51
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Zhang J, Ding Y, Jiang D, Xie J, Liu Y, Ma J, Mu Y, Zhang X, Yu C, Zhang Y, Yi X, Zhou Z, Fang L, Shen S, Yang Y, Cheng K, Zhuang R, Zhang Y. Deficiency of platelet adhesion molecule CD226 causes megakaryocyte development and platelet hyperactivity. FASEB J 2020; 34:6871-6887. [PMID: 32248623 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902142r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study used constitutive CD226 gene knockout (KO) mice as a model to investigate the functions and mechanisms of CD226 in megakaryocyte (MK) maturation and platelet activation. Although CD226 deficiency did not cause MK polyploidization or platelet granule abnormalities, increased MK counts were detected in the femora bone marrow (BM) and spleen of CD226 KO mice. Particularly, CD226 KO mice have a more extensive membrane system in MKs and platelets than wild-type (WT) mice. We also demonstrated that CD226 KO mice displayed increased platelet counts, shortened bleeding time, and enhanced platelet aggregation. CD226 KO platelets had an increased mature platelet ratio compared to the control platelets. In addition, the observed reduction in bleeding time may be due to decreased nitric oxide (NO) production in the platelets. Platelet-specific CD226-deficient mice showed similar increased MK counts, shortened bleeding time, enhanced platelet aggregation, and decreased NO production in platelets. Furthermore, we performed middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion surgery on WT and CD226 KO mice to explore the potential effect of CD226 on acute ischemia-reperfusion injury; the results revealed that CD226 deficiency led to significantly increased infarct area. Thus, CD226 is a promising candidate for the treatment of thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxue Zhang
- Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongxu Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangang Xie
- Department of Emergency, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongming Liu
- Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingchang Ma
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Mu
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuexin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chaoping Yu
- Department of Emergency, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziqing Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shen Shen
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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52
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Kwon YJ, Koh IH, Chung K, Lee YJ, Kim HS. Association between platelet count and osteoarthritis in women older than 50 years. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X20912861. [PMID: 32362942 PMCID: PMC7178919 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20912861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease involving inflammatory
processes. Platelets play important roles in both hemostasis and the
inflammatory response; however, the relationship between platelet count and
OA is unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the association between platelet
count and knee and hip OA in Korean women. Methods: In this cross-sectional designed study, we included a total of 6011 women
aged ⩾50 years from the 2010–2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey. Knee and hip OA were defined as Kellgren–Lawrence grade
⩾2 and presence of knee or hip pain, respectively. Platelet counts were
divided into quartiles as follows: Q1, 150–212 (103/µl); Q2,
213–246 (103/µl); Q3, 247–283 (103/µl); and Q4,
284–450 (103/µl). Multiple logistic-regression analysis was
conducted to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Receiver
operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the optimal
platelet count cut-off with which to discriminate participants with knee
and/hip OA versus those without OA. Results: Of the 6011 participants, 1141 (18.1%) had knee or hip OA. The mean age of
participants without OA was 60.6 years, and that of participants with OA was
68.0 years. Compared with the lowest quartile, odds ratios (95% confidence
intervals) for OA were 1.08 (0.84–1.39) for Q2, 0.94 (0.73–1.23) for Q3, and
1.35 (1.08–1.69) for Q4 after adjusting for confounders. The prevalence of
OA was significantly higher with platelet counts ⩾288 × 103/µl,
compared with platelet counts <288 × 103/µl. Conclusion: High platelet counts within the normal range are significantly associated
with knee and hip OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hyun Koh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangho Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Sik Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363 Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16995, Republic of Korea
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53
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Li T, Wang C, Liu Y, Li B, Zhang W, Wang L, Yu M, Zhao X, Du J, Zhang J, Dong Z, Jiang T, Xie R, Ma R, Fang S, Zhou J, Shi J. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce Intestinal Damage and Thrombotic Tendency in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:240-253. [PMID: 31325355 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps [NETs] in inflamed colon having been confirmed, the role of NETs, especially the circulating NETs, in the progression and thrombotic tendency of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] remains elusive. We extended our previous study to prove that NETs constitute a central component in the progression and prothrombotic state of IBD. METHODS In all 48 consecutive patients with IBD were studied. Acute colitis was induced by the treatment of C57BL/6 mice with 3.5% dextran sulphate sodium [DSS] in drinking water for 6 days. Peripheral blood neutrophils and sera were collected from IBD patients and murine colitis models. Exposed phosphatidylserine [PS] was analysed with flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Procoagulant activity was evaluated using clotting time, purified coagulation complex, and fibrin formation assays. RESULTS We observed higher plasma NET levels and presence of NETs in colon tissue in patients with active IBD. More importantly, NETs were induced in mice with DSS colitis, and inhibition of NET release attenuated colitis as well as colitis-associated tumorigenesis. NET degradation through DNase administration decreased cytokine levels during DSS-induced colitis. In addition, DNase treatment also significantly attenuated the accelerated thrombus formation and platelet activation observed in DSS-induced colitis. NETs triggered PS-positive microparticle release and PS exposure on platelets and endothelial cells partially through TLR2 and TLR4, converting them to a procoagulant phenotype. CONCLUSIONS NETs exacerbate colon tissue damage and drive thrombotic tendency during active IBD. Strategies directed against NET formation may offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, PR, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunxu Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, PR, China
