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Blaeser A, Awano H, Lu P, Lu QL. Distinct expression of functionally glycosylated alpha-dystroglycan in muscle and non-muscle tissues of FKRP mutant mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191016. [PMID: 29320543 PMCID: PMC5761899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (α-DG) is crucial in maintaining muscle cell membrane integrity. Dystroglycanopathies are identified by the loss of this glycosylation leading to a breakdown of muscle cell membrane integrity and eventual degeneration. However, a small portion of fibers expressing functionally glycosylated α-DG (F-α-DG) (revertant fibers, RF) have been identified. These fibers are generally small in size, centrally nucleated and linked to regenerating fibers. Examination of different muscles have shown various levels of RFs but it is unclear the extent of which they are present. Here we do a body-wide examination of muscles from the FKRP-P448L mutant mouse for the prevalence of RFs. We have identified great variation in the distribution of RF in different muscles and tissues. Triceps shows a large increase in RFs and together with centrally nucleated fibers whereas the pectoralis shows a reduction in revertant but increase in centrally nucleated fibers from 6 weeks to 6 months of age. We have also identified that the sciatic nerve with near normal levels of F-α-DG in the P448Lneo- mouse with reduced levels in the P448Lneo+ and absent in LARGEmyd. The salivary gland of LARGEmyd mice expresses high levels of F-α-DG. Interestingly the same glands in the P448Lneo-and to a lesser degree in P448Lneo+ also maintain considerable amount of F-α-DG, indicating the non-proliferating epithelial cells have a molecular setting permitting glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Blaeser
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (QL); (AB)
| | - Hiroyuki Awano
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Pei Lu
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Qi-Long Lu
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (QL); (AB)
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52
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Li J, Zhang Q. Insight into the molecular genetics of myopia. Mol Vis 2017; 23:1048-1080. [PMID: 29386878 PMCID: PMC5757860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia is the most common cause of visual impairment worldwide. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of myopia. Studies on the molecular genetics of myopia are well established and have implicated the important role of genetic factors. With linkage analysis, association studies, sequencing analysis, and experimental myopia studies, many of the loci and genes associated with myopia have been identified. Thus far, there has been no systemic review of the loci and genes related to non-syndromic and syndromic myopia based on the different approaches. Such a systemic review of the molecular genetics of myopia will provide clues to identify additional plausible genes for myopia and help us to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying myopia. This paper reviews recent genetic studies on myopia, summarizes all possible reported genes and loci related to myopia, and suggests implications for future studies on the molecular genetics of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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53
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Maroofian R, Riemersma M, Jae LT, Zhianabed N, Willemsen MH, Wissink-Lindhout WM, Willemsen MA, de Brouwer APM, Mehrjardi MYV, Ashrafi MR, Kusters B, Kleefstra T, Jamshidi Y, Nasseri M, Pfundt R, Brummelkamp TR, Abbaszadegan MR, Lefeber DJ, van Bokhoven H. B3GALNT2 mutations associated with non-syndromic autosomal recessive intellectual disability reveal a lack of genotype-phenotype associations in the muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathies. Genome Med 2017; 9:118. [PMID: 29273094 PMCID: PMC5740572 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phenotypic severity of congenital muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (MDDG) syndromes associated with aberrant glycosylation of α-dystroglycan ranges from the severe Walker-Warburg syndrome or muscle-eye-brain disease to mild, late-onset, isolated limb-girdle muscular dystrophy without neural involvement. However, muscular dystrophy is invariably found across the spectrum of MDDG patients. METHODS Using linkage mapping and whole-exome sequencing in two families with an unexplained neurodevelopmental disorder, we have identified homozygous and compound heterozygous mutations in B3GALNT2. RESULTS The first family comprises two brothers of Dutch non-consanguineous parents presenting with mild ID and behavioral problems. Immunohistochemical analysis of muscle biopsy revealed no significant aberrations, in line with the absence of a muscular phenotype in the affected siblings. The second family includes five affected individuals from an Iranian consanguineous kindred with mild-to-moderate intellectual disability (ID) and epilepsy without any notable neuroimaging, muscle, or eye abnormalities. Complementation assays of the compound heterozygous mutations identified in the two brothers had a comparable effect on the O-glycosylation of α-dystroglycan as previously reported mutations that are associated with severe muscular phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we show that mutations in B3GALNT2 can give rise to a novel MDDG syndrome presentation, characterized by ID associated variably with seizure, but without any apparent muscular involvement. Importantly, B3GALNT2 activity does not fully correlate with the severity of the phenotype as assessed by the complementation assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Maroofian
- Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Moniek Riemersma
- Department of Neurology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics 855, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas T Jae
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Marjolein H Willemsen
- Department of Human Genetics 855, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn M Wissink-Lindhout
- Department of Human Genetics 855, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michèl A Willemsen
- Department of Neurology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan P M de Brouwer
- Department of Human Genetics 855, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mahmoud Reza Ashrafi
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Benno Kusters
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics 855, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Mojila Nasseri
- Pardis Clinical and Genetics Laboratory, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics 855, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Pardis Clinical and Genetics Laboratory, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Dirk J Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics 855, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Goffinet AM. The evolution of cortical development: the synapsid-diapsid divergence. Development 2017; 144:4061-4077. [PMID: 29138289 DOI: 10.1242/dev.153908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex covers the rostral part of the brain and, in higher mammals and particularly humans, plays a key role in cognition and consciousness. It is populated with neuronal cell bodies distributed in radially organized layers. Understanding the common and lineage-specific molecular mechanisms that orchestrate cortical development and evolution are key issues in neurobiology. During evolution, the cortex appeared in stem amniotes and evolved divergently in two main branches of the phylogenetic tree: the synapsids (which led to present day mammals) and the diapsids (reptiles and birds). Comparative studies in organisms that belong to those two branches have identified some common principles of cortical development and organization that are possibly inherited from stem amniotes and regulated by similar molecular mechanisms. These comparisons have also highlighted certain essential features of mammalian cortices that are absent or different in diapsids and that probably evolved after the synapsid-diapsid divergence. Chief among these is the size and multi-laminar organization of the mammalian cortex, and the propensity to increase its area by folding. Here, I review recent data on cortical neurogenesis, neuronal migration and cortical layer formation and folding in this evolutionary perspective, and highlight important unanswered questions for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre M Goffinet
- University of Louvain, Avenue Mounier, 73 Box B1.73.16, B1200 Brussels, Belgium
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55
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Sheikh MO, Halmo SM, Wells L. Recent advancements in understanding mammalian O-mannosylation. Glycobiology 2017; 27:806-819. [PMID: 28810660 PMCID: PMC6082599 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The post-translational glycosylation of select proteins by O-linked mannose (O-mannose or O-man) is a conserved modification from yeast to humans and has been shown to be necessary for proper development and growth. The most well studied O-mannosylated mammalian protein is α-dystroglycan (α-DG). Hypoglycosylation of α-DG results in varying severities of congenital muscular dystrophies, cancer progression and metastasis, and inhibited entry and infection of certain arenaviruses. Defects in the gene products responsible for post-translational modification of α-DG, primarily glycosyltransferases, are the basis for these diseases. The multitude of clinical phenotypes resulting from defective O-mannosylation highlights the biomedical significance of this unique modification. Elucidation of the various O-mannose biosynthetic pathways is imperative to understanding a broad range of human diseases and for the development of novel therapeutics. In this review, we will focus on recent discoveries delineating the various enzymes, structures and functions associated with O-mannose-initiated glycoproteins. Additionally, we discuss current gaps in our knowledge of mammalian O-mannosylation, discuss the evolution of this pathway, and illustrate the utility and limitations of model systems to study functions of O-mannosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Osman Sheikh
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Stephanie M Halmo
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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56
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Sframeli M, Sarkozy A, Bertoli M, Astrea G, Hudson J, Scoto M, Mein R, Yau M, Phadke R, Feng L, Sewry C, Fen ANS, Longman C, McCullagh G, Straub V, Robb S, Manzur A, Bushby K, Muntoni F. Congenital muscular dystrophies in the UK population: Clinical and molecular spectrum of a large cohort diagnosed over a 12-year period. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:793-803. [PMID: 28688748 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous conditions; some fatal in the first few years of life and with central nervous system involvement, whereas others present a milder course. We provide a comprehensive report of the relative frequency and clinical and genetic spectrum of CMD in the UK. Genetic analysis of CMD genes in the UK is centralised in London and Newcastle. Between 2001 and 2013, a genetically confirmed diagnosis of CMD was obtained for 249 unrelated individuals referred to these services. The most common CMD subtype was laminin-α2 related CMD (also known as MDC1A, 37.4%), followed by dystroglycanopathies (26.5%), Ullrich-CMD (15.7%), SEPN1 (11.65%) and LMNA (8.8%) gene related CMDs. The most common dystroglycanopathy phenotype was muscle-eye-brain-like disease. Fifteen patients carried mutations in the recently discovered ISPD, GMPPB and B3GALNT2 genes. Pathogenic allelic mutations in one of the CMD genes were also found in 169 unrelated patients with milder phenotypes, such as limb girdle muscular dystrophy and Bethlem myopathy. In all, we identified 362 mutations, 160 of which were novel. Our results provide one of the most comprehensive reports on genetics and clinical features of CMD subtypes and should help diagnosis and counselling of families with this group of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sframeli
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Sarkozy
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Marta Bertoli
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Guja Astrea
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Judith Hudson
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mariacristina Scoto
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Rahul Phadke
