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Myasoedova VA, Rimbert A, Camera M, Le May C, Capoulade R, Cariou B, Poggio P. LDL lowering effect of PCSK9 inhibition is reduced in women. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 2023:7017832. [PMID: 36722156 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulator of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration and its inhibition reduces the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We aimed to assess the sex-differential effect of either pharmacological or genetic inhibition of PCSK9 on LDL-C levels. METHODS AND RESULTS We meta-analyzed six real-life studies (1'216 men and 641 women) that investigated the effects of PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on LDL-C reduction in men and women. Despite higher LDL-C levels in women at baseline (mean difference, MD = 17.4 mg/dL, p < 0.0001, women = 175 mg/dL vs. men = 152 mg/dL), the LDL-C reduction under PCSK9 mAbs treatment was significantly greater in men (MD = 7.6 mg/dL, 95% CI: 2.7-12.4, p = 0.002) than in women.We tested the sex-related association of the loss-of-function variant PCSK9-R46L with LDL-C plasma levels in 382'813 individuals (219'301 women and 163'512 men) free of lipid-lowering drugs from the UK biobank (UKBB) general population cohort. The magnitude of LDL-C reduction was larger in men than in women (mean LDL-C difference: -35 mg/dL vs. -26 mg/dL, when comparing homozygous carriers with non-carriers in men and women, respectively). The relationship between PCSK9-R46L and LDL-C was significantly dependent on sex (p-for-interaction = 7.2e-04). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate by complementary approaches that the decrease in LDL-C mediated by PCSK9 inhibition is slightly, but significantly, less marked in women than in men. These data reinforce the need for specific studies to develop sex-specific recommendations for the management of ASCVD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Rimbert
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes
| | - M Camera
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - C Le May
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes
| | - R Capoulade
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes
| | - B Cariou
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes
| | - P Poggio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Camera M, Brambilla M, Canzano P, Becchetti A, Conti M, Teruzzi G, Porro B, Muratori E, Tedesco C, Montorsi P, Bartorelli A, Tremoli E, Trabattoni D. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) and migraine: role of platelet Tissue Factor expression and oxidative stress. The LEARNER study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Migraine is a chronic neurovascular disorder with a multifactorial aetiology. A strong relationship links migraine with aura (MHA) and patent foramen ovale (PFO), with migraine regression after PFO closure. Increased platelet aggregation and oxidative stress were documented in migraineurs. Current guidelines suggest the use of aspirin or P2Y12-antagonists. To date, however, no clear mechanisms connecting MHA to PFO has been demonstrated.
Purpose
To perform a comprehensive analysis of platelet activation, inflammation and oxidative stress status in 78 aspirin-treated MHA-patients before (T0) and 6-months after (T1) PFO closure (LEARNER Study-NCT03521193-clinicaltrials.gov). Primary endpoint was migraine regression rate in relation to these parameters.
Methods
P-selectinpos-, activated-glycoproteinIIbIIIa (aGPIIbIIIa)pos-, Tissue Factor (TF)pos-, reactive oxygen species (ROS)pos-platelets, platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLA) and microvesicles (MVs) were evaluated by flow cytometry; thrombin generation (TG) by Calibrated Automated Thrombogram (CAT) assay; oxidative stress status by mass spectrometry. Twelve aspirin-treated-healthy subjects (HS) were enrolled for comparison. To test the effect of PFO patients' plasma on platelet activation, blood from HS was plasma-depleted and replaced with a pool of plasma from PFO patients.
Results
Migraine resolution occurred in 69.7%, significant reduction in 27%, while no effect was observed in 2 patients (3.2%). Only ROSpos-platelets, and TFpos-platelets and -MVs were significantly higher at T0, sustaining a TG capacity that was associated with an altered blood GSSG/GSH (Oxidized/Reduced Glutathione) ratio. This phenotype reverted to HS levels at T1 (Fig. 1). MHA-PFO plasma, added to HS blood, mirrored the in vivo platelet activation and N-acetylcysteine blunted it. In vitro GSSG treatment of HS platelets reproduced the in vivo condition. Aspirin had little effect on the platelet prothrombotic phenotype which was effectively inhibited by a P2Y12-antagonist (Fig.2).
Conclusions
MHA-PFO patients show a platelet-associated prothrombotic phenotype, characterized by a marked thrombin generation capacity sustained by an elevated number of platelets and MVs expressing a functionally active Tissue Factor and sustained by altered oxidative stress status. This phenotype, not fully controlled by aspirin but by P2Y12-antagonism, reverted after PFO closure together with a complete migraine remission.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Italian Ministry of Health
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Affiliation(s)
- M Camera
- University of Milan, eDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Milan , Italy
| | | | - P Canzano
- Centro cardiologico Monzino , Milan , Italy
| | | | - M Conti
- Centro cardiologico Monzino , Milan , Italy
| | - G Teruzzi
- Centro cardiologico Monzino , Milan , Italy
| | - B Porro
- Centro cardiologico Monzino , Milan , Italy
| | - E Muratori
- Centro cardiologico Monzino , Milan , Italy
| | - C Tedesco
- Centro cardiologico Monzino , Milan , Italy
| | - P Montorsi
- Centro cardiologico Monzino , Milan , Italy
| | | | - E Tremoli
- Centro cardiologico Monzino , Milan , Italy
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3
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Camera M, Brambilla M, Canzano P, Becchetti A, Conti M, Agostoni PG, Pengo M, Tortorici E, Mancini ME, Andreini D, Bonomi A, Parati GF. Long COVID-19 syndrome: association of cardiopulmonary impairment with a persistent platelet activation. Eur Heart J 2022. [PMCID: PMC9619691 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A considerable proportion of patients do not fully recover from COVID-19 infection and report symptoms that persist beyond the initial phase of infection: this condition is defined long-COVID-19 syndrome (LCS). LCS can involve lungs as well as several extrapulmonary organs, including the cardiovascular system. The risk and 1-year burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is increased in COVID-19 survivors, even in subjects at low risk of CVD. Recently, we documented that acute COVID-19 infection induces altered platelet activation state characterized by a prothrombotic phenotype and by the formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLA), that may be involved in the pulmonary microthrombi found in autoptic specimens. No data are yet available on the contribution of platelet activation to residual pulmonary impairment and procoagulant potential in LCS patients. Purpose To study platelet activation status, microvesicle (MV) profile, platelet thrombin generation capacity (pTGC) in LCS patients enrolled at 6 months after resolution of the acute phase (6mo-FU), compared to acute COVID-19 infection patients. Methods 6mo-FU COVID-19 patients (n=24) with established LCS were enrolled at Centro Cardiologico Monzino. Residual pulmonary impairment was assessed by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) and 64-rows-CT scan evaluation. Platelet activation (P-selectin, Tissue Factor [TF] and PLA) and MV profile were assessed by flow cytometry; pTGC by calibrated automated thrombogram. 