcome data are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- MaCalus V Hogan
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Foot and Ankle Injury Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Devon M Scott
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen P Canton
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dukens LaBaze
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alan Y Yan
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Foot and Ankle Injury Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James H-C Wang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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60
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Yea JH, Kim I, Sym G, Park JK, Lee AY, Cho BC, Bae TS, Kim BJ, Jo CH. Regeneration of a full-thickness defect in rotator cuff tendon with umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235239. [PMID: 33166292 PMCID: PMC7652329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although rotator cuff disease is a common cause of shoulder pain, there is still no treatment method that could halt or reveres its development and progression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC MSCs) on the regeneration of a full-thickness rotator cuff defect (FTD) in a rat model. We injected either UC MSCs or saline to the FTD and investigated macroscopic, histological and biomechanical results and cell trafficking. Treatment with UC MSCs improved macroscopic appearance in terms of tendon thickness at two weeks, and inflammation, defect size, swelling/redness and connection surrounding tissue and slidability at four weeks compared to the saline group. Histologically, UC MSCs induced the tendon matrix formation recovering collagen organization, nuclear aspect ratio and orientation angle of fibroblast as well as suppressing cartilage-related glycosaminoglycan compared to saline group at four weeks. The UC MSCs group also improved ultimate failure load by 25.0% and 19.0% and ultimate stress by 27.3% and 26.8% at two and four weeks compared to saline group. UC MSCs labeled with PKH26 exhibited 5.3% survival at four weeks compared to three hours after injection. This study demonstrated that UC MSCs regenerated the FTD with tendon tissue similar properties to the normal tendon in terms of macroscopic, histological and biomechanical characteristics in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Yea
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - InJa Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gayoung Sym
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah-Young Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong Chan Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Collage of Science and Engineering, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Tae Soo Bae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Collage of Science and Engineering, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Byoung Jae Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chris Hyunchul Jo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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61
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Vinhas A, Rodrigues MT, Gonçalves AI, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Magnetic responsive materials modulate the inflammatory profile of IL-1β conditioned tendon cells. Acta Biomater 2020; 117:235-245. [PMID: 32966921 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tendinopathies represent half of all musculoskeletal injuries worldwide. Inflammatory events contribute to both tendon healing and to tendinopathy conditions but the cellular triggers leading to one or the other are unknown. In previous studies, we showed that magnetic field actuation modulates human tendon cells (hTDCs) behavior in pro-inflammatory environments, and that magnetic responsive membranes could positively influence inflammation responses in a rat ectopic model. Herein, we propose to investigate the potential synergistic action of the magnetic responsive membranes, made of a polymer blend of starch with polycaprolactone incorporating magnetic nanoparticles (magSPCL), and the actuation of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF): 5 Hz, 4mT of intensity and 50% of duty cycle, in IL-1β-treated-hTDCs, and in the immunomodulatory response of macrophages. It was found that the expression of pro-inflammatory (TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, COX-2) and ECM remodeling (MMP-1,-2,-3) markers tend to decrease in cells cultured onto magSPCL membranes under PEMF, while the expression of TIMP-1 and anti-inflammatory genes (IL-4, IL-10) increases. Also, CD16++ and CD206+ macrophages were only found on magSPCL membranes with PEMF application. Magnetic responsive membranes show a modulatory effect on the inflammatory profile of hTDCs favoring anti-inflammatory cues which is also supported by the anti-inflammatory/repair markers expressed in macrophages. These results suggest that magnetic responsive magSPCL membranes can contribute for inflammation resolution acting on both resident cell populations and inflammatory cells, and thus significantly contribute to tendon regenerative strategies. Statement of significance Magnetically-assisted strategies have received great attention in recent years to remotely trigger and guide cell responses. Inflammation plays a key role in tendon healing but persistent pro-inflammatory molecules can contribute to tendon disorders, and therefore provide a therapeutic target for advanced treatments. We have previously reported that magnetic fields modulate the response of human tendon cells (hTDCs) conditioned to pro-inflammatory environments (IL-1β-treated-hTDCs), and that magnetic responsive membranes positively influence immune responses. In the present work, we combined pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) and magnetic responsive membranes to guide the inflammatory profile of IL-1β-treated-hTDCs and of macrophages. The results showed that the synergistic action of PEMF and magnetic membranes supports the applicability of magnetically actuated systems to regulate inflammatory events and stimulate tendon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vinhas
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M T Rodrigues
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - A I Gonçalves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - R L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Chen ZY, Chen SH, Chen CH, Chou PY, Yang CC, Lin FH. Polysaccharide Extracted from Bletilla striata Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Human Tenocytes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112567. [PMID: 33139654 PMCID: PMC7694129 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon healing after injury is relatively slow, mainly because of the weak activity and metabolic properties of tendon cells (tenocytes). Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) has been reported to enhance cell proliferation. Here, we aimed to increase tendon cell proliferation by BSP treatment. We isolated tenocytes from the flexor tendon of human origin. Moreover, we improved the process of extracting BSP. When human tenocytes (HTs) were treated with 100 μg/mL BSP, the MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were activated, thereby enhancing the proliferation ability of tenocytes. BSP treatment also increased the migration of HTs and their ability to secrete the extracellular matrix (Col-I and Col-III). In conclusion, BSP was successfully extracted from a natural Chinese herbal extract and was shown to enhance tenocytes proliferation, migration and collagen release ability. This study is the first to demonstrate improved healing of tendons using BSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.C.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Shih-Heng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.C.); (S.-H.C.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and Medical College, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and Medical College, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Pang-Yun Chou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and Medical College, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Chun-Chen Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.C.); (S.-H.C.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-928260400
