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Antenatal finding of 16q24.1 duplication including FOXF1, revealing an autosomal dominant familial pathology with congenital short bowel, malrotation and renal abnormalities. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101562. [PMID: 33208297 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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52
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The Role of De Novo Variants in Formation of Human Anorectal Malformations. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091298. [PMID: 34573284 PMCID: PMC8466114 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorectal malformations (ARM) represent a rare birth defect of the hindgut that occur in approximately 1 in 3000 live births. Around 60% of ARM occur with associated anomalies including defined genetic syndromes and associations with chromosomal aberrations. The etiology of ARM is heterogeneous, with the individual environmental or genetic risk factors remaining unknown for the majority of cases. The occurrence of familial ARM and previous epidemiologic analysis suggest autosomal dominant inheritance in a substantial subset of ARM patients. The implicated mortality and reduced fecundity in patients with ARM would lead to allele loss. However, mutational de novo events among the affected individuals could compensate for the evolutionary pressure. With the implementation of exome sequencing, array-based molecular karyotyping and family-based rare variant analyses, the technologies are available to identify the respective factors. This review discusses the identification of disease-causing variants among individuals with ARM. It highlights the role of mutational de novo events.
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53
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Slot E, Boers R, Boers J, van IJcken WFJ, Tibboel D, Gribnau J, Rottier R, de Klein A. Genome wide DNA methylation analysis of alveolar capillary dysplasia lung tissue reveals aberrant methylation of genes involved in development including the FOXF1 locus. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:148. [PMID: 34325731 PMCID: PMC8323302 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar capillary dysplasia with or without misalignment of the pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV) is a lethal congenital lung disorder associated with a variety of heterozygous genomic alterations in the FOXF1 gene or its 60 kb enhancer. Cases without a genomic alteration in the FOXF1 locus have been described as well. The mechanisms responsible for FOXF1 haploinsufficiency and the cause of ACD/MPV in patients without a genomic FOXF1 variant are poorly understood, complicating the search for potential therapeutic targets for ACD/MPV. To investigate the contribution of aberrant DNA methylation, genome wide methylation patterns of ACD/MPV lung tissues were compared with methylation patterns of control lung tissues using the recently developed technique Methylated DNA sequencing (MeD-seq).
Results Eight ACD/MPV lung tissue samples and three control samples were sequenced and their mutual comparison resulted in identification of 319 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) genome wide, involving 115 protein coding genes. The potentially upregulated genes were significantly enriched in developmental signalling pathways, whereas potentially downregulated genes were mainly enriched in O-linked glycosylation. In patients with a large maternal deletion encompassing the 60 kb FOXF1 enhancer, DNA methylation patterns in this FOXF1 enhancer were not significantly different compared to controls. However, two hypermethylated regions were detected in the 60 kb FOXF1 enhancer of patients harbouring a FOXF1 point mutation. Lastly, a large hypermethylated region overlapping the first FOXF1 exon was found in one of the ACD/MPV patients without a known pathogenic FOXF1 variation.
Conclusion This is the first study providing genome wide methylation data on lung tissue of ACD/MPV patients. DNA methylation analyses in the FOXF1 locus excludes maternal imprinting of the 60 kb FOXF1 enhancer. Hypermethylation at the 60 kb FOXF1 enhancer might contribute to FOXF1 haploinsufficiency caused by heterozygous mutations in the FOXF1 coding region. Interestingly, DNA methylation analyses of patients without a genomic FOXF1 variant suggest that abnormal hypermethylation of exon 1 might play a role in some ACD/MPV in patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01134-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Slot
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Rm Ee2089, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruben Boers
- Department of Developmental Biology, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joachim Boers
- Department of Developmental Biology, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Gribnau
- Department of Developmental Biology, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robbert Rottier
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rm Ee2089, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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Karolak JA, Gambin T, Szafranski P, Maywald RL, Popek E, Heaney JD, Stankiewicz P. Perturbation of semaphorin and VEGF signaling in ACDMPV lungs due to FOXF1 deficiency. Respir Res 2021; 22:212. [PMID: 34315444 PMCID: PMC8314029 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) is a rare lethal congenital lung disorder in neonates characterized by severe progressive respiratory failure and refractory pulmonary hypertension, resulting from underdevelopment of the peripheral pulmonary tree. Causative heterozygous single nucleotide variants (SNVs) or copy-number variant (CNV) deletions involving FOXF1 or its distant lung-specific enhancer on chromosome 16q24.1 have been identified in 80-90% of ACDMPV patients. FOXF1 maps closely to and regulates the oppositely oriented FENDRR, with which it also shares regulatory elements. METHODS To better understand the transcriptional networks downstream of FOXF1 that are relevant for lung organogenesis, using RNA-seq, we have examined lung transcriptomes in 12 histopathologically verified ACDMPV patients with or without pathogenic variants in the FOXF1 locus and analyzed gene expression profile in FENDRR-depleted fetal lung fibroblasts, IMR-90. RESULTS RNA-seq analyses in ACDMPV neonates revealed changes in the expression of several genes, including semaphorins (SEMAs), neuropilin 1 (NRP1), and plexins (PLXNs), essential for both epithelial branching and vascular patterning. In addition, we have found deregulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling that also controls pulmonary vasculogenesis and a lung-specific endothelial gene TMEM100 known to be essential in vascular morphogenesis. Interestingly, we have observed a substantial difference in gene expression profiles between the ACDMPV samples with different types of FOXF1 defect. Moreover, partial overlap between transcriptome profiles of ACDMPV lungs with FOXF1 SNVs and FENDRR-depleted IMR-90 cells suggests contribution of FENDRR to ACDMPV etiology. CONCLUSIONS Our transcriptomic data imply potential crosstalk between several lung developmental pathways, including interactions between FOXF1-SHH and SEMA-NRP or VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling, and provide further insight into complexity of lung organogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna A Karolak
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Rm ABBR-R809, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gambin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Rm ABBR-R809, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Institute of Computer Science, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Szafranski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Rm ABBR-R809, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rebecca L Maywald
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Rm ABBR-R809, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Edwina Popek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason D Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Rm ABBR-R809, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Paweł Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Rm ABBR-R809, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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55
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Yao X, Jing T, Wang T, Gu C, Chen X, Chen F, Feng H, Zhao H, Chen D, Ma W. Molecular Characterization and Elucidation of Pathways to Identify Novel Therapeutic Targets in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Physiol 2021; 12:694702. [PMID: 34366885 PMCID: PMC8346036 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.694702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening chronic cardiopulmonary disease. However, there are limited studies reflecting the available biomarkers from separate gene expression profiles in PAH. This study explored two microarray datasets by an integrative analysis to estimate the molecular signatures in PAH. Methods: Two microarray datasets (GSE53408 and GSE113439) were exploited to compare lung tissue transcriptomes of patients and controls with PAH and to estimate differentially expressed genes (DEGs). According to common DEGs of datasets, gene and protein overrepresentation analyses, protein-protein interactions (PPIs), DEG-transcription factor (TF) interactions, DEG-microRNA (miRNA) interactions, drug-target protein interactions, and protein subcellular localizations were conducted in this study. Results: We obtained 38 common DEGs for these two datasets. Integration of the genome transcriptome datasets with biomolecular interactions revealed hub genes (HSP90AA1, ANGPT2, HSPD1, HSPH1, TTN, SPP1, SMC4, EEA1, and DKC1), TFs (FOXC1, FOXL1, GATA2, YY1, and SRF), and miRNAs (hsa-mir-17-5p, hsa-mir-26b-5p, hsa-mir-122-5p, hsa-mir-20a-5p, and hsa-mir-106b-5p). Protein-drug interactions indicated that two compounds, namely, nedocromil and SNX-5422, affect the identification of PAH candidate biomolecules. Moreover, the molecular signatures were mostly localized in the extracellular and nuclear areas. Conclusions: In conclusion, several lung tissue-derived molecular signatures, highlighted in this study, might serve as novel evidence for elucidating the essential mechanisms of PAH. The potential drugs associated with these molecules could thus contribute to the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to ameliorate PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Tian Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Tianxing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chenxin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Fengqiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Hao Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Dekun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wentao Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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56
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Kolesnichenko OA, Whitsett JA, Kalin TV, Kalinichenko VV. Therapeutic Potential of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Pulmonary Diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:473-488. [PMID: 34293272 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0152tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Compromised alveolar development and pulmonary vascular remodeling are hallmarks of pediatric lung diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV). Although advances in surfactant therapy, corticosteroids, and anti-inflammatory drugs have improved clinical management of preterm infants, still those who suffer with severe vascular complications lack viable treatment options. Paucity of the alveolar capillary network in ACDMPV causes respiratory distress and leads to mortality in a vast majority of ACDMPV infants. The discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in 1997 brought forth the paradigm of postnatal vasculogenesis and hope for promoting vascularization in fragile patient populations, such as those with BPD and ACDMPV. The identification of diverse EPC populations, both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic in origin, provided a need to identify progenitor cell selective markers which are linked to progenitor properties needed to develop cell-based therapies. Focusing to the future potential of EPCs for regenerative medicine, this review will discuss various aspects of EPC biology, beginning with the identification of hematopoietic, nonhematopoietic, and tissue-resident EPC populations. We will review knowledge related to cell surface markers, signature gene expression, key transcriptional regulators, and will explore the translational potential of EPCs for cell-based therapy for BPD and ACDMPV. The ability to produce pulmonary EPCs from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro, holds promise for restoring vascular growth and function in the lungs of patients with pediatric pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena A Kolesnichenko
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 2518, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Whitsett
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Cincinnati Children\'s Hospital Medical Center, 2518, Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States;
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57
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Huo X, Jin S, Wang Y, Ma L. DNA methylation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1145-1155. [PMID: 34142873 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a complex disease with polygenetic tendency, is one of the most important health problems in the world. Recently, in the study of the pathogenesis of the COPD, epigenetic changes caused by environmental factors, such as DNA methylation, started to attract more attention than genetic factors. In this review, we discuss the main features of DNA methylation, such as DNA methyltransferases and the methylation sites that modulate the DNA methylation level, and their roles in COPD progression. Finally, to promote new ideas for the prevention and treatment of COPD, we focus on the potential of DNA methylation as a COPD therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinXin Huo