46 patients enrolled during acute COVID-19 infection and 46 healthy subjects (HS) were used for comparison. Results Dispnea in LCS patients was confirmed by CPET showing compromised alveolus-capillary membrane diffusion and residual pulmonary impairment. TF+-platelet and -MV levels were 3-fold (1.5% [1.2–2.9] vs 2.4% [1.6–5.7]) and 2-fold (217/μl [137–275] vs 435/μl [275–633]) lower at 6mo-FU compared to acute phase, being comparable to HS. pTGC behaved similarly. At 6mo-FU, the MV profile, in terms of total number and cell origin, returned to physiological levels. Conversely, although lower than that measured in acute phase, a 2.5-fold higher platelet P-selectin expression (6.9% [3–13.5] vs 11.7% [5.2–18.9]) and PLA formation (35.5% [27.4–46.8] vs 67.7% [45.7–85.3]) was observed at 6mo-FU compared to HS. Interestingly, a significant correlation between PLA formation and residual pulmonary impairment was observed (r=−0.423; p=0.02). Conclusion These data strengthen the hypothesis that the presence of PLA in the bloodstream, and thus also in the pulmonary microcirculation, may contribute to support pulmonary dysfunction still observed in LCS patients. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente 2020 MPP COVID4)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Camera
- University of Milan, eDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Milan , Italy
| | | | - P Canzano
- Centro cardiologico Monzino , Milan , Italy
| | | | - M Conti
- Centro cardiologico Monzino , Milan , Italy
| | | | - M Pengo
- Italian Auxological Institute San Luca Hospital , Milan , Italy
| | - E Tortorici
- Italian Auxological Institute San Luca Hospital , Milan , Italy
| | | | - D Andreini
- Centro cardiologico Monzino , Milan , Italy
| | - A Bonomi
- Centro cardiologico Monzino , Milan , Italy
| | - G F Parati
- Italian Auxological Institute San Luca Hospital , Milan , Italy
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Ceraudo M, Prior A, Balestrino A, Anania P, Camera M, Fiaschi P, Gatto F, Riccardi N, Zona G, Criminelli Rossi D. Ultra-short antibiotic prophylaxis guided by preoperative microbiological nasal swabs in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:369-382. [PMID: 32901395 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (EESBS) is a clean-contaminated procedure. Guidelines regarding the antibiotic prophylaxis in EESBS have not been developed yet, and today, there are no universally accepted protocols. In this article, we investigated the efficacy of our new ultra-short antibiotic prophylaxis protocol for EESBS guided by the cultural results of preoperative microbiological nasal swabs. METHODS We defined as "nasal swab-related antibiotic protocol" the administration of a first-generation cephalosporin (cefazolin 2 g) in patients whose nasal swabs revealed the presence of normal nasal flora or methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and the administration of vancomycin 1 g intravenously in patients whose nasal swabs revealed the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or with reported cephalosporin/penicillin allergy. This case-control study included 120 patients who underwent EESBS. The case group included 60 cases who received the "nasal swab-related antibiotic protocol," while the control group included 60 cases who received the "standard hospital antibiotic protocol" used in neurosurgery (cefazolin 2 g plus metronidazole 500 mg at induction, and 2 g of cefazolin repeated after 180 min). RESULTS The preoperative microbiological nasal swabs showed normal nasal flora in 42 patients (70%), MSSA in 17 patients (28.3%), and MRSA in 1 patient (1.6%). During the study period, no cases of meningitis or sinusitis occurred in the case group ("nasal swab-related antibiotic protocol"), while two infections (3.3%, 1 sinusitis and 1 meningitis) were reported in the control group ("standard hospital antibiotic protocol"). Mean length of hospitalization was 6.5 days for the case group and 8.5 days in the control group. "Standard hospital antibiotic protocol" is less expensive (range, 2.88-5.42 euros) compared with our new "nasal swab-related antibiotic protocol" (range, 10.02-32.56 euros), but in line with other antibiotic prophylaxis protocols reported in literature. DISCUSSION The low complication rates of our case series (0%) is comparable to complication rates reported in literature (1.6% for meningitis and 8% for sinusitis). Compared with other perioperative antibiotic regimens reported in literature, the "nasal swab-related antibiotic protocol" is cheap and at least equally effective. We discuss the rationale on which we based the choice of chemoprophylaxis, the timing, and the length of our regimen. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the safety and efficacy of our easily applicable and low-cost antibiotic prophylaxis protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ceraudo
- Division of Neurosurgery, San Martino- IST University Hospital (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy.
| | - A Prior
- Division of Neurosurgery, San Martino- IST University Hospital (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
| | - A Balestrino
- Division of Neurosurgery, San Martino- IST University Hospital (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
| | - P Anania
- Division of Neurosurgery, San Martino- IST University Hospital (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
| | - M Camera
- Department of Infectious - Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IST University Hospital (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
| | - P Fiaschi
- Division of Neurosurgery, San Martino- IST University Hospital (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, San Martino - IST University Hospital (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
| | - F Gatto
- Endocrinology Unit, San Martino - IST University Hospital (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
| | - N Riccardi
- Department of Infectious - Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - G Zona
- Division of Neurosurgery, San Martino- IST University Hospital (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, San Martino - IST University Hospital (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
| | - D Criminelli Rossi
- Division of Neurosurgery, San Martino- IST University Hospital (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
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Lupo M, Faggin E, Rattazzi M, Garofalo M, Camera M, Poggio P, Ferri N. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) stimulates a procalcific response in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Atherosclerosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Perrot N, Moschetta D, Boekholdt SM, Valerio V, Martinsson A, Capoulade R, Mass E, Mathieu P, Bosse Y, Pibarot P, Smith JG, Camera M, Theriault Y, Poggio P, Arsenault B. P4667Loss of function in PCSK9, atherogenic lipoprotein concentrations, and calcific aortic valve stenosis. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition reduces plasma concentrations of most atherogenic lipoproteins such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (apoB) and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. Atherogenic lipoprotein concentrations have also been linked with calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS).