| | - Yingmiao Liu
- Department of Stomatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baorong Li
- Department of Stomatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wujian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery of the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lixiu Wang
- Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Muxin Yu
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, PR, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingwen Du
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, PR, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zengxiang Dong
- Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery of the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Oncology of The Third Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ruishuang Ma
- Department of Oncology of The Third Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shaohong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, PR, China
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, PR, China.,Medicine Departments of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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54
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Bian X, Wu W, Yang L, Lv L, Wang Q, Li Y, Ye J, Fang D, Wu J, Jiang X, Shi D, Li L. Administration of Akkermansia muciniphila Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2259. [PMID: 31632373 PMCID: PMC6779789 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) develop as a result of complex interactions among genes, innate immunity and environmental factors, which are related to the gut microbiota. Multiple clinical and animal data have shown that Akkermansia muciniphila is associated with a healthy mucosa. However, its precise role in colitis is currently unknown. Our study aimed to determine its protective effects and underlying mechanisms in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. Twenty-four C57BL/6 male mice were administered A. muciniphila MucT or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) once daily by oral gavage for 14 days. Colitis was induced by drinking 2% DSS from days 0 to 6, followed by 2 days of drinking normal water. Mice were weighed daily and then sacrificed on day 8. We found that A. muciniphila improved DSS-induced colitis, which was evidenced by reduced weight loss, colon length shortening and histopathology scores and enhanced barrier function. Serum and tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (TNF-α, IL1α, IL6, IL12A, MIP-1A, G-CSF, and KC) decreased as a result of A. muciniphila administration. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences showed that A. muciniphila induced significant gut microbiota alterations. Furthermore, correlation analysis indicated that pro-inflammatory cytokines and other injury factors were negatively associated with Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansia, Ruminococcaceae, and Rikenellaceae, which were prominently abundant in A. muciniphila-treated mice. We confirmed that A. muciniphila treatment could ameliorate mucosal inflammation either via microbe-host interactions, which protect the gut barrier function and reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines, or by improving the microbial community. Our findings suggest that A. muciniphila may be a potential probiotic agent for ameliorating colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Bian
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liya Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longxian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yating Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daiqiong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianwan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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55
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Morgan K, Boktor M, Ford C, Pham L, Morris JD, Jordan PA, Cvek U, Trutschl M, Alexander JS. Venous thromboembolism in IBD: Increased risk for women in CD? PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2019; 26:163-168. [PMID: 31014914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although coagulation disturbances have been described in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), it remains unclear how common venous thromboembolism (VTE) is in IBD, and what factors influence VTE frequency. We evaluated VTE in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) at LSUHSC-S, a southern US medical center with an approximately equal White: African-American (AA) (1.12:1) patient base. This retrospective study evaluated VTE as a co-morbidity in IBD as a function of age, gender and race based on ICD-10 coding (2011-2015.) Results. Of 276 IBD diagnostic records, 213 were for CD (77.17%) and 63 for UC (22.8%). 52% of the CD patients were white, 42% were AA, and 6% were other. 42% of CD patients were male, with 58% were female. 6.1% (13 patients) of the 213 CD patients had a VTE. Of these 13 CD patients, 9 had active disease and 4 were in remission. 9 of 13 were female and 4 were male, with 5 white patients and 4 A A patients. 63 patients were diagnosed with UC, 3.38-fold fewer cases than CD. 25 UC patients were white, 25 were AA and 13 were in other ethnic groups. Of 63 UC cases, 2 UC patients had a VTE, both with active disease. At our institution, VTE appears to be 3x more frequently associated with CD than UC and was more common in white female patients. The recognition of VTE risk in CD, particularly in women, may be an important observation which may guide therapy and limit potentially life-threatening consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Morgan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, United States
| | - M Boktor
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, United States
| | - C Ford
- LSUHSC-S, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, United States
| | - L Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, United States
| | - J D Morris
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, United States; LSUHSC-S, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, United States; LSU Shreveport, Department of Computer Science, United States
| | - P A Jordan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, United States
| | - U Cvek
- LSU Shreveport, Department of Computer Science, United States
| | - M Trutschl
- LSU Shreveport, Department of Computer Science, United States
| | - J S Alexander
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, United States; LSUHSC-S, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, United States.