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Perucca Orfei C, Lovati AB, Lugano G, Viganò M, Bottagisio M, D'Arrigo D, Sansone V, Setti S, de Girolamo L. Pulsed electromagnetic fields improve the healing process of Achilles tendinopathy: a pilot study in a rat model. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:613-622. [PMID: 33072305 PMCID: PMC7533373 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.99.bjr-2020-0113.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims In the context of tendon degenerative disorders, the need for innovative conservative treatments that can improve the intrinsic healing potential of tendon tissue is progressively increasing. In this study, the role of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) in improving the tendon healing process was evaluated in a rat model of collagenase-induced Achilles tendinopathy. Methods A total of 68 Sprague Dawley rats received a single injection of type I collagenase in Achilles tendons to induce the tendinopathy and then were daily exposed to PEMFs (1.5 mT and 75 Hz) for up to 14 days - starting 1, 7, or 15 days after the injection - to identify the best treatment option with respect to the phase of the disease. Then, 7 and 14 days of PEMF exposure were compared to identify the most effective protocol. Results The daily exposure to PEMFs generally provided an improvement in the fibre organization, a decrease in cell density, vascularity, and fat deposition, and a restoration of the physiological cell morphology compared to untreated tendons. These improvements were more evident when the tendons were exposed to PEMFs during the mid-acute phase of the pathology (7 days after induction) rather than during the early (1 day after induction) or the late acute phase (15 days after induction). Moreover, the exposure to PEMFs for 14 days during the mid-acute phase was more effective than for 7 days. Conclusion PEMFs exerted a positive role in the tendon healing process, thus representing a promising conservative treatment for tendinopathy, although further investigations regarding the clinical evaluation are needed. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(9):613–622.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gaia Lugano
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Viganò
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniele D'Arrigo
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Sansone
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Citeroni MR, Ciardulli MC, Russo V, Della Porta G, Mauro A, El Khatib M, Di Mattia M, Galesso D, Barbera C, Forsyth NR, Maffulli N, Barboni B. In Vitro Innovation of Tendon Tissue Engineering Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6726. [PMID: 32937830 PMCID: PMC7555358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy is the term used to refer to tendon disorders. Spontaneous adult tendon healing results in scar tissue formation and fibrosis with suboptimal biomechanical properties, often resulting in poor and painful mobility. The biomechanical properties of the tissue are negatively affected. Adult tendons have a limited natural healing capacity, and often respond poorly to current treatments that frequently are focused on exercise, drug delivery, and surgical procedures. Therefore, it is of great importance to identify key molecular and cellular processes involved in the progression of tendinopathies to develop effective therapeutic strategies and drive the tissue toward regeneration. To treat tendon diseases and support tendon regeneration, cell-based therapy as well as tissue engineering approaches are considered options, though none can yet be considered conclusive in their reproduction of a safe and successful long-term solution for full microarchitecture and biomechanical tissue recovery. In vitro differentiation techniques are not yet fully validated. This review aims to compare different available tendon in vitro differentiation strategies to clarify the state of art regarding the differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Citeroni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Maria Camilla Ciardulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (G.D.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Valentina Russo
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (G.D.P.); (N.M.)
- Interdepartment Centre BIONAM, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo I, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Annunziata Mauro
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Mohammad El Khatib
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Miriam Di Mattia
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Devis Galesso
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, 35031 Abano Terme (PD), Italy; (D.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Carlo Barbera
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, 35031 Abano Terme (PD), Italy; (D.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Nicholas R. Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, UK;
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (G.D.P.); (N.M.)
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via San Leonardo 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University School of Medicine, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
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Chu J, Lu M, Pfeifer CG, Alt V, Docheva D. Rebuilding Tendons: A Concise Review on the Potential of Dermal Fibroblasts. Cells 2020; 9:E2047. [PMID: 32911760 PMCID: PMC7563185 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendons are vital to joint movement by connecting muscles to bones. Along with an increasing incidence of tendon injuries, tendon disorders can burden the quality of life of patients or the career of athletes. Current treatments involve surgical reconstruction and conservative therapy. Especially in the elderly population, tendon recovery requires lengthy periods and it may result in unsatisfactory outcome. Cell-mediated tendon engineering is a rapidly progressing experimental and pre-clinical field, which holds great potential for an alternative approach to established medical treatments. The selection of an appropriate cell source is critical and remains under investigation. Dermal fibroblasts exhibit multiple similarities to tendon cells, suggesting they may be a promising cell source for tendon engineering. Hence, the purpose of this review article was in brief, to compare tendon to dermis tissues, and summarize in vitro studies on tenogenic differentiation of dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, analysis of an open source Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data repository was carried out, revealing great overlap in the molecular profiles of both cell types. Lastly, a summary of in vivo studies employing dermal fibroblasts in tendon repair as well as pilot clinical studies in this area is included. Altogether, dermal fibroblasts hold therapeutic potential and are attractive cells for rebuilding injured tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chu
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.C.); (C.G.P.); (V.A.)
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Christian G. Pfeifer
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.C.); (C.G.P.); (V.A.)
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.C.); (C.G.P.); (V.A.)
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.C.); (C.G.P.); (V.A.)
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Yea JH, Park JK, Kim IJ, Sym G, Bae TS, Jo CH. Regeneration of a full-thickness defect of rotator cuff tendon with freshly thawed umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:387. [PMID: 32894193 PMCID: PMC7487485 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is difficult to immediately use mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the patient with rotator cuff disease because isolation and culture time are required. Thus, the MSCs would be prepared in advanced in cryopreserved condition for an "off-the-shelf" usage in clinic. This study investigated the efficacy of freshly thawed MSCs on the regeneration of a full-thickness tendon defect (FTD) of rotator cuff tendon in a rat model. METHODS We evaluated morphology, viability, and proliferation of cultured umbilical cord-derived MSCs (C-UC MSCs) and freshly thawed umbilical cord-derived MSCs (T-UC MSCs) at passage 10 in vitro. In animal experiments, we created a FTD in the supraspinatus of rats and injected the injured tendon with saline, cryopreserved agent (CPA; control), C-UC MSCs, and T-UC MSCs, respectively. Two and 4 weeks later, macroscopic, histological, biomechanical, and cell trafficking were evaluated. T test and ANOVA were used with SPSS. Differences with p < .05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS T-UC MSCs had fibroblast-like morphology and showed greater than 97% viability and stable proliferation comparable to the C-UC MSCs at passage 10. In animal experiments, compared with the control group, the macroscopic appearance of the T-UC MSCs was more recovered at 2 and 4 weeks such as inflammation, defect size, neighboring tendon, swelling/redness, the connecting surrounding tissue and slidability. Histologically, the nuclear aspect ratio, orientation angle of fibroblasts, collagen organization, and fiber coherence were improved by 33.33%, 42.75%, 1.86-fold, and 1.99-fold at 4 weeks, and GAG-rich area decreased by 88.13% and 94.70% at 2 and 4 weeks respectively. Further, the T-UC MSCs showed enhanced ultimate failure load by 1.55- and 1.25-fold compared with the control group at both 2 and 4 weeks. All the improved values of T-UC MSCs were comparable to those of C-UC MSCs. Moreover, T-UC MSCs remained 8.77% at 4 weeks after injury, and there was no significant difference between C-UC MSCs and T-UC MSCs. CONCLUSIONS The morphology, viability, and proliferation of T-UC MSCs were comparable to those of C-UC MSCs. Treatment with T-UC MSCs could induce tendon regeneration of FTD at the macroscopic, histological, and biomechanical levels comparable to treatment with C-UC MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Yea
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - In Ja Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Gayoung Sym
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Tae-Soo Bae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Collage of Science and Engineering, Jungwon University, 85, Munmu-ro, Goesan-eup, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, 367-805, Korea
| | - Chris Hyunchul Jo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea.
