51
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Guo H, Wang J, Yao J, Sun S, Sheng N, Zhang X, Guo X, Guo Y, Sun Y, Dai J. Comparative Hepatotoxicity of Novel PFOA Alternatives (Perfluoropolyether Carboxylic Acids) on Male Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3929-3937. [PMID: 30865431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As novel alternatives to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoropolyether carboxylic acids (multiether PFECAs, CF3(OCF2) nCOO-, n = 2-4) have been detected in various environmental matrices; however, public information regarding their toxicities remains unavailable. To compare the hepatotoxicity of multiether PFECAs (e.g., PFO2HxA, PFO3OA, and PFO4DA) with PFOA, male mice were exposed to 0.4, 2, or 10 mg/kg/d of each chemical for 28 d, respectively. Results demonstrated that PFO2HxA and PFO3OA exposure did not induce marked increases in relative liver weight; whereas 2 and 10 mg/kg/d of PFO4DA significantly increased relative liver weight. Furthermore, PFO2HxA and PFO3OA demonstrated almost no accumulation in the liver or serum; whereas PFO4DA was accumulated but with weaker potential than PFOA. Exposure to 10 mg/kg/d of PFO4DA led to 198 differentially expressed liver genes (56 down-regulated, 142 up-regulated), with bioinformatics analysis highlighting the urea cycle disorder. Like PFOA, 10 mg/kg/d of PFO4DA decreased the urea cycle-related enzyme protein levels (e.g., carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1) and serum ammonia content in a dose-dependent manner. Both PFOA and PFO4DA treatment (highest concentration) caused a decrease in glutamate content and increase in both glutamine synthetase activity and aquaporin protein levels in the brain. Thus, we concluded that PFO4DA caused hepatotoxicity, as indicated by hepatomegaly and karyolysis, though to a lesser degree than PFOA, and induced urea cycle disorder, which may contribute to the observed toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Jingzhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Sujie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Nan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 210029 , China
| | - Yong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
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Cao Y, Ding W, Zhang J, Gao Q, Yang H, Cao W, Wang Z, Fang L, Du R. Significant Down-Regulation of Urea Cycle Generates Clinically Relevant Proteomic Signature in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Macrovascular Invasion. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2032-2044. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - WenWen Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - JingZi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - HaoXiang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - WangSen Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - ZhongXia Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - RongHui Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210093, China
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53
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He L, Cai X, Cheng S, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Ren J, Ren F, Yang Q, Tao N, Chen J. Ornithine transcarbamylase downregulation is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5030-5038. [PMID: 31186714 PMCID: PMC6507468 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortalities worldwide. The role of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) in HCC remains unclear. In the present study, the expression of OTC in HCC was analyzed based on datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information and further confirmed by immunohistochemistry, western blotting analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays on clinical samples and cell lines. Furthermore, the associations between OTC expression and clinicopathological parameters as well as clinical outcome, including the overall and disease-free survival rates were analyzed. Finally, the effect of OTC on HCC cells was measured using proliferation, bromodeoxyuridine and colony-formation assays. Lower OTC expression was observed in HCC cells and tissues compared with primary human hepatocytes. Further investigation demonstrated that low expression of OTC in HCC was associated with larger tumor size and advanced grade. A Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with lower levels of OTC exhibited shorter overall and disease-free survival times. Notably, OTC silencing with RNA interference facilitated cell proliferation in HCC SK-Hep-1 and Huh-7 cells. However, overexpression of OTC led to inhibition of cell proliferation. In conclusion, the present study identified a novel role of OTC in HCC development, providing a potential novel therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xuefei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shengtao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Jihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Fang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Nana Tao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Dhanasekaran R, Nault JC, Roberts LR, Zucman-Rossi J. Genomic Medicine and Implications for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prevention and Therapy. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:492-509. [PMID: 30404026 PMCID: PMC6340723 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood, but recent advances in genomics have increased our understanding of the mechanisms by which hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, alcohol, fatty liver disease, and other environmental factors, such as aflatoxin, cause liver cancer. Genetic analyses of liver tissues from patients have provided important information about tumor initiation and progression. Findings from these studies can potentially be used to individualize the management of HCC. In addition to sorafenib, other multi-kinase inhibitors have been approved recently for treatment of HCC, and the preliminary success of immunotherapy has raised hopes. Continued progress in genomic medicine could improve classification of HCCs based on their molecular features and lead to new treatments for patients with liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Charles Nault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte De Recherche 1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Paris, France; Liver Unit, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France; Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte De Recherche 1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Paris, France; Hôpital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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55
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Madak JT, Bankhead A, Cuthbertson CR, Showalter HD, Neamati N. Revisiting the role of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase as a therapeutic target for cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 195:111-131. [PMID: 30347213 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Identified as a hallmark of cancer, metabolic reprogramming allows cancer cells to rapidly proliferate, resist chemotherapies, invade, metastasize, and survive a nutrient-deprived microenvironment. Rapidly growing cells depend on sufficient concentrations of nucleotides to sustain proliferation. One enzyme essential for the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine-based nucleotides is dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a known therapeutic target for multiple diseases. Brequinar, leflunomide, and teriflunomide, all of which are potent DHODH inhibitors, have been clinically evaluated but failed to receive FDA approval for the treatment of cancer. Inhibition of DHODH depletes intracellular pyrimidine nucleotide pools and results in cell cycle arrest in S-phase, sensitization to current chemotherapies, and differentiation in neural crest cells and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Furthermore, DHODH is a synthetic lethal susceptibility in several oncogenic backgrounds. Therefore, DHODH-targeted therapy has potential value as part of a combination therapy for the treatment of cancer. In this review, we focus on the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway as a target for cancer therapy, and in particular, DHODH. In the first part, we provide a comprehensive overview of this pathway and its regulation in cancer. We further describe the relevance of DHODH as a target for cancer therapy using bioinformatic analyses. We then explore the preclinical and clinical results of pharmacological strategies to target the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, with an emphasis on DHODH. Finally, we discuss potential strategies to harness DHODH as a target for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Madak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Armand Bankhead
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christine R Cuthbertson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hollis D Showalter
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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56
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Abstract
Cancer cells reprogramme metabolism to maximize the use of nitrogen and carbon for the anabolic synthesis of macromolecules that are required during tumour proliferation and growth. To achieve this aim, one strategy is to reduce catabolism and nitrogen disposal. The urea cycle (UC) in the liver is the main metabolic pathway to convert excess nitrogen into disposable urea. Outside the liver, UC enzymes are differentially expressed, enabling the use of nitrogen for the synthesis of UC intermediates that are required to accommodate cellular needs. Interestingly, the expression of UC enzymes is altered in cancer, revealing a revolutionary mechanism to maximize nitrogen incorporation into biomass. In this Review, we discuss the metabolic benefits underlying UC deregulation in cancer and the relevance of these alterations for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rom Keshet
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Peter Szlosarek
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
- Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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57
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Liver-enriched Genes are Associated with the Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11197. [PMID: 30046116 PMCID: PMC6060164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-enriched genes are highly expressed in one particular tissue type and represent distinct physiological processes. The dynamic profile of tissue-enriched genes during tumorigenesis and progression remains largely unstudied. Here, we identified tissue-enriched genes from 12 tissue types based on RNA sequencing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and found that the liver had the largest number of such genes among the 12 tissue types. The characteristics of liver-enriched genes were further investigated. Most liver-enriched genes were downregulated and metabolism-related genes, which were associated with pathological stage and dedifferentiation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hypermethylation might be a mechanism underlying the downregulation of liver-enriched genes. We constructed a liver-enriched gene set and demonstrated that it is associated with the prognosis of the patients with HCC both in the TCGA cohort and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Moreover, we discovered that the degree of the dissimilarity between tumors and normal tissues was correlated with the prognosis of patients with HCC and the biological behaviours of the tumors. These results will help identify prognostic biomarkers of patients with HCC, and enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis and progression.