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lucy Feng
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caroline Sewry
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Adeline Ngoh Seow Fen
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Cheryl Longman
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephanie Robb
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Adnan Manzur
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kate Bushby
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
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57
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Ho ML, Glenn OA, Sherr EH, Strober JB. Serial prenatal and postnatal MRI of dystroglycanopathy in a patient with familial B3GALNT2 mutation. Pediatr Radiol 2017; 47:884-888. [PMID: 28303321 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The dystroglycanopathies are a heterogeneous group of conditions, with mutations in B3GALNT2 described in association with congenital muscular dystrophy. The serial prenatal MRI findings in this disorder have not been well described. We present sequential prenatal and postnatal MRI findings in a boy with compound heterozygous mutations in B3GALNT2, as well as the MRI findings of his two siblings with similar mutations. These findings provide new insight into the molecular pathogenesis and neurodevelopment of congenital muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai-Lan Ho
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Orit A Glenn
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan B Strober
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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58
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Chen CA, Yin J, Lewis RA, Schaaf CP. Genetic causes of optic nerve hypoplasia. J Med Genet 2017; 54:441-449. [PMID: 28501829 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is the most common congenital optic nerve anomaly and a leading cause of blindness in the USA. Although most cases of ONH occur as isolated cases within their respective families, the advancement in molecular diagnostic technology has made us realise that a substantial fraction of cases has identifiable genetic causes, typically de novo mutations. An increasing number of genes has been reported, mutations of which can cause ONH. Many of the genes involved serve as transcription factors, participating in an intricate multistep process critical to eye development and neurogenesis in the neural retina. This review will discuss the respective genes and mutations, human phenotypes, and animal models that have been created to gain a deeper understanding of the disorders. The identification of the underlying gene and mutation provides an important step in diagnosis, medical care and counselling for the affected individuals and their families. We envision that future research will lead to further disease gene identification, but will also teach us about gene-gene and gene-environment interactions relevant to optic nerve development. How much of the functional impairment of the various forms of ONH is a reflection of altered morphogenesis versus neuronal homeostasis will determine the prospect of therapeutic intervention, with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of life of the individuals affected with ONH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-An Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiani Yin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard Alan Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christian P Schaaf
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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59
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Jagla K, Kalman B, Boudou T, Hénon S, Batonnet-Pichon S. Beyond mice: Emerging and transdisciplinary models for the study of early-onset myopathies. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 64:171-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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60
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Booler HS, Pagalday-Vergara V, Williams JL, Hopkinson M, Brown SC. Evidence of early defects in Cajal-Retzius cell localization during brain development in a mouse model of dystroglycanopathy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2017; 43:330-345. [PMID: 28039900 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The secondary dystroglycanopathies represent a heterogeneous group of congenital muscular dystrophies characterized by the defective glycosylation of alpha dystroglycan. These disorders are associated with mutations in at least 17 genes, including Fukutin-related protein (FKRP). At the severe end of the clinical spectrum there is substantial brain involvement, and cobblestone lissencephaly is highly suggestive of these disorders. The precise pathogenesis of this phenotype has, however, remained unclear with most attention focused on the disruption to the radial glial scaffold. Here, we set out to investigate whether lesions are apparent prior to the differentiation of the radial glia. METHODS A detailed investigation of the structural brain defects from embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) up until the time of birth (P0) was undertaken in the Fkrp-deficient mice (FKRPKD ). Reelin, and downstream PI3K/Akt signalling pathways were analysed using Western blot. RESULTS We show that early basement membrane defects and neuroglial ectopia precede radial glial cell differentiation. Furthermore, we identify mislocalization of Cajal-Retzius cells which nonetheless is not associated with any apparent disruption to the reelin, and downstream PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS These observations identify Cajal-Retzius cell mislocalization as an early event during the development of cortical defects thereby identifying an earlier onset and more complex pathogenesis than originally reported for the secondary dystroglycanopathies. Overall this study provides new insight into central nervous system involvement in this group of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Booler
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - V Pagalday-Vergara
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - J L Williams
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - M Hopkinson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - S C Brown
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
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61
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Schuelke M, Øien NC, Oldfors A. Myopathology in the times of modern genetics. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2017; 43:44-61. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Charité-Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
| | - N. C. Øien
- Department of Neuropediatrics and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Charité-Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - A. Oldfors
- Department of Pathology and Genetics; Institute of Biomedicine; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
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63
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Keramaris E, Lu PJ, Tucker J, Lu QL. Expression of glycosylated α-dystroglycan in newborn skeletal and cardiac muscles of fukutin related protein (FKRP) mutant mice. Muscle Nerve 2016; 55:582-590. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.25378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Keramaris
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research; Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center; 1542 Garden Terrace Charlotte North Carolina 28203 USA
| | - Pei J. Lu
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research; Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center; 1542 Garden Terrace Charlotte North Carolina 28203 USA
| | - Jason Tucker
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research; Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center; 1542 Garden Terrace Charlotte North Carolina 28203 USA
| | - Qi L. Lu
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research; Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center; 1542 Garden Terrace Charlotte North Carolina 28203 USA
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64
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Postnatal Gene Therapy Improves Spatial Learning Despite the Presence of Neuronal Ectopia in a Model of Neuronal Migration Disorder. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7120105. [PMID: 27916859 PMCID: PMC5192481 DOI: 10.3390/genes7120105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with type II lissencephaly, a neuronal migration disorder with ectopic neurons, suffer from severe mental retardation, including learning deficits. There is no effective therapy to prevent or correct the formation of neuronal ectopia, which is presumed to cause cognitive deficits. We hypothesized that learning deficits were not solely caused by neuronal ectopia and that postnatal gene therapy could improve learning without correcting the neuronal ectopia formed during fetal development. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated spatial learning of cerebral cortex-specific protein O-mannosyltransferase 2 (POMT2, an enzyme required for O-mannosyl glycosylation) knockout mice and compared to the knockout mice that were injected with an adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) encoding POMT2 into the postnatal brains with Barnes maze. The data showed that the knockout mice exhibited reduced glycosylation in the cerebral cortex, reduced dendritic spine density on CA1 neurons, and increased latency to the target hole in the Barnes maze, indicating learning deficits. Postnatal gene therapy restored functional glycosylation, rescued dendritic spine defects, and improved performance on the Barnes maze by the knockout mice even though neuronal ectopia was not corrected. These results indicate that postnatal gene therapy improves spatial learning despite the presence of neuronal ectopia.
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Bouchet-Séraphin C, Chelbi-Viallon M, Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Seta N. [Genes of alpha-dystroglycanopathies in 2016]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32 Hors série n°2:40-45. [PMID: 27869076 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/201632s210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bouchet-Séraphin
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Service de Biochimie, 75018 Paris, France - AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Département de Génétique, 75018 Paris, France
| | | | - S Vuillaumier-Barrot
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Service de Biochimie, 75018 Paris, France - AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Département de Génétique, 75018 Paris, France - Inserm U733, Faculté Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - N Seta
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Service de Biochimie, 75018 Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
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Identification of novel MYO18A interaction partners required for myoblast adhesion and muscle integrity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36768. [PMID: 27824130 PMCID: PMC5099880 DOI: 10.1038/srep36768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The unconventional myosin MYO18A that contains a PDZ domain is required for muscle integrity during zebrafish development. However, the mechanism by which it functions in myofibers is not clear. The presence of a PDZ domain suggests that MYO18A may interact with other partners to perform muscle-specific functions. Here we performed double-hybrid screening and co-immunoprecipitation to identify MYO18A-interacting proteins, and have identified p190RhoGEF and Golgin45 as novel partners for the MYO18A PDZ domain. We have also identified Lurap1, which was previously shown to bind MYO18A. Functional analyses indicate that, similarly as myo18a, knockdown of lurap1, p190RhoGEF and Golgin45 by morpholino oligonucleotides disrupts dystrophin localization at the sarcolemma and produces muscle lesions. Simultaneous knockdown of myo18a with either of these genes severely disrupts myofiber integrity and dystrophin localization, suggesting that they may function similarly to maintain myofiber integrity. We further show that MYO18A and its interaction partners are required for adhesion of myoblasts to extracellular matrix, and for the formation of the Golgi apparatus and organization of F-actin bundles in myoblast cells. These findings suggest that MYO18A has the potential to form a multiprotein complex that links the Golgi apparatus to F-actin, which regulates muscle integrity and function during early development.