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - SiHui Jin
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - YiGe Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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58
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Ligorio C, O'Brien M, Hodson NW, Mironov A, Iliut M, Miller AF, Vijayaraghavan A, Hoyland JA, Saiani A. TGF-β3-loaded graphene oxide - self-assembling peptide hybrid hydrogels as functional 3D scaffolds for the regeneration of the nucleus pulposus. Acta Biomater 2021; 127:116-130. [PMID: 33831573 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a process that starts in the central nucleus pulposus (NP) and leads to inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and progressive loss of disc height. Early treatment of IVD degeneration is critical to the reduction of low back pain and related disability. As such, minimally invasive therapeutic approaches that can halt and reverse NP degeneration at the early stages of the disease are needed. Recently, we developed an injectable graphene oxide (GO) - self-assembling peptide FEFKFEFK (F: phenylalanine; K: lysine; E: glutamic acid) hybrid hydrogels as potential delivery platform for cells and/or drugs in the NP. In this current study, we explored the possibility of using the GO present in these hybrid hydrogels as a vehicle for the sequestration and controlled delivery of transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-β3), an anabolic growth factor (GF) known to direct NP cell fate and function. For this purpose, we first investigated the potential of GO to bind and sequestrate TGF-β3. We then cultured bovine NP cells in the new functional scaffolds and investigated their response to the presence of GO and TGF-β3. Our results clearly showed that GO flakes can sequestrate TGF-β3 through strong binding interactions resulting in a slow and prolonged release, with the GF remaining active even when bound to the GO flakes. The adsorption of the GF on the GO flakes to create TGF-β3-loaded GO flakes and their subsequent incorporation in the hydrogels through mixing, [(GO/TGF-β3Ads)-F8] hydrogel, led to the upregulation of NP-specific genes, accompanied by the production and deposition of an NP-like ECM, rich in aggrecan and collagen II. NP cells actively interacted with TGF-β3-loaded GO flakes and remodeled the scaffolds through endocytosis. This work highlights the potential of using GO as a nanocarrier for the design of functional hybrid peptide-based hydrogels. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a process that starts in the central nucleus pulposus (NP) and leads to inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and progressive loss of disc height. As such, minimally invasive therapeutic approaches that can halt and reverse NP degeneration at the early stages of the disease are needed. In this current study, we explored the possibility of using peptide - GO hybrid hydrogels as a vehicle for the sequestration and controlled delivery of transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-β3), an anabolic growth factor (GF) known to direct NP cell fate and function.
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59
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Edwards NA, Shacham-Silverberg V, Weitz L, Kingma PS, Shen Y, Wells JM, Chung WK, Zorn AM. Developmental basis of trachea-esophageal birth defects. Dev Biol 2021; 477:85-97. [PMID: 34023332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trachea-esophageal defects (TEDs), including esophageal atresia (EA), tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), and laryngeal-tracheoesophageal clefts (LTEC), are a spectrum of life-threatening congenital anomalies in which the trachea and esophagus do not form properly. Up until recently, the developmental basis of these conditions and how the trachea and esophagus arise from a common fetal foregut was poorly understood. However, with significant advances in human genetics, organoids, and animal models, and integrating single cell genomics with high resolution imaging, we are revealing the molecular and cellular mechanisms that orchestrate tracheoesophageal morphogenesis and how disruption in these processes leads to birth defects. Here we review the current understanding of the genetic and developmental basis of TEDs. We suggest future opportunities for integrating developmental mechanisms elucidated from animals and organoids with human genetics and clinical data to gain insight into the genotype-phenotype basis of these heterogeneous birth defects. Finally, we envision how this will enhance diagnosis, improve treatment, and perhaps one day, lead to new tissue replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Edwards
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vered Shacham-Silverberg
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Leelah Weitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul S Kingma
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James M Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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60
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Alsaleem M, Hpa N, Kozielski R. Case 3: Term Infant With Severe Respiratory Failure. Neoreviews 2021; 21:e349-e352. [PMID: 32358149 DOI: 10.1542/neo.21-5-e349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nja Hpa
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and
| | - Rafal Kozielski
- Pediatric Pathology, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
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61
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Deng L, Liu X, Min J, Su Z, Yang Y, Ge L, Yang Z, Li B, Zhang X. De Novo mutation of FOXF1 causes alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25375. [PMID: 33832123 PMCID: PMC8036095 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV) is a rare congenital malformation in neonates that results in severe respiratory distress and pulmonary hypertension. ACD/MPV is caused by mutations in the FOXF1 gene. Herein, a new case of a girl with ACD/MPV carrying a novel pathogenic variant of FOXF1 was reported. PATIENT CONCERNS A 3-month-old Chinese girl was admitted to the hospital presenting a complaint of cyanosis for 10 days and respiratory distress for 2 days. The history of foreign body inhalation was denied. DIAGNOSES Blood routine, liver and kidney function, electrolytes, type B natriuretic peptide, electrocardiogram, cardiac computed tomography (CT), and echocardiography were done after admission. Dysplasia of the alveolar and the left upper pulmonary vein was displayed through cardiac CT. Echocardiography showed atrial septal defect, tricuspid valve malformation, and pulmonary hypertension. Sequence analysis of FOXF1 from genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) revealed that the patient was heterozygous for a novel missense variant (c.418 C>T, p.Pro140Gly). Furthermore, genetic analysis of both parents confirmed the de novo occurrence of the variant. Conservation analysis showed that the locus was highly conserved across species. Then, ACD/MPV was a clinical diagnosis. INTERVENTIONS After admission, nasal catheter oxygen inhalation, cefazoxime sodium, furosemide diuretic, milrinone lactate, and Bosentan were given to the patient. OUTCOMES After 6 days of hospitalization, the patient's condition did not improved, the parents gave up treatment and discharged. The patient died half a month after discharge. LESSONS ACD/MPV is a rare congenital malformation with a poor prognosis. A new de novo mutation of FOXF1 was found in our case. Non-invasive methods such as DNA sequencing and FOXF1 analysis are helpful in the clinical diagnosis of ACD/MPV especially in early infants with respiratory distress and pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Xingzhu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Jieqing Min
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Zhongjian Su
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Yanfei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Liping Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan
| | | | - Bin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan
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Szafranski P, Gambin T, Karolak JA, Popek E, Stankiewicz P. Lung-specific distant enhancer cis regulates expression of FOXF1 and lncRNA FENDRR. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:694-698. [PMID: 33739555 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The FOXF1 gene, causative for a neonatal lethal lung developmental disorder alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV), maps 1.7 kb away from the long noncoding RNA gene FENDRR on the opposite strand, suggesting they may be coregulated. Using RNA sequencing in lung tissue from ACDMPV patients with heterozygous deletions of the FOXF1 distant enhancer located 286 kb upstream, leaving FOXF1 and FENDRR intact, we have found that the FENDRR and FOXF1 expressions were reduced by approximately 75% and 50%, respectively, and were monoallelic from the intact chromosome 16q24.1. In contrast, ACDMPV patients with FOXF1 SNVs had biallelic FENDRR expression reduced by 66%-82%. Corroboratively, depletion of FOXF1 by small interfering RNA in lung fibroblasts resulted in a 50% decrease of FENDRR expression. These data indicate that FENDRR expression in the lungs is regulated both in cis by the FOXF1 distant enhancer and in trans by FOXF1. Our findings are compatible with the involvement of FENDRR in FOXF1-related disorders, including ACDMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Szafranski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tomasz Gambin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Institute of Computer Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna A Karolak
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Edwina Popek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paweł Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Onda T, Akimoto T, Hayasaka I, Ikeda M, Furuse Y, Ando A, Nakamura Y, Honjo R, Manabe A, Furuta I, Cho K. Incidence of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins in infants with unexplained severe pulmonary hypertension: The roles of clinical, pathological, and genetic testing. Early Hum Dev 2021; 155:105323. [PMID: 33578219 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) is a rare and fatal disorder that occurs in the developing fetal lungs; at birth, infants exhibit an oxygenation disorder accompanied by severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) and have a very short life span. ACDMPV is definitively diagnosed by pathological findings, and infants born with unexplained severe PH may not be properly diagnosed without a biopsy or autopsy. METHODS Japanese infants with unexplained severe PH were enrolled in this study. Genetic analyses were performed on DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing was performed by coding exons and introns for FOXF1 in all samples. For individuals without pathogenic exonic variants, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was performed to identify copy number variations (CNVs) in exons, introns, and in the upstream region of FOXF1. RESULTS This study included 30 infants who were diagnosed over the course of nine years. Four individuals had the pathogenic variations on the exon 1 of FOXF1, including two frameshift and two missense variations. Pathogenic CNVs were found in another five individuals. CONCLUSION In the pathologically proven ACDMPV patients, the ratios of cases with exonic variations, CNVs, and no genetic findings were reported as 45%, 45% and 10%, respectively. We estimate that about 30% (10 (9 + 1) out of 30) of individuals with unexplained severe PH had ACDMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Onda
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Takuma Akimoto
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Itaru Hayasaka
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Ikeda
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuta Furuse
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Akiko Ando
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Nakamura
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Ryota Honjo
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Manabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Itsuko Furuta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Kazutoshi Cho
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
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64
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Genetic Testing for Neonatal Respiratory Disease. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8030216. [PMID: 33799761 PMCID: PMC8001923 DOI: 10.3390/children8030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mechanisms are now recognized as rare causes of neonatal lung disease. Genes potentially responsible for neonatal lung disease include those encoding proteins important in surfactant function and metabolism, transcription factors important in lung development, proteins involved in ciliary assembly and function, and various other structural and immune regulation genes. The phenotypes of infants with genetic causes of neonatal lung disease may have some features that are difficult to distinguish clinically from more common, reversible causes of lung disease, and from each other. Multigene panels are now available that can allow for a specific diagnosis, providing important information for treatment and prognosis. This review discusses genes in which abnormalities are known to cause neonatal lung disease and their associated phenotypes, and advantages and limitations of genetic testing.