Purpose
1) To determine the association between genetic variants in PCSK9 and lipoprotein-lipid levels, 2) to determine whether loss of function (LOF) in PCSK9 is associated with CAVS and 3) to evaluate if PCSK9 could be implicated in aortic valve interstitial cells (VICs) calcification.
Methods
We built a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) using 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms at the PCSK9 locus associated with LDL-C in the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium. We determined the association between the wGRS and LDL-C, apoB and Lp(a)] in 9692 participants of the EPIC-Norfolk study using linear regression. We investigated the association between the LOF PCSK9 R46L variant and CAVS risk in a meta-analysis of published (three Copenhagen studies, 1463 cases and 101,620 controls) and unpublished studies (UK Biobank, 1350 cases and 349,043 controls, Malmö Diet and Cancer study, 682 cases and 5963 controls and EPIC-Norfolk, 508 cases and 20,421 controls) prospective, population-based studies using logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. We evaluated PCSK9 expression and localization in explanted aortic valves by capillary Western blot and immunohistochemistry in patients with and without CAVS. Von Kossa staining was used to visualize aortic leaflet calcium deposits. We also assessed VICs calcification potential under oxidative stress condition.
Results
In EPIC-Norfolk, the wGRS was significantly associated with TC, LDL-C, and apoB (all p<0.0001), but not with VLDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides apoA-I, or Lp(a). Carriers of the R46L variant were at lower CAVS risk (odds ratio=0.71 (95% CI, 0.57–0.88, p<0.001)). Aortic valves of patients with aortic sclerosis (n=12) and CAVS (n=8) presented elevated PCSK9 levels (log2 fold change [FC]=+28.6±5.1, p=0.008 and FC=+39.3±15.2, p=0.02, respectively) compared to controls (n=4).In calcified leaflets, PCSK9 expression co-localized with calcium deposits. PCSK9 expression in VICs was induced by oxidative stress (FC=+2.3±0.4, p=0.02), and subsequent increment in calcification potential was observed.
Conclusion
PCSK9LOF variants are associated with lifelong reductions in non-Lp(a) apoB-containing lipoprotein levels and a lower risk of coronary artery disease and CAVS. PCSK9 is abundant in fibrotic and calcified aortic leaflets. Oxidative stress increases PCSK9 expression in VICs. These results support randomized clinical trials of PCSK9 inhibition in the prevention of CAVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Perrot
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute research centre, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Moschetta
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - S M Boekholdt
- Academic Medical Center of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - V Valerio
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - E Mass
- University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - P Mathieu
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute research centre, Quebec, Canada
| | - Y Bosse
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute research centre, Quebec, Canada
| | - P Pibarot
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute research centre, Quebec, Canada
| | - J G Smith
- Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Camera
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Y Theriault
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute research centre, Quebec, Canada
| | - P Poggio
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - B Arsenault
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute research centre, Quebec, Canada
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Ferri N, Lupo M, Poggio P, Camera M, Faggin E, Rattazzi M. Pcsk9 9 Induces Vascular Calcification Under Uremic Conditions: In Vitro And In Vivo Study. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pelizza A, Hauser A, Mendes T, Mattiello C, Knob D, Cardozo L, Parizotto Filho R, Gomes I, Alessio D, Camera M, Thaler Neto A. Perfil metabólico de vacas Holandês e mestiças Holandês x Jersey no periparto. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar e comparar o perfil metabólico de vacas Holandês (H) e mestiças Holandês x Jersey (HxJ) no periparto. Avaliaram-se 24 vacas, sendo 11 vacas Holandês e 13 mestiças Holandês x Jersey. Semanalmente, coletou-se sangue para a determinação das concentrações séricas de glicose, beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB), proteína total, albumina, aspartato aminotransferase (AST), creatinoquinase (CK), cálcio total, cálcio iônico, magnésio, fósforo inorgânico e colesterol. Avaliou-se também o peso vivo e o escore de condição corporal (ECC). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância com medidas repetidas no tempo. As vacas Holandês apresentaram maior peso vivo. Não houve diferença entre os grupamentos genéticos para ECC. Foi observada tendência de maiores concentrações séricas de BHB, AST e maior concentração de cálcio iônico em vacas mestiças Holandês x Jersey. Vacas mestiças Holandês x Jersey e Holandês apresentaram perfil energético similar durante o período de transição pré e pós-parto na maioria dos indicadores, com exceção do cálcio, que foi maior nas vacas mestiças, e do fósforo, que foi superior nas vacas Holandês.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Pelizza
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - A. Hauser
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | - D.A. Knob
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - L.L. Cardozo
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - I.P.O. Gomes
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - M. Camera
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Poggio P, Songia P, Chiesa M, Barbieri S, Moschetta D, Valerio V, Cavallotti L, Ferri N, Zanotti I, Camera M. P5091Involvement of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in aortic valvular calcification. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Poggio
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - P Songia
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - M Chiesa
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - S Barbieri
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - D Moschetta
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - V Valerio
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - N Ferri
- University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - M Camera
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Eligini S, Banfi C, Brambilla M, Camera M, Barbieri SS, Poma F, Tremoli E, Colli S. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J2 Inhibits Tissue Factor Expression in Human Macrophages and Endothelial Cells: Evidence for ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway Blockade. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1613247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryBasic and clinical evidence has provided insight into the molecular events that link inflammation and coagulation. Increased expression of tissue factor (TF) by circulating and vascular cells has been indicated as responsible for the thrombotic complications associated with acute and chronic inflammation. TF is indeed inducible in circulating and vascular cells by cytokines and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its expression triggers the coagulation. The cyclopentenone prostaglandins are naturally occurring prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) derivatives that comprises prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) and its metabolites Δ12-PGJ2 and 15-deoxyΔ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). These compounds, detected in vivo in a later phase of the inflammatory response, are characterized by anti-inflammatory activity and participate to the resolution of inflammation. We have here investigated the effect of 15d-PGJ2 on TF expression in human macrophages and endothelial cells (HUVEC). Our results indicate that 15d-PGJ2 down-regulates LPSand TNFα-induced TF activity, protein and mRNA through inhibition of TF gene transcription. The effect of 15d-PGJ2 is targeted to the NF-κB/I-κB pathway and to the mitogen activated protein kinase ERK1/2. A role of PPARγ activation in TF inhibition by 15d-PGJ2 was excluded. We conclude that 15d-PGJ2 negatively affects TF expression in macrophages and endothelial cells through a PPARγ-independent mechanism. This down-regulation may be crucial to limit excessive blood clotting activation in immuno-inflammatory diseases.