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Jerber J, Zaki MS, Al-Aama JY, Rosti RO, Ben-Omran T, Dikoglu E, Silhavy JL, Caglar C, Musaev D, Albrecht B, Campbell KP, Willer T, Almuriekhi M, Çağlayan AO, Vajsar J, Bilgüvar K, Ogur G, Abou Jamra R, Günel M, Gleeson JG. Biallelic Mutations in TMTC3, Encoding a Transmembrane and TPR-Containing Protein, Lead to Cobblestone Lissencephaly. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:1181-1189. [PMID: 27773428 PMCID: PMC5097947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobblestone lissencephaly (COB) is a severe brain malformation in which overmigration of neurons and glial cells into the arachnoid space results in the formation of cortical dysplasia. COB occurs in a wide range of genetic disorders known as dystroglycanopathies, which are congenital muscular dystrophies associated with brain and eye anomalies and range from Walker-Warburg syndrome to Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy. Each of these conditions has been associated with alpha-dystroglycan defects or with mutations in genes encoding basement membrane components, which are known to interact with alpha-dystroglycan. Our screening of a cohort of 25 families with recessive forms of COB identified six families affected by biallelic mutations in TMTC3 (encoding transmembrane and tetratricopeptide repeat containing 3), a gene without obvious functional connections to alpha-dystroglycan. Most affected individuals showed brainstem and cerebellum hypoplasia, as well as ventriculomegaly. However, the minority of the affected individuals had eye defects or elevated muscle creatine phosphokinase, separating the TMTC3 COB phenotype from typical congenital muscular dystrophies. Our data suggest that loss of TMTC3 causes COB with minimal eye or muscle involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jerber
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Jumana Y Al-Aama
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21453, Saudi Arabia; Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21453, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasim Ozgur Rosti
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tawfeg Ben-Omran
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medical College, Qatar, Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Esra Dikoglu
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jennifer L Silhavy
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Caner Caglar
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Damir Musaev
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Beate Albrecht
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Kevin P Campbell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Neurology, Internal Medicine, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA
| | - Tobias Willer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Neurology, Internal Medicine, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA
| | - Mariam Almuriekhi
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medical College, Qatar, Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmet Okay Çağlayan
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul 34394, Turkey
| | - Jiri Vajsar
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kaya Bilgüvar
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology, and Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Gonul Ogur
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55000 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Murat Günel
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology, and Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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Servián-Morilla E, Takeuchi H, Lee TV, Clarimon J, Mavillard F, Area-Gómez E, Rivas E, Nieto-González JL, Rivero MC, Cabrera-Serrano M, Gómez-Sánchez L, Martínez-López JA, Estrada B, Márquez C, Morgado Y, Suárez-Calvet X, Pita G, Bigot A, Gallardo E, Fernández-Chacón R, Hirano M, Haltiwanger RS, Jafar-Nejad H, Paradas C. A POGLUT1 mutation causes a muscular dystrophy with reduced Notch signaling and satellite cell loss. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1289-1309. [PMID: 27807076 PMCID: PMC5090660 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration by muscle satellite cells is a physiological mechanism activated upon muscle damage and regulated by Notch signaling. In a family with autosomal recessive limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy, we identified a missense mutation in POGLUT1 (protein O‐glucosyltransferase 1), an enzyme involved in Notch posttranslational modification and function. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the mutation reduces O‐glucosyltransferase activity on Notch and impairs muscle development. Muscles from patients revealed decreased Notch signaling, dramatic reduction in satellite cell pool and a muscle‐specific α‐dystroglycan hypoglycosylation not present in patients' fibroblasts. Primary myoblasts from patients showed slow proliferation, facilitated differentiation, and a decreased pool of quiescent PAX7+ cells. A robust rescue of the myogenesis was demonstrated by increasing Notch signaling. None of these alterations were found in muscles from secondary dystroglycanopathy patients. These data suggest that a key pathomechanism for this novel form of muscular dystrophy is Notch‐dependent loss of satellite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Servián-Morilla
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Tom V Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Memory Unit, Department of Neurology and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabiola Mavillard
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Estela Area-Gómez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eloy Rivas
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose L Nieto-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maria C Rivero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Macarena Cabrera-Serrano
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonardo Gómez-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose A Martínez-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Beatriz Estrada
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Celedonio Márquez
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Suárez-Calvet
- Laboratori de Malalties Neuromusculars, Institut de Recerca de HSCSP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Bigot
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Eduard Gallardo
- Laboratori de Malalties Neuromusculars, Institut de Recerca de HSCSP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Fernández-Chacón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hamed Jafar-Nejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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69
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Glycan Engineering for Cell and Developmental Biology. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:108-121. [PMID: 26933739 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell-surface glycans are a diverse class of macromolecules that participate in many key biological processes, including cell-cell communication, development, and disease progression. Thus, the ability to modulate the structures of glycans on cell surfaces provides a powerful means not only to understand fundamental processes but also to direct activity and elicit desired cellular responses. Here, we describe methods to sculpt glycans on cell surfaces and highlight recent successes in which artificially engineered glycans have been employed to control biological outcomes such as the immune response and stem cell fate.
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Blaeser A, Awano H, Wu B, Lu QL. Progressive Dystrophic Pathology in Diaphragm and Impairment of Cardiac Function in FKRP P448L Mutant Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164187. [PMID: 27711214 PMCID: PMC5053477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene for fukutin-related protein represent a subset of muscular dystrophies known as dystroglycanopathies characterized by loss of functionally-glycosylated-alpha-dystroglycan and a wide range of dystrophic phenotypes. Mice generated by our lab containing the P448L mutation in the fukutin-related protein gene demonstrate the dystrophic phenotype similar to that of LGMD2I. Here we examined the morphology of the heart and diaphragm, focusing on pathology of diaphragm and cardiac function of the mutant mice for up to 12 months. Both diaphragm and heart lack clear expression of functionally-glycosylated-alpha-dystroglycan throughout the observed period. The diaphragm undergoes progressive deterioration in histology with increasing amount of centranucleation and inflammation. Large areas of mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis of up to 60% of tissue area were detected as early as 6 months of age. Despite a less severe morphology with only patches of mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis of ~5% by 12 months of age in the heart, cardiac function is clearly affected. High frequency ultrasound reveals a smaller heart size up to 10 months of age. There are significant increases in myocardial thickness and decrease in cardiac output through 12 months. Dysfunction in the heart represents a key marker for evaluating experimental therapies aimed at cardiac muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Blaeser
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28203, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AB); (QLL)
| | - Hiroyuki Awano
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28203, United States of America
| | - Bo Wu
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28203, United States of America
| | - Qi-Long Lu
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28203, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AB); (QLL)
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Yagi H, Kuo CW, Obayashi T, Ninagawa S, Khoo KH, Kato K. Direct Mapping of Additional Modifications on Phosphorylated O-glycans of α-Dystroglycan by Mass Spectrometry Analysis in Conjunction with Knocking Out of Causative Genes for Dystroglycanopathy. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3424-3434. [PMID: 27601598 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.062729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycanopathy is a major class of congenital muscular dystrophy caused by a deficiency of functional glycans on α-dystroglycan (αDG) with laminin-binding activity. Recent advances have led to identification of several causative gene products of dystroglycanopathy and characterization of their in vitro enzymatic activities. However, the in vivo functional roles remain equivocal for enzymes such as ISPD, FKTN, FKRP, and TMEM5 that are supposed to be involved in post-phosphoryl modifications linking the GalNAc-β3-GlcNAc-β4-Man-6-phosphate core and the outer laminin-binding glycans. Herein, by direct nano-LC-MS2/MS3 analysis of tryptic glycopeptides derived from a truncated recombinant αDG expressed in the wild-type and a panel of mutated cells deficient in one of these enzymes, we sought to define the full extent of variable modifications on this phosphorylated core O-glycan at the functional Thr317/Thr319 sites. We showed that the most abundant glycoforms carried a phosphorylated core at each of the two sites, with and without a single ribitol phosphate (RboP) extending from terminal HexNAc. At much lower signal intensity, a novel substituent tentatively assigned as glycerol phosphate (GroP) was additionally detected. As expected, tandem RboP extended with a GlcA-Xyl unit was only identified in wild type, whereas knocking out of either ISPD or FKTN prevented formation of RboP. In the absence of FKRP, glycoforms with single but not tandem RboP accumulated, consistent with the suggested role of this enzyme in transferring the second RboP. Intriguingly, the single GroP modification also required functional FKTN whereas absence of TMEM5 significantly hindered only the addition of RboP. Our findings thus revealed additional levels of complexity associated with the core structures, suggesting functional interplay among these enzymes through their interactions. The simplified analytical workflow developed here should facilitate rapid mapping across a wider range of cell types to gain better insights into its physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yagi
- From the ‡Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Chu-Wei Kuo
- §Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Takayuki Obayashi
- From the ‡Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ninagawa
- ¶Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience and Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- §Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Koichi Kato
- From the ‡Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; .,¶Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience and Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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72
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Ravenscroft G, Davis MR, Lamont P, Forrest A, Laing NG. New era in genetics of early-onset muscle disease: Breakthroughs and challenges. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 64:160-170. [PMID: 27519468 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset muscle disease includes three major entities that present generally at or before birth: congenital myopathies, congenital muscular dystrophies and congenital myasthenic syndromes. Almost exclusively there is weakness and hypotonia, although cases manifesting hypertonia are increasingly being recognised. These diseases display a wide phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity, with the uptake of next generation sequencing resulting in an unparalleled extension of the phenotype-genotype correlations and "diagnosis by sequencing" due to unbiased sequencing. Perhaps now more than ever, detailed clinical evaluations are necessary to guide the genetic diagnosis; with arrival at a molecular diagnosis frequently occurring following dialogue between the molecular geneticist, the referring clinician and the pathologist. There is an ever-increasing blurring of the boundaries between the congenital myopathies, dystrophies and myasthenic syndromes. In addition, many novel disease genes have been described and new insights have been gained into skeletal muscle development and function. Despite the advances made, a significant percentage of patients remain without a molecular diagnosis, suggesting that there are many more human disease genes and mechanisms to identify. It is now technically- and clinically-feasible to perform next generation sequencing for severe diseases on a population-wide scale, such that preconception-carrier screening can occur. Newborn screening for selected early-onset muscle diseases is also technically and ethically-achievable, with benefits to the patient and family from early management of these diseases and should also be implemented. The need for world-wide Reference Centres to meticulously curate polymorphisms and mutations within a particular gene is becoming increasingly apparent, particularly for interpretation of variants in the large genes which cause early-onset myopathies: NEB, RYR1 and TTN. Functional validation of candidate disease variants is crucial for accurate interpretation of next generation sequencing and appropriate genetic counseling. Many published "pathogenic" variants are too frequent in control populations and are thus likely rare polymorphisms. Mechanisms need to be put in place to systematically update the classification of variants such that accurate interpretation of variants occurs. In this review, we highlight the recent advances made and the challenges ahead for the molecular diagnosis of early-onset muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianina Ravenscroft
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and the Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Mark R Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, Pathwest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Phillipa Lamont
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and the Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Neurogenetic unit, Dept of Neurology, Royal Perth Hospital and The Perth Children's Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alistair Forrest
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and the Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and the Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Department of Diagnostic Genomics, Pathwest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia.