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Wu Q, Li W, You C. The regulatory roles and mechanisms of the transcription factor FOXF2 in human diseases. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10845. [PMID: 33717680 PMCID: PMC7934645 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have focused on the relationship between transcription factors and a variety of common pathological conditions, such as diabetes, stroke, and cancer. It has been found that abnormal transcription factor regulation can lead to aberrant expression of downstream genes, which contributes to the occurrence and development of many diseases. The forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor family is encoded by the FOX gene, which mediates gene transcription and follow-up functions during physiological and pathological processes. FOXF2, a member of the FOX transcription family, is expressed in various organs and tissues while maintaining their normal structural and functional development during the embryonic and adult stages. Multiple regulatory pathways that regulate FOXF2 may also be controlled by FOXF2. Abnormal FOXF2 expression induced by uncontrollable regulatory signals mediate the progression of human diseases by interfering with the cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, invasion, and metastasis. FOXF2 manipulates downstream pathways and targets as both a pro-oncogenic and anti-oncogenic factor across different types of cancer, suggesting it may be a new potential clinical marker or therapeutic target for cancer. However, FOXF2’s biological functions and specific roles in cancer development remain unclear. In this study, we provide an overview of FOXF2’s structure, function, and regulatory mechanisms in the physiological and pathological conditions of human body. We also discussed the possible reasons why FOXF2 performs the opposite function in the same types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chongge You
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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66
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Mandell E, Kinsella JP, Abman SH. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:661-669. [PMID: 32930508 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a significant clinical problem characterized by refractory and severe hypoxemia secondary to elevated pulmonary vascular resistance resulting in right-to-left extrapulmonary shunting of deoxygenated blood. PPHN is associated with diverse cardiopulmonary disorders and a high early mortality rate for infants with severe PPHN. Surviving infants with PPHN have an increased risk of long-term morbidities. PPHN physiology can be categorized by (1) maladaptation: pulmonary vessels have normal structure and number but have abnormal vasoreactivity; (2) excessive muscularization: increased smooth muscle cell thickness and increased distal extension of muscle to vessels that are usually not muscularized; and (3) underdevelopment: lung hypoplasia associated with decreased pulmonary artery number. Treatment involves adequate lung recruitment, optimization of cardiac output and left ventricular function, and pulmonary vasodilators such as inhaled nitric oxide. Infants who fail to respond to conventional therapy should be evaluated for lethal lung disorders including alveolar-capillary dysplasia, T-box transcription factor 4 gene, thyroid transcription factor-1, ATP-binding cassette A3 gene, and surfactant protein diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Mandell
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - John P Kinsella
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven H Abman
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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67
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The Classification of VACTERL Association into 3 Groups According to the Limb Defect. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2021; 9:e3360. [PMID: 33680640 PMCID: PMC7929542 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The VACTERL association (VA) is defined as the nonrandom co-occurrence of 6 anomalies: vertebral anomalies (V), Anal atresia (A), Cardiac defects (C), Tracheo-esophageal fistula (TE), Renal defects (R), and Limb anomalies (L). The current communication presents an argument that patients with VA should be classified into three district groups based on their limb defects: VACTERL1: patients with normal limbs; VACTERL2: patients with limb anomalies other than radial ray defects of the upper limbs; and VACTERL3: patients with radial ray defects of the upper limbs. The author will demonstrate that the rationale behind the L1-3 classification in patients in VA is based on the embryogenesis of the 6 affected anatomical areas in VA. The pathogenesis of VACTERL1 is secondary to perturbations of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) interactions. SHH signaling is known to have a major role in the normal development of the vertebrae, ano-rectal area, heart, tracheo-esophageal area, and kidney. However, SHH is not involved in the development of the radial ray; hence, patients present with no limb defects. The pathogenesis of VACTERL2 is variable depending on the type of gene mutation. The pathogenesis of VACTERL3 is related to errors in a group of proteins (namely, the proteins of the TBX5-SALL4-SALL1 loop and the FGF8-FGF10 loop/ pathway). These proteins are essential for the normal development of the radial ray and they interact in the development of the other anatomical areas of VA including the heart and kidney. Hence, VACTERL3 patients present with radial ray deficiency.
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68
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Slot E, von der Thüsen JH, van Heijst A, van Marion R, Magielsen F, Dubbink HJ, Post M, Debeer A, Tibboel D, Rottier RJ, de Klein A. Fast detection of FOXF1 variants in patients with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins using targeted sequencing. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:518-525. [PMID: 32413891 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV) is a lethal congenital lung disorder associated with heterozygous variants in the FOXF1 gene or its regulatory region. Patients with ACD/MPV unnecessarily undergo invasive and expensive treatments while awaiting a diagnosis. The aim of this study was to reduce the time to diagnose ACD/MPV by developing a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel that detects FOXF1 variants. METHODS A FOXF1-targeted NGS panel was developed for detection of mutations and large genomic alterations and used for retrospective testing of ACD/MPV patients and controls. Results were confirmed with Sanger sequencing and SNP array analysis. RESULTS Each amplicon of the FOXF1-targeted NGS panel was efficiently sequenced using DNA isolated from blood or cell lines of 15 ACD/MPV patients and 8 controls. Moreover, testing of ACD/MPV patients revealed six novel and six previously described pathogenic or likely pathogenic FOXF1 alterations. CONCLUSION We successfully designed a fast and reliable targeted genetic test to detect variants in the FOXF1 gene and its regulatory region in one run. This relatively noninvasive test potentially prevents unnecessary suffering for patients and reduces the use of futile and expensive treatments like extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation. IMPACT FOXF1-targeted NGS potentially prevents ACD/MPV patients from unnecessary suffering and expensive treatments. FOXF1-targeted NGS potentially reduces the number of misdiagnosis in ACD/MPV patients. Retrospective testing of ACD/MPV patients using FOXF1-targeted NGS revealed six novel pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Slot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H von der Thüsen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arno van Heijst
- Department of Neonatology, Radboud University Medical Center-Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Marion
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Magielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus J Dubbink
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Post
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Debeer
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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69
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Puisney-Dakhli C, Gubana F, Petit F, Bouchghoul H, Gautier V, Martinovic J, Tachdjian G, Receveur A. Early prenatal diagnosis of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins due to a 16q24.1 deletion. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1494-1497. [PMID: 33522073 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
First trimester ultrasound screening is an essential fetal examination performed generally at 11-13 weeks of gestation (WG). However, it does not allow for an accurate description of all fetal organs, partly due to their development in progress. Meanwhile, increased nuchal translucency (INT) is a widely used marker known to be associated with chromosomal deleterious rearrangements. We report on a 14 WG fetus with an association of INT and univentricular congenital heart malformation (CHM) leading to chorionic villous sampling (CVS). Cytogenetic investigations performed using array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated a 1.17 Mb deletion in 16q24.1 encompassing FOXF1 arisen de novo on maternal inherited chromosome. Fetopathological study confirmed CHM with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) associating aortic atresia, mitral stenosis, and left ventricular hypoplasia and revealed in addition specific lung lesions corresponding to alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV). This is so far the first case of first trimester prenatal diagnosis of ACDMPV due to the deletion of FOXF1 gene. An interpretation of the complex genomic data generated by ultrasound markers is facilitated considerably by the genotype-phenotype correlations on fetopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Puisney-Dakhli
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, AP-HP Université Paris Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Francesca Gubana
- UF de Foetopathologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, AP-HP Université Paris Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - François Petit
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, AP-HP Université Paris Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Hanane Bouchghoul
- Service de Gynecologie Obstétrique, Hopital Bicêtre, AP-HP Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Valérie Gautier
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, AP-HP Université Paris Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Jelena Martinovic
- UF de Foetopathologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, AP-HP Université Paris Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Gérard Tachdjian
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, AP-HP Université Paris Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Aline Receveur
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, AP-HP Université Paris Saclay, Clamart, France
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70
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Moreno OM, Sánchez AI, Herreño A, Giraldo G, Suárez F, Prieto JC, Clavijo AS, Olaya M, Vargas Y, Benítez J, Surallés J, Rojas A. Phenotypic Characteristics and Copy Number Variants in a Cohort of Colombian Patients with VACTERL Association. Mol Syndromol 2021; 11:271-283. [PMID: 33505230 DOI: 10.1159/000510910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
VACTERL association (OMIM 192350) is a heterogeneous clinical condition characterized by congenital structural defects that include at least 3 of the following features: vertebral abnormalities, anal atresia, heart defects, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal malformations, and limb defects. The nonrandom occurrence of these malformations and some familial cases suggest a possible association with genetic factors such as chromosomal alterations, gene mutations, and inherited syndromes such as Fanconi anemia (FA). In this study, the clinical phenotype and its relationship with the presence of chromosomal abnormalities and FA were evaluated in 18 patients with VACTERL association. For this, a G-banded karyotype, array-comparative genomic hybridization, and chromosomal fragility test for FA were performed. All patients (10 female and 8 male) showed a broad clinical spectrum: 13 (72.2%) had vertebral abnormalities, 8 (44.4%) had anal atresia, 14 (77.8%) had heart defects, 8 (44.4%) had esophageal atresia, 10 (55.6%) had renal abnormalities, and 10 (55.6%) had limb defects. Chromosomal abnormalities and FA were ruled out. In 2 cases, the finding of microalterations, namely del(15)(q11.2) and dup(17)(q12), explained the phenotype; in 8 cases, copy number variations were classified as variants of unknown significance and as not yet described in VACTERL. These variants comprise genes related to important cellular functions and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Moreno