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Rossetti L, Ferri N, Marchiano S, Canciani B, Trabattoni D, Santilli F, Davi G, Tremoli E, Camera M. 2210PCSK9 beyond its role in cholesterol homeostasis: co-activator of platelet function. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Cosentino N, Eligini S, Fiorelli S, Fabbiocchi F, Niccoli G, Camera M, Fracassi F, Crea F, Marenzi G, Tremoli E. P1794Pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic phenotype of spontaneously differentiated human monocyte-derived macrophages in coronary heart disease patients: implications for plaque morphology and activity. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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13
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Brambilla M, Canzano P, Lodi L, Rossetti L, Tedesco C, Cavallotti L, Parolari A, Veglia F, Tremoli E, Camera M. P4235Coronary artery bypass graft occlusion: predictive role of procoagulant microparticles. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p4235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zara C, D'Alessandro R, Brambilla M, Chiesa M, Tremoli E, Camera M. P6043Single cell transcriptome analysis in living human platelets from healthy subjects and CAD patients. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p6043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Cavalca V, Rocca B, Veglia F, Petrucci G, Porro B, Myasoedova V, De Cristofaro R, Turnu L, Bonomi A, Songia P, Cavallotti L, Zanobini M, Camera M, Alamanni F, Parolari A, Patrono C, Tremoli E. On-pump Cardiac Surgery Enhances Platelet Renewal and Impairs Aspirin Pharmacodynamics: Effects of Improved Dosing Regimens. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102:849-858. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Cavalca
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
- University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - B Rocca
- Department of Pharmacology; Catholic University; Rome Italy
| | - F Veglia
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
| | - G Petrucci
- Department of Pharmacology; Catholic University; Rome Italy
| | - B Porro
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
| | | | | | - L Turnu
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
- University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - A Bonomi
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
| | - P Songia
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
- University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | | | - M Zanobini
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
| | - M Camera
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
- University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - F Alamanni
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
- University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - A Parolari
- Policlinico San Donato Hospital, IRCCS; San Donato Milanese Italy
| | - C Patrono
- Department of Pharmacology; Catholic University; Rome Italy
| | - E Tremoli
- Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS; Milan Italy
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Rossetti L, Canzano P, Mapelli M, Trabattoni D, Santilli F, Davì G, Lualdi A, Tremoli E, Camera M. Platelet-associated tissue factor as a new mechanism involved in the prothrombotic phenotype of stable angina patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Brambilla M, Gelosa P, Rossetti L, Castiglioni L, Canzano P, Luigi S, Tremoli E, Camera M. Prothrombotic phenotype in hypertension: Contribution of megakaryocyte- and platelet-associated tissue factor expression in stroke-prone rats. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tatarelli P, Garnero M, Del Bono V, Camera M, Schenone A, Grandis M, Benedetti L, Viscoli C. Guillain-Barré syndrome following chickenpox: a case series. Int J Neurosci 2015; 126:478-9. [PMID: 26000930 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2015.1033621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute, immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy, usually triggered by an infectious episode, mostly of viral origin. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a rare cause of GBS, mainly in the case of latent infection reactivation. We report on three adult patients who developed GBS following chickenpox, after a short period of latency. They were promptly treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, and the first one with plasma exchange additionally. All the patients experienced almost complete clinical recovery. Our experience suggests that primary VZV infection constitutes a GBS triggering event.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tatarelli
- a Division of Infectious Diseases , University of Genoa and IRCCS San Martino-IST , Genoa , Italy
| | - M Garnero
- b Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI) , University of Genoa and IRCCS San Martino-IST , Genoa , Italy
| | - V Del Bono
- a Division of Infectious Diseases , University of Genoa and IRCCS San Martino-IST , Genoa , Italy
| | - M Camera
- a Division of Infectious Diseases , University of Genoa and IRCCS San Martino-IST , Genoa , Italy
| | - A Schenone
- b Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI) , University of Genoa and IRCCS San Martino-IST , Genoa , Italy
| | - M Grandis
- b Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI) , University of Genoa and IRCCS San Martino-IST , Genoa , Italy
| | - L Benedetti
- c Neurology Department, S. Andrea Hospital , La Spezia , Italy
| | - C Viscoli
- a Division of Infectious Diseases , University of Genoa and IRCCS San Martino-IST , Genoa , Italy
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Aliperti V, Aragone S, Abramovich I, Figar S, Camera M, de Quiros FGB. P2-7 Mortality and cardiovascular events in patients under treatment with clopidogrel and omeprazole. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976h.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Baldassarre D, Porta B, Camera M, Amato M, Arquati M, Brusoni B, Fiorentini C, Montorsi P, Romano S, Veglia F, Tremoli E, Cortellaro M. Markers of inflammation, thrombosis and endothelial activation correlate with carotid IMT regression in stable coronary disease after atorvastatin treatment. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009; 19:481-490. [PMID: 19171469 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS MIAMI is a prospective multicenter clinical study designed to investigate the relationship between changes in carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) and changes in circulating markers of inflammation, thrombosis and endothelial activation in stable coronary patients treated for 20+/-3.7 months with 20mg/day atorvastatin. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighty-five subjects had their C-IMT, blood lipids and soluble markers measured at baseline, at the 12th month and at the end of the study. Almost all soluble markers decreased upon treatment except for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-18 (IL-18), tissue factor pathway inhibitor-free (TFPI-free) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules-1 (sVCAM-1) which did not change significantly, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) which increased. sCD40L, fibrinogen, tissue factor pathway inhibitor-total (TFPI-total), soluble intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (sICAM-1), sE-selectin, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) changed significantly even after application of the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Changes in lipids did not correlate with C-IMT regression either when considered singly or when combined in a lipid score. Changes in soluble markers correlated poorly with C-IMT regression when analyzed singly, but strongly when combined in relevant composite scores (inflammation/coagulation score, endothelial activation score, soluble markers score and total score). CONCLUSION In patients with stable coronary artery disease treated with moderate doses of atorvastatin, carotid IMT regression correlated with changes of inflammation, thrombosis and endothelial activation profiles.