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73
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Inamori KI, Beedle AM, de Bernabé DBV, Wright ME, Campbell KP. LARGE2-dependent glycosylation confers laminin-binding ability on proteoglycans. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1284-1296. [PMID: 27496765 PMCID: PMC5137251 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Both LARGE1 (formerly LARGE) and its paralog LARGE2 are bifunctional glycosyltransferases with xylosy- and glucuronyltransferase activities, and are capable of synthesizing polymers composed of a repeating disaccharide [-3Xylα1,3GlcAβ1-]. Post-translational modification of the O-mannosyl glycan of α-dystroglycan (α-DG) with the polysaccharide is essential for it to act as a receptor for ligands in the extracellular matrix (ECM), and both LARGE paralogs contribute to the modification in vivo. LARGE1 and LARGE2 have different tissue distribution profiles and enzymatic properties; however, the functional difference of the homologs remains to be determined, and α-DG is the only known substrate for the modification by LARGE1 or LARGE2. Here we show that LARGE2 can modify proteoglycans (PGs) with the laminin-binding glycan. We found that overexpression of LARGE2, but not LARGE1, mediates the functional modification on the surface of DG-/-, Pomt1-/- and Fktn-/- embryonic stem cells. We identified a heparan sulfate-PG glypican-4 as a substrate for the LARGE2-dependent modification by affinity purification and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis. Furthermore, we showed that LARGE2 could modify several additional PGs with the laminin-binding glycan, most likely within the glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-protein linkage region. Our results indicate that LARGE2 can modify PGs with the GAG-like polysaccharide composed of xylose and glucuronic acid to confer laminin binding. Thus, LARGE2 may play a differential role in stabilizing the basement membrane and modifying its functions by augmenting the interactions between laminin globular domain-containing ECM proteins and PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei-Ichiro Inamori
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and.,Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA.,Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Aaron M Beedle
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and.,Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Daniel Beltrán-Valero de Bernabé
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and.,Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA
| | - Michael E Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA
| | - Kevin P Campbell
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and .,Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA
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74
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Mechanistic aspects of the formation of α-dystroglycan and therapeutic research for the treatment of α-dystroglycanopathy: A review. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:115-24. [PMID: 27421908 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
α-Dystroglycanopathy, an autosomal recessive disease, is associated with the development of a variety of diseases, including muscular dystrophy. In humans, α-dystroglycanopathy includes various types of congenital muscular dystrophy such as Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), muscle eye brain disease (MEB), and the Walker Warburg syndrome (WWS), and types of limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2I (LGMD2I). α-Dystroglycanopathy share a common etiology, since it is invariably caused by gene mutations that are associated with the O-mannose glycosylation pathway of α-dystroglycan (α-DG). α-DG is a central member of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) family in peripheral membranes, and the proper glycosylation of α-DG is essential for it to bind to extracellular matrix proteins, such as laminin, to cell components. The disruption of this ligand-binding is thought to result in damage to cell membrane integration, leading to the development of muscular dystrophy. Clinical manifestations of α-dystroglycanopathy frequently include mild to severe alterations in the central nervous system and optical manifestations in addition to muscular dystrophy. Eighteen causative genes for α-dystroglycanopathy have been identified to date, and it is likely that more will be reported in the near future. These findings have stimulated extensive and energetic investigations in this research field, and novel glycosylation pathways have been implicated in the process. At the same time, the use of gene therapy, antisense therapy, and enzymatic supplementation have been evaluated as therapeutic possibilities for some types of α-dystroglycanopathy. Here we review the molecular and clinical findings associated with α-dystroglycanopathy and the development of therapeutic approaches, by comparing the approaches with the development of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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75
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Massalska D, Zimowski JG, Bijok J, Kucińska-Chahwan A, Łusakowska A, Jakiel G, Roszkowski T. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital myopathies and muscular dystrophies. Clin Genet 2016; 90:199-210. [PMID: 27197572 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Congenital myopathies and muscular dystrophies constitute a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous group of rare inherited diseases characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy, motor delay and respiratory insufficiency. To date, curative care is not available for these diseases, which may severely affect both life-span and quality of life. We discuss prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling for families at risk, as well as diagnostic possibilities in sporadic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Massalska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J G Zimowski
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Bijok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Kucińska-Chahwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Łusakowska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Jakiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Roszkowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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76
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McMorran BJ, McCarthy FE, Gibbs EM, Pang M, Marshall JL, Nairn AV, Moremen KW, Crosbie-Watson RH, Baum LG. Differentiation-related glycan epitopes identify discrete domains of the muscle glycocalyx. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1120-1132. [PMID: 27236198 PMCID: PMC5241718 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is enriched with glycoproteins modified with N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residues, and four nominally GalNAc-specific plant lectins have historically been used to identify the NMJ and the utrophin-glycoprotein complex. However, little is known about the specific glycan epitopes on skeletal muscle that are bound by these lectins, the glycoproteins that bear these epitopes or how creation of these glycan epitopes is regulated. Here, we profile changes in cell surface glycosylation during muscle cell differentiation and identify distinct differences in the binding preferences of GalNAc-specific lectins, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA), Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA), soybean agglutinin (SBA) and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA). While we find that all four GalNAc binding lectins specifically label the NMJ, each of the four lectins binds distinct sets of muscle glycoproteins; furthermore, none of the major adhesion complexes are required for binding of any of the four GalNAc-specific lectins. Analysis of glycosylation-related transcripts identified target glycosyltransferases and glycosidases that could potentially create GalNAc-containing epitopes; reducing expression of these transcripts by siRNA highlighted differences in lectin binding specificities. In addition, we found that complex N-glycans are required for binding of WFA and SBA to murine C2C12 myotubes and for WFA binding to wild-type skeletal muscle, but not for binding of VVA or DBA. These results demonstrate that muscle cell surface glycosylation is finely regulated during muscle differentiation in a domain- and acceptor-substrate-specific manner, suggesting that temporal- and site-specific glycosylation are important for skeletal muscle cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J McMorran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Francis E McCarthy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Gibbs
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mabel Pang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jamie L Marshall
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alison V Nairn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rachelle H Crosbie-Watson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Linda G Baum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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77
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Gerin I, Ury B, Breloy I, Bouchet-Seraphin C, Bolsée J, Halbout M, Graff J, Vertommen D, Muccioli GG, Seta N, Cuisset JM, Dabaj I, Quijano-Roy S, Grahn A, Van Schaftingen E, Bommer GT. ISPD produces CDP-ribitol used by FKTN and FKRP to transfer ribitol phosphate onto α-dystroglycan. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11534. [PMID: 27194101 PMCID: PMC4873967 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes required for the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan lead to muscle and brain diseases known as dystroglycanopathies. However, the precise structure and biogenesis of the assembled glycan are not completely understood. Here we report that three enzymes mutated in dystroglycanopathies can collaborate to attach ribitol phosphate onto α-dystroglycan. Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. We also show that ISPD and FKTN are essential for the incorporation of ribitol into α-dystroglycan in HEK293 cells. Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan in fibroblasts from patients with hypomorphic ISPD mutations is reduced. We observe that in some cases glycosylation can be partially restored by addition of ribitol to the culture medium, suggesting that dietary supplementation with ribitol should be evaluated as a therapy for patients with ISPD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Gerin
- WELBIO and de Duve Institute, Biological Chemistry, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît Ury
- WELBIO and de Duve Institute, Biological Chemistry, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Breloy
- Institute for Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Céline Bouchet-Seraphin
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique et Cellulaire, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Bolsée
- WELBIO and de Duve Institute, Biological Chemistry, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathias Halbout
- WELBIO and de Duve Institute, Biological Chemistry, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Graff
- WELBIO and de Duve Institute, Biological Chemistry, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Vertommen
- WELBIO and de Duve Institute, Biological Chemistry, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Seta
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique et Cellulaire, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Cuisset
- Hôpital Roger-Salengro, Service de neuropédiatrie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, CHRU, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ivana Dabaj
- AP-HP, Hôpital R Poincaré, Service de pédiatrie, F-92380 Garches, France
| | - Susana Quijano-Roy
- AP-HP, Hôpital R Poincaré, Service de pédiatrie, F-92380 Garches, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, F-92380 Garches, France.,Université de Versailles-St Quentin, U1179 UVSQ - INSERM, F-78180 Montigny, France
| | - Ammi Grahn
- WELBIO and de Duve Institute, Biological Chemistry, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emile Van Schaftingen
- WELBIO and de Duve Institute, Biological Chemistry, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guido T Bommer
- WELBIO and de Duve Institute, Biological Chemistry, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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78
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Abstract
Studies of syndromic hydrocephalus have led to the identification of >100 causative genes. Even though this work has illuminated numerous pathways associated with hydrocephalus, it has also highlighted the fact that the genetics underlying this phenotype are more complex than anticipated originally. Mendelian forms of hydrocephalus account for a small fraction of the genetic burden, with clear evidence of background-dependent effects of alleles on penetrance and expressivity of driver mutations in key developmental and homeostatic pathways. Here, we synthesize the currently implicated genes and inheritance paradigms underlying hydrocephalus, grouping causal loci into functional modules that affect discrete, albeit partially overlapping, cellular processes. These in turn have the potential to both inform pathomechanism and assist in the rational molecular classification of a clinically heterogeneous phenotype. Finally, we discuss conceptual methods that can lead to enhanced gene identification and dissection of disease basis, knowledge that will potentially form a foundation for the design of future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kousi
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27701;
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27701;
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79
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A New Mouse Model of Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2I Homozygous for the Common L276I Mutation Mimicking the Mild Phenotype in Humans. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 74:1137-46. [PMID: 26574668 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2I (LGMD2I) is caused by mutations in the Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) gene, leading to inadequate glycosylation of α-dystroglycan, an important protein linking the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. We created a mouse model of the common FKRP L276I mutation and a hemizygous FKRP L276I knockout model. We studied histopathology and protein expression in the models at different ages and found that homozygous FKRP L276I mice developed a mild progressive myopathy with increased muscle regeneration and fibrosis starting from 1 year of age. This was likely caused by progressive loss of α-dystroglycan-specific glycosylation, which was decreased by 78% at 20 months. The homozygous FKRP knockout was embryonic lethal, but the hemizygous L276I model resembled the homozygous FKRP L276I model at comparable ages. These models emphasize the importance of FKRP in maintaining proper glycosylation of α-dystroglycan. The mild progression in the homozygous FKRP L276I model resembles that in patients with LGMD2I who are homozygous for the L276I mutation. This animal model could, therefore, be relevant for understanding the pathophysiology of and developing a treatment strategy for the human disorder.