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Sant'Anna-Silva ACB, Santos GC, Campos SPC, Oliveira Gomes AM, Pérez-Valencia JA, Rumjanek FD. Metabolic Profile of Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cell Lines Relies on a Higher Demand of Lipid Metabolism in Metastatic Cells. Front Oncol 2018; 8:13. [PMID: 29456966 PMCID: PMC5801303 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are subjected to a broad range of selective pressures. As a result of the imposed stress, subpopulations of surviving cells exhibit individual biochemical phenotypes that reflect metabolic reprograming. The present work aimed at investigating metabolic parameters of cells displaying increasing degrees of metastatic potential. The metabolites present in cell extracts fraction of tongue fibroblasts and of cell lines derived from human tongue squamous cell carcinoma lineages displaying increasing metastatic potential (SCC9 ZsG, LN1 and LN2) were analyzed by 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy. Living, intact cells were also examined by the non-invasive method of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) based on the auto fluorescence of endogenous NADH. The cell lines reproducibly exhibited distinct metabolic profiles confirmed by Partial Least-Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) of the spectra. Measurement of endogenous free and bound NAD(P)H relative concentrations in the intact cell lines showed that ZsG and LN1 cells displayed high heterogeneity in the energy metabolism, indicating that the cells would oscillate between glycolysis and oxidative metabolism depending on the microenvironment’s composition. However, LN2 cells appeared to have more contributions to the oxidative status, displaying a lower NAD(P)H free/bound ratio. Functional experiments of energy metabolism, mitochondrial physiology, and proliferation assays revealed that all lineages exhibited similar energy features, although resorting to different bioenergetics strategies to face metabolic demands. These differentiated functions may also promote metastasis. We propose that lipid metabolism is related to the increased invasiveness as a result of the accumulation of malonate, methyl malonic acid, n-acetyl and unsaturated fatty acids (CH2)n in parallel with the metastatic potential progression, thus suggesting that the NAD(P)H reflected the lipid catabolic/anabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina B Sant'Anna-Silva
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilson C Santos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem I (CENABIO I)/Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (CNRMN), Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Biomoléculas (bioNMR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samir P Costa Campos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Marco Oliveira Gomes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juan Alberto Pérez-Valencia
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Franklin David Rumjanek
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Wang Y, Chang L, Zhai J, Wu Q, Wang D, Wang Y. Generation of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 reporter cell lines for the assessment of ammonia metabolism. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3214-3223. [PMID: 28557353 PMCID: PMC5706564 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Both primary hepatocytes and stem cells-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) are major sources for bioartificial liver (BAL). Maintenance of hepatocellular functions and induction of functional maturity of HLCs are critical for BAL's support effect. It remains difficult to assess and improve detoxification functions inherent to hepatocytes, including ammonia clearance. Here, we aim to assess ammonia metabolism and identify ammonia detoxification enhancer by developing an imaging strategy. In hepatoma cell line HepG2, and immortalized hepatic cell line LO2, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) gene, the first enzyme of ammonia-eliminating urea cycle, was labelled with fluorescence protein via CRISPR/Cas9 system. With the reporter-based screening approach, cellular detoxification enhancers were selected among a collection of 182 small molecules. In both CPS1 reporter cell lines, the fluorescence intensity is positively correlated with cellular CPS1 mRNA expression, ammonia elimination and secreted urea, and reflected ammonia detoxification in a dose-dependent manner. Surprisingly, high-level CPS1 reporter clones also reserved many other critical hepatocellular functions, for example albumin secretion and cytochrome 450 metabolic functions. Sodium phenylbutyrate and resveratrol were identified to enhance metabolism-related gene expression and liver-enriched transcription factors C/EBPα, HNF4α. In conclusion, the CPS1-reporter system provides an economic and effective platform for assessment of cellular metabolic function and high-throughput identification of chemical compounds that improve detoxification activities in hepatic lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering LabBeijing Institute of Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Le Chang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering LabBeijing Institute of Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jiahui Zhai
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering LabBeijing Institute of Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Qiao Wu
- Capital Medical University Youan hospitalBeijingChina
| | - Donggen Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering LabBeijing Institute of Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering LabBeijing Institute of Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
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60
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The pharmacogenomics of valproic acid. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:1009-1014. [PMID: 28878340 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid is an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. Adverse effects of valproic acid are rare, but hepatotoxicity is severe in particular in those younger than 2 years old and polytherapy. During valproic acid treatment, it is difficult for prescribers to predict its individual response. Recent advances in the field of pharmacogenomics have indicated variants of candidate genes that affect valproic acid efficacy and safety. In this review, a large number of candidate genes that influence valproic acid pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are discussed, including metabolic enzymes, drug transporters, neurotransmitters and drug targets. Furthermore, pharmacogenomics is an important tool not only in further understanding of interindividual variability but also to assess the therapeutic potential of such variability in drug individualization and therapeutic optimization.
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Çeliktas M, Tanaka I, Tripathi SC, Fahrmann JF, Aguilar-Bonavides C, Villalobos P, Delgado O, Dhillon D, Dennison JB, Ostrin EJ, Wang H, Behrens C, Do KA, Gazdar AF, Hanash SM, Taguchi A. Role of CPS1 in Cell Growth, Metabolism and Prognosis in LKB1-Inactivated Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:1-9. [PMID: 28376202 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver kinase B1 ( LKB1 ) is a tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). We investigated the proteomic profiles of 45 LADC cell lines with and without LKB1 inactivation. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1), the first rate-limiting mitochondrial enzyme in the urea cycle, was distinctively overexpressed in LKB1-inactivated LADC cell lines. We therefore assessed the role of CPS1 and its clinical relevance in LKB1-inactivated LADC. Methods Mass spectrometric profiling of proteome and metabolome and function of CPS1 were analyzed in LADC cell lines. CPS1 and LKB1 expression in tumors from 305 LADC and 160 lung squamous cell carcinoma patients was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were applied to assess the association between overall survival and CPS1 and LKB1 expression. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results CPS1 knockdown reduced cell growth, decreased metabolite levels associated with nucleic acid biosynthesis pathway, and contributed an additive effect when combined with gemcitabine, pemetrexed, or CHK1 inhibitor AZD7762. Tissue microarray analysis revealed that CPS1 was expressed in 65.7% of LKB1-negative LADC, and only 5.0% of LKB1-positive LADC. CPS1 expression showed statistically significant association with poor overall survival in LADC (hazard ratio = 3.03, 95% confidence interval = 1.74 to 5.25, P < .001). Conclusions Our findings suggest functional relevance of CPS1 in LKB1-inactivated LADC and association with worse outcome of LADC. CPS1 is a promising therapeutic target in combination with other chemotherapy agents, as well as a prognostic biomarker, enabling a personalized approach to treatment of LADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Çeliktas
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ichidai Tanaka
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Satyendra Chandra Tripathi
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Johannes F Fahrmann
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Pamela Villalobos
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oliver Delgado
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dilsher Dhillon
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer B Dennison
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edwin J Ostrin
- Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kim-Anh Do
- Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adi F Gazdar
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samir M Hanash
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ayumu Taguchi
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Ally A, Balasundaram M, Carlsen R, Chuah E, Clarke A, Dhalla N, Holt RA, Jones SJ, Lee D, Ma Y, Marra MA, Mayo M, Moore RA, Mungall AJ, Schein JE, Sipahimalani P, Tam A, Thiessen N, Cheung D, Wong T, Brooks D, Robertson AG, Bowlby R, Mungall K, Sadeghi S, Xi L, Covington K, Shinbrot E, Wheeler DA, Gibbs RA, Donehower LA, Wang L, Bowen J, Gastier-Foster JM, Gerken M, Helsel C, Leraas KM, Lichtenberg TM, Ramirez NC, Wise L, Zmuda E, Gabriel SB, Meyerson M, Cibulskis C, Murray BA, Shih J, Beroukhim R, Cherniack AD, Schumacher SE, Saksena G, Pedamallu CS, Chin L, Getz G, Noble M, Zhang H, Heiman D, Cho J, Gehlenborg N, Saksena G, Voet D, Lin P, Frazer S, Defreitas T, Meier S, Lawrence M, Kim J, Creighton CJ, Muzny D, Doddapaneni H, Hu J, Wang M, Morton D, Korchina V, Han Y, Dinh H, Lewis L, Bellair M, Liu X, Santibanez J, Glenn R, Lee S, Hale W, Parker JS, Wilkerson MD, Hayes DN, Reynolds SM, Shmulevich I, Zhang W, Liu Y, Iype L, Makhlouf H, Torbenson MS, Kakar S, Yeh MM, Jain D, Kleiner DE, Jain D, Dhanasekaran R, El-Serag HB, Yim SY, Weinstein JN, Mishra L, Zhang J, Akbani R, Ling S, Ju Z, Su X, Hegde AM, Mills GB, Lu Y, Chen J, Lee JS, Sohn BH, Shim JJ, Tong P, Aburatani H, Yamamoto S, Tatsuno K, Li W, Xia Z, Stransky N, Seiser E, Innocenti F, Gao J, Kundra R, Zhang H, Heins Z, Ochoa A, Sander C, Ladanyi M, Shen R, Arora A, Sanchez-Vega F, Schultz N, Kasaian K, Radenbaugh A, Bissig KD, Moore DD, Totoki Y, Nakamura H, Shibata T, Yau C, Graim K, Stuart J, Haussler D, Slagle BL, Ojesina AI, Katsonis P, Koire A, Lichtarge O, Hsu TK, Ferguson ML, Demchok JA, Felau I, Sheth M, Tarnuzzer R, Wang Z, Yang L, Zenklusen JC, Zhang J, Hutter CM, Sofia HJ, Verhaak RG, Zheng S, Lang F, Chudamani S, Liu J, Lolla L, Wu Y, Naresh R, Pihl T, Sun C, Wan Y, Benz C, Perou AH, Thorne LB, Boice L, Huang M, Rathmell WK, Noushmehr H, Saggioro FP, Tirapelli DPDC, Junior CGC, Mente ED, Silva ODC, Trevisan FA, Kang KJ, Ahn KS, Giama NH, Moser CD, Giordano TJ, Vinco M, Welling TH, Crain D, Curley E, Gardner J, Mallery D, Morris S, Paulauskis J, Penny R, Shelton C, Shelton T, Kelley R, Park JW, Chandan VS, Roberts LR, Bathe OF, Hagedorn CH, Auman JT, O'Brien DR, Kocher JPA, Jones CD, Mieczkowski PA, Perou CM, Skelly T, Tan D, Veluvolu U, Balu S, Bodenheimer T, Hoyle AP, Jefferys SR, Meng S, Mose LE, Shi Y, Simons JV, Soloway MG, Roach J, Hoadley KA, Baylin SB, Shen H, Hinoue T, Bootwalla MS, Van Den Berg DJ, Weisenberger DJ, Lai PH, Holbrook A, Berrios M, Laird PW. Comprehensive and Integrative Genomic Characterization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell 2017; 169:1327-1341.e23. [PMID: 28622513 PMCID: PMC5680778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1666] [Impact Index Per Article: 238.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer has the second highest worldwide cancer mortality rate and has limited therapeutic options. We analyzed 363 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases by whole-exome sequencing and DNA copy number analyses, and we analyzed 196 HCC cases by DNA methylation, RNA, miRNA, and proteomic expression also. DNA sequencing and mutation analysis identified significantly mutated genes, including LZTR1, EEF1A1, SF3B1, and SMARCA4. Significant alterations by mutation or downregulation by hypermethylation in genes likely to result in HCC metabolic reprogramming (ALB, APOB, and CPS1) were observed. Integrative molecular HCC subtyping incorporating unsupervised clustering of five data platforms identified three subtypes, one of which was associated with poorer prognosis in three HCC cohorts. Integrated analyses enabled development of a p53 target gene expression signature correlating with poor survival. Potential therapeutic targets for which inhibitors exist include WNT signaling, MDM4, MET, VEGFA, MCL1, IDH1, TERT, and immune checkpoint proteins CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1.