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56
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Mean Platelet Volume (MPV): New Perspectives for an Old Marker in the Course and Prognosis of Inflammatory Conditions. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:9213074. [PMID: 31148950 PMCID: PMC6501263 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9213074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet size has been demonstrated to reflect platelet activity and seems to be a useful predictive and prognostic biomarker of cardiovascular events. It is associated with a variety of prothrombotic and proinflammatory diseases. The aim is a review of literature reports concerning changes in the mean platelet volume (MPV) and its possible role as a biomarker in inflammatory processes and neoplastic diseases. PubMed database was searched for sources using the following keywords: platelet activation, platelet count, mean platelet volume and: inflammation, cancer/tumor, cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction, diabetes, lupus disease, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, ulcerative colitis, renal disease, pulmonary disease, influencing factors, age, gender, genetic factors, oral contraceptives, smoking, lifestyle, methods, standardization, and hematological analyzer. Preference was given to the sources which were published within the past 20 years. Increased MPV was observed in cardiovascular diseases, cerebral stroke, respiratory diseases, chronic renal failure, intestine diseases, rheumatoid diseases, diabetes, and various cancers. Decreased MPV was noted in tuberculosis during disease exacerbation, ulcerative colitis, SLE in adult, and different neoplastic diseases. The study of MPV can provide important information on the course and prognosis in many inflammatory conditions. Therefore, from the clinical point of view, it would be interesting to establish an MPV cut-off value indicating the intensity of inflammatory process, presence of the disease, increased risk of disease development, increased risk of thrombotic complications, increased risk of death, and patient's response on applied treatment. Nevertheless, this aspect of MPV evaluation allowing its use in clinical practice is limited and requires further studies.
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57
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Senchenkova EY, Russell J, Yildirim A, Granger DN, Gavins FNE. Novel Role of T Cells and IL-6 (Interleukin-6) in Angiotensin II-Induced Microvascular Dysfunction. Hypertension 2019; 73:829-838. [PMID: 30739537 PMCID: PMC6422352 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an established risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular diseases, with Ang II (angiotensin II) playing a major role in mediating thrombotic and inflammatory abnormalities. Although T cells and IL-6 (interleukin-6) play an important role in adaptive immune responses, little is known about their role(s) in the thromboinflammatory responses associated with Ang II. Here we show using intravital microscopy coupled with the light/dye injury model that Rag-1 deficient (Rag-1-/-) and IL-6 deficient (IL-6-/-) mice are afforded protection against Ang II-induced thrombosis. Blocking IL-6 receptors (using CD126 and gp130 antibodies) significantly diminished Ang II-mediated thrombosis and inflammatory cell recruitment in mice. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of IL-6-/--derived T cells into Rag-1-/- mice failed to accelerate Ang II-induced thrombosis compared with Rag-1-/- mice reconstituted with wild-type-derived T cells, suggesting T cell IL-6 mediates the thrombotic abnormalities associated Ang II hypertension. Interestingly, adoptive transfer of WT T cells into Rag-1-/-/Ang II mice resulted in increased numbers of immature platelets, which constitutes a more active platelet population, that is, prothrombotic and proinflammatory. To translate our in vivo findings, we used clinical samples to demonstrate that IL-6 also predisposes platelets to an interaction with collagen receptors, thereby increasing the propensity for platelets to aggregate and cause thrombosis. In summary, we provide compelling evidence for the involvement of IL-6, IL-6R, and T-cell-dependent IL-6 signaling in Ang II-induced thromboinflammation, which may provide new therapeutic possibilities for drug discovery programs for the management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Y. Senchenkova
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71105, USA
| | - Janice Russell
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71105, USA
| | - Alper Yildirim
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71105, USA
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D. Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71105, USA
| | - Felicity N. E. Gavins
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71105, USA
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58
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Seringec Akkececi N, Yildirim Cetin G, Gogebakan H, Acipayam C. The C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio and Complete Blood Count Parameters as Indicators of Disease Activity in Patients with Takayasu Arteritis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1401-1409. [PMID: 30792377 PMCID: PMC6396438 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the ratio of C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin, inflammatory markers, and parameters from the complete blood count (CBC) in patients with Takayasu arteritis and the association with disease activity. Material/Methods A retrospective study included thirty-two patients with Takayasu arteritis and 32 healthy controls. Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with Takayasu arteritis were recorded at baseline, before medication and on remission. Similar data were obtained for the controls at recruitment. Remission was defined as more than six months of stable disease without new vascular lesions in patients who previously had active disease. Kerr’s criteria were used to define active Takayasu arteritis. Results In patients with Takayasu arteritis, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), CRP, CRP/albumin ratio, red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were significantly higher, and albumin and MPV were significantly lower compared with controls. The ESR, CRP, CRP/albumin ratio, NLR, PLR, and MLR were decreased in remission, whereas MPV was increased. CRP and the CRP/albumin ratio were positively correlated and albumin and MPV were negatively correlated with disease activity. The CRP/albumin ratio had the highest correlation with disease activity in Takayasu arteritis. The CRP/albumin ratio, RDW, NLR, PLR, and MLR were positively correlated with CRP and ESR. Conclusions The CRP/albumin ratio, RDW, NLR, PLR, MLR, and MPV were markers of remission of active disease, and the CRP/albumin ratio, total albumin, and MPV were markers of disease activity in Takayasu arteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurten Seringec Akkececi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Gozde Yildirim Cetin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Hasan Gogebakan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Can Acipayam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Hematological Abnormalities of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients with and without HIV at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. Tuberc Res Treat 2018; 2018:5740951. [PMID: 30693104 PMCID: PMC6332918 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5740951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hematological abnormalities are common in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients, which is one of the major public health problems worldwide. However, there is paucity of information about the hematological profile of PTB patients with and without HIV in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess hematological abnormalities of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with and without HIV at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Hospital. Sociodemographic data was collected using a pretested, structured questionnaire. Five milliliters of venous blood sample was collected and divided into a 3 ml EDTA tube for complete blood count with the Cell Dyn 1800 hematological analyzer and a 2 ml citrated tube for erythrocyte sedimentation rate determination. Data were entered into Epi Info version 3.5.3 and then transferred to SPSS 20 for analysis. The independent samples t-test was used to compare the mean values of hematological parameters between PTB patients and PTB-HIV coinfected patients. Result A total of 100 study subjects (50 PTB and 50 PTB-HIV coinfected) were included with a mean age of 31.3 ± 10.3 years for PTB patients and 32.1 ± 9.2 years for PTB-HIV coinfected patients. In this study, there were significantly lower mean values of Hgb (P = 0.049), platelet count (P < 0.001), and neutrophils counts (P = 0.007) among PTB-HIV coinfected patients when compared with PTB patients. Of the PTB infected patients 46% were anemic, 6% leukopenic, 22% neutropenic, 8% lymphopenic, and 8% thrombocytopenic. On the other hand, of the PTB-HIV coinfected patients 60% were anemic, 14% leukopenic, 66% neutropenic, 12% lymphopenic, and 20% thrombocytopenic. ESR value was increased in all patients. Conclusion This study demonstrated high prevalence of neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia among PTB-HIV coinfected patients. HIV coinfection worsens hematological abnormalities of PTB patients. Assessment of hematological parameters can be used as an indicator in the diagnosis and follow-up of PTB patients coinfected with HIV. We recommended assessment of PTB patients with or without HIV for various hematological disorders such as neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.
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Alberio L. Do we need antiplatelet therapy in thrombocytosis? Pro. Hamostaseologie 2017; 36:227-240. [DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-11-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryThrombocytosis (defined as platelets >450 × 109/l) has several aetiologies. After having excluded spurious thrombocytosis (e. g., due to microspherocytes, schistocytes, cryoglobulins, or bacteria), the differential diagnosis of true thrombocytosis encompasses secondary causes (as diverse as inflammation, infection, malignancy, iron deficiency, or asplenia), primary hereditary (rare forms of familial thrombocytosis) and primary acquired entities (either in the context of a myelodys-plastic syndrome or more frequently a myeloproliferative neoplasia). This manuscript addresses the following aspects: 1) diagnostic approach to thrombocytosis; 2) various mechanisms leading to a high platelet count; 3) potential of some of these mechanisms to modulate platelet function, producing hyper-reactive platelets and thus exerting a direct impact on the thrombotic risk; 4) indication of anti-thrombotic treatment in patients with thrombocytosis. There is a single prospective randomized clinical trial showing the benefit of acetyl-salicylic acid in polycythaemia vera. For other types of primary thrombocytosis and for secondary forms, treatment decisions have to be individualized according to the patient thrombotic and bleeding risks, taking into account the mechanism causing thrombocytosis. This manuscript discusses experimental and clinical data suggesting that besides patients with essential thrombocythaemia and other forms of primary thrombocytosis also those with thrombocytosis in the context of chronic inflammation, malignancy, or exposure to high altitude might benefit from anti-platelet treatment.