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80
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Kim J, Hopkinson M, Kavishwar M, Fernandez-Fuente M, Brown SC. Prenatal muscle development in a mouse model for the secondary dystroglycanopathies. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:3. [PMID: 26900448 PMCID: PMC4759920 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The defective glycosylation of α-dystroglycan is associated with a group of muscular dystrophies that are collectively referred to as the secondary dystroglycanopathies. Mutations in the gene encoding fukutin-related protein (FKRP) are one of the most common causes of secondary dystroglycanopathy in the UK and are associated with a wide spectrum of disease. Whilst central nervous system involvement has a prenatal onset, no studies have addressed prenatal muscle development in any of the mouse models for this group of diseases. In view of the pivotal role of α-dystroglycan in early basement membrane formation, we sought to determine if the muscle formation was altered in a mouse model of FKRP-related dystrophy. Results Mice with a knock-down in FKRP (FKRPKD) showed a marked reduction in α-dystroglycan glycosylation and reduction in laminin binding by embryonic day 15.5 (E15.5), relative to wild type controls. In addition, the total number of Pax7+ progenitor cells in the FKRPKD tibialis anterior at E15.5 was significantly reduced, and myotube cluster/myofibre size showed a significant reduction in size. Moreover, myoblasts isolated from the limb muscle of these mice at E15.5 showed a marked reduction in their ability to form myotubes in vitro. Conclusions These data identify an early reduction of laminin α2, reduction of myogenicity and depletion of Pax7+ progenitor cells which would be expected to compromise subsequent postnatal muscle growth and its ability to regenerate postnatally. These findings are of significance to the development of future therapies in this group of devastating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Kim
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark Hopkinson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Manoli Kavishwar
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Marta Fernandez-Fuente
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Susan Carol Brown
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
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81
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Krag TO, Vissing J. A New Mouse Model of Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2I Homozygous for the Common L276I Mutation Mimicking the Mild Phenotype in Humans. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/74.12.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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82
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Ryckebüsch L. [Potential of the zebrafish model to study congenital muscular dystrophies]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:912-9. [PMID: 26481031 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to better understand the complexity of congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD) and develop new strategies to cure them, it is important to establish new disease models. Due to its numerous helpful attributes, the zebrafish has recently become a very powerful animal model for the study of CMD. For some CMD, this vertebrate model is phenotypically closer to human pathology than the murine model. Over the last few years, researchers have developed innovative techniques to screen rapidly and on a large scale for muscle defects in zebrafish. Furthermore, new genome editing techniques in zebrafish make possible the identification of new disease models. In this review, the major attributes of zebrafish for CMD studies are discussed and the principal models of CMD in zebrafish are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Ryckebüsch
- Division of biological sciences, university of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0380, La Jolla, États-Unis
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83
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Booler HS, Williams JL, Hopkinson M, Brown SC. Degree of Cajal-Retzius Cell Mislocalization Correlates with the Severity of Structural Brain Defects in Mouse Models of Dystroglycanopathy. Brain Pathol 2015; 26:465-78. [PMID: 26306834 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The secondary dystroglycanopathies are characterized by the hypoglycosylation of alpha dystroglycan, and are associated with mutations in at least 18 genes that act on the glycosylation of this cell surface receptor rather than the Dag1 gene itself. At the severe end of the disease spectrum, there are substantial structural brain defects, the most striking of which is often cobblestone lissencephaly. The aim of this study was to determine the gene-specific aspects of the dystroglycanopathy brain phenotype through a detailed investigation of the structural brain defects present at birth in three mouse models of dystroglycanopathy-the FKRP(KD) , which has an 80% reduction in Fkrp transcript levels; the Pomgnt1null , which carries a deletion of exons 7-16 of the Pomgnt1 gene; and the Large(myd) mouse, which carries a deletion of exons 5-7 of the Large gene. We show a rostrocaudal and mediolateral gradient in the severity of brain lesions in FKRP(KD) , and to a lesser extent Pomgnt1null mice. Furthermore, the mislocalization of Cajal-Retzius cells is correlated with the gradient of these lesions and the severity of the brain phenotype in these models. Overall these observations implicate gene-specific differences in the pathogenesis of brain lesions in this group of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen S Booler
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Josie L Williams
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Mark Hopkinson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Susan C Brown
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
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84
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Ducro BJ, Schurink A, Bastiaansen JWM, Boegheim IJM, van Steenbeek FG, Vos-Loohuis M, Nijman IJ, Monroe GR, Hellinga I, Dibbits BW, Back W, Leegwater PAJ. A nonsense mutation in B3GALNT2 is concordant with hydrocephalus in Friesian horses. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:761. [PMID: 26452345 PMCID: PMC4600337 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydrocephalus in Friesian horses is a developmental disorder that often results in stillbirth of affected foals and dystocia in dams. The occurrence is probably related to a founder effect and inbreeding in the population. The aim of our study was to find genomic associations, to investigate the mode of inheritance, to allow a DNA test for hydrocephalus in Friesian horses to be developed. In case of a monogenic inheritance we aimed to identify the causal mutation. Results A genome-wide association study of hydrocephalus in 13 cases and 69 controls using 29,720 SNPs indicated the involvement of a region on ECA1 (P <1.68 × 10−6). Next generation DNA sequence analysis of 4 cases and 6 controls of gene exons within the region revealed a mutation in β-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B3GALNT2) as the likely cause of hydrocephalus in Friesian horses. The nonsense mutation XM_001491545 c.1423C>T corresponding to XP_001491595 p.Gln475* was identical to a B3GALNT2 mutation identified in a human case of muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy with hydrocephalus. All 16 available cases and none of the controls were homozygous for the mutation, and all 17 obligate carriers (= dams of cases) were heterozygous. A random sample of the Friesian horse population (n = 865) was tested for the mutation in a commercial laboratory. One-hundred and forty-seven horses were carrier and 718 horses were homozygous for the normal allele; the estimated allele frequency in the Friesian horse population is 0.085. Conclusions Hydrocephalus in Friesian horses has an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. A nonsense mutation XM_001491545 c.1423C>T corresponding to XP_001491595 p.Gln475* in B3GALNT2 (1:75,859,296–75,909,376) is concordant with hydrocephalus in Friesian horses. Application of a DNA test in the breeding programme will reduce the losses caused by hydrocephalus in the Friesian horse population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1936-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart J Ducro
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anouk Schurink
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - John W M Bastiaansen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Iris J M Boegheim
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank G van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Manon Vos-Loohuis
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Isaac J Nijman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Glen R Monroe
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ids Hellinga
- Koninklijke Vereniging "Het Friesch Paarden-Stamboek", PO Box 624, 9200 AP, Drachten, The Netherlands.