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Yao Z, Xue T, Cai C, Li J, Lu M, Liu X, Jin T, Wu F, Liu S, Fan C. Parathyroid Hormone‐Loaded Microneedle Promotes Tendon Healing Through Activation of mTOR. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Yao
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Tong Xue
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chuandong Cai
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Juehong Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Mingkuan Lu
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Tuo Jin
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Fei Wu
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai 200233 China
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Vinhas A, Almeida AF, Gonçalves AI, Rodrigues MT, Gomes ME. Magnetic Stimulation Drives Macrophage Polarization in Cell to-Cell Communication with IL-1β Primed Tendon Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5441. [PMID: 32751697 PMCID: PMC7432806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is part of the natural healing response, but it has been simultaneously associated with tendon disorders, as persistent inflammatory events contribute to physiological changes that compromise tendon functions. The cellular interactions within a niche are extremely important for healing. While human tendon cells (hTDCs) are responsible for the maintenance of tendon matrix and turnover, macrophages regulate healing switching their functional phenotype to environmental stimuli. Thus, insights on the hTDCs and macrophages interactions can provide fundamental contributions on tendon repair mechanisms and on the inflammatory inputs in tendon disorders. We explored the crosstalk between macrophages and hTDCs using co-culture approaches in which hTDCs were previously stimulated with IL-1β. The potential modulatory effect of the pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) in macrophage-hTDCs communication was also investigated using the magnetic parameters identified in a previous work. The PEMF influences a macrophage pro-regenerative phenotype and favors the synthesis of anti-inflammatory mediators. These outcomes observed in cell contact co-cultures may be mediated by FAK signaling. The impact of the PEMF overcomes the effect of IL-1β-treated-hTDCs, supporting PEMF immunomodulatory actions on macrophages. This work highlights the relevance of intercellular communication in tendon healing and the beneficial role of the PEMF in guiding inflammatory responses toward regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vinhas
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (A.V.); (A.F.A.); (A.I.G.); (M.T.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana F. Almeida
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (A.V.); (A.F.A.); (A.I.G.); (M.T.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Gonçalves
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (A.V.); (A.F.A.); (A.I.G.); (M.T.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Márcia T. Rodrigues
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (A.V.); (A.F.A.); (A.I.G.); (M.T.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (A.V.); (A.F.A.); (A.I.G.); (M.T.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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Viganò M, Lugano G, Perucca Orfei C, Menon A, Ragni E, Colombini A, De Luca P, Randelli P, de Girolamo L. Autologous microfragmented adipose tissue reduces inflammatory and catabolic markers in supraspinatus tendon cells derived from patients affected by rotator cuff tears. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2020; 45:419-426. [PMID: 32642826 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-020-04693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rotator cuff tears are common musculoskeletal disorders, and surgical repair is characterized by a high rate of re-tear. Regenerative medicine strategies, in particular mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies, have been proposed to enhance tendon healing and reduce the re-tear rate. Autologous microfragmented adipose tissue (μFAT) allows for the clinical application of cell therapies and showed the ability to improve tenocyte proliferation and viability in previous in vitro assessments. The hypothesis of this study is that μFAT paracrine action would reduce the catabolic and inflammatory marker expression in tendon cells (TCs) derived from injured supraspinatus tendon (SST). METHODS TCs derived from injured SST were co-cultured with autologous μFAT in transwell for 48 h. Metabolic activity, DNA content, the content of soluble mediators in the media, and the gene expression of tendon-specific, inflammatory, and catabolic markers were analyzed. RESULTS μFAT-treated TCs showed a reduced expression of PTGS2 and MMP-3 with respect to untreated controls. Increased IL-1Ra, VEGF, and IL-6 content were observed in the media of μFAT-treated samples, in comparison with untreated TCs. CONCLUSION μFAT exerted an anti-inflammatory action on supraspinatus tendon cells in vitro through paracrine action, resulting in the reduction of catabolic and inflammatory marker expression. These observations potentially support the use of μFAT as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of rotator cuff disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Viganò
- Orthopedics Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Lugano
- Orthopedics Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Perucca Orfei
- Orthopedics Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Menon
- Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.,1° Clinica Ortopedica, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Ragni
- Orthopedics Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colombini
- Orthopedics Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola De Luca
- Orthopedics Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Randelli
- Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.,1° Clinica Ortopedica, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura de Girolamo
- Orthopedics Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
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Migliorini F, Tingart M, Maffulli N. Progress with stem cell therapies for tendon tissue regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1373-1379. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1786532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Tingart
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University School of Medicine, Stoke on Trent, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
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71
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Yan Z, Yin H, Brochhausen C, Pfeifer CG, Alt V, Docheva D. Aged Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells Are Less Competent to Form 3D Tendon Organoids Due to Cell Autonomous and Matrix Production Deficits. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:406. [PMID: 32432103 PMCID: PMC7214752 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendons are dense connective tissues, which are critical for the integrity and function of our musculoskeletal system. During tendon aging and degeneration, tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) experience profound phenotypic changes with declined cellular functions that can be linked to the known increase in complications during tendon healing process in elderly patients. Tissue engineering is a promising approach for achieving a complete recovery of injured tendons. However, use of autologous cells from aged individuals would require restoring the cellular fitness prior to implantation. In this study, we applied an established cell sheet model for in vitro tenogenesis and compared the sheet formation of TSPC derived from young/healthy (Y-TSPCs) versus aged/degenerative (A-TSPCs) human Achilles tendon biopsies with the purpose to unravel differences in their potential to form self-assembled three-dimensional (3D) tendon organoids. Using our three-step protocol, 4 donors of Y-TSPCs and 9 donors of A-TSPCs were subjected to cell sheet formation and maturation in a period of 5 weeks. The sheets were then cross evaluated by weight and diameter measurements; quantification of cell density, proliferation, senescence and apoptosis; histomorphometry; gene expression of 48 target genes; and collagen type I protein production. The results revealed very obvious and significant phenotype in A-TSPC sheets characterized by being fragile and thin with poor tissue morphology, and significantly lower cell density and proliferation, but significantly higher levels of the senescence-related gene markers and apoptotic cells. Quantitative gene expression analyses at the mRNA and protein levels, also demonstrated abnormal molecular circuits in the A-TSPC sheets. Taken together, we report for the first time that A-TSPCs exhibit profound deficits in forming 3D tendon tissue organoids, thus making the cell sheet model suitable to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in tendon aging and degeneration, as well as examining novel pharmacologic strategies for rejuvenation of aged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexing Yan
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heyong Yin
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian G Pfeifer
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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72