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ana I Sánchez
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Departamento Materno Infantil, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia.,Centro Médico Imbanaco de Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - Angélica Herreño
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Giraldo
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fernando Suárez
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Unidad de Genética Medica, Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Carlos Prieto
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ana Shaia Clavijo
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mercedes Olaya
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yaris Vargas
- Servicio de Pediatría, Neonatología, Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier Benítez
- CNIO: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Surallés
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Rojas
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Tang S, Salazar-Puerta A, Richards J, Khan S, Hoyland JA, Gallego-Perez D, Walter B, Higuita-Castro N, Purmessur D. Non-viral reprogramming of human nucleus pulposus cells with FOXF1 via extracellular vesicle delivery: an in vitro and in vivo study. Eur Cell Mater 2021; 41:90-107. [PMID: 33465243 PMCID: PMC8514169 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v041a07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is characterized by decreased cellularity and proteoglycan synthesis and increased inflammation, catabolism, and neural/vascular ingrowth. Regenerative methods for IVD degeneration are largely cell-therapy-based or involve viral vectors, which are associated with mutagenesis and undesired immune responses. The present study used bulk electroporation and engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) to deliver forkhead-box F1 (FOXF1) mRNA to degenerate human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells as a minimally invasive therapeutic strategy for IVD regeneration. Bulk electroporation was used to investigate FOXF1 effects on human NP cells during a 4-week culture in 3D agarose constructs. Engineered EV delivery of FOXF1 into human IVD cells in monolayer was determined, with subsequent in vivo validation in a pilot mouse IVD puncture model. FOXF1 transfection significantly altered gene expression by upregulating healthy NP markers [FOXF1, keratin 19 (KRT19)], decreasing inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, -6], catabolic enzymes [metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13)] and nerve growth factor (NGF), with significant increases in glycosaminoglycan accumulation in human NP cells. Engineered EVs loaded with FOXF1 demonstrated successful encapsulation of FOXF1 cargo and effective uptake by human NP cells cultured in monolayer. Injection of FOXF1-loaded EVs into the mouse IVD in vivo resulted in a significant upregulation of FOXF1 and Brachyury, compared to controls at 7 d post-injection, with no evidence of cytotoxicity. This is the first study to demonstrate non-viral delivery of FOXF1 and reprogramming of human NP cells in vitro and mouse IVD cells in vivo. This strategy represents a non-addictive approach for treating IVD degeneration and associated back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D Purmessur
- 3155 Biomedical and Materials Engineering Complex, 140 W. 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210,
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72
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Wu M, Sharma PG, Rajderkar DA. Childhood interstitial lung disease: A case-based review of the imaging findings. Ann Thorac Med 2021; 16:64-72. [PMID: 33680127 PMCID: PMC7908900 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_384_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) consists of a large, heterogeneous group of individually rare disorders. chILD demonstrates major differences in disease etiology, natural history, and management when compared with the adult group. It occurs primarily secondary to an underlying developmental or genetic abnormality affecting the growth and maturity of the pediatric lung. They present with different clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features. In this pictorial review article, we will divide chILD into those more prevalent in infancy and those not specific to infancy. We will use a case based approach to discuss relevant imaging findings including modalities such as radiograph and computed tomography in a wide variety of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Priya Girish Sharma
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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73
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Arias Á, Lucendo AJ. Epidemiology and risk factors for eosinophilic esophagitis: lessons for clinicians. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:1069-1082. [PMID: 32749898 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1806054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rapid expansion in the epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is being documented, along with cumulative research assessing environmental exposures associated with EoE and susceptibility due to genetic variants. AREAS COVERED Incidence rates for EoE of 5-10 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants annually have shown an increase in recent reports of up to 20 in some countries; the highest prevalence being reported for Europe and North America, where EoE now affects more than 1 out of 1,000 people. EoE has been shown to be associated with several disorders, Th2-mediated atopies being the most common. Patients with EoE exhibit increased frequency of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema, and EoE has been considered as a late component of the atopic march. Risk variants in TSLP, CAPN14 and LRCC32 genes, among others, have all been related to EoE, and interact with prenatal and early life exposure potentially modifying abundance and composition of gut microbiome. Dysregulated interactions between bacteria and mucosal immunity emerge as leading causes of EoE. EXPERT OPINION The expanding epidemiology of EoE, the resources needed and subsequent increasing healthcare costs require additional effort to optimize cost-effective management and unveil mechanisms that enhance the development of future preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Arias
- Research Unit, Hospital General Mancha Centro , Alcázar De San Juan, Spain.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (Ciberehd) , Madrid, Spain.,Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa , Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo J Lucendo
- Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (Ciberehd) , Madrid, Spain.,Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa , Madrid, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General De Tomelloso , Ciudad Real, Spain
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74
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Jourdan-Voyen L, Touraine R, Masutti JP, Busa T, Vincent-Delorme C, Dreyfus L, Molin A, Savey B, Mounzer A, Assaf Z, Atallah V, da Cruz V, Gaillard D, Leroy-Terquem E, Mouton JB, Ghoumid J, Picaud JC, Dijoud F, Bouquillon S, Baumann C, Lambert L. Phenotypic and genetic spectrum of alveolar capillary dysplasia: a retrospective cohort study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2020; 105:387-392. [PMID: 31641027 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-317121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD) is one of the causes of pulmonary hypertension. Its diagnosis is histological but new pathogenetic data have emerged. The aim of this study was to describe a French cohort of patients with ACD to improve the comprehension and the diagnosis of this pathology which is probably underdiagnosed. METHODS A retrospective observational study was conducted in French hospitals. Patients born between 2005 and 2017, whose biological samples were sent to the French genetic reference centres, were included. Clinical, histological and genetic data were retrospectively collected. RESULTS We presented a series of 21 patients. The mean of postmenstrual age at birth was 37.6 weeks. The first symptoms appeared on the median of 2.5 hours. Pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed in 20 patients out of 21. Two cases had prolonged survival (3.3 and 14 months). Histological analysis was done on lung tissue from autopsy (57.1% of cases) or from percutaneous biopsy (28.6%). FOXF1 was found abnormal in 15 patients (71.4%): 8 deletions and 7 point mutations. Two deletions were found by chromosomal microarray. CONCLUSION This study is one of the largest clinically described series in literature. It seems crucial to integrate genetics early into diagnostic support. We propose a diagnostic algorithm for helping medical teams to improve diagnosis of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tiffany Busa
- Medical Genetics, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ziad Assaf
- Neonatology, Hopital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jamal Ghoumid
- Genetics, CHRU Lille Pôle Spécialités Médico-Chirurgicales, Arras, France
| | - Jean-Charles Picaud
- Neonatology, Hopital Croix Rousse, Lyon, France.,Neonatology, Universite Lyon 1 Faculte de Medecine et de Maieutique Lyon-Sud Charles Merieux, Oullins, France
| | | | - Sonia Bouquillon
- Cytogenetics, CHRU Lille Pôle Spécialités Médico-Chirurgicales, Arras, France
| | - Cédric Baumann
- Platform of Clinical Research Facility PARC, CHU Nancy, Nancy, France
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75
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Kozłowska Z, Owsiańska Z, Wroblewska JP, Kałużna A, Marszałek A, Singh Y, Mroziński B, Liu Q, Karolak JA, Stankiewicz P, Deutsch G, Szymankiewicz-Bręborowicz M, Szczapa T. Genotype-phenotype correlation in two Polish neonates with alveolar capillary dysplasia. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:320. [PMID: 32600276 PMCID: PMC7322906 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD) is a rare cause of severe pulmonary hypertension and respiratory failure in neonates. The onset of ACD is usually preceded by a short asymptomatic period. The condition is refractory to all available therapies as it irreversibly affects development of the capillary bed in the lungs. The diagnosis of ACD is based on histopathological evaluation of lung biopsy or autopsy tissue or genetic testing of FOXF1 on chromosome 16q24.1. Here, we describe the first two Polish patients with ACD confirmed by histopathological and genetic examination. CASE PRESENTATION The patients were term neonates with high Apgar scores in the first minutes of life. They both were diagnosed prenatally with heart defects. Additionally, the first patient presented with omphalocele. The neonate slightly deteriorated around 12th hour of life, but underwent surgical repair of omphalocele followed by mechanical ventilation. Due to further deterioration, therapy included inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), inotropes and surfactant administration. The second patient was treated with prostaglandin E1 since birth due to suspicion of aortic coarctation (CoA). After ruling out CoA in the 3rd day of life, infusion of prostaglandin E1 was discountinued and immediately patient's condition worsened. Subsequent treatment included re-administration of prostaglandin E1, iNO and mechanical ventilation. Both patients presented with transient improvement after application of iNO, but died despite maximized therapy. They were histopathologically diagnosed post-mortem with ACD. Array comparative genomic hybridization in patient one and patient two revealed copy-number variant (CNV) deletions, respectively, ~ 1.45 Mb in size involving FOXF1 and an ~ 0.7 Mb in size involving FOXF1 enhancer and leaving FOXF1 intact. CONCLUSIONS Both patients presented with a distinct course of ACD, extra-pulmonary manifestations and response to medications. Surgery and ceasing of prostaglandin E1 infusion should be considered as potential causes of this variability. We further highlight the necessity of thorough genetic testing and histopathological examination and propose immunostaining for CD31 and CD34 to facilitate the diagnostic process for better management of infants with ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Kozłowska