| | - Bert W Dibbits
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Willem Back
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112-114, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Peter A J Leegwater
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Tsai SC, Jheng YH, Wang CY, Chen YW, Lin YF, Chen CC, Chang PC. Osseous wound repair under inhibition of the axis of advanced glycation end-products and the advanced glycation end-products receptor. J Formos Med Assoc 2015; 114:973-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Restoration of Functional Glycosylation of α-Dystroglycan in FKRP Mutant Mice Is Associated with Muscle Regeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:2025-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kang PB, Morrison L, Iannaccone ST, Graham RJ, Bönnemann CG, Rutkowski A, Hornyak J, Wang CH, North K, Oskoui M, Getchius TSD, Cox JA, Hagen EE, Gronseth G, Griggs RC. Evidence-based guideline summary: evaluation, diagnosis, and management of congenital muscular dystrophy: Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Issues Review Panel of the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine. Neurology 2015; 84:1369-78. [PMID: 25825463 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delineate optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) through a systematic review and analysis of the currently available literature. METHODS Relevant, peer-reviewed research articles were identified using a literature search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. Diagnostic and therapeutic data from these articles were extracted and analyzed in accordance with the American Academy of Neurology classification of evidence schemes for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic studies. Recommendations were linked to the strength of the evidence, other related literature, and general principles of care. RESULTS The geographic and ethnic backgrounds, clinical features, brain imaging studies, muscle imaging studies, and muscle biopsies of children with suspected CMD help predict subtype-specific diagnoses. Genetic testing can confirm some subtype-specific diagnoses, but not all causative genes for CMD have been described. Seizures and respiratory complications occur in specific subtypes. There is insufficient evidence to determine the efficacy of various treatment interventions to optimize respiratory, orthopedic, and nutritional outcomes, and more data are needed regarding complications. RECOMMENDATIONS Multidisciplinary care by experienced teams is important for diagnosing and promoting the health of children with CMD. Accurate assessment of clinical presentations and genetic data will help in identifying the correct subtype-specific diagnosis in many cases. Multiorgan system complications occur frequently; surveillance and prompt interventions are likely to be beneficial for affected children. More research is needed to fill gaps in knowledge regarding this category of muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Kang
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.B.K.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (P.B.K.), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (L.M.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (S.T.I.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Children's Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Critical Care Medicine (R.J.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Cure Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Cure CMD) (A.R.), Olathe, KS; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.R.), Kaiser Permanente South Bay Medical Center, Harbor City, CA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (J.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (C.H.W.), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neurology (C.H.W.), Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (K.N.), The Royal Children's Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Australia; Neurology & Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Center for Health Policy (T.S.D.G., J.A.C., E.E.H.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Leslie Morrison
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.B.K.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (P.B.K.), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (L.M.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (S.T.I.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Children's Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Critical Care Medicine (R.J.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Cure Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Cure CMD) (A.R.), Olathe, KS; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.R.), Kaiser Permanente South Bay Medical Center, Harbor City, CA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (J.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (C.H.W.), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neurology (C.H.W.), Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (K.N.), The Royal Children's Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Australia; Neurology & Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Center for Health Policy (T.S.D.G., J.A.C., E.E.H.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Susan T Iannaccone
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.B.K.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (P.B.K.), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (L.M.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (S.T.I.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Children's Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Critical Care Medicine (R.J.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Cure Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Cure CMD) (A.R.), Olathe, KS; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.R.), Kaiser Permanente South Bay Medical Center, Harbor City, CA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (J.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (C.H.W.), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neurology (C.H.W.), Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (K.N.), The Royal Children's Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Australia; Neurology & Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Center for Health Policy (T.S.D.G., J.A.C., E.E.H.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Robert J Graham
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.B.K.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (P.B.K.), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (L.M.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (S.T.I.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Children's Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Critical Care Medicine (R.J.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Cure Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Cure CMD) (A.R.), Olathe, KS; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.R.), Kaiser Permanente South Bay Medical Center, Harbor City, CA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (J.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (C.H.W.), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neurology (C.H.W.), Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (K.N.), The Royal Children's Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Australia; Neurology & Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Center for Health Policy (T.S.D.G., J.A.C., E.E.H.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.B.K.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (P.B.K.), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (L.M.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (S.T.I.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Children's Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Critical Care Medicine (R.J.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Cure Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Cure CMD) (A.R.), Olathe, KS; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.R.), Kaiser Permanente South Bay Medical Center, Harbor City, CA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (J.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (C.H.W.), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neurology (C.H.W.), Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (K.N.), The Royal Children's Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Australia; Neurology & Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Center for Health Policy (T.S.D.G., J.A.C., E.E.H.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Anne Rutkowski
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.B.K.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (P.B.K.), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (L.M.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (S.T.I.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Children's Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Critical Care Medicine (R.J.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Cure Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Cure CMD) (A.R.), Olathe, KS; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.R.), Kaiser Permanente South Bay Medical Center, Harbor City, CA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (J.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (C.H.W.), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neurology (C.H.W.), Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (K.N.), The Royal Children's Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Australia; Neurology & Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Center for Health Policy (T.S.D.G., J.A.C., E.E.H.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Joseph Hornyak
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.B.K.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (P.B.K.), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (L.M.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (S.T.I.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Children's Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Critical Care Medicine (R.J.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Cure Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Cure CMD) (A.R.), Olathe, KS; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.R.), Kaiser Permanente South Bay Medical Center, Harbor City, CA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (J.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (C.H.W.), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neurology (C.H.W.), Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (K.N.), The Royal Children's Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Australia; Neurology & Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Center for Health Policy (T.S.D.G., J.A.C., E.E.H.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Ching H Wang
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.B.K.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (P.B.K.), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (L.M.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (S.T.I.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Children's Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Critical Care Medicine (R.J.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Cure Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Cure CMD) (A.R.), Olathe, KS; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.R.), Kaiser Permanente South Bay Medical Center, Harbor City, CA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (J.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (C.H.W.), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neurology (C.H.W.), Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (K.N.), The Royal Children's Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Australia; Neurology & Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Center for Health Policy (T.S.D.G., J.A.C., E.E.H.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Kathryn North
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.B.K.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (P.B.K.), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (L.M.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (S.T.I.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Children's Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Critical Care Medicine (R.J.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Cure Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Cure CMD) (A.R.), Olathe, KS; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.R.), Kaiser Permanente South Bay Medical Center, Harbor City, CA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (J.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (C.H.W.), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neurology (C.H.W.), Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (K.N.), The Royal Children's Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Australia; Neurology & Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Center for Health Policy (T.S.D.G., J.A.C., E.E.H.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Maryam Oskoui
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.B.K.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (P.B.K.), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (L.M.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (S.T.I.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Children's Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Critical Care Medicine (R.J.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Cure Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Cure CMD) (A.R.), Olathe, KS; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.R.), Kaiser Permanente South Bay Medical Center, Harbor City, CA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (J.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (C.H.W.), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neurology (C.H.W.), Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (K.N.), The Royal Children's Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Australia; Neurology & Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Center for Health Policy (T.S.D.G., J.A.C., E.E.H.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Thomas S D Getchius
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.B.K.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (P.B.K.), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (L.M.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (S.T.I.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Children's Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Critical Care Medicine (R.J.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Cure Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Cure CMD) (A.R.), Olathe, KS; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.R.), Kaiser Permanente South Bay Medical Center, Harbor City, CA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (J.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (C.H.W.), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neurology (C.H.W.), Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (K.N.), The Royal Children's Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Australia; Neurology & Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Center for Health Policy (T.S.D.G., J.A.C., E.E.H.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Julie A Cox
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.B.K.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (P.B.K.), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (L.M.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (S.T.I.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Children's Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Critical Care Medicine (R.J.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Cure Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Cure CMD) (A.R.), Olathe, KS; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.R.), Kaiser Permanente South Bay Medical Center, Harbor City, CA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (J.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (C.H.W.), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neurology (C.H.W.), Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (K.N.), The Royal Children's Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Australia; Neurology & Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Center for Health Policy (T.S.D.G., J.A.C., E.E.H.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Erin E Hagen
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.B.K.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (P.B.K.), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (L.M.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (S.T.I.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Children's Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Critical Care Medicine (R.J.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Cure Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Cure CMD) (A.R.), Olathe, KS; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.R.), Kaiser Permanente South Bay Medical Center, Harbor City, CA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (J.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (C.H.W.), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neurology (C.H.W.), Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (K.N.), The Royal Children's Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Australia; Neurology & Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Center for Health Policy (T.S.D.G., J.A.C., E.E.H.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Gary Gronseth
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.B.K.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (P.B.K.), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (L.M.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (S.T.I.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Children's Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Critical Care Medicine (R.J.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Cure Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Cure CMD) (A.R.), Olathe, KS; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.R.), Kaiser Permanente South Bay Medical Center, Harbor City, CA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (J.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (C.H.W.), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neurology (C.H.W.), Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (K.N.), The Royal Children's Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Australia; Neurology & Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Center for Health Policy (T.S.D.G., J.A.C., E.E.H.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Robert C Griggs
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.B.K.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (P.B.K.), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (L.M.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (S.T.I.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Children's Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Critical Care Medicine (R.J.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Cure Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Cure CMD) (A.R.), Olathe, KS; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.R.), Kaiser Permanente South Bay Medical Center, Harbor City, CA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (J.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (C.H.W.), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neurology (C.H.W.), Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (K.N.), The Royal Children's Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Australia; Neurology & Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Center for Health Policy (T.S.D.G., J.A.C., E.E.H.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
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Yavarna T, Al-Dewik N, Al-Mureikhi M, Ali R, Al-Mesaifri F, Mahmoud L, Shahbeck N, Lakhani S, AlMulla M, Nawaz Z, Vitazka P, Alkuraya FS, Ben-Omran T. High diagnostic yield of clinical exome sequencing in Middle Eastern patients with Mendelian disorders. Hum Genet 2015; 134:967-80. [PMID: 26077850 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical exome sequencing (CES) has become an increasingly popular diagnostic tool in patients with heterogeneous genetic disorders, especially in those with neurocognitive phenotypes. Utility of CES in consanguineous populations has not yet been determined on a large scale. A clinical cohort of 149 probands from Qatar with suspected Mendelian, mainly neurocognitive phenotypes, underwent CES from July 2012 to June 2014. Intellectual disability and global developmental delay were the most common clinical presentations but our cohort displayed other phenotypes, such as epilepsy, dysmorphism, microcephaly and other structural brain anomalies and autism. A pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation, including pathogenic CNVs, was identified in 89 probands for a diagnostic yield of 60%. Consanguinity and positive family history predicted a higher diagnostic yield. In 5% (7/149) of cases, CES implicated novel candidate disease genes (MANF, GJA9, GLG1, COL15A1, SLC35F5, MAGE4, NEUROG1). CES uncovered two coexisting genetic disorders in 4% (6/149) and actionable incidental findings in 2% (3/149) of cases. Average time to diagnosis was reduced from 27 to 5 months. CES, which already has the highest diagnostic yield among all available diagnostic tools in the setting of Mendelian disorders, appears to be particularly helpful diagnostically in the highly consanguineous Middle Eastern population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarunashree Yavarna
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O.BOX. 3050, Doha, Qatar
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Gorokhova S, Biancalana V, Lévy N, Laporte J, Bartoli M, Krahn M. Clinical massively parallel sequencing for the diagnosis of myopathies. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2015; 171:558-71. [PMID: 26022190 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Massively parallel sequencing, otherwise known as high-throughput or next-generation sequencing, is rapidly gaining wide use in clinical practice due to possibility of simultaneous exploration of multiple genomic regions. More than 300 genes have been implicated in neuromuscular disorders, meaning that many genes need to be considered in a differential diagnosis for a patient affected with myopathy. By providing sequencing information for numerous genes at the same time, massively parallel sequencing greatly accelerates the diagnostic processes of myopathies compared to the classical "gene-after-gene" approach by Sanger sequencing. In this review, we describe multiple advantages of this powerful sequencing method for applications in myopathy diagnosis. We also outline recent studies that used this approach to discover new myopathy-causing genes and to diagnose cohorts of patients with muscular disorders. Finally, we highlight the key aspects and limitations of massively parallel sequencing that a neurologist considering this test needs to know in order to interpret the results of the test and to deal with other issues concerning the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gorokhova
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, GMGF, UMR_S 910, Faculté de Médecine, secteur Timone, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex, France
| | - V Biancalana
- Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 1, place de l'Hôpital, BP 426, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France; Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, I.G.B.M.C., INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, Strasbourg University, 1, rue Laurent-Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - N Lévy
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, GMGF, UMR_S 910, Faculté de Médecine, secteur Timone, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex, France; AP-HM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Timone Enfants, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - J Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, I.G.B.M.C., INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, Strasbourg University, 1, rue Laurent-Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - M Bartoli
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, GMGF, UMR_S 910, Faculté de Médecine, secteur Timone, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex, France; AP-HM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Timone Enfants, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - M Krahn
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, GMGF, UMR_S 910, Faculté de Médecine, secteur Timone, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex, France; AP-HM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Timone Enfants, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France.