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Gissi C, Radeghieri A, Antonetti Lamorgese Passeri C, Gallorini M, Calciano L, Oliva F, Veronesi F, Zendrini A, Cataldi A, Bergese P, Maffulli N, Berardi AC. Extracellular vesicles from rat-bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells improve tendon repair in rat Achilles tendon injury model in dose-dependent manner: A pilot study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229914. [PMID: 32163452 PMCID: PMC7067391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly employed for tissue regeneration, largely mediated through paracrine actions. Currently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MSCs are major mediators of these paracrine effects. We evaluated whether rat-bone-marrow-MSC-derived EVs (rBMSCs-EVs) can ameliorate tendon injury in an in vivo rat model. Pro-collagen1A2 and MMP14 protein are expressed in rBMSC-EVs, and are important factors for extracellular-matrix tendon-remodeling. In addition, we found pro-collagen1A2 in rBMSC-EV surface-membranes by dot blot. In vitro on cells isolated from Achilles tendons, utilized as rBMSC -EVs recipient cells, EVs at both low and high doses induce migration of tenocytes; at higher concentration, they induce proliferation and increase expression of Collagen type I in tenocytes. Pretreatment with trypsin abrogate the effect of EVs on cell proliferation and migration, and the expression of collagen I. When either low- or high-dose rBMSCs-EVs were injected into a rat-Achilles tendon injury-model (immediately after damage), at 30 days, rBMSC-EVs were found to have accelerated the remodeling stage of tendon repair in a dose-dependent manner. At histology and histomorphology evaluation, high doses of rBMSCs-EVs produced better restoration of tendon architecture, with optimal tendon-fiber alignment and lower vascularity. Higher EV-concentrations demonstrated greater expression of collagen type I and lower expression of collagen type III. BMSC-EVs hold promise as a novel cell-free modality for the management of tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Gissi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, U.O.C. of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, Santo Spirito Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and CSGI, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Lucia Calciano
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Medicina di Comunità, Sezione di Epidemiologia e Statistica Medica, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Oliva
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and CSGI, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and CSGI, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, University of Salerno School of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno, Italy
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine, Keele University, Stoke on Trent, Keele, England, United Kingdom
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Concetta Berardi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, U.O.C. of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, Santo Spirito Hospital, Pescara, Italy
- * E-mail: ,
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73
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Tendon and ligament mechanical loading in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:193-207. [PMID: 32080619 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical loading is an important factor in musculoskeletal health and disease. Tendons and ligaments require physiological levels of mechanical loading to develop and maintain their tissue architecture, a process that is achieved at the cellular level through mechanotransduction-mediated fine tuning of the extracellular matrix by tendon and ligament stromal cells. Pathological levels of force represent a biological (mechanical) stress that elicits an immune system-mediated tissue repair pathway in tendons and ligaments. The biomechanics and mechanobiology of tendons and ligaments form the basis for understanding how such tissues sense and respond to mechanical force, and the anatomical extent of several mechanical stress-related disorders in tendons and ligaments overlaps with that of chronic inflammatory arthritis in joints. The role of mechanical stress in 'overuse' injuries, such as tendinopathy, has long been known, but mechanical stress is now also emerging as a possible trigger for some forms of chronic inflammatory arthritis, including spondyloarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, seemingly diverse diseases of the musculoskeletal system might have similar mechanisms of immunopathogenesis owing to conserved responses to mechanical stress.
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74
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Järvinen TA, Pemmari T. Systemically Administered, Target-Specific, Multi-Functional Therapeutic Recombinant Proteins in Regenerative Medicine. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E226. [PMID: 32013041 PMCID: PMC7075297 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors, chemokines and cytokines guide tissue regeneration after injuries. However, their applications as recombinant proteins are almost non-existent due to the difficulty of maintaining their bioactivity in the protease-rich milieu of injured tissues in humans. Safety concerns have ruled out their systemic administration. The vascular system provides a natural platform for circumvent the limitations of the local delivery of protein-based therapeutics. Tissue selectivity in drug accumulation can be obtained as organ-specific molecular signatures exist in the blood vessels in each tissue, essentially forming a postal code system ("vascular zip codes") within the vasculature. These target-specific "vascular zip codes" can be exploited in regenerative medicine as the angiogenic blood vessels in the regenerating tissues have a unique molecular signature. The identification of vascular homing peptides capable of finding these unique "vascular zip codes" after their systemic administration provides an appealing opportunity for the target-specific delivery of therapeutics to tissue injuries. Therapeutic proteins can be "packaged" together with homing peptides by expressing them as multi-functional recombinant proteins. These multi-functional recombinant proteins provide an example how molecular engineering gives to a compound an ability to home to regenerating tissue and enhance its therapeutic potential. Regenerative medicine has been dominated by the locally applied therapeutic approaches despite these therapies are not moving to clinical medicine with success. There might be a time to change the paradigm towards systemically administered, target organ-specific therapeutic molecules in future drug discovery and development for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tero A.H. Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland & Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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75
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Yin H, Strunz F, Yan Z, Lu J, Brochhausen C, Kiderlen S, Clausen-Schaumann H, Wang X, Gomes ME, Alt V, Docheva D. Three-dimensional self-assembling nanofiber matrix rejuvenates aged/degenerative human tendon stem/progenitor cells. Biomaterials 2020; 236:119802. [PMID: 32014804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The poor healing capacity of tendons is known to worsen in the elderly. During tendon aging and degeneration, endogenous human tendon stem/progenitor cells (hTSPCs) experience profound pathological changes. Here, we explored a rejuvenation strategy for hTSPCs derived from aged/degenerated Achilles tendons (A-TSPCs) by providing three-dimensional (3D) nanofiber hydrogels and comparing them to young/healthy TSPCs (Y-TSPCs). RADA peptide hydrogel has a self-assembling ability, forms a nanofibrous 3D niche and can be further functionalized by adding RGD motifs. Cell survival, apoptosis, and proliferation assays demonstrated that RADA and RADA/RGD hydrogels support A-TSPCs in a comparable manner to Y-TSPCs. Moreover, they rejuvenated A-TSPCs to a phenotype similar to that of Y-TSPCs, as evidenced by restored cell morphology and cytoskeletal architecture. Transmission electron, confocal laser scanning and atomic force microscopies demonstrated comparable ultrastructure, surface roughness and elastic modulus of A- and Y-TSPC-loaded hydrogels. Lastly, quantitative PCR revealed similar expression profiles, as well a significant upregulation of genes related to tenogenesis and multipotency. Taken together, the RADA-based hydrogels exert a rejuvenating effect by recapitulating in vitro specific features of the natural microenvironment of human TSPCs, which strongly indicates their potential to direct cell behaviour and overcome the challenge of cell aging and degeneration in tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyong Yin
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Franziska Strunz
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Zexing Yan
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jiaju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | | | - Stefanie Kiderlen
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany; Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Hauke Clausen-Schaumann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany; Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Volker Alt
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany.