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61
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Kiser JN, Neupane M, White SN, Neibergs HL. Identification of genes associated with susceptibility to Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map) tissue infection in Holstein cattle using gene set enrichment analysis-SNP. Mamm Genome 2017; 29:539-549. [PMID: 29185027 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-017-9725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple genome-wide association analyses have investigated susceptibility to bovine paratuberculosis, but few loci have been identified across independent cattle populations. A SNP-based gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA-SNP) allows expanded identification of genes with moderate effects on a trait through the enrichment of gene sets instead of identifying only few loci with large effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify genes that were moderately associated with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map) tissue infection using GSEA-SNP in Holstein cattle from the Pacific Northwest (PNW; n = 205) and from the PNW and Northeast (PNW+NE; n = 245) which were previously genotyped with the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip. The GSEA-SNP utilized 4389 gene sets from five databases. For each annotated gene in the UMD3.1 assembly (n = 19,723), the most significant SNP within each gene and its surrounding region (10 kb up- and downstream) was selected as a proxy for that gene. Any gene set with a normalized enrichment score > 2.5 was considered enriched. Thirteen gene sets (8 PNW GSEA-SNP; 5 PNW+NE) were enriched in these analyses and all have functions that relate to nuclear factor kappa beta. Nuclear factor kappa beta is critical to gut immune responses, implicated in host immune responses to other mycobacterial diseases, and has established roles in inflammation as well as cancer. Gene sets and genes moderately associated with Map infection could be used in genomic selection to allow producers to select for less susceptible cattle, lower the prevalence of the disease, and reduce economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Kiser
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - M Neupane
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - S N White
- USDA-ARS Animal Disease Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - H L Neibergs
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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Cavalca V, Rocca B, Veglia F, Petrucci G, Porro B, Myasoedova V, De Cristofaro R, Turnu L, Bonomi A, Songia P, Cavallotti L, Zanobini M, Camera M, Alamanni F, Parolari A, Patrono C, Tremoli E. On-pump Cardiac Surgery Enhances Platelet Renewal and Impairs Aspirin Pharmacodynamics: Effects of Improved Dosing Regimens. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102:849-858. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Cavalca
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
- University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - B Rocca
- Department of Pharmacology; Catholic University; Rome Italy
| | - F Veglia
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
| | - G Petrucci
- Department of Pharmacology; Catholic University; Rome Italy
| | - B Porro
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
| | | | | | - L Turnu
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
- University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - A Bonomi
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
| | - P Songia
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
- University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | | | - M Zanobini
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
| | - M Camera
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
- University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - F Alamanni
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
- University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - A Parolari
- Policlinico San Donato Hospital, IRCCS; San Donato Milanese Italy
| | - C Patrono
- Department of Pharmacology; Catholic University; Rome Italy
| | - E Tremoli
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
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Zitomersky NL, Demers M, Martinod K, Gallant M, Cifuni SM, Biswas A, Snapper S, Wagner DD. ADAMTS13 Deficiency Worsens Colitis and Exogenous ADAMTS13 Administration Decreases Colitis Severity in Mice. TH OPEN 2017; 1:e11-e23. [PMID: 29376146 PMCID: PMC5782810 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1603927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects 1.6 million people in the United States. IBD is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, which rises with disease activity. The pathogenesis of IBD and its increased thrombotic risk is not completely understood. Ultra large von Willebrand factor (ULVWF) multimers are secreted from activated endothelium, leading to recruitment of platelets and leukocytes. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type I repeats motif 13 (ADAMTS13) cleaves highly adhesive ULVWF into smaller, less bioactive, multimers, releasing them into circulation. Mice deficient in ADAMTS13 (ADAMTS13
−/−
) have heightened inflammatory and thrombotic responses.
Objectives
We hypothesized that upon colitis induction, ADAMTS13
−/−
mice would have more severe symptoms compared with wild-type (WT) mice, and rhADAMTS13 administration to mice with colitis would improve their condition.
Results
Dextran sodium sulfate–induced colitis was worse in ADAMTS13
−/−
mice than WT. ADAMTS13
−/−
showed increased weight loss, worse anemia, and increased clinical and histologic colitis severity, compared with WT mice. ADAMTS13
−/−
mice had increased VWF release, with accumulation at inflamed colonic sites. Also, the majority of mice showed one or more submucosal colonic thrombi. ADAMTS13 deficiency worsened colitis and propagated intestinal inflammation, most likely through increased platelet–leukocyte recruitment by VWF. Treatment of WT mice with rhADAMTS13 decreased colitis severity without worsening anemia. Additionally, several immune-mediated chronic murine colitis models, and inflamed colon tissue specimens from IBD patients, showed increased VWF release at inflamed sites, suggesting a generalizability of our findings.