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63
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Thongkum A, Wu C, Li YY, Wangpaichitr M, Navasumrit P, Parnlob V, Sricharunrat T, Bhudhisawasdi V, Ruchirawat M, Savaraj N. The Combination of Arginine Deprivation and 5-Fluorouracil Improves Therapeutic Efficacy in Argininosuccinate Synthetase Negative Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061175. [PMID: 28587170 PMCID: PMC5485998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), a key enzyme to synthesize arginine is down regulated in many tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Similar to previous reports, we have found the decrease in ASS expression in poorly differentiated HCC. These ASS(-) tumors are auxotrophic for arginine. Pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20), which degrades arginine, has shown activity in these tumors, but the antitumor effect is not robust and hence combination treatment is needed. Herein, we have elucidated the effectiveness of ADI-PEG20 combined with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in ASS(-)HCC by targeting urea cycle and pyrimidine metabolism using four HCC cell lines as model. SNU398 and SNU387 express very low levels of ASS or ASS(-) while Huh-1, and HepG2 express high ASS similar to normal cells. Our results showed that the augmented cytotoxic effect of combination treatment only occurs in SNU398 and SNU387, and not in HepG2 and Huh-1 (ASS(+)) cells, and is partly due to reduced anti-apoptotic proteins X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein (Mcl-1) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). Importantly, lack of ASS also influences essential enzymes in pyrimidine synthesis (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase2, aspartate transcarbamylase and dihydrooratase (CAD) and thymidylate synthase (TS)) and malate dehydrogenase-1 (MDH-1) in TCA cycle. ADI-PEG20 treatment decreased these enzymes and made them more vulnerable to 5-FU. Transfection of ASS restored these enzymes and abolished the sensitivity to ADI-PEG20 and combination treatment. Overall, our data suggest that ASS influences multiple enzymes involved in 5-FU sensitivity. Combining ADI-PEG20 and 5-FU may be effective to treat ASS(-)hepatoma and warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angkana Thongkum
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Chunjing Wu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA.
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Medhi Wangpaichitr
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33125, USA.
| | - Panida Navasumrit
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health, Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.
| | - Varabhorn Parnlob
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Thaniya Sricharunrat
- Laboratory Unit of Pathology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Vajarabhongsa Bhudhisawasdi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khonkaen University, Khonkaen 40000, Thailand.
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health, Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.
| | - Niramol Savaraj
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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64
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Kim J, Hu Z, Cai L, Li K, Choi E, Faubert B, Bezwada D, Rodriguez-Canales J, Villalobos P, Lin YF, Ni M, Huffman KE, Girard L, Byers LA, Unsal-Kacmaz K, Peña CG, Heymach JV, Wauters E, Vansteenkiste J, Castrillon DH, Chen BPC, Wistuba I, Lambrechts D, Xu J, Minna JD, DeBerardinis RJ. CPS1 maintains pyrimidine pools and DNA synthesis in KRAS/LKB1-mutant lung cancer cells. Nature 2017; 546:168-172. [PMID: 28538732 PMCID: PMC5472349 DOI: 10.1038/nature22359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming by oncogenic signals promotes cancer initiation and progression. The oncogene KRAS and tumour suppressor STK11, which encodes the kinase LKB1, regulate metabolism and are frequently mutated in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Concurrent occurrence of oncogenic KRAS and loss of LKB1 (KL) in cells specifies aggressive oncological behaviour. Here we show that human KL cells and tumours share metabolomic signatures of perturbed nitrogen handling. KL cells express the urea cycle enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-1 (CPS1), which produces carbamoyl phosphate in the mitochondria from ammonia and bicarbonate, initiating nitrogen disposal. Transcription of CPS1 is suppressed by LKB1 through AMPK, and CPS1 expression correlates inversely with LKB1 in human NSCLC. Silencing CPS1 in KL cells induces cell death and reduces tumour growth. Notably, cell death results from pyrimidine depletion rather than ammonia toxicity, as CPS1 enables an unconventional pathway of nitrogen flow from ammonia into pyrimidines. CPS1 loss reduces the pyrimidine to purine ratio, compromises S-phase progression and induces DNA-polymerase stalling and DNA damage. Exogenous pyrimidines reverse DNA damage and rescue growth. The data indicate that the KL oncological genotype imposes a metabolic vulnerability related to a dependence on a cross-compartmental pathway of pyrimidine metabolism in an aggressive subset of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Kim
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Zeping Hu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ling Cai
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Kailong Li
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Eunhee Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Brandon Faubert
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Divya Bezwada
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Pamela Villalobos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yu-Fen Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Min Ni
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Kenneth E Huffman
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Luc Girard
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Keziban Unsal-Kacmaz
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, USA
| | - Christopher G Peña
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Els Wauters
- Respiratory Division, University of Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Vansteenkiste
- Respiratory Division, University of Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diego H Castrillon
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Benjamin P C Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, O&N 4 Herestraat 49 - box 912, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, O&N 4 Herestraat 49 - box 912, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jian Xu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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65
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Wahid B, Ali A, Rafique S, Idrees M. New Insights into the Epigenetics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1609575. [PMID: 28401148 PMCID: PMC5376429 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1609575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most predominant malignancies with high fatality rate. This deadly cancer is rising at an alarming rate because it is quite resistant to radio- and chemotherapy. Different epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and expression of noncoding RNAs drive the cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, initiation, progression, and development of HCC. These epigenetic alterations because of potential reversibility open way towards the development of biomarkers and therapeutics. The contribution of these epigenetic changes to HCC development has not been thoroughly explored yet. Further research on HCC epigenetics is necessary to better understand novel molecular-targeted HCC treatment and prevention. This review highlights latest research progress and current updates regarding epigenetics of HCC, biomarker discovery, and future preventive and therapeutic strategies to combat the increasing risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braira Wahid
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Rafique
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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66
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Chen Z, Tang N, Wang X, Chen Y. The activity of the carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 promoter in human liver-derived cells is dependent on hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-beta. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2036-2045. [PMID: 28272778 PMCID: PMC5571533 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in the first step of the urea cycle and an indispensable enzyme in the metabolism of human liver. However, CPS1 epigenetic regulation involves promoter analysis and the role of liver‐enriched transcription factors (LETFs), which is not fully elucidated. In this work, the promoter region of hCPS1 gene was cloned, and its activity was investigated. An LETF, hepatocyte nuclear factor 3‐beta (HNF3β), was found to promote the transcriptional expression of CPS1 in liver‐derived cell lines. In addition, dual‐luciferase reporter assay shows that the essential binding sites of the HNF3β may exist in the oligonucleotide −70 nt to +73 nt. Two putative binding sites are available for HNF3β. Mutation analysis results show that the binding site 2 of HNF3β was effective, and the transcriptional activity of CPS1 promoter significantly decreased after mutation. Electrophoretic mobile shift assay (EMSA) and ChIP assay confirmed that HNF3β can interact with the binding site in the CPS1 promoter region of −70 nt to +73 nt promoter region in vivo and in vitro to regulate the transcription of CPS1. Moreover, HNF3β overexpression enhanced the transcription of CPS1 and consequently improved the mRNA and protein levels of CPS1, whereas the knockdown of HNF3β showed the opposite effects. Finally, urea production in cells was measured, and ammonia detoxification improved significantly in cells after transfection with HNF3β. HNF3β plays a vital role in regulation of CPS1 gene and could promote the metabolism of ammonia by regulating CPS1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfei Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nanhong Tang
- Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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67