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76
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Shen H, Yoneda S, Abu-Amer Y, Guilak F, Gelberman RH. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate the early inflammatory response after tendon injury and repair. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:117-127. [PMID: 31286564 PMCID: PMC6917960 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have the potential to enhance tendon repair via paracrine regulation of the inflammatory response to injury. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are secreted by ASCs, have shown promise in mediating this process. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ASC EVs on early tendon healing using a mouse Achilles tendon injury and repair model. EVs were isolated from the conditioned medium of naïve and interferonγ-primed ASCs and applied to the repair site via a collagen sheet. Tendon healing was assessed in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-luciferase reporter mice up to 7 days after suture repair. As anticipated, repair site NF-κB activity increased greater than twofold following tendon repair. Treatment with EVs from primed but not naïve ASCs effectively suppressed the response. Accordingly, the pro-inflammatory genes Il1b and Ifng were both dramatically increased in repaired tendons, while primed, but not naïve ASC EVs attenuated the response. Compared with control repairs, primed ASC EVs further reduced the rate of post-repair tendon gap formation and rupture and facilitated collagen formation at the injury site. Additional experiments demonstrated that EVs target macrophages and that primed ASC EVs were most effective in blocking macrophage NF-κB activity. Collectively, the findings of this study demonstrate that primed ASC EVs, similar to ASCs, attenuate the early tendon inflammatory response after injury via modulation of the macrophage inflammatory response. Statement of clinical significance: These findings introduce a new cell-free therapy, derived from stem cells, for tendon repair with the potential for improved therapeutic efficacy and safety. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:117-127, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susumu Yoneda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard H. Gelberman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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77
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Lehner C, Spitzer G, Gehwolf R, Wagner A, Weissenbacher N, Deininger C, Emmanuel K, Wichlas F, Tempfer H, Traweger A. Tenophages: a novel macrophage-like tendon cell population expressing CX3CL1 and CX3CR1. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.041384. [PMID: 31744815 PMCID: PMC6918766 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon disorders frequently occur and recent evidence has clearly implicated the presence of immune cells and inflammatory events during early tendinopathy. However, the origin and properties of these cells remain poorly defined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the presence of cells in healthy rodent and human tendon tissue fulfilling macrophage-like functions. Using various transgenic reporter mouse models, we demonstrate the presence of tendon-resident cells in the dense matrix of the tendon core expressing the fractalkine (Fkn) receptor CX3CR1 and its cognate ligand CX3CL1/Fkn. Pro-inflammatory stimulation of 3D tendon-like constructs in vitro resulted in a significant increase in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, Mmp3, Mmp9, CX3CL1 and epiregulin, which has been reported to contribute to inflammation, wound healing and tissue repair. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of the Fkn receptor blocked tendon cell migration in vitro, and show the presence of CX3CL1/CX3CR1/EREG-expressing cells in healthy human tendons. Taken together, we demonstrate the presence of CX3CL1+/CX3CR1+ 'tenophages' within the healthy tendon proper, which potentially fulfill surveillance functions in tendons.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lehner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Spitzer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Gehwolf
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Weissenbacher
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Deininger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katja Emmanuel
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Florian Wichlas
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert Tempfer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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78
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Tomás AR, Gonçalves AI, Paz E, Freitas P, Domingues RMA, Gomes ME. Magneto-mechanical actuation of magnetic responsive fibrous scaffolds boosts tenogenesis of human adipose stem cells. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:18255-18271. [PMID: 31566629 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tendons are highly specialized load-bearing tissues with very limited healing capacity. Given their mechanosensitive nature, the combination of tendon mimetic scaffolds with remote mechanical actuation could synergistically contribute to the fabrication of improved tissue engineered alternatives for the functional regeneration of tendons. Here, hybrids of cellulose nanocrystals decorated with magnetic nanoparticles were produced to simultaneously reinforce and confer magnetic responsiveness to tendon mimetic hierarchical fibrous scaffolds, resulting in a system that enables remote stimulation of cells in vitro and, potentially, in vivo after construct transplantation. The biological performance and functionality of these scaffolds were evaluated using human adipose stem cells (hASCs) cultured under or in the absence of magnetic actuation. It was demonstrated that magneto-mechanical stimulation of hASCs promotes higher degrees of cell cytoskeleton anisotropic organization and steers the mechanosensitive YAP/TAZ signaling pathway. As feedback, stimulated cells show increased expression of tendon-related markers, as well as a pro-healing profile in genes related to their inflammatory secretome. Overall, these results support the use of the proposed magnetic responsive fibrous scaffolds as remote biointegrated actuators that can synergistically boost hASC tenogenesis through mechanosensing mechanisms and may modulate their pro-healing paracrine signaling, thus collectively contributing to the improvement of the regenerative potential of engineered tendon grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Tomás
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal.