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Zuzanna Owsiańska
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna P Wroblewska
- Department of Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Apolonia Kałużna
- Department of Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Yogen Singh
- Department of Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bartłomiej Mroziński
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justyna A Karolak
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gail Deutsch
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, USA
| | - Marta Szymankiewicz-Bręborowicz
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szczapa
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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76
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Neuhäuser CA, Kreymborg KG, Müller C, Khalil M, Jux C, Galambos C, Schranz D. Successful Management of an Infant with Atypical Presentation of Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misalignment of the Pulmonary Veins. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2020; 10:228-231. [PMID: 34395042 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A newborn infant patient presented with persistent pulmonary hypertension. For right ventricular decompression, the ductus arteriosus was kept open by prostaglandin E 1 infusion and was stented at the age of 4 weeks during heart catheterization. The child was weaned from mechanical ventilation, since pulmonary functions were adequate. A small atrial septal defect was identified and closed in cardiac catheterization laboratory to decrease preductal hypoxemia. Diagnostic workup led to the diagnosis of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins. Suprasystemic pulmonary arterial hypertension with persisting nitric oxide dependency remained the leading symptoms. The child underwent bilateral lung transplantation at the age of 28 months. He is well at the age of 44 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Armin Neuhäuser
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Center, University Children's Hospital, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karsten Grosse Kreymborg
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Center, University Children's Hospital, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Khalil
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Center, University Children's Hospital, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Jux
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Center, University Children's Hospital, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Csaba Galambos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Dietmar Schranz
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Center, University Children's Hospital, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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77
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Nathan N, Berdah L, Delestrain C, Sileo C, Clement A. Interstitial lung diseases in children. Presse Med 2020; 49:103909. [PMID: 32563946 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in children (chILD) is a heterogeneous group of rare respiratory disorders that are mostly chronic and associated with high morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of the various chILD is complex and the diseases share common features of inflammatory and fibrotic changes of the lung parenchyma that impair gas exchanges. The etiologies of chILD are numerous. In this review, we chose to classify them as ILD related to exposure/environment insults, ILD related to systemic and immunological diseases, ILD related to primary lung parenchyma dysfunctions and ILD specific to infancy. A growing part of the etiologic spectrum of chILD is being attributed to molecular defects. Currently, the main genetic mutations associated with chILD are identified in the surfactant genes SFTPA1, SFTPA2, SFTPB, SFTPC, ABCA3 and NKX2-1. Other genetic contributors include mutations in MARS, CSF2RA and CSF2RB in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and mutations in TMEM173 and COPA in specific auto-inflammatory forms of chILD. However, only few genotype-phenotype correlations could be identified so far. Herein, information is provided about the clinical presentation and the diagnosis approach of chILD. Despite improvements in patient management, the therapeutic strategies are still relying mostly on corticosteroids although specific therapies are emerging. Larger longitudinal cohorts of patients are being gathered through ongoing international collaborations to improve disease knowledge and targeted therapies. Thus, it is expected that children with ILD will be able to reach the adulthood transition in a better condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Nathan
- Pediatric pulmonology department, Trousseau hospital, reference center for rare lung diseases RespiRare, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), , 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne université and Inserm UMRS933, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Laura Berdah
- Pediatric pulmonology department, Trousseau hospital, reference center for rare lung diseases RespiRare, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), , 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne université and Inserm UMRS933, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Céline Delestrain
- Pediatric pulmonology department, Trousseau hospital, reference center for rare lung diseases RespiRare, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), , 75012 Paris, France
| | - Chiara Sileo
- Radiology department, AP-HP, Trousseau hospital, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Annick Clement
- Pediatric pulmonology department, Trousseau hospital, reference center for rare lung diseases RespiRare, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), , 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne université and Inserm UMRS933, 75012 Paris, France.
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78
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Kitano A, Nakaguro M, Tomotaki S, Hanaoka S, Kawai M, Saito A, Hayakawa M, Takahashi Y, Kawasaki H, Yamada T, Ikeda M, Onda T, Cho K, Haga H, Nakazawa A, Minamiguchi S. A familial case of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins: the clinicopathological features and unusual glomeruloid endothelial proliferation. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:48. [PMID: 32386508 PMCID: PMC7211333 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-00972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV) is a rare disorder of pulmonary vascular abnormality with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. The symptom usually presents within hours after birth, leading to an early demise. Heterozygous de novo point mutations and genomic deletions of the FOXF1 (forkhead box F1) gene or its upstream enhancer have been identified in most patients with ACD/MPV. Most cases of ACD/MPV are sporadic; however, familial cases are also reported in 10% of patients. Case presentation We herein report a case of familial ACD/MPV that showed unusual glomeruloid proliferation of endothelial cells. In this family, three of the four siblings died within two to 3 days after birth because of persistent pulmonary hypertension and respiratory failure. Only the second child remains alive and healthy. An autopsy was performed for the third and fourth children, resulting in a diagnosis of ACD/MPV based on the characteristic features, including misalignment of smaller pulmonary veins and lymphangiectasis. In both of these children, glomeruloid endothelial proliferation of vessels was noted in the interlobular septa. The vessels were immunohistochemically positive for D2–40, CD31, Factor VIII, and ERG, suggestive of differentiation for both lymphatic and blood vessels. Conclusions Unusual glomeruloid endothelial proliferation was observed in a familial ACD/MPV case. This histologic feature has not been described previously in ACD/MPV or any other pulmonary disease. Although the histogenesis of this histologic feature is unclear, this finding may suggest that ACD/MPV is a compound vascular and lymphovascular system disorder that exhibits various histologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kitano
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masato Nakaguro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiichi Tomotaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hanaoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kawai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Saito
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayakawa
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Takahiro Yamada
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ikeda
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Onda
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Cho
- Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakazawa
- Department of Clinical Research, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sachiko Minamiguchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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79
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Wu CY, Chan CH, Dubey NK, Wei HJ, Lu JH, Chang CC, Cheng HC, Ou KL, Deng WP. Highly Expressed FOXF1 Inhibit Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Growth via Inducing Tumor Suppressor and G1-Phase Cell-Cycle Arrest. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093227. [PMID: 32370197 PMCID: PMC7246752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer pathogenesis results from genetic alteration-induced high or low transcriptional programs, which become highly dependent on regulators of gene expression. However, their role in progressive regulation of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and how these dependencies may offer opportunities for novel therapeutic options remain to be understood. Previously, we identified forkhead box F1 (FOXF1) as a reprogramming mediator which leads to stemnesss when mesenchymal stem cells fuse with lung cancer cells, and we now examine its effect on lung cancer through establishing lowly and highly expressing FOXF1 NSCLC engineered cell lines. Higher expression of FOXF1 was enabled in cell lines through lentiviral transduction, and their viability, proliferation, and anchorage-dependent growth was assessed. Flow cytometry and Western blot were used to analyze cellular percentage in cell-cycle phases and levels of cellular cyclins, respectively. In mice, tumorigenic behavior of FOXF1 was investigated. We found that FOXF1 was downregulated in lung cancer tissues and cancer cell lines. Cell proliferation and ability of migration, anchorage-independent growth, and transformation were inhibited in H441-FOXF1H and H1299-FOXF1H, with upregulated tumor suppressor p21 and suppressed cellular cyclins, leading to cell-cycle arrest at the gap 1 (G1) phase. H441-FOXF1H and H1299-FOXF1H injected mice showed reduced tumor size. Conclusively, highly expressing FOXF1 inhibited NSCLC growth via activating tumor suppressor p21 and G1 cell-cycle arrest, thus offering a potentially novel therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Wu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Chan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (N.K.D.); (H.-J.W.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (N.K.D.); (H.-J.W.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jian Wei
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (N.K.D.); (H.-J.W.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hua Lu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (N.K.D.); (H.-J.W.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chung Cheng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (N.K.D.); (H.-J.W.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.)