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Gade TPF, Tucker E, Nakazawa MS, Hunt SJ, Wong W, Krock B, Weber CN, Nadolski GJ, Clark TWI, Soulen MC, Furth EE, Winkler JD, Amaravadi RK, Simon MC. Ischemia Induces Quiescence and Autophagy Dependence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Radiology 2017; 283:702-710. [PMID: 28253108 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017160728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To characterize hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells surviving ischemia with respect to cell cycle kinetics, chemosensitivity, and molecular dependencies that may be exploited to potentiate treatment with transarterial embolization (TAE). Materials and Methods Animal studies were performed according to institutionally approved protocols. The growth kinetics of HCC cells were studied in standard and ischemic conditions. Viability and cell cycle kinetics were measured by using flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity profiling was performed by using a colorimetric cell proliferation assay. Analyses of the Cancer Genome Atlas HCC RNA-sequencing data were performed by using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. Activation of molecular mediators of autophagy was measured with Western blot analysis and fluorescence microscopy. In vivo TAE was performed in a rat model of HCC with (n = 5) and without (n = 5) the autophagy inhibitor Lys05. Statistical analyses were performed by using GraphPad software. Results HCC cells survived ischemia with an up to 43% increase in the fraction of quiescent cells as compared with cells grown in standard conditions (P < .004). Neither doxorubicin nor mitomycin C potentiated the cytotoxic effects of ischemia. Gene-set analysis revealed an increase in mRNA expression of the mediators of autophagy (eg, CDKN2A, PPP2R2C, and TRAF2) in HCC as compared with normal liver. Cells surviving ischemia were autophagy dependent. Combination therapy coupling autophagy inhibition and TAE in a rat model of HCC resulted in a 21% increase in tumor necrosis compared with TAE alone (P = .044). Conclusion Ischemia induces quiescence in surviving HCC cells, resulting in a dependence on autophagy, providing a potential therapeutic target for combination therapy with TAE. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence P F Gade
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N.), Department of Radiology (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N., T.W.I.C., M.C. Soulen), and Department of Pathology (E.E.F.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 456 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (E.T., M.S.N., W.W., B.K., M.C. Simon); Abramson Family Cancer Center (B.K., R.K.A.) and Department of Chemistry (J.D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Elizabeth Tucker
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N.), Department of Radiology (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N., T.W.I.C., M.C. Soulen), and Department of Pathology (E.E.F.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 456 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (E.T., M.S.N., W.W., B.K., M.C. Simon); Abramson Family Cancer Center (B.K., R.K.A.) and Department of Chemistry (J.D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Michael S Nakazawa
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N.), Department of Radiology (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N., T.W.I.C., M.C. Soulen), and Department of Pathology (E.E.F.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 456 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (E.T., M.S.N., W.W., B.K., M.C. Simon); Abramson Family Cancer Center (B.K., R.K.A.) and Department of Chemistry (J.D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Stephen J Hunt
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N.), Department of Radiology (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N., T.W.I.C., M.C. Soulen), and Department of Pathology (E.E.F.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 456 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (E.T., M.S.N., W.W., B.K., M.C. Simon); Abramson Family Cancer Center (B.K., R.K.A.) and Department of Chemistry (J.D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Waihay Wong
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N.), Department of Radiology (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N., T.W.I.C., M.C. Soulen), and Department of Pathology (E.E.F.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 456 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (E.T., M.S.N., W.W., B.K., M.C. Simon); Abramson Family Cancer Center (B.K., R.K.A.) and Department of Chemistry (J.D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Bryan Krock
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N.), Department of Radiology (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N., T.W.I.C., M.C. Soulen), and Department of Pathology (E.E.F.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 456 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (E.T., M.S.N., W.W., B.K., M.C. Simon); Abramson Family Cancer Center (B.K., R.K.A.) and Department of Chemistry (J.D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Charles N Weber
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N.), Department of Radiology (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N., T.W.I.C., M.C. Soulen), and Department of Pathology (E.E.F.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 456 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (E.T., M.S.N., W.W., B.K., M.C. Simon); Abramson Family Cancer Center (B.K., R.K.A.) and Department of Chemistry (J.D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Gregory J Nadolski
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N.), Department of Radiology (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N., T.W.I.C., M.C. Soulen), and Department of Pathology (E.E.F.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 456 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (E.T., M.S.N., W.W., B.K., M.C. Simon); Abramson Family Cancer Center (B.K., R.K.A.) and Department of Chemistry (J.D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Timothy W I Clark
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N.), Department of Radiology (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N., T.W.I.C., M.C. Soulen), and Department of Pathology (E.E.F.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 456 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (E.T., M.S.N., W.W., B.K., M.C. Simon); Abramson Family Cancer Center (B.K., R.K.A.) and Department of Chemistry (J.D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Michael C Soulen
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N.), Department of Radiology (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N., T.W.I.C., M.C. Soulen), and Department of Pathology (E.E.F.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 456 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (E.T., M.S.N., W.W., B.K., M.C. Simon); Abramson Family Cancer Center (B.K., R.K.A.) and Department of Chemistry (J.D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Emma E Furth
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N.), Department of Radiology (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N., T.W.I.C., M.C. Soulen), and Department of Pathology (E.E.F.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 456 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (E.T., M.S.N., W.W., B.K., M.C. Simon); Abramson Family Cancer Center (B.K., R.K.A.) and Department of Chemistry (J.D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jeffrey D Winkler
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N.), Department of Radiology (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N., T.W.I.C., M.C. Soulen), and Department of Pathology (E.E.F.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 456 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (E.T., M.S.N., W.W., B.K., M.C. Simon); Abramson Family Cancer Center (B.K., R.K.A.) and Department of Chemistry (J.D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N.), Department of Radiology (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N., T.W.I.C., M.C. Soulen), and Department of Pathology (E.E.F.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 456 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (E.T., M.S.N., W.W., B.K., M.C. Simon); Abramson Family Cancer Center (B.K., R.K.A.) and Department of Chemistry (J.D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - M Celeste Simon
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N.), Department of Radiology (T.P.F.G., S.J.H., C.N.W., G.J.N., T.W.I.C., M.C. Soulen), and Department of Pathology (E.E.F.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 456 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (E.T., M.S.N., W.W., B.K., M.C. Simon); Abramson Family Cancer Center (B.K., R.K.A.) and Department of Chemistry (J.D.W.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
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Yang C, Fu R, Zhuang Z, Wang S. Studies on the biological functions of CPS1 in AFB1 induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Gene 2016; 591:255-261. [PMID: 27425868 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbamyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) was down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as treated by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent hepatocarcinogenesis mycotoxin. In this study, we firstly confirmed that AFB1 down-regulated the expression of CPS1 in a dose-dependent manner. At the meantime, both siRNA knock down of CPS1 and AFB1 treatment inhibited cell proliferation, and induced cell apoptosis. To further analysis the function of CPS1, the interacting proteins of CPS1 were searched by Co-IP, and three interacting proteins including type II cytoskeletal 1 (KRT1), albumin (ALB), and ubiquitin C (UBC) were found. Both KRT1 and ALB were new interacting proteins for CPS1. Our further study showed that CPS1 was regulating interacted and colocalized with KRT1 and ALB, and the intensity correlation was changed by AFB1. KRT1, ALB and CPS1 were all reported to play an important role in differentiation and tissue specialization. These results may offer an increasing understand that CPS1 might have a function in differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of the Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Edible Fungi, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding & Cultivation of Featured Edible Fungi, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of the Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhenhong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of the Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of the Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Palaniappan A, Ramar K, Ramalingam S. Computational Identification of Novel Stage-Specific Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Progression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156665. [PMID: 27243824 PMCID: PMC4887059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that the conversion of normal colon epithelium to adenoma and then to carcinoma stems from acquired molecular changes in the genome. The genetic basis of colorectal cancer has been elucidated to a certain extent, and much remains to be known about the identity of specific cancer genes that are associated with the advancement of colorectal cancer from one stage to the next. Here in this study we attempted to identify novel cancer genes that could underlie the stage-specific progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer. We conducted a stage-based meta-analysis of the voluminous tumor genome-sequencing data and mined using multiple approaches for novel genes driving the progression to stage-II, stage-III and stage-IV colorectal cancer. The consensus of these driver genes seeded the construction of stage-specific networks, which were then analyzed for the centrality of genes, clustering of subnetworks, and enrichment of gene-ontology processes. Our study identified three novel driver genes as hubs for stage-II progression: DYNC1H1, GRIN2A, GRM1. Four novel driver genes were identified as hubs for stage-III progression: IGF1R, CPS1, SPTA1, DSP. Three novel driver genes were identified as hubs for stage-IV progression: GSK3B, GGT1, EIF2B5. We also identified several non-driver genes that appeared to underscore the progression of colorectal cancer. Our study yielded potential diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer as well as novel stage-specific drug targets for rational intervention. Our methodology is extendable to the analysis of other types of cancer to fill the gaps in our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Palaniappan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Karthick Ramar