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90
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Kato M. Genotype-phenotype correlation in neuronal migration disorders and cortical dysplasias. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:181. [PMID: 26052266 PMCID: PMC4439546 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration disorders are human (or animal) diseases that result from a disruption in the normal movement of neurons from their original birth site to their final destination during early development. As a consequence, the neurons remain somewhere along their migratory route, their location depending on the pathological mechanism and its severity. The neurons form characteristic abnormalities, which are morphologically classified into several types, such as lissencephaly, heterotopia, and cobblestone dysplasia. Polymicrogyria is classified as a group of malformations that appear secondary to post-migration development; however, recent findings of the underlying molecular mechanisms reveal overlapping processes in the neuronal migration and post-migration development stages. Mutations of many genes are involved in neuronal migration disorders, such as LIS1 and DCX in classical lissencephaly spectrum, TUBA1A in microlissencephaly with agenesis of the corpus callosum, and RELN and VLDLR in lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia. ARX is of particular interest from basic and clinical perspectives because it is critically involved in tangential migration of GABAergic interneurons in the forebrain and its mutations cause a variety of phenotypes ranging from hydranencephaly or lissencephaly to early-onset epileptic encephalopathies, including Ohtahara syndrome and infantile spasms or intellectual disability with no brain malformations. The recent advances in gene and genome analysis technologies will enable the genetic basis of neuronal migration disorders to be unraveled, which, in turn, will facilitate genotype-phenotype correlations to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine Yamagata, Japan
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91
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Yoshida-Moriguchi T, Campbell KP. Matriglycan: a novel polysaccharide that links dystroglycan to the basement membrane. Glycobiology 2015; 25:702-13. [PMID: 25882296 PMCID: PMC4453867 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Associations between cells and the basement membrane are critical for a variety of biological events including cell proliferation, cell migration, cell differentiation and the maintenance of tissue integrity. Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated basement membrane receptor, and is involved in physiological processes that maintain integrity of the skeletal muscle, as well as development and function of the central nervous system. Aberrant O-glycosylation of the α subunit of this protein, and a concomitant loss of dystroglycan's ability to function as a receptor for extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands that bear laminin globular (LG) domains, occurs in several congenital/limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (also referred to as dystroglycanopathies). Recent genetic studies revealed that mutations in DAG1 (which encodes dystroglycan) and at least 17 other genes disrupt the ECM receptor function of dystroglycan and cause disease. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the enzymatic functions of two of these disease genes: the like-glycosyltransferase (LARGE) and protein O-mannose kinase (POMK, previously referred to as SGK196). In addition, we discuss the structure of the glycan that directly binds the ECM ligands and the mechanisms by which this functional motif is linked to dystroglycan. In light of the fact that dystroglycan functions as a matrix receptor and the polysaccharide synthesized by LARGE is the binding motif for matrix proteins, we propose to name this novel polysaccharide structure matriglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yoshida-Moriguchi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, 4283 Carver Biomedical Research Building, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA
| | - Kevin P Campbell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, 4283 Carver Biomedical Research Building, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA
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92
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93
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Awano H, Blaeser A, Wu B, Lu P, Keramaris-Vrantsis E, Lu Q. Dystroglycanopathy muscles lacking functional glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan retain regeneration capacity. Neuromuscul Disord 2015; 25:474-84. [PMID: 25937147 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In dystroglycanopathies, lack of glycosylated alpha-dystroglycan (α-DG) alters membrane fragility leading to fiber damage and repetitive cycles of muscle degeneration and regeneration. However the effect of the glycosylation of α-DG on muscle regeneration is not clearly understood. In this study, we examined the regenerative capacity of dystrophic muscles in vivo in FKRP mutant and LARGE(myd) mice with little and complete lack of functionally glycosylated α-DG (F-α-DG) respectively. The number of regenerating fibers expressing embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMyHC) in the diseased muscles up to the age of 10 months is higher than or at similar levels to wild type muscle after notexin and polyethyleminine insults. The process of fiber maturation is not significantly affected by the lack of F-α-DG assessed by size distribution. The earlier appearance of a larger number of regenerating fibers after injury is consistent with the observation that the populations of myogenic satellite cells are increased and being readily activated in the dystroglycanopathy muscles. F-α-DG is expressed at trace amounts in undifferentiated myoblasts, but increases in differentiated myotubes in vitro. We therefore conclude that muscle regeneration is not impaired in the early stage of the dystroglycanopathies, and F-α-DG does not play a significant role in myogenic cell proliferation and fiber formation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Awano
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Anthony Blaeser
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Pei Lu
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Elizabeth Keramaris-Vrantsis
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Qi Lu
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA.