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- 3D Global Biotech Inc., New Taipei City 22175, Taiwan
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (N.K.D.); (H.-J.W.); (J.-H.L.); (H.-C.C.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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80
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Nishiyama K, Kurokawa M, Torio M, Sakai Y, Arima M, Tsukamoto S, Obata S, Minamikawa S, Nozu K, Kaku N, Maehara Y, Sonoda KH, Taguchi T, Ohga S. Gastrointestinal symptoms as an extended clinical feature of Pierson syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:80. [PMID: 32295525 PMCID: PMC7160948 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Pierson syndrome (PS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by congenital nephrotic syndrome and microcoria. Advances in renal replacement therapies have extended the lifespan of patients, whereas the full clinical spectrum of PS in infancy and beyond remains elusive. Case presentation We present the case of a 12-month-old boy with PS, manifesting as the bilateral microcoria and congenital nephrotic syndrome. He was born without asphyxia, and was neurologically intact from birth through the neonatal period. Generalized muscle weakness and hypotonia were recognized from 3 months of age. The infant showed recurrent vomiting at age 5 months of age, and was diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux and intestinal malrotation. Despite the successful surgical treatment, vomiting persisted and led to severely impaired growth. Tulobuterol treatment was effective in reducing the frequency of vomiting. Targeted sequencing confirmed that he had a compound heterozygous mutation in LAMB2 (NM_002292.3: p.Arg550X and p.Glu1507X). A search of the relevant literature identified 19 patients with severe neuro-muscular phenotypes. Among these, only 8 survived the first 12 months of life, and one had feeding difficulty with similar gastrointestinal problems. Conclusions This report demonstrated that severe neurological deficits and gastrointestinal dysfunction may emerge in PS patients after the first few months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nishiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mari Kurokawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Michiko Torio
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Arima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoko Tsukamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shogo Minamikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kandai Nozu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kaku
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Taguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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81
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Bolte C, Kalin TV, Kalinichenko VV. Molecular, cellular, and bioengineering approaches to stimulate lung regeneration after injury. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 100:101-108. [PMID: 31669132 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The lung is susceptible to damage from a variety of sources throughout development and in adulthood. As a result, the lung has great capacities for repair and regeneration, directed by precisely controlled sequences of molecular and signaling pathways. Impairments or alterations in these signaling events can have deleterious effects on lung structure and function, ultimately leading to chronic lung disorders. When lung injury is too severe for the normal pathways to repair, or if those pathways do not function properly, lung regenerative medicine is needed to restore adequate structure and function. Great progress has been made in recent years in the number of regenerative techniques and their efficacy. This review will address recent progress in lung regenerative medicine focusing on pharmacotherapy including the expanding role of nanotechnology, stem cell-based therapies, and bioengineering techniques. The use of these techniques individually and collectively has the potential to significantly improve morbidity and mortality associated with congenital and acquired lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Bolte
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
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82
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Vincent M, Karolak JA, Deutsch G, Gambin T, Popek E, Isidor B, Szafranski P, Le Caignec C, Stankiewicz P. Clinical, Histopathological, and Molecular Diagnostics in Lethal Lung Developmental Disorders. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:1093-1101. [PMID: 31189067 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0495tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lethal lung developmental disorders are a rare but important group of pediatric diffuse lung diseases presenting with neonatal respiratory failure. On the basis of histopathological appearance at lung biopsy or autopsy, they have been termed: alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins, acinar dysplasia, congenital alveolar dysplasia, and other unspecified primary pulmonary hypoplasias. However, the histopathological continuum in these lethal developmental disorders has made accurate diagnosis challenging, which has implications for recurrence risk. Over the past decade, genetic studies in infants with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins have revealed the causative role of the dosage-sensitive FOXF1 gene and its noncoding regulatory variants in the distant lung-specific enhancer at chromosome 16q24.1. In contrast, the molecular bases of acinar dysplasia and congenital alveolar dysplasia have remained poorly understood. Most recently, disruption of the TBX4-FGF10-FGFR2 epithelial-mesenchymal signaling pathway has been reported in patients with these lethal pulmonary dysplasias. Application of next-generation sequencing techniques, including exome sequencing and whole-genome sequencing, has demonstrated their complex compound inheritance. These data indicate that noncoding regulatory elements play a critical role in lung development in humans. We propose that for more precise lethal lung developmental disorder diagnosis, a diagnostic pathway including whole-genome sequencing should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vincent
- Service de Genetique Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Justyna A Karolak
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and.,Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Gail Deutsch
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tomasz Gambin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland; and.,Institute of Computer Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edwina Popek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Genetique Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | | | - Cedric Le Caignec
- Service de Genetique Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
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83
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6q25.1 (TAB2) microdeletion is a risk factor for hypoplastic left heart: a case report that expands the phenotype. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:137. [PMID: 32183715 PMCID: PMC7077097 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare but devastating congenital heart defect (CHD) accounting for 25% of all infant deaths due to a CHD. The etiology of HLHS remains elusive, but there is increasing evidence to support a genetic cause for HLHS; in particular, this syndrome is associated with abnormalities in genes involved in cardiac development. Consistent with the involvement of heritable genes in structural heart abnormalities, family members of HLHS patients have a higher incidence of both left- and right-sided valve abnormalities, including bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Case presentation We previously described (Am J Med Genet A 173:1848–1857, 2017) a 4-generation family with a 6q25.1 microdeletion encompassing TAB2, a gene known to play an important role in outflow tract and cardiac valve formation during embryonic development. Affected adult family members have short stature, dysmorphic facial features, and multiple valve dysplasia, including BAV. This follow-up report includes previously unpublished details of the cardiac phenotype of affected family members. It also describes a baby recently born into this family who was diagnosed prenatally with short long bones, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and HLHS. He was the second family member to have HLHS; the first died several decades ago. Postnatal genetic testing confirmed the baby had inherited the familial TAB2 deletion. Conclusions Our findings suggest TAB2 haploinsufficiency is a risk factor for HLHS and expands the phenotypic spectrum of this microdeletion syndrome. Chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis and molecular testing for a TAB2 loss of function variant should be considered for individuals with HLHS, particularly in those with additional non-cardiac findings such as IUGR, short stature, and/or dysmorphic facial features.
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84
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Wambach JA, Nogee LM. A Step toward Treating a Lethal Neonatal Lung Disease. STAT3 and Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:961-962. [PMID: 31343895 PMCID: PMC6794102 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201906-1102ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Wambach
- Department of PediatricsSt. Louis Children's Hospital and Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, Missouriand
| | - Lawrence M Nogee
- Department of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, Maryland
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85
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Slot E, de Klein A, Rottier RJ. Generation of three iPSC lines from two patients with heterozygous FOXF1 mutations associated to Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misalignment of the Pulmonary Veins. Stem Cell Res 2020; 44:101745. [PMID: 32169823 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosing Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misalignment of the Pulmonary Veins (ACD/MPV) based on a genetic alteration in the FOXF1 gene, is complicated by the poor understanding of the causal relation between FOXF1 variants and the ACD/MPV phenotype. Here, we report the generation of human iPSC lines from two ACD/MPV patients, each carrying a different heterozygous FOXF1 mutation, which enables disease modeling for further research on the effect of FOXF1 variants in vitro. The iPSC lines were generated from skin fibroblasts using the non-integrating Sendai virus. The lines expressed pluripotency genes, retained the heterozygous mutation and were capable of trilineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Slot
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sophia Children's Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sophia Children's Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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86
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Highly Sensitive Blocker Displacement Amplification and Droplet Digital PCR Reveal Low-Level Parental FOXF1 Somatic Mosaicism in Families with Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misalignment of Pulmonary Veins. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:447-456. [PMID: 32036090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of low-level somatic mosaicism [alternate allele fraction (AAF) ≤ 10%] in parents of affected individuals with the apparent de novo pathogenic variants enables more accurate estimate of recurrence risk. To date, only a few systematic analyses of low-level parental somatic mosaicism have been performed. Herein, highly sensitive blocker displacement amplification, droplet digital PCR, quantitative PCR, long-range PCR, and array comparative genomic hybridization were applied in families with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins. We screened 18 unrelated families with the FOXF1 variant previously determined to be apparent de novo (n = 14), of unknown parental origin (n = 1), or inherited from a parent suspected to be somatic and/or germline mosaic (n = 3). We identified four (22%) families with FOXF1 parental somatic mosaic single-nucleotide variants (n = 3) and copy number variant deletion (n = 1) detected in parental blood samples and an AAF ranging between 0.03% and 19%. In one family, mosaic allele ratio in tissues originating from three germ layers ranged between <0.03% and 0.65%. Because the ratio of parental somatic mosaicism have significant implications for the recurrence risk, this study further implies the importance of a systematic screening of parental samples for low-level and very-low-level (AAF ≤ 1%) somatic mosaicism using methods that are more sensitive than those routinely applied in diagnostics.