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
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Gleich A, Kaiser B, Schumann J, Fuhrmann H. Establishment and characterisation of a novel bovine SV40 large T-antigen-transduced foetal hepatocyte-derived cell line. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 52:662-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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71
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Darcy DG, Chiaroni-Clarke R, Murphy JM, Honeyman JN, Bhanot U, LaQuaglia MP, Simon SM. The genomic landscape of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: whole genome sequencing of ten patients. Oncotarget 2015; 6:755-70. [PMID: 25605237 PMCID: PMC4359253 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma is a rare, malignant liver tumor that often arises in the otherwise normal liver of adolescents and young adults. Previous studies have focused on biomarkers and comparisons to traditional hepatocellular carcinoma, and have yielded little data on the underlying pathophysiology. We performed whole genome sequencing on paired tumor and normal samples from 10 patients to identify recurrent mutations and structural variations that could predispose to oncogenesis. There are relatively few coding, somatic mutations in this cancer, putting it on the low end of the mutational spectrum. Aside from a previously described heterozygous deletion on chromosome 19 that encodes for a functional, chimeric protein, there were no other recurrent structural variations that contribute to the tumor genotype. The lack of a second-hit mutation in the genomic landscape of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma makes the DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion protein the best target for diagnostic and therapeutic advancements. The mutations, altered pathways and structural variants that characterized fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma were distinct from those in hepatocellular carcinoma, further defining it as a distinct carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Darcy
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Jennifer M Murphy
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joshua N Honeyman
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Umesh Bhanot
- Pathology Core, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael P LaQuaglia
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sanford M Simon
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Ma SL, Li AJ, Hu ZY, Shang FS, Wu MC. Co‑expression of the carbamoyl‑phosphate synthase 1 gene and its long non‑coding RNA correlates with poor prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7915-26. [PMID: 26499888 PMCID: PMC4758274 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms leading to high rates of malignancy and recurrence of human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remain unclear. It is difficult to diagnose and assess the prognosis of patients with ICC in the clinic due to the lack of specific biomarkers. In addition, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to serve important roles in certain types of tumorigenesis however a role in ICC remains to be reported. The aim of the current study was to screen for genes and lncRNAs that are abnormally expressed in ICC and to investigate their biological and clinicopathological significance in ICC. The global gene and lncRNA expression profiles in ICC were measured using bioinformatics analysis. Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1) and its lncRNA CPS1 intronic transcript 1 (CPS1-IT1) were observed to be upregulated in ICC. The expression of CPS1 and CPS1-IT1 was measured in 31 tissue samples from patients with ICC and a number of cell lines. The effects of CPS1 and CPS1-IT1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of the ICC-9810 cell line were measured. In addition, the clinicopathological features and survival rates of patients with ICC with respect to the gene and lncRNA expression status were analyzed. CPS1 and CPS1-IT1 were co-upregulated in ICC tissues compared with non-cancerous tissues. Knockdown of CPS1 andor CPS1-IT1 reduced the proliferation and increased the apoptosis of ICC-9810 cells. Additionally, clinical analysis indicated that CPS1 and CPS1-IT1 were associated with poor liver function and reduced survival rates when the relative expression values were greater than 4 in cancer tissues. The comparisons between the high CPS1 expression group and the low expression group indicated significant differences in international normalized ratio (P=0.048), total protein (P=0.049), indirect bilirubin (P=0.025), alkaline phosphatase (P=0.003) and disease-free survival (P=0.034). In addition, there were differential trends in CA19-9 (P=0.068), globulin (P=0.052) and total bilirubin (P=0.066). The comparisons between the high CPS1-IT1 expression group and the low expression group indicated significant differences in lymphatic invasion (P=0.045), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (P=0.044), disease-free survival (P=0.026), and non-significant differential trends in alkaline phosphatase were observed (P=0.085). In conclusion, CPS1 and CPS1-IT1 may serve an important role in ICC development by promoting the proliferation of ICC cells. Furthermore, CPS1 and CPS1-IT1 were associated with poor liver function and reduced survival rates. Thus, CPS1 and CPS1-IT1 may be potential prognostic indicators for patients with ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Lin Ma
- Department of Second Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Jun Li
- Department of Second Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Yang Hu
- Tumor Research Institute, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Sheng Shang
- Department of Experiments, Shanghai Fu Neng Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Chao Wu
- Department of Second Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
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Joshi AD, Mustafa MG, Lichti CF, Elferink CJ. Homocitrullination Is a Novel Histone H1 Epigenetic Mark Dependent on Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Recruitment of Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase 1. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27767-78. [PMID: 26424795 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.678144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a regulator of xenobiotic toxicity, is a member of the eukaryotic Per-Arnt-Sim domain protein family of transcription factors. Recent evidence identified a novel AhR DNA recognition sequence called the nonconsensus xenobiotic response element (NC-XRE). AhR binding to the NC-XRE in response to activation by the canonical ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin resulted in concomitant recruitment of carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1) to the NC-XRE. Studies presented here demonstrate that CPS1 is a bona fide nuclear protein involved in homocitrullination (hcit), including a key lysine residue on histone H1 (H1K34hcit). H1K34hcit represents a hitherto unknown epigenetic mark implicated in enhanced gene expression of the peptidylarginine deiminase 2 gene, itself a chromatin-modifying protein. Collectively, our data suggest that AhR activation promotes CPS1 recruitment to DNA enhancer sites in the genome, resulting in a specific enzyme-independent post-translational modification of the linker histone H1 protein (H1K34hcit), pivotal in altering local chromatin structure and transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya D Joshi
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555 and
| | | | - Cheryl F Lichti
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555 and
| | - Cornelis J Elferink
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555 and
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Liu HY, Qian HH, Zhang XF, Li J, Yang X, Sun B, Ma JY, Chen L, Yin ZF. Improved method increases sensitivity for circulating hepatocellular carcinoma cells. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2918-2925. [PMID: 25780289 PMCID: PMC4356911 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i10.2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To improve an asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)-based enrichment method for detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from healthy subjects, patients with HCC or various other cancers, and patients with hepatic lesions or hepatitis. CTCs were enriched from whole blood by extracting CD45-expressing leukocytes with monoclonal antibody coated-beads following density gradient centrifugation. The remaining cells were cytocentrifuged on polylysine-coated slides. Isolated cells were treated by triple immunofluorescence staining with CD45 antibody and a combination of antibodies against ASGPR and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1), used as liver-specific markers, and costained with DAPI. The cell slide was imaged and stained tumor cells that met preset criteria were counted. Recovery, sensitivity and specificity of the detection methods were determined and compared by spiking experiments with various types of cultured human tumor cell lines. Expression of ASGPR and CPS1 in cultured tumor cells and tumor tissue specimens was analyzed by flow cytometry and triple immunofluorescence staining, respectively.
RESULTS: CD45 depletion of leukocytes resulted in a significantly greater recovery of multiple amounts of spiked HCC cells than the ASGPR+ selection (Ps < 0.05). The expression rates of either ASGPR or CPS1 were different in various liver cancer cell lines, ranging between 18% and 99% for ASGPR and between 9% and 98% for CPS1. In both human HCC tissues and liver cancer cell lines, there were a few HCC cells that did not stain positive for ASGPR or CPS1. The mixture of monoclonal antibodies against ASGPR and CPS1 identified more HCC cells than either antibody alone. However, these antibodies did not detect any tumor cells in blood samples spiked with the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and the human renal cancer cell line A498. ASGPR+ or/and CPS1+ CTCs were detected in 29/32 (91%) patients with HCC, but not in patients with any other kind of cancer or any of the other test subjects. Furthermore, the improved method detected a higher CTC count in all patients examined than did the previous method (P = 0.001), and consistently achieved 12%-21% higher sensitivity of CTC detection in all seven HCC patients with more than 40 CTCs.