Conclusion
Measuring VWF/ADAMTS13 levels could have clinical utility. When applicable, the administration of ADAMTS13, in addition to primary treatment, may improve outcomes for IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naamah L Zitomersky
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Melanie Demers
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Maureen Gallant
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Stephen M Cifuni
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Amlan Biswas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Scott Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Berlian G, Tandrasasmita OM, Tjandrawinata RR. Trombinol, a bioactive fraction of Psidium guajava , stimulates thrombopoietin expression in HepG2 cells. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with increased risk for thrombus formation both within the inflamed bowel and at distant sites. Although the increased propensity for distant organ thrombus development has been recapitulated in animal models of colitis and linked to interleukin-6 (IL-6), it remains unclear whether experimental colitis results in accelerated thrombus development within the inflamed bowel and whether IL-6 contributes to a local thrombogenic response. These issues related to thrombus formation within the inflamed bowel were addressed in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Wild-type (WT) mice, IL-6 deficient (IL-6(-/-)) mice, and bone marrow chimeras (WT→WT and IL-6(-/-)→WT) were used. The effects of treatment with either an IL-6-blocking, IL-6Rα-blocking or gp130-blocking antibody were also evaluated. Disease activity index and colonic weight-to-length ratio (W/L) were used to monitor the development of colitis. Intravital videomicroscopy was used to study thrombus development (induced with the light/dye method) in mucosal vessels of the ascending colon. Thrombus development was significantly enhanced in WT colitic mice. Neither genetic deficiency nor immunoblockade of IL-6 significantly altered the disease activity index and W/L responses to dextran sodium sulfate treatment. However, colitis-induced thrombogenesis was attenuated in IL-6(-/-) mice and in WT mice treated with either the IL-6-blocking, IL-6Rα-blocking or gp130-blocking antibody. IL-6(-/-)→WT, but not WT→WT chimeras, exhibited a blunted thrombosis response to dextran sodium sulfate. These results indicate that experimental colitis is associated with accelerated thrombus development within the inflamed colon and that IL-6, derived from bone marrow-derived blood cells, is largely responsible for this response.
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Effect of Intraoperative Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Postoperative Complications After Open Radical Cystectomy: Old Versus Fresh Stored Blood. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2015; 13:581-7. [PMID: 26165733 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Interleukin-6 mediates enhanced thrombus development in cerebral arterioles following a brief period of focal brain ischemia. Exp Neurol 2015; 271:351-7. [PMID: 26054883 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cerebral microvasculature is rendered more vulnerable to thrombus formation following a brief (5.0 min) period of focal ischemia. This study examined the contribution of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a neuroprotective and prothrombotic cytokine produced by the brain, to transient ischemia-induced thrombosis in cerebral arterioles. APPROACH & RESULTS The middle cerebral artery of C57BL/6J mice was occluded for 5 min, followed by 24h of reperfusion (MCAo/R). Intravital fluorescence microscopy was used to monitor thrombus development in cerebral arterioles induced by light/dye photoactivation. Thrombosis was quantified as the time of onset of platelet aggregation on the vessel wall and the time for complete blood flow cessation. MCAo/R in wild type (WT) mice yielded an acceleration of thrombus formation that was accompanied by increased IL-6 levels in plasma and in post-ischemic brain tissue. The exaggerated thrombosis response to MCAo/R was blunted in WT mice receiving an IL-6 receptor-blocking antibody and in IL-6 deficient (IL-6(-/-)) mice. Bone marrow chimeras, produced by transplanting IL-6(-/-) marrow into WT recipients, did not exhibit protection against MCAo/R-induced thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS The increased vulnerability of the cerebral vasculature to thrombus development after MCAo/R is mediated by IL-6, which is likely derived from brain cells rather than circulating blood cells. These findings suggest that anti-IL-6 therapy may reduce the likelihood of cerebral thrombus development after a transient ischemic attack.