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Ohtsuka Y, Kanagawa M, Yu CC, Ito C, Chiyo T, Kobayashi K, Okada T, Takeda S, Toda T. Fukutin is prerequisite to ameliorate muscular dystrophic phenotype by myofiber-selective LARGE expression. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8316. [PMID: 25661440 PMCID: PMC4321163 DOI: 10.1038/srep08316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Dystroglycanopathy (α-DGP) is a group of muscular dystrophy characterized by abnormal glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-DG), including Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), muscle-eye-brain disease, Walker-Warburg syndrome, and congenital muscular dystrophy type 1D (MDC1D), etc. LARGE, the causative gene for MDC1D, encodes a glycosyltransferase to form [-3Xyl-α1,3GlcAβ1-] polymer in the terminal end of the post-phosphoryl moiety, which is essential for α-DG function. It has been proposed that LARGE possesses the great potential to rescue glycosylation defects in α-DGPs regardless of causative genes. However, the in vivo therapeutic benefit of using LARGE activity is controversial. To explore the conditions needed for successful LARGE gene therapy, here we used Large-deficient and fukutin-deficient mouse models for MDC1D and FCMD, respectively. Myofibre-selective LARGE expression via systemic adeno-associated viral gene transfer ameliorated dystrophic pathology of Large-deficient mice even when intervention occurred after disease manifestation. However, the same strategy failed to ameliorate the dystrophic phenotype of fukutin-conditional knockout mice. Furthermore, forced expression of Large in fukutin-deficient embryonic stem cells also failed to recover α-DG glycosylation, however coexpression with fukutin strongly enhanced α-DG glycosylation. Together, our data demonstrated that fukutin is required for LARGE-dependent rescue of α-DG glycosylation, and thus suggesting new directions for LARGE-utilizing therapy targeted to myofibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Ohtsuka
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Motoi Kanagawa
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Chih-Chieh Yu
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Chiyomi Ito
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoko Chiyo
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kobayashi
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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Abstract
Most proteins are modified by glycans, which can modulate the biological properties and functions of glycoproteins. The major glycans can be classified into N-glycans and O-glycans according to their glycan-peptide linkage. This review will provide an overview of the O-mannosyl glycans, one subtype of O-glycans. Originally, O-mannosyl glycan was only known to be present on a limited number of glycoproteins, especially α-dystroglycan (α-DG). However, once a clear relationship was established between O-mannosyl glycan and the pathological mechanisms of some congenital muscular dystrophies in humans, research on the biochemistry and pathology of O-mannosyl glycans has been expanding. Because α-DG glycosylation is defective in congenital muscular dystrophies, which also feature abnormal neuronal migration, these disorders are collectively called α-dystroglycanopathies. In this article, I will describe the structure, biosynthesis and pathology of O-mannosyl glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamao Endo
- Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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96
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Neto OA, Tassy O, Biancalana V, Zanoteli E, Pourquié O, Laporte J. Integrative data mining highlights candidate genes for monogenic myopathies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110888. [PMID: 25353622 PMCID: PMC4213015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited myopathies are a heterogeneous group of disabling disorders with still barely understood pathological mechanisms. Around 40% of afflicted patients remain without a molecular diagnosis after exclusion of known genes. The advent of high-throughput sequencing has opened avenues to the discovery of new implicated genes, but a working list of prioritized candidate genes is necessary to deal with the complexity of analyzing large-scale sequencing data. Here we used an integrative data mining strategy to analyze the genetic network linked to myopathies, derive specific signatures for inherited myopathy and related disorders, and identify and rank candidate genes for these groups. Training sets of genes were selected after literature review and used in Manteia, a public web-based data mining system, to extract disease group signatures in the form of enriched descriptor terms, which include functional annotation, human and mouse phenotypes, as well as biological pathways and protein interactions. These specific signatures were then used as an input to mine and rank candidate genes, followed by filtration against skeletal muscle expression and association with known diseases. Signatures and identified candidate genes highlight both potential common pathological mechanisms and allelic disease groups. Recent discoveries of gene associations to diseases, like B3GALNT2, GMPPB and B3GNT1 to congenital muscular dystrophies, were prioritized in the ranked lists, suggesting a posteriori validation of our approach and predictions. We show an example of how the ranked lists can be used to help analyze high-throughput sequencing data to identify candidate genes, and highlight the best candidate genes matching genomic regions linked to myopathies without known causative genes. This strategy can be automatized to generate fresh candidate gene lists, which help cope with database annotation updates as new knowledge is incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osorio Abath Neto
- Dept. of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Collège de France, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Olivier Tassy
- Dept. of Development & Stem Cells, IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Collège de France, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Biancalana
- Dept. of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Collège de France, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Nouvel Hopital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Edmar Zanoteli
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Dept. of Development & Stem Cells, IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Collège de France, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Dept. of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Collège de France, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
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97
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Wood AJ, Currie PD. Analysing regenerative potential in zebrafish models of congenital muscular dystrophy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 56:30-7. [PMID: 25449259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of muscle disorders. Clinically hypotonia is present from birth, with progressive muscle weakness and wasting through development. For the most part, CMDs can mechanistically be attributed to failure of basement membrane protein laminin-α2 sufficiently binding with correctly glycosylated α-dystroglycan. The majority of CMDs therefore arise as the result of either a deficiency of laminin-α2 (MDC1A) or hypoglycosylation of α-dystroglycan (dystroglycanopathy). Here we consider whether by filling a regenerative medicine niche, the zebrafish model can address the present challenge of delivering novel therapeutic solutions for CMD. In the first instance the readiness and appropriateness of the zebrafish as a model organism for pioneering regenerative medicine therapies in CMD is analysed, in particular for MDC1A and the dystroglycanopathies. Despite the recent rapid progress made in gene editing technology, these approaches have yet to yield any novel zebrafish models of CMD. Currently the most genetically relevant zebrafish models to the field of CMD, have all been created by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis. Once genetically relevant models have been established the zebrafish has several important facets for investigating the mechanistic cause of CMD, including rapid ex vivo development, optical transparency up to the larval stages of development and relative ease in creating transgenic reporter lines. Together, these tools are well suited for use in live-imaging studies such as in vivo modelling of muscle fibre detachment. Secondly, the zebrafish's contribution to progress in effective treatment of CMD was analysed. Two approaches were identified in which zebrafish could potentially contribute to effective therapies. The first hinges on the augmentation of functional redundancy within the system, such as upregulating alternative laminin chains in the candyfloss fish, a model of MDC1A. Secondly high-throughput small molecule screens not only provide effective therapies, but also an alternative strategy for investigating CMD in zebrafish. In this instance insight into disease mechanism is derived in reverse. Zebrafish models are therefore clearly of critical importance in the advancement of regenerative medicine strategies in CMD. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Regenerative Medicine: The challenge of translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Wood
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Building 75, Level 1, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Melbourne, Victoroia 3181, Australia
| | - P D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Building 75, Level 1, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Melbourne, Victoroia 3181, Australia.
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98
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Kanagawa M, Lu Z, Ito C, Matsuda C, Miyake K, Toda T. Contribution of dysferlin deficiency to skeletal muscle pathology in asymptomatic and severe dystroglycanopathy models: generation of a new model for Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106721. [PMID: 25198651 PMCID: PMC4157776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in dystroglycan glycosylation are associated with a group of muscular dystrophies, termed dystroglycanopathies, that include Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD). It is widely believed that abnormal glycosylation of dystroglycan leads to disease-causing membrane fragility. We previously generated knock-in mice carrying a founder retrotransposal insertion in fukutin, the gene responsible for FCMD, but these mice did not develop muscular dystrophy, which hindered exploring therapeutic strategies. We hypothesized that dysferlin functions may contribute to muscle cell viability in the knock-in mice; however, pathological interactions between glycosylation abnormalities and dysferlin defects remain unexplored. To investigate contributions of dysferlin deficiency to the pathology of dystroglycanopathy, we have crossed dysferlin-deficient dysferlin(sjl/sjl) mice to the fukutin-knock-in fukutin(Hp/-) and Large-deficient Largemyd/myd mice, which are phenotypically distinct models of dystroglycanopathy. The fukutin(Hp/-) mice do not show a dystrophic phenotype; however, (dysferlin(sjl/sjl): fukutin(Hp/-)) mice showed a deteriorated phenotype compared with (dysferlinsjl/sjl: fukutin(Hp/+)) mice. These data indicate that the absence of functional dysferlin in the asymptomatic fukutin(Hp/-) mice triggers disease manifestation and aggravates the dystrophic phenotype. A series of pathological analyses using double mutant mice for Large and dysferlin indicate that the protective effects of dysferlin appear diminished when the dystrophic pathology is severe and also may depend on the amount of dysferlin proteins. Together, our results show that dysferlin exerts protective effects on the fukutin(Hp/-) FCMD mouse model, and the (dysferlin(sjl/sjl): fukutin(Hp/-)) mice will be useful as a novel model for a recently proposed antisense oligonucleotide therapy for FCMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Kanagawa
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Zhongpeng Lu
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chiyomi Ito
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chie Matsuda
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Katsuya Miyake
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail:
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99
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Townsend D. Finding the sweet spot: assembly and glycosylation of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 297:1694-705. [PMID: 25125182 PMCID: PMC4135523 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC) is a collection of glycoproteins that are essential for the normal function of striated muscle and many other tissues. Recent genetic studies have implicated the components of this complex in over a dozen forms of muscular dystrophy. Furthermore, disruption of the DGC has been implicated in many forms of acquired disease. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the processing and assembly of dystrophin-associated proteins with a focus primarily on the dystroglycan heterodimer and the sarcoglycan complex. These proteins form the transmembrane portion of the DGC and undergo a complex multi-step processing with proteolytic cleavage, differential assembly, and both N- and O-glycosylation. The enzymes responsible for this processing and a model describing the sequence and subcellular localization of these events are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewayne Townsend
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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100
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Inamori KI, Willer T, Hara Y, Venzke D, Anderson ME, Clarke NF, Guicheney P, Bönnemann CG, Moore SA, Campbell KP. Endogenous glucuronyltransferase activity of LARGE or LARGE2 required for functional modification of α-dystroglycan in cells and tissues. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28138-48. [PMID: 25138275 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.597831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the LARGE gene have been identified in congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) patients with brain abnormalities. Both LARGE and its paralog, LARGE2 (also referred to as GYLTL1B) are bifunctional glycosyltransferases with xylosyltransferase (Xyl-T) and glucuronyltransferase (GlcA-T) activities, and are capable of forming polymers consisting of [-3Xyl-α1,3GlcAβ1-] repeats. LARGE-dependent modification of α-dystroglycan (α-DG) with these polysaccharides is essential for the ability of α-DG to act as a receptor for ligands in the extracellular matrix. Here we report on the endogenous enzymatic activities of LARGE and LARGE2 in mice and humans, using a newly developed assay for GlcA-T activity. We show that normal mouse and human cultured cells have endogenous LARGE GlcA-T, and that this activity is absent in cells from the Large(myd) (Large-deficient) mouse model of muscular dystrophy, as well as in cells from CMD patients with mutations in the LARGE gene. We also demonstrate that GlcA-T activity is significant in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle of wild-type and Large2(-/-) mice, but negligible in the corresponding tissues of the Large(myd) mice. Notably, GlcA-T activity is substantial, though reduced, in the kidneys of both the Large(myd) and Large2(-/-) mice, consistent with the observation of α-DG/laminin binding in these contexts. This study is the first to test LARGE activity in samples as small as cryosections and, moreover, provides the first direct evidence that not only LARGE, but also LARGE2, is vital to effective functional modification of α-DG in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei-ichiro Inamori
- From the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1101, Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Tobias Willer
- From the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1101
| | - Yuji Hara
- From the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1101
| | - David Venzke
- From the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1101
| | - Mary E Anderson
- From the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1101
| | - Nigel F Clarke
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pascale Guicheney
- Inserm, U1166, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Paris, France, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S1166, Paris, France
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Steven A Moore
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Kevin P Campbell
- From the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1101,
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