CONCLUSION: Negative depletion enrichment combined with identification using a mixture of antibodies against ASGPR and CPS1 improves sensitivity and specificity for detecting circulating HCC cells.
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Borlak J, Singh P, Gazzana G. Proteome mapping of epidermal growth factor induced hepatocellular carcinomas identifies novel cell metabolism targets and mitogen activated protein kinase signalling events. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:124. [PMID: 25872475 PMCID: PMC4357185 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on the rise and the sixth most common cancer worldwide. To combat HCC effectively research is directed towards its early detection and the development of targeted therapies. Given the fact that epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an important mitogen for hepatocytes we searched for disease regulated proteins to improve an understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of EGF induced HCC. Disease regulated proteins were studied by 2DE MALDI-TOF/TOF and a transcriptomic approach, by immunohistochemistry and advanced bioinformatics. Results Mapping of EGF induced liver cancer in a transgenic mouse model identified n = 96 (p < 0.05) significantly regulated proteins of which n = 54 were tumour-specific. To unravel molecular circuits linked to aberrant EGFR signalling diverse computational approaches were employed and this defined n = 7 key nodes using n = 82 disease regulated proteins for network construction. STRING analysis revealed protein-protein interactions of > 70% disease regulated proteins with individual proteins being validated by immunohistochemistry. The disease regulated network proteins were mapped to distinct pathways and bioinformatics provided novel insight into molecular circuits associated with significant changes in either glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, argine and proline metabolism, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, Hif- and MAPK signalling, lipoprotein metabolism, platelet activation and hemostatic control as a result of aberrant EGF signalling. The biological significance of the findings was corroborated with gene expression data derived from tumour tissues to evntually define a rationale by which tumours embark on intriguing changes in metabolism that is of utility for an understanding of tumour growth. Moreover, among the EGF tumour specific proteins n = 11 were likewise uniquely expressed in human HCC and for n = 49 proteins regulation in human HCC was confirmed using the publically available Human Protein Atlas depository, therefore demonstrating clinical significance. Conclusion Novel insight into the molecular pathogenesis of EGF induced liver cancer was obtained and among the 37 newly identified proteins several are likely candidates for the development of molecularly targeted therapies and include the nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, bifunctional ATP-dependent dihydroyacetone kinase and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein1, the latter being an inhibitor of the Raf-1 kinase. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1312-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Integrated analysis of whole genome and transcriptome sequencing reveals diverse transcriptomic aberrations driven by somatic genomic changes in liver cancers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114263. [PMID: 25526364 PMCID: PMC4272259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies applying high-throughput sequencing technologies have identified several recurrently mutated genes and pathways in multiple cancer genomes. However, transcriptional consequences from these genomic alterations in cancer genome remain unclear. In this study, we performed integrated and comparative analyses of whole genomes and transcriptomes of 22 hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and their matched controls. Comparison of whole genome sequence (WGS) and RNA-Seq revealed much evidence that various types of genomic mutations triggered diverse transcriptional changes. Not only splice-site mutations, but also silent mutations in coding regions, deep intronic mutations and structural changes caused splicing aberrations. HBV integrations generated diverse patterns of virus-human fusion transcripts depending on affected gene, such as TERT, CDK15, FN1 and MLL4. Structural variations could drive over-expression of genes such as WNT ligands, with/without creating gene fusions. Furthermore, by taking account of genomic mutations causing transcriptional aberrations, we could improve the sensitivity of deleterious mutation detection in known cancer driver genes (TP53, AXIN1, ARID2, RPS6KA3), and identified recurrent disruptions in putative cancer driver genes such as HNF4A, CPS1, TSC1 and THRAP3 in HCCs. These findings indicate genomic alterations in cancer genome have diverse transcriptomic effects, and integrated analysis of WGS and RNA-Seq can facilitate the interpretation of a large number of genomic alterations detected in cancer genome.
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Lee YY, Li CF, Lin CY, Lee SW, Sheu MJ, Lin LC, Chen TJ, Wu TF, Hsing CH. Overexpression of CPS1 is an independent negative prognosticator in rectal cancers receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11097-105. [PMID: 25099619 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced rectal cancers are currently treated with neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) followed by surgery, but stratification of risk and final outcomes remain suboptimal. In view of the fact that glutamine metabolism is usually altered in cancer, we profiled and validated the significance of genes involved in this pathway in rectal cancers treated with CCRT. From a published transcriptome of rectal cancers (GSE35452), we focused on glutamine metabolic process-related genes (GO:0006541) and found upregulation of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) gene most significantly predicted poor response to CCRT. We evaluated the expression levels of CPS1 using immunohistochemistry to analyze tumor specimens obtained during colonoscopy from 172 rectal cancer patients. Expression levels of CPS1 were further correlated with major clinicopathological features and survivals in this validation cohort. To further confirm CPS1 expression levels, Western blotting was performed for human colon epithelial primary cell (HCoEpiC) and four human colon cancer cells, including HT29, SW480, LoVo, and SW620. CPS1 overexpression was significantly related to advanced posttreatment tumor (T3, T4; P = 0.006) and nodal status (N1, N2; P < 0.001), and inferior tumor regression grade (P = 0.004). In survival analyses, CPS1 overexpression was significantly associated with shorter disease-specific survival (DSS) and metastasis-free survival (MeFS). Furthermore, using multivariate analysis, it was also independently predictive of worse DSS (P = 0.021, hazard ratio = 2.762) and MeFS (P = 0.004, hazard ratio = 3.897). CPS1 protein expression, as detected by Western blotting, is more abundant in colon cancer cells than nonneoplastic HCoEpiC. Overexpression of CPS1 is associated with poor therapeutic response and adverse outcomes among rectal cancer patients receiving CCRT, justifying the potential theranostic value of CPS1 for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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Taoka M, Morofuji N, Yamauchi Y, Ojima H, Kubota D, Terukina G, Nobe Y, Nakayama H, Takahashi N, Kosuge T, Isobe T, Kondo T. Global PROTOMAP profiling to search for biomarkers of early-recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:4847-58. [PMID: 24967658 DOI: 10.1021/pr500262p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study used global protein expression profiling to search for biomarkers to predict early recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC tissues surgically resected from patients with or without recurrence within 2 years (early recurrent) after surgery were compared with adjacent nontumor tissue and with normal liver tissue. We used the PROTOMAP strategy for comparative profiling, which integrates denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis migratory rates and high-resolution, semiquantitative mass-spectrometry-based identification of in-gel-digested tryptic peptides. PROTOMAP allows examination of global changes in the size, topography, and abundance of proteins in complex tissue samples. This approach identified 8438 unique proteins from 45 708 nonredundant peptides and generated a proteome-wide map of changes in expression and proteolytic events potentially induced by intrinsic apoptotic/necrotic pathways. In the early recurrent HCC tissue, 87 proteins were differentially expressed (≥20-fold) relative to the other tissues, 46 of which were up-regulated or specifically proteolyzed and 41 of which were down-regulated. This data set consisted of proteins that fell into various functional categories, including signal transduction and cell organization and, notably, the major catalytic pathways responsible for liver function, such as the urea cycle and detoxification metabolism. We found that aberrant proteolysis appeared to occur frequently during recurrence of HCC in several key signal transducers, including STAT1 and δ-catenin. Further investigation of these proteins will facilitate the development of novel clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Taoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Minamiosawa 1-1, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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79
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Tajrishi MM, Shin J, Hetman M, Kumar A. DNA methyltransferase 3a and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling regulate the expression of fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) during denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19985-99. [PMID: 24895120 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.568626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The TWEAK-fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) system is a critical regulator of denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Although the expression of Fn14 is a rate-limiting step in muscle atrophy on denervation, mechanisms regulating gene expression of Fn14 remain unknown. Methylation of CpG sites within promoter region is an important epigenetic mechanism for gene silencing. Our study demonstrates that Fn14 promoter contains a CpG island close to transcription start site. Fn14 promoter also contains multiple consensus DNA sequence for transcription factors activator protein 1 (AP1) and specificity protein 1 (SP1). Denervation diminishes overall genomic DNA methylation and causes hypomethylation at specific CpG sites in Fn14 promoter leading to the increased gene expression of Fn14 in skeletal muscle. Abundance of DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a) and its interaction with Fn14 promoter are repressed in denervated skeletal muscle of mice. Overexpression of Dnmt3a inhibits the gene expression of Fn14 and attenuates skeletal muscle atrophy upon denervation. Denervation also causes the activation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and ERK5 MAPKs and AP1 and SP1, which stimulate the expression of Fn14 in skeletal muscle. Collectively, our study provides novel evidence that Dnmt3a and MAPK signaling regulate the levels of Fn14 in skeletal muscle on denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonghyun Shin
- From the Departments of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology and
| | - Michal Hetman
- Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Ashok Kumar
- From the Departments of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology and
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80