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O'Connell KE, Mikkola AM, Stepanek AM, Vernet A, Hall CD, Sun CC, Yildirim E, Staropoli JF, Lee JT, Brown DE. Practical murine hematopathology: a comparative review and implications for research. Comp Med 2015; 65:96-113. [PMID: 25926395 PMCID: PMC4408895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hematologic parameters are important markers of disease in human and veterinary medicine. Biomedical research has benefited from mouse models that recapitulate such disease, thus expanding knowledge of pathogenetic mechanisms and investigative therapies that translate across species. Mice in health have many notable hematologic differences from humans and other veterinary species, including smaller erythrocytes, higher percentage of circulating reticulocytes or polychromasia, lower peripheral blood neutrophil and higher peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphocyte percentages, variable leukocyte morphologies, physiologic splenic hematopoiesis and iron storage, and more numerous and shorter-lived erythrocytes and platelets. For accurate and complete hematologic analyses of disease and response to investigative therapeutic interventions, these differences and the unique features of murine hematopathology must be understood. Here we review murine hematology and hematopathology for practical application to translational investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn E O'Connell
- Department of Comparative Pathology, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southboro, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy M Mikkola
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aaron M Stepanek
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Public Health and Professional Degree Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andyna Vernet
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher D Hall
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chia C Sun
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, Cellular and Translational Immunology, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eda Yildirim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - John F Staropoli
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeannie T Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diane E Brown
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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MyD88 mediates the protective effects of probiotics against the arteriolar thrombosis and leukocyte recruitment associated with experimental colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:888-900. [PMID: 25738377 PMCID: PMC4366293 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several studies in patients with IBD and in animal models of IBD have revealed a protective effect of probiotics in reducing clinical symptoms of disease and in blunting the gut inflammation that accompanies this condition. However, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of probiotics is currently unknown. Furthermore, the ability of probiotics to influence the enhanced thrombus development that accompanies IBD has not been studied. This study addresses whether the enhanced extraintestinal thrombosis (induced by light/dye injury) associated with experimental colitis is altered by oral treatment with the probiotic preparation VSL#3 or by the absence of microbiota. Colitis was induced by DSS 3% in Swiss Webster mice, germ-free mice, C57BL/6 WT, or Myd88 mice. In some experiments, mice received VSL#3 for 8 days before and during DSS feeding. Swiss Webster mice were also subjected to a chronic model of DSS colitis, and the effect of VSL#3 was evaluated. VSL#3 treatment significantly attenuated the accelerated thrombus formation observed in both acute and chronic models of colitis. VSL#3-treated mice also exhibited attenuated inflammatory response and injury in the colon. The protective effects of VSL#3 on colitis-associated thrombogenesis and inflammation were not evident in MyD88-deficient mice. Our results suggest that improved control of the enteric microflora in IBD may afford protection against the hypercoagulable prothrombotic state that follows this condition.
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70
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Koutroubakis IE. The relationship between coagulation state and inflammatory bowel disease: current understanding and clinical implications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:479-88. [PMID: 25719625 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1019475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with a hypercoagulable state and subsequently with an increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE in IBD is characterized by a high recurrence rate and is associated with the disease activity. Acquired endothelial dysfunction, abnormalities of platelets, activation of coagulation system and impaired fibrinolysis are the main changes in the coagulation state in IBD. The development of VTE in IBD has been considered to be the result of multiple interactions between acquired and inherited risk factors. The treatment of VTE in IBD patients is recommended to be similar and to follow the same protocols as for non-IBD patients. In the clinical practice, the management of IBD patients and especially the hospitalized patients should include thromboprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis E Koutroubakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heraklion, P.O. Box 1352, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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71
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Kojouharov BM, Brackett CM, Veith JM, Johnson CP, Gitlin II, Toshkov IA, Gleiberman AS, Gudkov AV, Burdelya LG. Toll-like receptor-5 agonist Entolimod broadens the therapeutic window of 5-fluorouracil by reducing its toxicity to normal tissues in mice. Oncotarget 2015; 5:802-14. [PMID: 24583651 PMCID: PMC3996654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelosuppression and gastrointestinal damage are common side effects of cancer treatment limiting efficacy of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic drugs. The Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist Entolimod has demonstrated efficacy in mitigating damage to hematopoietic and gastrointestinal tissues caused by radiation. Here, using 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) treated mice as a model of chemotherapy-induced side effects, we demonstrated significant reduction in the severity of 5-FU-induced morbidity and increased survival accompanied by the improved integrity of intestinal tissue and stimulated the restoration of hematopoiesis. Entolimod-stimulated IL-6 production was essential for Entolimod's ability to rescue mice from death caused by doses of 5-FU associated with hematopoietic failure. In contrast, IL-6 induction was not necessary for protection and restoration of drug-damaged gastrointestinal tissue by Entolimod. In a syngeneic mouse CT26 colon adenocarcinoma model, Entolimod reduced the systemic toxicity of 5-FU, but did not reduce its antitumor efficacy indicating that the protective effect of Entolimod was selective for normal, non-tumor, tissues. These results suggest that Entolimod has clinical potential to broaden the therapeutic window of genotoxic anticancer drugs by reducing their associated hematopoietic and gastrointestinal toxicities.