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79
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Affiliation(s)
- Tero Ah Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies, Tampere University and Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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80
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Torres-Torrillas M, Rubio M, Damia E, Cuervo B, Del Romero A, Peláez P, Chicharro D, Miguel L, Sopena JJ. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Promising Tool in the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123105. [PMID: 31242644 PMCID: PMC6627452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is one of the most common medical complaints worldwide and musculoskeletal injuries have an enormous social and economical impact. Current pharmacological and surgical treatments aim to relief pain and restore function; however, unsatiscactory outcomes are commonly reported. In order to find an accurate treatment to such pathologies, over the last years, there has been a significantly increasing interest in cellular therapies, such as adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs). These cells represent a relatively new strategy in regenerative medicine, with many potential applications, especially regarding MSK disorders, and preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated their efficacy in muscle, tendon, bone and cartilage regeneration. Nevertheless, several worries about their safety and side effects at long-term remain unsolved. This article aims to review the current state of AMSCs therapy in the treatment of several MSK diseases and their clinical applications in veterinary and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Torres-Torrillas
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Monica Rubio
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
- García Cugat Foundation CEU-UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Elena Damia
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Belen Cuervo
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ayla Del Romero
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Pau Peláez
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Deborah Chicharro
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Laura Miguel
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Joaquin J Sopena
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
- García Cugat Foundation CEU-UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
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81
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Costa-Almeida R, Calejo I, Gomes ME. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Empowering Tendon Regenerative Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3002. [PMID: 31248196 PMCID: PMC6627139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon tissues have limited healing capacity. The incidence of tendon injuries and the unsatisfactory functional outcomes of tendon repair are driving the search for alternative therapeutic approaches envisioning tendon regeneration. Cellular therapies aim at delivering adequate, regeneration-competent cell types to the injured tendon and toward ultimately promoting its reconstruction and recovery of functionality. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) either obtained from tendons or from non-tendon sources, like bone marrow (BM-MSCs) or adipose tissue (ASCs), have been receiving increasing attention over the years toward enhancing tendon healing. Evidences from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest MSCs can contribute to accelerate and improve the quality of tendon healing. Nonetheless, the exact mechanisms underlying these repair events are yet to be fully elucidated. This review provides an overview of the main challenges in the field of cell-based regenerative therapies, discussing the role of MSCs in boosting tendon regeneration, particularly through their capacity to enhance the tenogenic properties of tendon resident cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Costa-Almeida
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Calejo
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Shojaee A, Parham A. Strategies of tenogenic differentiation of equine stem cells for tendon repair: current status and challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:181. [PMID: 31215490 PMCID: PMC6582602 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries, as one of the most common orthopedic disorders, are the major cause of early retirement or wastage among sport horses which mainly affect the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT). Tendon repair is a slow process, and tendon tissue is often replaced by scar tissue. The current treatment options are often followed by an incomplete recovery that increases the susceptibility to re-injury. Recently, cell therapy has been used in veterinary medicine to treat tendon injuries, although the risk of ectopic bone formation after cell injection is possible in some cases. In vitro tenogenic induction may overcome the mentioned risk in clinical application. Moreover, a better understanding of treatment strategies for musculoskeletal injuries in horse may have future applications for human and vice versa. This comprehensive review outlines the current strategies of stem cell therapy in equine tendon injury and in vitro tenogenic induction of equine stem cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiyeh Shojaee
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Parham
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. .,Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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83
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Almeida H, Domingues RMA, Mithieux SM, Pires RA, Gonçalves AI, Gómez-Florit M, Reis RL, Weiss AS, Gomes ME. Tropoelastin-Coated Tendon Biomimetic Scaffolds Promote Stem Cell Tenogenic Commitment and Deposition of Elastin-Rich Matrix. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:19830-19840. [PMID: 31088069 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tendon tissue engineering strategies that recreate the biophysical and biochemical native microenvironment have a greater potential to achieve regeneration. Here, we developed tendon biomimetic scaffolds using mechanically competent yarns of poly-ε-caprolactone, chitosan, and cellulose nanocrystals to recreate the inherent tendon hierarchy from a nano-to-macro scale. These were then coated with tropoelastin (TROPO) through polydopamine (PDA) linking, to mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and elasticity. Both PDA and TROPO coatings decreased surface stiffness without masking the underlying substrate. We found that human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) seeded onto these TROPO biomimetic scaffolds more rapidly acquired their spindle-shape morphology and high aspect ratio characteristic of tenocytes. Immunocytochemistry shows that the PDA and TROPO-coated surfaces boosted differentiation of hASCs toward the tenogenic lineage, with sustained expression of the tendon-related markers scleraxis and tenomodulin up to 21 days of culture. Furthermore, these surfaces enabled the deposition of a tendon-like ECM, supported by the expression of collagens type I and III, tenascin, and decorin. Gene expression analysis revealed a downregulation of osteogenic and fibrosis markers in the presence of TROPO when compared with the control groups, suggesting proper ECM deposition. Remarkably, differentiated cells exposed to TROPO acquired an elastogenic profile due to the evident elastin synthesis and deposition, contributing to the formation of a more mimetic matrix in comparison with the PDA-coated and uncoated conditions. In summary, our biomimetic substrates combining biophysical and biological cues modulate stem cell behavior potentiating their long-term tenogenic commitment and the production of an elastin-rich ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Almeida
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Rui M A Domingues
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine , Headquarters at University of Minho , Avepark , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
| | | | - Ricardo A Pires
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine , Headquarters at University of Minho , Avepark , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Ana I Gonçalves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Manuel Gómez-Florit
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine , Headquarters at University of Minho , Avepark , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
| | | | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine , Headquarters at University of Minho , Avepark , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
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84
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Gehwolf R, Schwemberger B, Jessen M, Korntner S, Wagner A, Lehner C, Weissenbacher N, Tempfer H, Traweger A. Global Responses of Il-1β-Primed 3D Tendon Constructs to Treatment with Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050399. [PMID: 31052237 PMCID: PMC6562657 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy is accompanied by a cascade of inflammatory events promoting tendon degeneration. Among various cytokines, interleukin-1β plays a central role in driving catabolic processes, ultimately resulting in the activation of matrix metalloproteinases and a diminished collagen synthesis, both of which promote tendon extracellular matrix degradation. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy is often used for pain management, osteoarthritis, and delayed wound healing. In vitro PEMF treatment of tendon-derived cells was shown to modulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, potentially limiting their catabolic effects. However, our understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remains limited. We therefore investigated the transcriptome-wide responses of Il-1β-primed rat Achilles tendon cell-derived 3D tendon-like constructs to high-energy PEMF treatment. RNASeq analysis and gene ontology assignment revealed various biological processes to be affected by PEMF, including extracellular matrix remodeling and negative regulation of apoptosis. Further, we show that members of the cytoprotective Il-6/gp130 family and the Il-1β decoy receptor Il1r2 are positively regulated upon PEMF exposure. In conclusion, our results provide fundamental mechanistic insight into the cellular and molecular mode of action of PEMF on tendon cells and can help to optimize treatment protocols for the non-invasive therapy of tendinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Gehwolf
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bettina Schwemberger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Malik Jessen
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen gGmbH, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Korntner
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL); Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM) National University of Ireland Galway; H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland.
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christine Lehner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nadja Weissenbacher
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Herbert Tempfer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
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85
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Yin H, Caceres MD, Yan Z, Schieker M, Nerlich M, Docheva D. Tenomodulin regulates matrix remodeling of mouse tendon stem/progenitor cells in an ex vivo collagen I gel model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:691-697. [PMID: 30922565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tenomodulin (Tnmd) is predominantly expressed in tendon and ligament tissues. Loss of Tnmd in mice leads to a profound phenotype in vitro, characterized by reduced self-renewal but increased senescence of mouse tendon stem/progenitor cells (mTSPCs), as well as in vivo, by significantly impaired early tendon healing. Interestingly, injuried Achilles tendons from Tnmd-deficient mice showed inferior tendon repair, which was characterized by less contracted fibrovascular scars with disorganized matrix composition in comparison to wild type (WT) mice at day 8 after injury. To better understand Tnmd role in tendon repair, here we implemented an ex vivo three-dimensional (3D) collagen gel model and investigated whether Tnmd knockout affects the collagen contraction of mTSPCs. TSPCs were isolated from WT and Tnmd knockout (KO) tendons at 6, 9, 12, and 18 months of age. Adhesion assay demonstrated that loss of Tnmd in mTSPCs resulted in reduced adhesion to collagen type I. Quantitative time-dependent analysis revealed that Tnmd-deficient mTSPCs of all ages have significantly reduced capacity to contract collagen matrix in comparison to WT cells. Furthermore, 18 months old mTSPCs of both genotypes showed lower collagen contractility than cells obtained from 6, 9, and 12 months old animals, demonstrating an overall effect of organismal aging on matrix remodeling. Nevertheless, both cell types had a similar survival rate for the 5 days of cultivation within the gels. Lastly, quantitative PCR for 48 different genes revealed that the knockout of Tnmd majorly affected the gene expression profile of mTSPCs, as several transcription factors, tendon matrix, collagen cross-linking, and lineage maker genes were down-regulated. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrated that loss of Tnmd in mTSPCs led to profoundly altered gene expression profile, insufficient adhesion to collagen type I, and impaired ability to contract the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyong Yin
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Delgado Caceres
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zexing Yan
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schieker
- Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Translational Medicine Musculoskeletal Disease, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Nerlich
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany.