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Li J, Chen L, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Liu H, Sun B, Zhao L, Ge N, Qian H, Yang Y, Wu M, Yin Z. Detection of circulating tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma using antibodies against asialoglycoprotein receptor, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 and pan-cytokeratin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96185. [PMID: 24763545 PMCID: PMC3999270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)-ligand-based separation combined with identification with Hep Par 1 or pan-cytokeratin (P-CK) antibody have been demonstrated to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to develop an improved enrichment and identification system that allows the detection of all types of HCC CTCs. Methods The specificity of the prepared anti-ASGPR monoclonal antibody was characterized. HCC cells were bound by ASGPR antibody and subsequently magnetically isolated by second antibody-coated magnetic beads. Isolated HCC cells were identified by immunofluorescence staining using a combination of anti-P-CK and anti-carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) antibodies. Blood samples spiked with HepG2 cells were used to determine recovery and sensitivity. CTCs were detected in blood samples from HCC patients and other patients. Results ASGPR was exclusively expressed in human hepatoma cell line, normal hepatocytes and HCC cells in tissue specimens detected by the ASGPR antibody staining. More HCC cells could be identified by the antibody cocktail for CPS1 and P-CK compared with a single antibody. The current approach obtained a higher recovery rate of HepG2 cells and more CTC detection from HCC patients than the previous method. Using the current method CTCs were detected in 89% of HCC patients and no CTCs were found in the other test subjects. Conclusions Our anti-ASGPR antibody could be used for specific and efficient HCC CTC enrichment, and anti-P-CK combined with anti-CPS1 antibodies is superior to identification with one antibody alone in the sensitivity for HCC CTC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naijian Ge
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihua Qian
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yefa Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengchao Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengfeng Yin
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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81
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Adalimumab ameliorates abdominal aorta cross clamping which induced liver injury in rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014. [PMID: 24551855 DOI: 10.1155/2014/907915.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of adalimumab (ADA) on cell damage in rat liver tissue during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of infrarenal abdominal aorta. Thirty male Wistar-albino rats were divided into three groups: control, I/R, and I/R+ADA, each group containing 10 animals. Laparotomy without I/R injury was performed in the control group animals. Laparotomy in the I/R group was followed by two hours of infrarenal abdominal aortic cross ligation and then two hours of reperfusion. ADA (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally as a single dose, to the I/R+ADA group, five days before I/R. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (pg/mg protein) and nitric oxide (NO) (µmol/g protein) levels in the I/R group (430.8 ± 70.1, 8.0 ± 1.1, resp.) were significantly higher than those in the I/R+ADA group (338.0 ± 71.6, P = 0.006; 6.3 ± 1.2, P = 0.008) and the control group (345.5 ± 53.3, P = 0.008; 6.5 ± 1.5, P = 0.010, resp.). I/R causes severe histopathological injury to the liver tissue, but ADA leads to much less histopathological changes. ADA treatment significantly decreased the severity of liver I/R injury. ADA pretreatment may have protective effects on experimental liver injury.
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82
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Cure E, Cumhur Cure M, Tumkaya L, Kalkan Y, Aydin I, Kirbas A, Yilmaz A, Yuce S, Yücel AF. Adalimumab ameliorates abdominal aorta cross clamping which induced liver injury in rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:907915. [PMID: 24551855 PMCID: PMC3914326 DOI: 10.1155/2014/907915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of adalimumab (ADA) on cell damage in rat liver tissue during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of infrarenal abdominal aorta. Thirty male Wistar-albino rats were divided into three groups: control, I/R, and I/R+ADA, each group containing 10 animals. Laparotomy without I/R injury was performed in the control group animals. Laparotomy in the I/R group was followed by two hours of infrarenal abdominal aortic cross ligation and then two hours of reperfusion. ADA (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally as a single dose, to the I/R+ADA group, five days before I/R. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (pg/mg protein) and nitric oxide (NO) (µmol/g protein) levels in the I/R group (430.8 ± 70.1, 8.0 ± 1.1, resp.) were significantly higher than those in the I/R+ADA group (338.0 ± 71.6, P = 0.006; 6.3 ± 1.2, P = 0.008) and the control group (345.5 ± 53.3, P = 0.008; 6.5 ± 1.5, P = 0.010, resp.). I/R causes severe histopathological injury to the liver tissue, but ADA leads to much less histopathological changes. ADA treatment significantly decreased the severity of liver I/R injury. ADA pretreatment may have protective effects on experimental liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Cure
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
- *Erkan Cure:
| | - Medine Cumhur Cure
- 2Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- 3Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Yildiray Kalkan
- 3Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Aydin
- 4Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Aynur Kirbas
- 2Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Arif Yilmaz
- 5Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Yuce
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Fikret Yücel
- 4Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
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83
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Milinkovic V, Bankovic J, Rakic M, Stankovic T, Skender-Gazibara M, Ruzdijic S, Tanic N. Identification of novel genetic alterations in samples of malignant glioma patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82108. [PMID: 24358143 PMCID: PMC3864906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and malignant human brain tumor. High level of genomic instability detected in glioma cells implies that numerous genetic alterations accumulate during glioma pathogenesis. We investigated alterations in AP-PCR DNA profiles of 30 glioma patients, and detected specific changes in 11 genes not previously associated with this disease: LHFPL3, SGCG, HTR4, ITGB1, CPS1, PROS1, GP2, KCNG2, PDE4D, KIR3DL3, and INPP5A. Further correlations revealed that 8 genes might play important role in pathogenesis of glial tumors, while changes in GP2, KCNG2 and KIR3DL3 should be considered as passenger mutations, consequence of high level of genomic instability. Identified genes have a significant role in signal transduction or cell adhesion, which are important processes for cancer development and progression. According to our results, LHFPL3 might be characteristic of primary glioblastoma, SGCG, HTR4, ITGB1, CPS1, PROS1 and INPP5A were detected predominantly in anaplastic astrocytoma, suggesting their role in progression of secondary glioblastoma, while alterations of PDE4D seem to have important role in development of both glioblastoma subtypes. Some of the identified genes showed significant association with p53, p16, and EGFR, but there was no significant correlation between loss of PTEN and any of identified genes. In conclusion our study revealed genetic alterations that were not previously associated with glioma pathogenesis and could be potentially used as molecular markers of different glioblastoma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Milinkovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, Department of Neurobiology, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Jasna Bankovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, Department of Neurobiology, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Miodrag Rakic
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Neurosurgery, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Tijana Stankovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, Department of Neurobiology, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Milica Skender-Gazibara
- University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Sabera Ruzdijic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, Department of Neurobiology, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nikola Tanic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, Department of Neurobiology, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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84
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Chen XH, Wu WG, Ding J. Aberrant TIG1 methylation associated with its decreased expression and clinicopathological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:967-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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85
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Puszyk WM, Le Trinh T, Chapple S, Liu C. Linking metabolism and epigenetic regulation in development of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2013; 93:983-90. [PMID: 23917878 PMCID: PMC4028619 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common form of cancer globally and is rarely curable once detected. The 5-year survival rate of patients diagnosed with late-stage HCC may be as low as 27%. HCC is a cancer largely driven by epigenetic changes that arise from exposure to exogenous environmental factors rather than coding sequence mutations. The liver is susceptible to effects from Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B viruses, exposure to aflatoxin and continuous excessive consumption of alcohol. The liver is a highly metabolic organ balancing many vital biochemical processes; exposure to any of the above environmental factors is associated with loss of liver function and is a major risk factor for the development of HCC. Emerging studies aim to examine the underlying metabolic processes that are abrogated in cancer and lead to the altered flux and availability of key metabolites important for epigenetic processes. Metabolites have been shown to act as substrates for many canonical epigenetic regulators. These enzymes are responsible for regulating histone modification, DNA methylation and micro RNA expression. By studying the impact of altered liver metabolism, we may better understand the long-term epigenetic processes, which lead to the development and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Matthew Puszyk
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Thu Le Trinh
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Sarah Chapple
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Medicine, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA,Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA,Correspondence: Chen Liu, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, M651, PO 100275, Gainesville, FL 32610. Tel: 352-273-5413; Fax: 352-392-6249
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87