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87
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Abstract
Interstitial (diffuse) lung diseases in infants and children comprise a rare heterogeneous group of parenchymal lung disorders, with clinical syndromes characterized by dyspnea, tachypnea, crackles, and hypoxemia. They arise from a wide spectrum of developmental, genetic, inflammatory, infectious, and reactive disorders. In the past, there has been a paucity of information and limited understanding regarding their pathogenesis, natural history, imaging findings, and histopathologic features, which often resulted in enormous diagnostic challenges and confusion. In recent years, there has been a substantial improvement in the understanding of interstitial lung disease in pediatric patients due to the development of a structured classification system based on the etiology of the lung disease, established pathologic criteria for consistent diagnosis, and the improvement of thoracoscopic techniques for lung biopsy. Imaging plays an important role in evaluating interstitial lung diseases in infants and children by confirming and characterizing the disorder, generating differential diagnoses, and providing localization for lung biopsy for pathological diagnosis. In this chapter, the authors present the epidemiology, challenges, and uncertainties of diagnosis and amplify a recently developed classification system for interstitial lung disease in infants and children with clinical, imaging, and pathological correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Cleveland
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Edward Y. Lee
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
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88
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van de Putte R, Dworschak GC, Brosens E, Reutter HM, Marcelis CLM, Acuna-Hidalgo R, Kurtas NE, Steehouwer M, Dunwoodie SL, Schmiedeke E, Märzheuser S, Schwarzer N, Brooks AS, de Klein A, Sloots CEJ, Tibboel D, Brisighelli G, Morandi A, Bedeschi MF, Bates MD, Levitt MA, Peña A, de Blaauw I, Roeleveld N, Brunner HG, van Rooij IALM, Hoischen A. A Genetics-First Approach Revealed Monogenic Disorders in Patients With ARM and VACTERL Anomalies. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:310. [PMID: 32656166 PMCID: PMC7324789 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The VATER/VACTERL association (VACTERL) is defined as the non-random occurrence of the following congenital anomalies: Vertebral, Anal, Cardiac, Tracheal-Esophageal, Renal, and Limb anomalies. As no unequivocal candidate gene has been identified yet, patients are diagnosed phenotypically. The aims of this study were to identify patients with monogenic disorders using a genetics-first approach, and to study whether variants in candidate genes are involved in the etiology of VACTERL or the individual features of VACTERL: Anorectal malformation (ARM) or esophageal atresia with or without trachea-esophageal fistula (EA/TEF). Methods: Using molecular inversion probes, a candidate gene panel of 56 genes was sequenced in three patient groups: VACTERL (n = 211), ARM (n = 204), and EA/TEF (n = 95). Loss-of-function (LoF) and additional likely pathogenic missense variants, were prioritized and validated using Sanger sequencing. Validated variants were tested for segregation and patients were clinically re-evaluated. Results: In 7 out of the 510 patients (1.4%), pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in SALL1, SALL4, and MID1, genes that are associated with Townes-Brocks, Duane-radial-ray, and Opitz-G/BBB syndrome. These syndromes always include ARM or EA/TEF, in combination with at least two other VACTERL features. We did not identify LoF variants in the remaining candidate genes. Conclusions: None of the other candidate genes were identified as novel unequivocal disease genes for VACTERL. However, a genetics-first approach allowed refinement of the clinical diagnosis in seven patients, in whom an alternative molecular-based diagnosis was found with important implications for the counseling of the families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy van de Putte
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gabriel C Dworschak
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heiko M Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carlo L M Marcelis
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rocio Acuna-Hidalgo
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nehir E Kurtas
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marloes Steehouwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sally L Dunwoodie
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eberhard Schmiedeke
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Centre for Child and Youth Health, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Märzheuser
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Schwarzer
- SoMA e.V., Self-Help Organization for People With Anorectal Malformation, Munich, Germany
| | - Alice S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelius E J Sloots
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giulia Brisighelli
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Morandi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria F Bedeschi
- Medical Genetic Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael D Bates
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Marc A Levitt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States.,Department of Surgery, Center for Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Alberto Peña
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States.,Department of Surgery, International Center for Colorectal Care, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ivo de Blaauw
- Department of Surgery-Pediatric Surgery, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nel Roeleveld
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics and School for Oncology & Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Iris A L M van Rooij
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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89
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Genetics of Congenital Heart Disease. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120879. [PMID: 31888141 PMCID: PMC6995556 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects. Studies in animal models and humans have indicated a genetic etiology for CHD. About 400 genes have been implicated in CHD, encompassing transcription factors, cell signaling molecules, and structural proteins that are important for heart development. Recent studies have shown genes encoding chromatin modifiers, cilia related proteins, and cilia-transduced cell signaling pathways play important roles in CHD pathogenesis. Elucidating the genetic etiology of CHD will help improve diagnosis and the development of new therapies to improve patient outcomes.
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90
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Zhang Y, Wu M, Cao Y, Guo F, Li Y. Linking lncRNAs to regulation, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019:1-15. [PMID: 31738606 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1688760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a syndrome characterized by a persistent increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. Due to the lack of specificity in clinical manifestations, patients are usually diagnosed at the late stage of PH, which is hard to treat and often causes right heart failure and death. Furthermore, the regulation and pathogenesis of PH remain obscure. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a type of transcript longer than 200 nt that lacks protein-coding ability, have been found to substantially influence the incidence and progression of various diseases through regulating gene expression at the chromatin, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and even post-translational levels. The crucial roles of lncRNAs in PH have started to draw widespread attention. This review summarizes the regulatory, pathogenic, and diagnostic roles of lncRNAs in PH, in the hope to facilitate the search for early diagnostic markers of and effective therapeutic targets for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology & Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Mianmian Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology & Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunshan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology & Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yahong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology & Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
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91
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Szafranski P, Liu Q, Karolak JA, Song X, de Leeuw N, Faas B, Gerychova R, Janku P, Jezova M, Valaskova I, Gibbs KA, Surrey LF, Poisson V, Bérubé D, Oligny LL, Michaud JL, Popek E, Stankiewicz P. Association of rare non-coding SNVs in the lung-specific FOXF1 enhancer with a mitigation of the lethal ACDMPV phenotype. Hum Genet 2019; 138:1301-1311. [PMID: 31686214 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of FOXF1 causes alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV), a lethal neonatal lung developmental disorder. We describe two similar heterozygous CNV deletions involving the FOXF1 enhancer and re-analyze FOXF1 missense mutation, all associated with an unexpectedly mitigated disease phenotype. In one case, the deletion of the maternal allele of the FOXF1 enhancer caused pulmonary hypertension and histopathologically diagnosed MPV without the typical ACD features. In the second case, the deletion of the paternal enhancer resulted in ACDMPV rather than the expected neonatal lethality. In both cases, FOXF1 expression in lung tissue was higher than usually seen or expected in patients with similar deletions, suggesting an increased activity of the remaining allele of the enhancer. Sequencing of these alleles revealed two rare SNVs, rs150502618-A and rs79301423-T, mapping to the partially overlapping binding sites for TFAP2s and CTCF in the core region of the enhancer. Moreover, in a family with three histopathologically-diagnosed ACDMPV siblings whose missense FOXF1 mutation was inherited from the healthy non-mosaic carrier mother, we have identified a rare SNV rs28571077-A within 2-kb of the above-mentioned non-coding SNVs in the FOXF1 enhancer in the mother, that was absent in the affected newborns and 13 unrelated ACDMPV patients with CNV deletions of this genomic region. Based on the low population frequencies of these three variants, their absence in ACDMPV patients, the results of reporter assay, RNAi and EMSA experiments, and in silico predictions, we propose that the described SNVs might have acted on FOXF1 enhancer as hypermorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Szafranski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justyna A Karolak
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Xiaofei Song
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicole de Leeuw
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte Faas
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Gerychova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Janku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Jezova
- Department of Pathology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Valaskova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lea F Surrey
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginie Poisson
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Bérubé
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luc L Oligny
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques L Michaud
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Edwina Popek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paweł Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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92
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Abman SH, Sun X. Mechanistic Insights into Lethal Lung Developmental Disorders. The Rare Informs the Common. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:1087-1089. [PMID: 31347912 PMCID: PMC6888662 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201907-1351ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Abman
- Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Center and Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora, Colorado
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatricsand.,Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoSan Diego, California
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93
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Gu Y, Hu C. Bioinformatic analysis of the prognostic value and potential regulatory network of FOXF1 in papillary thyroid cancer. Biofactors 2019; 45:902-911. [PMID: 31498939 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
FOXF1 belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors. In this study, we aimed to explore the expression profile of FOXF1 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and corresponding adjacent normal tissues, by using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Thyroid Cancer (TCGA-THCA) and The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Also, we studied its prognostic significance in PTC and its potential regulatory network. Results showed that FOXF1 expression was significantly lower in PTC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Subgroup analysis only confirmed the downregulation in classical histological variant, but not in tall-cell and follicular variants. FOXF1 downregulation was associated with advanced T stages, positive nodal invasion, and advanced pathological stages of the classical variants. FOXF1 expression might be a fair prognostic marker in terms of recurrence, which independently predicted favorable RFS (HR:0.114, 95%CI: 0.045-0.289, p < .001). We examined FOXF1 somatic mutations, gene-level copy number alterations (CNAs) and the methylation status of 57 CpG sites in more than 350 classical PTC cases. However, no expression-related genetic and epigenetic alterations were identified. Based on 20,048 genes with RNA-seq data, we identified 16 genes that showed strongly positive co-expression (Pearson's r ≥ 0.6) with FOXF1. Available evidence showed that some of the genes have well-characterized tumor suppressive effects. We hypothesized that some of these genes might be the upstream regulators or downstream effectors of FOXF1 in classical PTC. In conclusion, FOXF1 mRNA was typically downregulated in classical PTC. Its expression might be a specific and independent prognostic biomarker in terms of RFS in classical PTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gu
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmei Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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94