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Gertow K, Marenzi G, Colombo G, Brambilla M, Ruggiero L, de Metrio M, Tremoli E, Camera M. Abstract: P316 PLATELET TRANSCRIPTOME PROFILING IN STABLE ANGINA AND NON-ST ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)70611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Camera M, Dodi F, Schenone E, Pagano G, Minale P. 115 ENDOCARDITIS TREATMENT AND ANTIBIOTIC HYPERSENSITIVITY. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(09)70134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Porta B, Baldassarre D, Camera M, Amato M, Arquati M, Brusoni B, Fiorentini C, Montorsi P, Romano S, Tremoli E, Cortellaro M. E-selectin and TFPI are associated with carotid intima-media thickness in stable IHD patients: the baseline findings of the MIAMI study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 18:320-328. [PMID: 17889518 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2007.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Revised: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MIAMI was a prospective multicenter clinical study designed to investigate the relationship between changes in carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) and those in the levels of circulating markers of inflammation, thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction. The study was performed in a group of stable coronary patients treated for two years with a moderate dosage of atorvastatin (20mg/day). In this paper the cross-sectional relationship between C-IMT and the same circulating markers of inflammation, thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction measured at baseline was investigated. METHODS Eighty-five subjects that had not used statins for at least two months were enrolled in the study. At time of enrollment, the levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tissue factor (TF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), von Willebrand factor (vWF), fibrinogen, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides were measured, in parallel with C-IMT assessment. RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses, markers of endothelial perturbation (i.e. E-selectin) and TFPI were more strongly correlated with arherosclerotic burden than markers of inflammation. The baseline picture in this study indicates that E-selectin and TFPI are linked with atherosclerotic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Porta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, L. Sacco Hospital, Milan University, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Porta B, Baldassarre D, Camera M, Amato M, Arquati M, Tremoli E, Cortellaro M. E-SELECTIN AND TFPI ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CAROTID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS IN STABLE CORONARY PATIENTS: THE BASELINE FINDINGS OF THE MIAMI STUDY. J Thromb Haemost 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.tb00547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Monetti M, Canavesi M, Camera M, Parente R, Paoletti R, Tremoli E, Corsini A, Bellosta S. Rosuvastatin displays anti-atherothrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties in apoE-deficient mice. Pharmacol Res 2007; 55:441-9. [PMID: 17350858 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation contributes importantly to all stages of atherosclerosis, including the onset of acute thrombotic complications. In clinical trials, statins are beneficial in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Moreover, statins have been shown to possess several pleiotropic properties independent of cholesterol lowering in experimental settings. Based on these premises, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherothrombotic properties of rosuvastatin in vivo, testing its effect on cholesterol and monocyte accumulation, and on adhesion molecules and tissue factor (TF) expression. ApoE-deficient female mice were fed a cholesterol-rich diet containing rosuvastatin (0, 1, 2 or 10 mg kg(-1)d(-1)) for 12 weeks. Treatment with rosuvastatin did not significantly affect either body weight gain or plasma total cholesterol (C) and triglyceride levels. However, rosuvastatin treatment dose-dependently reduced ICAM-1 expression in the aortic valves (V) (up to 40% inhibition, p<0.05) and in the proximal segment of the ascending aorta (AA) (-50%, p<0.001). Similarly, rosuvastatin inhibited VCAM-1 expression in the V (-40%) and in the AA (-35%, p<0.05). Moreover, there was a reduced accumulation of macrophages in the V in a dose-dependent and statistically significant manner (-45%, p<0.01). These anti-inflammatory effects were reflected in a reduction of cholesterol deposition in the entire aorta, both in the free and in the esterified form. Finally, the expression of tissue factor, the most potent pro-thrombogenic agent, was consistently reduced in AA by rosuvastatin treatment (-71%, p<0.001). Altogether, these data demonstrate that rosuvastatin has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherothrombotic activities in apoE-deficient mice that could translate in a beneficial effect on atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monetti
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Brambilla M, Colnago D, Pignieri A, Mussoni L, Tremoli E, Camera M. PO-09 Expression of alternatively spliced tissue factor in human endothelial cells: induction by inflammatory stimuli and modulation by heparins. Thromb Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(07)70162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ballerio R, Brambilla M, Colnago D, Parolari A, Agrifoglio M, Camera M, Tremoli E, Mussoni L. Distinct roles for PAR1- and PAR2-mediated vasomotor modulation in human arterial and venous conduits. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5:174-80. [PMID: 17059415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.02265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patency rates after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are better if the internal mammary artery (IMA) is used rather than the greater saphenous vein (GSV), and may be related to the endothelial release of vasodilators antagonizing vascular contraction. It has recently been shown that a family of protease-activated receptors (PARs) modulate endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and functional role of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in mediating vascular tone in IMAs and GSVs from patients undergoing CABG by means of real time-PCR and isometric tension measurements. RESULTS PAR1 mRNA levels were higher than those of PAR2 mRNA in both vessels. A selective PAR2-activating peptide (PAR2-AP), SLIGKV-NH(2) (0.01-100 micromol L(-1)), failed to induce vasorelaxation in precontracted IMA and GSV rings, whereas the selective PAR1-AP, TFLLR-NH(2) (0.001 to 10 micromol L(-1)), caused greater endothelium-dependent relaxation in the IMAs (pD(2) values 7.25 +/- 0.6 vs. 7.86 +/- 0.42, P < 0.05; E(max) values 56.2 +/- 17.3% vs. 29.7 +/- 13.4%, P < 0.001). Preincubation with TNFalpha (3 nmol L(-1)) induced vasorelaxation in IMAs in response to PAR2-AP (P < 0.05 vs. non-stimulated vessels); the response to PAR1-AP was unchanged. The relaxation induced by both PAR-APs was NO- and endothelium-dependent. CONCLUSION These data show that functionally active PAR1 and PAR2 are present in IMAs and GSVs, and that inflammatory stimuli selectively enhance endothelium-dependent relaxation to PAR2-AP in IMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ballerio
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Maugeri N, Brambilla M, Camera M, Carbone A, Tremoli E, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Cerletti C. Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes produce and express functional tissue factor upon stimulation. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4:1323-30. [PMID: 16706978 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.01968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-borne tissue factor (TF) plays a crucial role in thrombogenesis. AIM To study whether polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are a source of TF. METHODS AND RESULTS Human PMN were carefully separated from other blood cells and stimulated for 3 min with purified P-selectin or the chemotactic peptide formyl-MetLeuPhe (fMLP): they expressed both TF procoagulant activity, as identified by specific TF MoAb and inactivated factor VIIa blockade; and TF:Ag (four to six times), as shown by flow-cytometry and immunocytochemistry. About 40% of permeabilized PMN, both resting and stimulated, contained TF:Ag, indicating that stimulation only modifies the location of TF:Ag within PMN. By real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a very low amount of TF mRNA was detectable in resting PMN, but a 3- to 5-fold increase was observed after 1-h stimulation with P-selectin or fMLP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that TF is not constitutively expressed in peripheral PMN, but can be up-regulated and produced upon stimulation and specific gene transcription, as for instance during contact with activated platelets or endothelium. The stored TF is rapidly expressed in vitro as a functional molecule on the surface of activated PMN. The availability of PMN TF supports the relevance of inflammatory cells and their interaction with platelets for fibrin deposition and thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maugeri
- Research Laboratories, Center for High Technology Research and Education in Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University, Campobasso, Italy.