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86
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Oliva F, Maffulli N, Gissi C, Veronesi F, Calciano L, Fini M, Brogini S, Gallorini M, Antonetti Lamorgese Passeri C, Bernardini R, Cicconi R, Mattei M, Berardi AC. Combined ascorbic acid and T 3 produce better healing compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in an Achilles tendon injury rat model: a proof of concept study. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:54. [PMID: 30777116 PMCID: PMC6380036 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This pilot study aimed to ascertain whether the local application of ascorbic acid (AA), of T3, and of rat (r) bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), alone or in all possible combinations, promoted healing after an Achilles tendon injury in a rat model. Methods An Achilles tendon defect was produced in 24 6–8-week-old male inbred Lewis rats. The animals were then randomly divided into eight groups of three rats each. The tendon defect was filled with 50 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing (1) 50 μg/mL AA (AA group), (2) 10−7 M T3 (T3 group), (3) 4 × 106 rBMSCs (rBMSC group), (4) 50 μg/mL AA + 10−7 M T3 (AA + T3 group), (5) 4 × 106 rBMSCs + 50 μg/mL AA (rBMSC + AA group), (6) 4 × 106 rBMSCs + 10−7 M T3 (rBMSC + T3 group), (7) 4 × 106 rBMSCS + 50 μg/mL AA + 10−7 M T3 (rBMSC + AA + T3 group), and (8) PBS only (control group: CTRL). All treatments were administered by local injection immediately after the tendons had been damaged; additionally, AA was injected also on the second and fourth day from the first injection (for groups 1, 4, 5, and 7), and T3 was injected again every day for 4 days (for groups 2, 4, 6, and 7). At 30 days from initial treatment, tendon samples were harvested, and the quality of tendon repair was evaluated using histological and histomorphological analysis. The structure and morphology of the injured Achilles tendons were evaluated using the modified Svensson, Soslowsky, and Cook score, and the collagen type I and III ratio was calculated. Results The group treated with AA combined with T3 displayed the lowest Svensson, Soslowsky, and Cook total score value of all tissue sections at histopathological examination, with fiber structure close to regular orientation, normal-like tendon vasculature, and no cartilage formation. AA + T3 also showed the highest collagen I and the lowest collagen III values compared to all other treatments including the CTRL. Conclusion There are potential benefits using a combination of AA and T3 to accelerate tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Oliva
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Surgery and Dentistry, Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, University of Salerno School of Medicine, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Surgery and Dentistry, Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, University of Salerno School of Medicine, Salerno, Italy. .,Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, London, UK. .,Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University Medical School, Stoke on Trent, UK.
| | - Clarissa Gissi
- U.O.C. of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Spirito Santo Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Research Innovation and Technology Department (RIT), IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Calciano
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Medicina di Comunità, Sezione di Epidemiologia e Statistica Medica, Università di Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Research Innovation and Technology Department (RIT), IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Brogini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Research Innovation and Technology Department (RIT), IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Bernardini
- Interdepartmental Service Centre - Station for Animal Technology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Cicconi
- Interdepartmental Service Centre - Station for Animal Technology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- Interdepartmental Service Centre - Station for Animal Technology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Concetta Berardi
- U.O.C. of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Spirito Santo Hospital, Pescara, Italy
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Järvinen TAH, Ruoslahti E. Generation of a multi-functional, target organ-specific, anti-fibrotic molecule by molecular engineering of the extracellular matrix protein, decorin. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:16-25. [PMID: 29847688 PMCID: PMC6284330 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules play important roles in regulating processes such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival. Decorin is a proteoglycan that binds to ('decorates') collagen fibrils in the ECM. Decorin also interacts with many growth factors and their receptors, the most notable of these interactions being its inhibitory activity on TGF-β, the growth factor responsible for fibrosis formation. We have generated a recombinant, multi-functional, fusion-protein consisting of decorin as a therapeutic domain and a vascular homing and cell-penetrating peptide as a targeting vehicle. This recombinant decorin (CAR-DCN) accumulates at the sites of the targeted disease at higher levels and, as a result, has substantially enhanced biological activity over native decorin. CAR-DCN is an example of how molecular engineering can give a compound the ability to seek out sites of disease and enhance its therapeutic potential. CAR-DCN will hopefully be used to treat severe human diseases. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Translating the Matrix. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tero A H Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesUniversity of TampereTampereFinland
- Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Erkki Ruoslahti
- Cancer CenterSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
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88
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Novel trends in application of stem cells in skin wound healing. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 843:307-315. [PMID: 30537490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The latest findings indicate the huge therapeutic potential of stem cells in regenerative medicine, including the healing of chronic wounds. Main stem cell types involved in wound healing process are: epidermal and dermal stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In the therapy of chronic wounds, they can be administrated either topically or using different matrix like hydrogels, scaffolds, dermal substitutes and extracellular matrix (ECM) derivatives. Stem cells are proven to positively influence wound healing by different direct and indirect mechanisms including residing cells stimulation, biomolecules release, inflammation control and ECM remodelling. MSCs are especially worth mentioning as they can be easily derived from bone-marrow or adipose tissue. Apart from traditional approach of administering living stem cells to wounds, new trends have emerged in recent years. Good healing results are obtained using stem cell secretome alone, for example exosomes or conditioned media. There are also attempts to improve healing potential of stem cells by their co-culture with other cell types as well as by their genetic modifications or pretreatment using different chemicals or cell media. Moreover, stem cells have been tested for novel therapeutic purposes like for example acute burns and have been used in experiments on large animal models including pigs and sheep. In this review we discuss the role of stem cells in skin wound healing acceleration. In addition, we analyse possible new strategies of stem cells application in treatment of chronic wounds.