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Ren X, Ustiyan V, Guo M, Wang G, Bolte C, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Whitsett JA, Kalin TV, Kalinichenko VV. Postnatal Alveologenesis Depends on FOXF1 Signaling in c-KIT + Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:1164-1176. [PMID: 31233341 PMCID: PMC6888649 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201812-2312oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Disruption of alveologenesis is associated with severe pediatric lung disorders, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Although c-KIT+ endothelial cell (EC) progenitors are abundant in embryonic and neonatal lungs, their role in alveolar septation and the therapeutic potential of these cells remain unknown.Objectives: To determine whether c-KIT+ EC progenitors stimulate alveologenesis in the neonatal lung.Methods: We used single-cell RNA sequencing of neonatal human and mouse lung tissues, immunostaining, and FACS analysis to identify transcriptional and signaling networks shared by human and mouse pulmonary c-KIT+ EC progenitors. A mouse model of perinatal hyperoxia-induced lung injury was used to identify molecular mechanisms that are critical for the survival, proliferation, and engraftment of c-KIT+ EC progenitors in the neonatal lung.Measurements and Main Results: Pulmonary c-KIT+ EC progenitors expressing PECAM-1, CD34, VE-Cadherin, FLK1, and TIE2 lacked mature arterial, venal, and lymphatic cell-surface markers. The transcriptomic signature of c-KIT+ ECs was conserved in mouse and human lungs and enriched in FOXF1-regulated transcriptional targets. Expression of FOXF1 and c-KIT was decreased in the lungs of infants with BPD. In the mouse, neonatal hyperoxia decreased the number of c-KIT+ EC progenitors. Haploinsufficiency or endothelial-specific deletion of Foxf1 in mice increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of c-KIT+ ECs. Inactivation of either Foxf1 or c-Kit caused alveolar simplification. Adoptive transfer of c-KIT+ ECs into the neonatal circulation increased lung angiogenesis and prevented alveolar simplification in neonatal mice exposed to hyperoxia.Conclusions: Cell therapy involving c-KIT+ EC progenitors can be beneficial for the treatment of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Ren
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Vladimir Ustiyan
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, and
| | | | - Guolun Wang
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Craig Bolte
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey A. Whitsett
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, and
- Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tanya V. Kalin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Vladimir V. Kalinichenko
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, and
- Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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95
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Pradhan A, Dunn A, Ustiyan V, Bolte C, Wang G, Whitsett JA, Zhang Y, Porollo A, Hu YC, Xiao R, Szafranski P, Shi D, Stankiewicz P, Kalin TV, Kalinichenko VV. The S52F FOXF1 Mutation Inhibits STAT3 Signaling and Causes Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:1045-1056. [PMID: 31199666 PMCID: PMC6794119 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201810-1897oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) is a lethal congenital disorder causing respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension shortly after birth. There are no effective treatments for ACDMPV other than lung transplant, and new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Although ACDMPV is linked to mutations in the FOXF1 gene, molecular mechanisms through which FOXF1 mutations cause ACDMPV are unknown.Objectives: To identify molecular mechanisms by which S52F FOXF1 mutations cause ACDMPV.Methods: We generated a clinically relevant mouse model of ACDMPV by introducing the S52F FOXF1 mutation into the mouse Foxf1 gene locus using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Immunohistochemistry, whole-lung imaging, and biochemical methods were used to examine vasculature in Foxf1WT/S52F lungs and identify molecular mechanisms regulated by FOXF1.Measurements and Main Results: FOXF1 mutations were identified in 28 subjects with ACDMPV. Foxf1WT/S52F knock-in mice recapitulated histopathologic findings in ACDMPV infants. The S52F FOXF1 mutation disrupted STAT3-FOXF1 protein-protein interactions and inhibited transcription of Stat3, a critical transcriptional regulator of angiogenesis. STAT3 signaling and endothelial proliferation were reduced in Foxf1WT/S52F mice and human ACDMPV lungs. S52F FOXF1 mutant protein did not bind chromatin and was transcriptionally inactive. Furthermore, we have developed a novel formulation of highly efficient nanoparticles and demonstrated that nanoparticle delivery of STAT3 cDNA into the neonatal circulation restored endothelial proliferation and stimulated lung angiogenesis in Foxf1WT/S52F mice.Conclusions: FOXF1 acts through STAT3 to stimulate neonatal lung angiogenesis. Nanoparticle delivery of STAT3 is a promising strategy to treat ACDMPV associated with decreased STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Pradhan
- Department of Pediatrics
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
| | - Andrew Dunn
- Department of Pediatrics
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Craig Bolte
- Department of Pediatrics
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
| | - Guolun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
| | | | - Yufang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
| | - Alexey Porollo
- Department of Pediatrics
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, and
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Department of Pediatrics
- Transgenic Animal and Genome Editing Core Facility, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rui Xiao
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas; and
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Przemyslaw Szafranski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Donglu Shi
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Pawel Stankiewicz
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas; and
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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96
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FOXF1 Inhibits Pulmonary Fibrosis by Preventing CDH2-CDH11 Cadherin Switch in Myofibroblasts. Cell Rep 2019; 23:442-458. [PMID: 29642003 PMCID: PMC5947867 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by aberrant accumulation of collagen-secreting myofibroblasts. Development of effective therapies is limited due to incomplete understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating myofibroblast expansion. FOXF1 transcription factor is expressed in resident lung fibroblasts, but its role in lung fibrosis remains unknown due to the lack of genetic mouse models. Through comprehensive analysis of human IPF genomics data, lung biopsies, and transgenic mice with fibroblast-specific inactivation of FOXF1, we show that FOXF1 inhibits pulmonary fibrosis. FOXF1 deletion increases myofibroblast invasion and collagen secretion and promotes a switch from N-cadherin (CDH2) to Cadherin-11 (CDH11), which is a critical step in the acquisition of the pro-fibrotic phenotype. FOXF1 directly binds to Cdh2 and Cdh11 promoters and differentially regulates transcription of these genes. Re-expression of CDH2 or inhibition of CDH11 in FOXF1-deficient cells reduces myofibroblast invasion in vitro. FOXF1 inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by regulating a switch from CDH2 to CDH11 in lung myofibroblasts.
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97
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Petetta C, Tattoli L, Botta G, Di Vella G. Two autopsy cases of siblings with alveolar capillary dysplasia: clinical and post-mortem issues. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2019; 16:180-183. [PMID: 31512071 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-019-00153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV) is a rare but fatal lung disorder, which causes persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and which is unresponsive to treatment. We report the case of two siblings, both of whom died a few hours after birth because of severe pulmonary failure. Post-mortem histology confirmed ACD/MPV as the cause of death in both cases, and genetic analysis identified the same 16p13.3 deletion. ACD/MPV can occur suddenly in apparently healthy newborns after a regular pregnancy, and always leads to death. Nevertheless, an autopsy is not always performed after the death of an infant. For these reasons ACD/MPV represents a challenge for diagnosis and therapeutic management with medicolegal implications. Prenatal assessment of ACD/MPV is very difficult, and it should be suspected when irreversible and persistent fetal circulation occurs rapidly in newborns. An early diagnosis during pregnancy would facilitate adequate counselling regarding treatment and prognosis. When death occurs, a complete autopsy with histological and genetic investigations is recommended in order to define the exact cause of death, and potentially inform appropriate genetic counselling of family members who could be affected by hereditary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Petetta
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Turin, Corso Galileo Galilei 22, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Lucia Tattoli
- S.C. Medicina Legale U, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Torino, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Botta
- Fetal and Maternal Pathology, Department of Pathology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Di Vella
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Turin, Corso Galileo Galilei 22, 10126, Torino, Italy
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98
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Karolak JA, Bacolla A, Liu Q, Lantz PE, Petty J, Trapane P, Panzer K, Totapally BR, Niu Z, Xiao R, Xie NG, Wu LR, Szafranski P, Zhang DY, Stankiewicz P. A recurrent 8 bp frameshifting indel in FOXF1 defines a novel mutation hotspot associated with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:2272-2276. [PMID: 31436901 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) is a rare lethal lung developmental disease. Affected infants manifest with severe respiratory distress and refractory pulmonary hypertension and uniformly die in the first month of life. Heterozygous point mutations or copy-number variant deletions involving FOXF1 and/or its upstream lung-specific enhancer on 16q24.1 have been identified in the vast majority of ACDMPV patients. We have previously described two unrelated families with a de novo pathogenic frameshift variant c.691_698del (p.Ala231Argfs*61) in the exon 1 of FOXF1. Here, we present a third unrelated ACDMPV family with the same de novo variant and propose that a direct tandem repeat of eight consecutive nucleotides GCGGCGGC within the ~4 kb CpG island in FOXF1 exon 1 is a novel mutation hotspot causative for ACDMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna A Karolak
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Albino Bacolla
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick E Lantz
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - John Petty
- Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Pamela Trapane
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Genetics, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Karin Panzer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Balagangadhar R Totapally
- Department of Pediatrics, Florida International University, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Zhiyv Niu
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Nina G Xie
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Lucia R Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Przemyslaw Szafranski
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David Y Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Paweł Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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99
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Edwards JJ, Murali C, Pogoriler J, Frank DB, Handler SS, Deardorff MA, Hopper RK. Histopathologic and Genetic Features of Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Atypical Late Presentation and Prolonged Survival. J Pediatr 2019; 210:214-219.e2. [PMID: 30853201 PMCID: PMC6592752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar capillary dysplasia typically presents with neonatal pulmonary hypertension and early mortality. However, there is growing evidence for a subset of disease with atypical late onset and/or prolonged survival. Here, we present the variable clinical, genetic, and pathology findings of 4 such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Edwards
- Division of Cardiology, the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chaya Murali
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Pogoriler
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David B. Frank
- Division of Cardiology, the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephanie S. Handler
- Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9000 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Mathew A. Deardorff
- Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel K. Hopper
- Division of Cardiology, the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304 USA
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100
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van Neerven SM, Vermeulen L. The interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic Wnt signaling in controlling intestinal transformation. Differentiation 2019; 108:17-23. [PMID: 30799131 PMCID: PMC6717105 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial layer is the fastest renewing tissue in the human body. Due to its incredible turnover rate, the intestine is especially prone to develop cancer, in particular in the colon. Colorectal cancer (CRC) development is characterized by the stepwise accumulation of mutations over time, of which mutations in the tumor suppressor APC are often very early to occur. Generally, mutations in this gene lead to truncated APC proteins that cannot bind to β-catenin to promote its degradation, resulting in a constant overstimulation of the Wnt pathway. The level of intrinsic Wnt activation is dependent on the number of functional β-catenin binding sites remaining within the APC proteins, and the right amount of Wnt signaling is rate-limiting in the formation of polyps. In addition, the intestinal niche provides an extensive spectrum of Wnt ligands, amplifiers and antagonists that locally regulate basal Wnt levels and consequently influence polyp formation propensity. Here we will discuss the crosstalk between transforming epithelial cells and their regional niche in the development of intestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne M van Neerven
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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