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Camera M, Frigerio M, Tremoli E. We-W40:6 Platelet associated tissue factor expression: Modulation by nitric oxide. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)81300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ballerio R, Brambilla M, Colnago D, Parolari A, Agrifoglio M, Alamanni F, Camera M, Tremoli E, Mussoni L. Tu-P7:123 Distinct roles for PAR1 and 2-mediated vasomotor modulation in human arterial and venous conduits used in coronary artery by pass surgery. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)80829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Boschetti F, Camera M, Socci L, Spirito R, Di Martino E. Mechanical properties of intraluminal thrombus from abdominal aortic aneurysm under compressive loads. J Biomech 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(06)85506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Brambilla M, Anselmo A, Centenaro C, Tremoli E, Parolari A, Camera M. We-P11:238 Effect of two different doses of aspirin on platelet aggregation and thromboxane formation in patients undergoing CABG. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)81591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Porta B, Camera M, Baldassarre D, Amato M, Arquati M, Tremoli E, Cortellaro M. Tu-P10:457 Inflammatory markers and carotid intima media thickness (C-IMT) in stable IHD patients. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)81158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mannucci PM, Parolari A, Canciani MT, Alemanni F, Camera M. Opposite changes of ADAMTS-13 and von Willebrand factor after cardiac surgery. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3:397-9. [PMID: 15670057 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Risé P, Camera M, Caruso D, Ghezzi S, Visioli F, Galli C. Synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is inhibited in vivo in hypercholesterolemic rabbits and in vitro by oxysterols. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2004; 71:79-86. [PMID: 15207522 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2003.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2003] [Accepted: 12/12/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasma total lipids, total cholesterol (cholesterol esters and free cholesterol) and oxysterol (mainly 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol (7 beta OH)) concentrations were significantly elevated in New Zealand rabbits fed a 2% cholesterol-containing diet with respect to controls fed the same diet without cholesterol. In addition, linoleic (18:2 n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) plasma concentrations were significantly elevated in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, while concentrations of long-chain n-6 and n-3 derivatives were reduced. Studies in monocytic cell line THP-1 revealed that 7 beta OH markedly inhibited the conversion of 18:2 to 20:4 n-6 and of 18:3 to 22:6 n-3, indicating depression of the desaturation steps; in particular the inhibition was greater for the Delta 5 desaturation step. Furthermore, experiments of Real-Time PCR showed that 5-10 microM 7 beta OH decreased the Delta 5 gene expression. In conclusion, atherogenic oxysterols interfere with the production of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from their precursors both in hypercholesterolemic rabbits and in cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Risé
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Tremoli E, Camera M, Colli S. 2WS09-3 Tissue factor as a therapeutic target. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(03)90417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Eligini S, Banfi C, Brambilla M, Camera M, Barbieri SS, Poma F, Tremoli E, Colli S. 15-deoxy-delta12,14-Prostaglandin J2 inhibits tissue factor expression in human macrophages and endothelial cells: evidence for ERK1/2 signaling pathway blockade. Thromb Haemost 2002; 88:524-32. [PMID: 12353085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Basic and clinical evidence has provided insight into the molecular events that link inflammation and coagulation. Increased expression of tissue factor (TF) by circulating and vascular cells has been indicated as responsible for the thrombotic complications associated with acute and chronic inflammation. TF is indeed inducible in circulating and vascular cells by cytokines and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its expression triggers the coagulation. The cyclopentenone prostaglandins are naturally occurring prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) derivatives that comprises prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) and its metabolites delta12-PGJ2 and 15-deoxy- delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). These compounds, detected in vivo in a later phase of the inflammatory response, are characterized by anti-inflammatory activity and participate to the resolution of inflammation. We have here investigated the effect of 15d-PGJ2 on TF expression in human macrophages and endothelial cells (HUVEC). Our results indicate that 15d-PGJ2 down-regulates LPS- and TNFalpha-induced TF activity, protein and mRNA through inhibition of TF gene transcription. The effect of 15d-PGJ2 is targeted to the NF-kappaB/I-kappaB pathway and to the mitogen activated protein kinase ERK1/2. A role of PPAR-gamma activation in TF inhibition by 15d-PGJ2 was excluded. We conclude that 15d-PGJ2 negatively affects TF expression in macrophages and endothelial cells through a PPARgamma-independent mechanism. This down-regulation may be crucial to limit excessive blood clotting activation in immuno-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eligini
- E. Grossi Paoletti Center, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
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Meroni PL, Raschi E, Testoni C, Tincani A, Balestrieri G, Molteni R, Khamashta MA, Tremoli E, Camera M. Statins prevent endothelial cell activation induced by antiphospholipid (anti-beta2-glycoprotein I) antibodies: effect on the proadhesive and proinflammatory phenotype. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44:2870-8. [PMID: 11762948 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200112)44:12<2870::aid-art475>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the ability of statins, the inhibitors of the hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase enzyme, to affect endothelial cell activation induced by anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (anti-beta2GPI) antibodies in vitro. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) activation was evaluated as U937 monocyte adhesion, E-selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule I (ICAM-1) expression by cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and as interleukin-6 (IL-6) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by RNA protection assay. E-selectin-specific nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) DNA-binding activity was evaluated by the gel-shift assay. HUVECs were activated by polyclonal affinity-purified IgG, human monoclonal IgM anti-beta2GPI antibodies, human recombinant IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RESULTS Fluvastatin reduced, in a concentration-dependent manner (1-10 microM), the adhesion of U937 to HUVECs and the expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 induced by anti-beta2GPI antibodies as well as by cytokines or LPS. Another lipophilic statin, simvastatin, displayed similar effects but to a lesser extent than fluvastatin. The inhibition of E-selectin expression exerted by fluvastatin was related to the impairment of NF-kappaB binding to DNA. Moreover, the drug attenuated the expression of IL-6 mRNA in HUVEC exposed to anti-beta2GPI antibodies or cytokines. Incubation of HUVECs with mevalonate (100 microM), concomitantly with fluvastatin, greatly prevented the inhibitory effect of statin. CONCLUSION Endothelial activation mediated by anti-beta2GPI antibody can be inhibited by statins. Because of the suggested role of endothelial cell activation in the pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), our data provide, for the first time, a rationale for using statins as an additional therapeutic tool in APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Meroni
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
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Tremoli E, Colli S, Camera M, Banfi C, Mussoni L. Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis as a new antithrombotic strategy. Haematologica 2001; 86:35. [PMID: 11926773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Tremoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche, Università di Milano, Italy
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Meroni PL, Raschi E, Camera M, Testoni C, Nicoletti F, Tincani A, Khamashta MA, Balestrieri G, Tremoli E, Hess DC. Endothelial activation by aPL: a potential pathogenetic mechanism for the clinical manifestations of the syndrome. J Autoimmun 2000; 15:237-40. [PMID: 10968917 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.2000.0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P L Meroni
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Dept. Int. Medicine--University of Milan, IRCCS Ist. Auxologico Italiano, Italy.