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Duan X, Zhang J, Liu S, Zhang M, Wang Q, Cheng J. Methylation of nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1 is associated with the mechanism of tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2220-8. [PMID: 23970161 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1 (NOLC1) plays an essential role in the synthesis of rRNA and the biosynthesis of ribosomes. Previous studies suggest that NOLC1 is crucial for normal cell growth, and plays a role in the regulation of tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and demonstrate that both NOLC1 and tumor protein 53 work synergistically to activate the MDM2 promoter in NPC cells. Yet, the functioning of NOLC1 in liver cancer remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to understand how the NOLC1 gene is regulated in liver carcinogenesis. In this study, we showed that NOLC1 was silenced or downregulated in liver tumor tissues when compared with that in the matched non-cancer tissues. In addition, human hepatoma cells weakly expressed NOLC1, whereas cultured human normal liver cell lines expressed abundant levels. The hypermethylation status in the promoter CpG1 start region appeared to be correlated with the NOLC1 expression levels in liver cell lines or liver normal and tissue specimens. We found that four CpG dinucleotides were located at the CpG1 start region. Further molecular analysis of mutagenesis indicated that the four CpG dinucleotides play a role in the promoter activity of the NOLC1 gene. The expression of NOLC1 and DNA methylation of its promoter affected cell proliferation and apoptosis. The expression of NOLC1 in hepatoma cell lines was restored following exposure to the demethylation agent, 5-azacytidine. Low expression of NOLC1 in hepatoma cell lines and liver cancer tissues was associated with cyclin D3. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that DNA methylation is a key mechanism of silenced NOLC1 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and NOLC1 gene hypermethylation of the four CpG dinucleotides is a potential biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Duan
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
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88
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Lin HC, Zhang FL, Geng Q, Yu T, Cui YQ, Liu XH, Li J, Yan MX, Liu L, He XH, Li JJ, Yao M. Quantitative proteomic analysis identifies CPNE3 as a novel metastasis-promoting gene in NSCLC. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3423-33. [PMID: 23713811 DOI: 10.1021/pr400273z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To discover metastasis-associated proteins within cancer cells, we used the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) approach combined with nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (NanoLC-MS/MS) analysis to identify proteins that were differentially expressed between lung adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines SPC-A-1sci cells with high metastatic potential and parent SPC-A-1 cells with low metastatic potential. By employing biological and technical replicates, we identified 5818 nonredundant proteins and quantified 5443 proteins, 256 of which were differentially expressed in the two cell lines. Through si-RNA-mediated functional screens, Myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) and Copine III (CPNE3) were indicated as positively correlating with the migration and invasion properties of SPC-A1sci cells, and the same function of CPNE3 was confirmed in another lung cancer cell line, H1299. Furthermore, overexpressing CPNE3 promoted nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line (SPC-A-1 and XL-2) migration and invasion in vitro. Moreover, the targeted knock-down of CPNE3 inhibited the in vivo metastatic abilities of H1299 cells in mouse models. Lastly, immunohistochemistry revealed that the CPNE3 expression level was positively correlated with the clinical stage and TNM classification in NSCLC patients. Taken together, our results indicate that CPNE3 could play a critical role in NSCLC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-chun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Alfadhel M, Al-Thihli K, Moubayed H, Eyaid W, Al-Jeraisy M. Drug treatment of inborn errors of metabolism: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child 2013; 98:454-61. [PMID: 23532493 PMCID: PMC3693126 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2012-303131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) has seen significant advances over the last decade. Many medicines have been developed and the survival rates of some patients with IEM have improved. Dosages of drugs used for the treatment of various IEM can be obtained from a range of sources but tend to vary among these sources. Moreover, the published dosages are not usually supported by the level of existing evidence, and they are commonly based on personal experience. METHODS A literature search was conducted to identify key material published in English in relation to the dosages of medicines used for specific IEM. Textbooks, peer reviewed articles, papers and other journal items were identified. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for material published since 1947 and 1974, respectively. The medications found and their respective dosages were graded according to their level of evidence, using the grading system of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. RESULTS 83 medicines used in various IEM were identified. The dosages of 17 medications (21%) had grade 1 level of evidence, 61 (74%) had grade 4, two medications were in level 2 and 3 respectively, and three had grade 5. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to address this matter and the authors hope that it will serve as a quickly accessible reference for medications used in this important clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Alfadhel
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, PO Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid Al-Thihli
- Genetics and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate ofOman
| | - Hiba Moubayed
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa Eyaid
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Al-Jeraisy
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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90
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Ogunwobi OO, Puszyk W, Dong HJ, Liu C. Epigenetic upregulation of HGF and c-Met drives metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63765. [PMID: 23723997 PMCID: PMC3665785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, c-Met, are important regulators of growth and differentiation of healthy hepatocytes. However, upregulation of HGF and c-Met have been associated with tumor progression and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hematogenous dissemination is the most common route for cancer metastasis, but the role of HGF and c-Met in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is unknown. We have isolated and established a circulating tumor cell line from the peripheral blood of a mouse HCC model. Our studies show that these CTCs have increased expression of HGF and c-Met in comparison to the primary tumor cells. The CTCs display phenotypic evidence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the EMT appears to be inducible by HGF. Epigenetic analysis of the c-Met promoter identified significant loss of DNA methylation in CTCs which correlated with overexpression of c-Met and increased expression of HGF. Six specific CpG sites of c-Met promoter demethylation were identified. CTCs show significantly increased tumorigenicity and metastatic potential in a novel orthotopic syngeneic model of metastatic HCC. We conclude that during hematogenous dissemination in HCC, CTCs undergo EMT under the influence of increased HGF. This process also involves up regulation of c-Met via promoter demethylation at 6 CpG sites. Consequently, targeting HGF and c-Met expression by CTCs may be a novel non-invasive approach with potential clinical applications in HCC management.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Methylation/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/genetics
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Mesoderm/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - William Puszyk
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hui-Jia Dong
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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91
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Lee Y, Yoon KA, Joo J, Lee D, Bae K, Han JY, Lee JS. Prognostic implications of genetic variants in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a genome-wide association study. Carcinogenesis 2012; 34:307-13. [PMID: 23144319 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic significance of inherited genetic variants in advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains unknown. In this study, we genotyped 271 817 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 348 advanced NSCLC patients who received chemotherapy and analyzed their association with prognosis by using Cox proportional hazard regression model adjusted for known prognostic factors. Top candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected using the bootstrap re-sampling procedure. Median age of patient population was 56 years. Proportions of female, never smokers and adenocarcinoma were 64.9, 67.5 and 80.4%, respectively. We identified 17 top candidate SNPs related to prognosis using cut-off minimum P value of <5.0 × 10(-5) in at least 70% of 1000 bootstrap samples. These SNPs were located in the genomic regions of the FAM154A, ANKS1A, DLST, THSD7B, NCOA2, CDH8, SLC35D2, NALCN and EGF genes. The most significant SNP, rs1571228 (9p22.1:FAM154A), was significantly associated with overall survival in dominant model [AG+GG to AA, hazard ratio (HR) of death (95% CI) = 0.53 (0.42-0.67); P = 2.025 × 10(-7)]. The SNP at 4q25:EGF, rs11098063, for which some genetic variations was previously reported to be associated with prognosis, also showed significant association with overall survival in additive model [CC versus CT versus TT, HR (95% CI) = 1.00 versus 0.61 (0.47-0.78) versus 0.39 (0.19-0.79); P = 9.582 × 10(-6)]. Survival differences according to the genotype of these SNPs were independent of sex, smoking, histology and chemotherapy regimens. These results suggested the variants at multiple genetic loci might contribute to the risk of death in advanced NSCLC patients receiving chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoo Lee
- Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Yang B, Du Z, Bai T, Gao YT, Wang YJ, Lou C, Wang FM, Bai Y. Aberrant methylation of SPARC in human hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical implication. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:2043-52. [PMID: 22563191 PMCID: PMC3342602 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i17.2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the methylation status of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluate its clinical implication.
METHODS: The methylation status of SPARC was analyzed in one HCC cell line (SMMC-7721) and 60 pairs of HCC and corresponding nontumorous tissues by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and bisulfite sequencing. The expression of SPARC mRNA and protein were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The correlations between the methylation status and the gene expression, the clinicopathological parameters, as well as the prognosis after surgery were analyzed.
RESULTS: In the SMMC-7721 cell line, the loss of SPARC expression was correlated with the aberrant methylation and could be reactivated by the demethylating agent 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine. Methylation frequency of SPARC in HCC was significantly higher than that in the corresponding nontumorous tissues (45/60 vs 7/60, P < 0.001), and it was correlated with the pathological classification (P = 0.019). The downregulation of the SPARC mRNA expression in HCC was correlated with the SPARC methylation (P = 0.040). The patients with methylated SPARC had a poorer overall survival than those without methylated SPARC (28.0 mo vs 41.0 mo, P = 0.043).
CONCLUSION: Aberrant methylation is an important mechanism for SPARC inactivation in HCC and SPARC methylation may be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
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Gene expression profiling of A549 cells exposed to Milan PM2.5. Toxicol Lett 2012; 209:136-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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