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89
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de Aro AA, Carneiro GD, Teodoro LFR, da Veiga FC, Ferrucci DL, Simões GF, Simões PW, Alvares LE, de Oliveira ALR, Vicente CP, Gomes CP, Pesquero JB, Esquisatto MAM, de Campos Vidal B, Pimentel ER. Injured Achilles Tendons Treated with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Transplantation and GDF-5. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090127. [PMID: 30200326 PMCID: PMC6162699 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries represent a clinical challenge in regenerative medicine because their natural repair process is complex and inefficient. The high incidence of tendon injuries is frequently associated with sports practice, aging, tendinopathies, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and the use of corticosteroids. The growing interest of scientists in using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) in repair processes seems to be mostly due to their paracrine and immunomodulatory effects in stimulating specific cellular events. ADMSC activity can be influenced by GDF-5, which has been successfully used to drive tenogenic differentiation of ADMSC in vitro. Thus, we hypothesized that the application of ADMSC in isolation or in association with GDF-5 could improve Achilles tendon repair through the regulation of important remodeling genes expression. Lewis rats had tendons distributed in four groups: Transected (T), transected and treated with ADMSC (ASC) or GDF-5 (GDF5), or with both (ASC+GDF5). In the characterization of cells before application, ADMSC expressed the positive surface markers, CD90 (90%) and CD105 (95%), and the negative marker, CD45 (7%). ADMSC were also differentiated in chondrocytes, osteoblast, and adipocytes. On the 14th day after the tendon injury, GFP-ADMSC were observed in the transected region of tendons in the ASC and ASC+GDF5 groups, and exhibited and/or stimulated a similar genes expression profile when compared to the in vitro assay. ADMSC up-regulated Lox, Dcn, and Tgfb1 genes expression in comparison to T and ASC+GDF5 groups, which contributed to a lower proteoglycans arrangement, and to a higher collagen fiber organization and tendon biomechanics in the ASC group. The application of ADMSC in association with GDF-5 down-regulated Dcn, Gdf5, Lox, Tgfb1, Mmp2, and Timp2 genes expression, which contributed to a lower hydroxyproline concentration, lower collagen fiber organization, and to an improvement of the rats’ gait 24 h after the injury. In conclusion, although the literature describes the benefic effect of GDF-5 for the tendon healing process, our results show that its application, isolated or associated with ADMSC, cannot improve the repair process of partial transected tendons, indicating the higher effectiveness of the application of ADMSC in injured Achilles tendons. Our results show that the application of ADMSC in injured Achilles tendons was more effective in relation to its association with GDF-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aparecida de Aro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Herminio Ometto University Center⁻UNIARARAS, 13607-339 Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Giane Daniela Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luis Felipe R Teodoro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Cristina da Veiga
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danilo Lopes Ferrucci
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Ferreira Simões
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Priscyla Waleska Simões
- Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences Center (CECS), Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program (PPGEBM), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Alameda da Universidade s/n, 09606-045 São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lúcia Elvira Alvares
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Leite R de Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Pontes Vicente
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Caio Perez Gomes
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Sao Paulo⁻Unifesp, Pedro de Toledo, 699, 04039-032 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Sao Paulo⁻Unifesp, Pedro de Toledo, 699, 04039-032 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Augusto M Esquisatto
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Herminio Ometto University Center⁻UNIARARAS, 13607-339 Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Benedicto de Campos Vidal
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edson Rosa Pimentel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas⁻UNICAMP, Charles Darwin, s/n, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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In Vitro Comparison of 2D-Cell Culture and 3D-Cell Sheets of Scleraxis-Programmed Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Primary Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells for Tendon Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082272. [PMID: 30072668 PMCID: PMC6121892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor and slow healing capacity of tendons requires novel strategies to speed up the tendon repair process. Hence, new and promising developments in tendon tissue engineering have become increasingly relevant. Previously, we have established a tendon progenitor cell line via ectopic expression of the tendon-related basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Scleraxis (Scx) in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC-Scx). The aim of this study was to directly compare the characteristics of hMSC-Scx cells to that of primary human tendon stem/progenitors cells (hTSPCs) via assessment of self-renewal and multipotency, gene marker expression profiling, in vitro wound healing assay and three-dimensional cell sheet formation. As expected, hTSPCs were more naive than hMSC-Scx cells because of higher clonogenicity, trilineage differentiation potential, and expression of stem cell markers, as well as higher mRNA levels of several gene factors associated with early tendon development. Interestingly, with regards to wound healing, both cell types demonstrate a comparable speed of scratch closure, as well as migratory velocity and distance in various migration experiments. In the three-dimensional cell sheet model, hMSC-Scx cells and hTSPCs form compact tendinous sheets as histological staining, and transmission electron microscopy shows spindle-shaped cells and collagen type I fibrils with similar average diameter size and distribution. Taken together, hTSPCs exceed hMSC-Scx cells in several characteristics, namely clonogenicity, multipotentiality, gene expression profile and rates of tendon-like sheet formation, whilst in three-dimensional cell sheets, both cell types have comparable in vitro healing potential and collagenous composition of their three-dimensional cell sheets, making both cell types a suitable cell source for tendon tissue engineering and healing.
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91
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Biomaterials in Tendon and Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering: Current Trends and Challenges. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071116. [PMID: 29966303 PMCID: PMC6073924 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising approach to repair tendon and muscle when natural healing fails. Biohybrid constructs obtained after cells’ seeding and culture in dedicated scaffolds have indeed been considered as relevant tools for mimicking native tissue, leading to a better integration in vivo. They can also be employed to perform advanced in vitro studies to model the cell differentiation or regeneration processes. In this review, we report and analyze the different solutions proposed in literature, for the reconstruction of tendon, muscle, and the myotendinous junction. They classically rely on the three pillars of tissue engineering, i.e., cells, biomaterials and environment (both chemical and physical stimuli). We have chosen to present biomimetic or bioinspired strategies based on understanding of the native tissue structure/functions/properties of the tissue of interest. For each tissue, we sorted the relevant publications according to an increasing degree of complexity in the materials’ shape or manufacture. We present their biological and mechanical performances, observed in vitro and in vivo when available. Although there is no consensus for a gold standard technique to reconstruct these musculo-skeletal tissues, the reader can find different ways to progress in the field and to understand the recent history in the choice of materials, from collagen to polymer-based matrices.
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Pugliese E, Coentro JQ, Raghunath M, Zeugolis DI. Wound healing and scar wars. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:1-3. [PMID: 29909924 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Pugliese
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - João Q Coentro
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Competence Centre Tissue Engineering for Drug Development (TEDD), Centre for Cell Biology & Tissue Engineering, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland.
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