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Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Tissue factor (TF), the initiator of blood coagulation, plays a pivotal role in arterial thrombosis that occurs after atherosclerotic plaque fissuring. Because monocytes synthesize TF and contain several components of the renin-angiotensin system, we investigated the possibility that ACE inhibitors could modulate monocyte TF expression. Mononuclear leukocytes from healthy volunteers were incubated with endotoxin in the presence or absence of different ACE inhibitors. Captopril reduced TF expression in endotoxin-stimulated mononuclear leukocytes, as measured by a 1-stage clotting assay and ELISA analysis, by approximately 60%. The effect was dose-dependent and was attributable to ACE inhibition, given that other ACE inhibitors, such as idrapril or fosinopril, and losartan, an antagonist of the angiotensin II AT(1) receptor, caused a comparable reduction in TF activity. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction indicated that endotoxin-mediated increased levels of TF mRNA were inhibited by ACE inhibitors. Moreover, endotoxin-induced nuclear factor-kappaB translocation to the promoter region of the gene encoding for TF was markedly inhibited by captopril. The finding that ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II AT(1) antagonists can potentially modulate TF expression by mononuclear cells has important biological and therapeutic implications for the evolution of thrombi. Our results suggest that the anti-ischemic effect of these drugs might be explained, at least in part, by their ability to reduce TF expression in monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Napoleone
- "Antonio Taticchi" Unit for Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, Department of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, S Maria Imbaro, Italy
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Abstract
Thrombosis is a key feature of the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae. Acute thrombosis can lead to arterial occlusion and consequently provoke myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke and sudden death. Acute thrombosis can also be a complication of arterial bypass surgery, balloon angioplasty, atherectomy, or coronary artery stenting. The thrombotic response is influenced by several factors, among them the thrombogenicity of the vessel wall and of certain blood components as well as their interaction with the lipid pool. Tissue factor (TF) is considered to be the primary cofactor of cellular origin that is involved in activation of the coagulation pathway. The active form of TF has been shown to be present in specimens of human coronary artery in association both with acellular lipid areas and with macrophages and smooth muscle cells, which suggests that TF plays a major role in determining plaque thrombogenicity. We discuss here what is currently known about the role of tissue factor in atherogenesis, and focus attention on pharmacological approaches in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tremoli
- Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, E. Grossi Paoletti Center, University of Milan, Italy.
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Della Bella S, Mussoni L, Molteni M, Colli S, Zulian C, Camera M, Tremoli E, Scorza R. Endothelial tissue factor induction by T lymphocytes in systemic sclerosis. Clin Rheumatol 1999; 18:38-41. [PMID: 10088947 DOI: 10.1007/s100670050049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the ability of circulating T lymphocytes obtained from patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) to induce the expression of tissue factor (TF) by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and compared the results with those obtained from healthy controls. Nine patients with SSc and 10 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects were studied. Peripheral T lymphocytes obtained from SSc patients induced TF activity from HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. A significant induction of endothelial TF was observed when 2 x 10(6) lymphocytes per well (TF values, mean+/-SD: 0.34+0.21U/microg of cell protein vs 0.04+/-0.03; n = 9, p = 0.001) or 1 x 10(6) lymphocytes per well (0.13+/-0.06 vs 0.04+/-0.04; n = 8, p<0.001) were added to HUVEC cultures. Lower concentrations of T lymphocytes were ineffective. Similar results were obtained with control lymphocytes. There were no differences in endothelial TF induction between patients and controls at any lymphocyte concentration tested. Within the SSc group, there were no correlations between TF activity and clinical features or disease duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Della Bella
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Camera M, Giesen PL, Fallon J, Aufiero BM, Taubman M, Tremoli E, Nemerson Y. Cooperation between VEGF and TNF-alpha is necessary for exposure of active tissue factor on the surface of human endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:531-7. [PMID: 10073954 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.19.3.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to characterize tissue factor (TF) induction, localization, and functional activity in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor (rVEGF) and recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-alpha). rVEGF (1 nmol/L) and rTNF-alpha (500 U/mL) synergistically increased TF mRNA, protein, and total activity, as measured in cell lysates. To examine surface TF expression, living cells were treated with antibody to TF and examined microscopically. Almost no staining was seen in control cells or cells treated with a single agent. In contrast, cells treated with both agonists showed intense membrane staining with surface patches, appearing as buds by confocal microscopy. To determine surface TF activity, studies were performed using a parallel-plate flow chamber, which allows detection of factor Xa generation on living cells. rVEGF and rTNF-alpha induced little surface TF activity (0.032+/-0.008 and 0.014+/-0.008 fmol/cm2, respectively). In combination, they significantly increased TF expression on the cell surface (0.429+/-0.094 fmol/cm2, P<0.05). These data indicate that the synergistic effect of rVEGF and rTNF-alpha is necessary to generate functional TF on the surface of endothelial cells. The requirement for multiple agonists to expose active TF may serve to protect endothelial cells from acting as a procoagulant surface, even under conditions of cell perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Camera
- Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Gatti G, Alessandrini A, Camera M, Di Biagio A, Bassetti M, Rizzo F. Influence of indinavir and ritonavir on warfarin anticoagulant activity. AIDS 1998; 12:825-6. [PMID: 9619821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Camera M, Hajjar KA, Pan S, Szabo P, Vicart P, Paulin D, Weksler BB. Profibrinolytic properties characterize a stably transformed human endothelial cell line. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1998; 9:153-65. [PMID: 9622213 DOI: 10.1097/00001721-199803000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A stable immortalized venous endothelial cell (IVEC) line, obtained by transfection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), retains many normal differentiated endothelial characteristics. We compared the fibrinolytic activities of IVEC and HUVEC, and observed that IVEC express a more profibrinolytic phenotype than HUVEC, since they bind and activate plasminogen more efficiently, produce more tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase-type plasminogen activator antigens, and secrete less plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen both under basal conditions and after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, phorbol ester and tumor necrosis factor. Moreover, immunostaining and Western blotting of IVEC for the plasminogen/tissue plasminogen activator receptor annexin II, as well as Northern blotting of annexin II mRNA, revealed similar patterns of surface expression in IVEC and HUVEC. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 is expressed similarly in both cell types. IVEC may be a useful human model for functional and pharmacological explorations and modulations of fibrinolytic system components.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Camera
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Camera M, Gaviraghi M, Tremoli E. 3.P.197 Fluvastatin inhibits TNFα- and LPS-induced c-Rel/p65 nuclear translocation and tissue factor expression in human endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)89271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Colli S, Eligini S, Lalli M, Camera M, Paoletti R, Tremoli E. Vastatins inhibit tissue factor in cultured human macrophages. A novel mechanism of protection against atherothrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17:265-72. [PMID: 9081680 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.17.2.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effect of fluvastatin, the first entirely synthetic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor that is structurally different from other vastatins, on tissue factor (TF) expression in human macrophages spontaneously differentiated in culture from blood monocytes. Fluvastatin decreased TF activity in a dose-dependent manner (1 to 5 mumol/L) in both unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and this reduction paralleled the decrease in immunologically recognized TF protein. The same results were obtained with another lipophilic vastatin, simvastatin, but not with hydrophilic pravastatin. The reduction in TF expression was also observed in macrophages enriched in cholesterol after exposure to 50 micrograms/mL acetylated low density lipoprotein. The inhibitory effect of fluvastatin on TF activity and antigen was fully reversible by coincubation with 100 mumol/L mevalonate or 10 mumol/L all-trans-geranylgeraniol but not with dolichol, farnesol, or geraniol. Suppression of TF antigen and activity was accompanied by a diminution in TF mRNA levels, which was completely prevented by mevalonate. Furthermore, fluvastatin impaired bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced binding of c-Rel/p65 heterodimers to a kappa B site in the TF promoter, indicating that this drug influences induction of the TF gene. We conclude that lipophilic vastatins inhibit TF expression in macrophages, and because this effect is prevented by mevalonate and geranylgeraniol, a geranylgeranylated protein plays a crucial role in the regulation of TF biosynthesis. The suppression of TF in macrophages by vastatins indicates a potential mechanism by which these drugs interfere with the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque as well as thrombotic events in hyperlipidemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Colli
- E. Grossi Paoletti Center, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
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Sironi L, Mussoni L, Prati L, Baldassarre D, Camera M, Banfi C, Tremoli E. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 synthesis and mRNA expression in HepG2 cells are regulated by VLDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996; 16:89-96. [PMID: 8548432 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.16.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of VLDL on plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 biosynthesis in HepG2 cells was investigated. Exposure of HepG2 cells to VLDL (range, 10 to 100 micrograms protein per milliliter) for 16 hours resulted in an enhanced release of PAI-1 antigen and PAI activity into conditioned medium, accompanied by the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides. By using a monoclonal antibody (IgG C7) specific to the LDL receptor, we showed that the effect of VLDL is mediated by its interaction with the LDL receptor. Enhanced PAI-1 release was due to increased biosynthesis: PAI-1 mRNA was doubled, mainly because of the effect on the 2.2-kb PAI-1 mRNA rather than the 3.2-kb transcript. Addition of insulin with the VLDL further enhanced PAI-1 antigen release and PAI-1 mRNA accumulation. The effect of VLDL on steady state levels of PAI-1 mRNA was apparently not due to an increase of gene transcription but to stabilization of both PAI-1 mRNA transcripts. The enhancing effect of VLDL on PAI-1 biosynthesis in HepG2 cells may raise PAI-1 antigen levels not only in hypertriglyceridemic states but also in those conditions in which both insulin and VLDL are elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sironi
- Institute of Pharmacological Sciences and E. Grossi Paoletti Center, University of Milan, Italy
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Stragliotto E, Camera M, Postiglione A, Sirtori M, Di Minno G, Tremoli E. Functionally abnormal monocytes in hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb 1993; 13:944-50. [PMID: 8388715 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.13.6.944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated some functions of monocytes from 20 type IIa hypercholesterolemic (HC) and five homozygous familial hypercholesterolemic (FH) patients. Monocytes from the HC patients contained as much cholesterol and formed as much thromboxane B2 in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or calcium ionophore A23187 as those from normal individuals. In contrast, the generation of prostaglandin E2 and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha in response to these agonists was 1.5-3 times normal, and that of leukotriene B4 was 40-60% of the normal value (p < 0.05 for all). Studies in which the combination of fMLP or A23187 with sodium arachidonate were employed suggested that these abnormalities were independent of the availability of the endogenous substrate for the lipoxygenase or cyclooxygenase enzymes. Quantitatively and qualitatively comparable abnormalities were found in monocytes from the five FH patients, and these were little affected when the patients' plasma cholesterol levels were almost normalized by low density lipoprotein apheresis. In keeping with the abnormalities in the eicosanoid metabolism, monocytes from HC patients exhibited a defective ability (p < 0.05) to generate O2-, the extent of which was correlated with the impaired formation of leukotriene B4. On the other hand, adhesion studies indicated that patients' cells exhibited an abnormally high ability to adhere to glass (p < 0.01). These data indicate the presence of functionally abnormal monocytes in hypercholesterolemia and suggest a direction to be followed to understand the importance of such cells in the premature atherosclerosis that occurs in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stragliotto
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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