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Tang YH, Vital S, Russell J, Seifert H, Senchenkova E, Granger DN. Transient ischemia elicits a sustained enhancement of thrombus development in the cerebral microvasculature: effects of anti-thrombotic therapy. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:417-23. [PMID: 25058045 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a well-known harbinger of ischemic stroke, the mechanisms that link TIA to subsequent strokes remain poorly understood. The overall aim of this study was to determine whether: 1) brief periods of transient cerebral ischemia render this tissue more vulnerable to thrombus development and 2) antiplatelet agents used in TIA patients alter ischemia-induced thrombogenesis. APPROACH & RESULTS The middle cerebral artery of C57BL/6 mice was occluded for 2.5-10min, followed by reperfusion periods of 1-28days. Intravital microscopy was used to monitor thrombus development in cerebral microvessels induced by light/dye photoactivation. Thrombosis was quantified as the time to platelet aggregation on the vessel wall and the time for complete blood flow cessation. While brief periods of cerebral ischemia were not associated with neurological deficits or brain infarction (evaluated after 1day), it yielded a pronounced and prolonged (up to 28days) acceleration of thrombus formation, compared to control (sham) mice. This prothrombotic phenotype was not altered by pre- and/or post-treatment of mice with either aspirin (A), clopidogrel (C), dipyridamole (D), or atorvastatin (S), or with A+D+S. CONCLUSIONS The increased vulnerability of the cerebral vasculature to thrombus development after a brief period of transient ischemia can be recapitulated in a murine model. Antiplatelet or antithrombotic agents used in patients with TIA show no benefit in this mouse model of brief transient ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hui Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Shantel Vital
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Janice Russell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Hilary Seifert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Elena Senchenkova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - D Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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Effect of perioperative transfusion of old red blood cells on postoperative complications after free muscle sparing transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap surgery for breast reconstruction. Microsurgery 2014; 34:434-8. [DOI: 10.1002/micr.22240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregation elicited in experimental colitis are mediated by interleukin-6. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014; 20:353-62. [PMID: 24390064 PMCID: PMC3947085 DOI: 10.1097/01.mib.0000440614.83703.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence for an interdependence of inflammation, coagulation, and thrombosis in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with a hypercoagulable state and an increased risk of thromboembolism. Although the IBD-associated prothrombogenic state has been linked to the inflammatory response, the mediators that link these 2 conditions remain unclear. Recent evidence suggests that interleukin-6 (IL-6) may be important in this regard. The objective of this study was to more fully define the contribution of IL-6 to the altered platelet function that occurs during experimental colitis. The number of immature and mature platelets, activated platelets, and platelet-leukocyte aggregates were measured in wild-type and IL-6 mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colonic inflammation. DSS treatment of WT mice was associated with significant increases in the number of both immature and mature platelets, activated platelets, and platelet-leukocyte aggregates. These platelet responses to DSS were not observed in IL-6 mice. Chronic IL-6 infusion (through an Alzet pump) in WT mice reproduced all of the platelet abnormalities observed in DSS-colitic mice. IL-6-infused mice also exhibited an acceleration of thrombus formation in arterioles, similar to DSS. These findings implicate IL-6 in the platelet activation and enhanced platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation associated with experimental colitis, and support a role for this cytokine as a mediator of the enhanced thrombogenesis in IBD.
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Larsen SB, Grove EL, Hvas AM, Kristensen SD. Platelet turnover in stable coronary artery disease - influence of thrombopoietin and low-grade inflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85566. [PMID: 24465602 PMCID: PMC3897460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newly formed platelets are associated with increased aggregation and adverse outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The mechanisms involved in the regulation of platelet turnover in patients with CAD are largely unknown. Aim To investigate associations between platelet turnover parameters, thrombopoietin and markers of low-grade inflammation in patients with stable CAD. Furthermore, to explore the relationship between platelet turnover parameters and type 2 diabetes, prior myocardial infarction, smoking, age, gender and renal insufficiency. Methods We studied 581 stable CAD patients. Platelet turnover parameters (immature platelet fraction, immature platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width and platelet large cell-ratio) were determined using automated flow cytometry (Sysmex XE-2100). Furthermore, we measured thrombopoietin and evaluated low-grade inflammation by measurement of high-sensitive CRP and interleukin-6. Results We found strong associations between the immature platelet fraction, immature platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width and platelet large cell ratio (r = 0.61–0.99, p<0.0001). Thrombopoietin levels were inversely related to all of the platelet turnover parameters (r = −0.17–−0.25, p<0.0001). Moreover, thrombopoietin levels were significantly increased in patients with diabetes (p = 0.03) and in smokers (p = 0.003). Low-grade inflammation evaluated by high-sensitive CRP correlated significantly, yet weakly, with immature platelet count (r = 0.10, p = 0.03) and thrombopoietin (r = 0.16, p<0.001). Also interleukin-6 correlated with thrombopoietin (r = 0.10, p = 0.02). Conclusion In stable CAD patients, thrombopoietin was inversely associated with platelet turnover parameters. Furthermore, thrombopoietin levels were increased in patients with diabetes and in smokers. However, low-grade inflammation did not seem to have a substantial impact on platelet turnover parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne-Mette Hvas
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Dalby Kristensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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