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Jiang WJ, Xu CT, Du CL, Dong JH, Xu SB, Hu BF, Feng R, Zang DD, Meng XM, Huang C, Li J, Ma TT. Tubular epithelial cell-to-macrophage communication forms a negative feedback loop via extracellular vesicle transfer to promote renal inflammation and apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy. Theranostics 2022; 12:324-339. [PMID: 34987648 PMCID: PMC8690920 DOI: 10.7150/thno.63735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Macrophage infiltration around lipotoxic tubular epithelial cells (TECs) is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, how these two types of cells communicate remains obscure. We previously demonstrated that LRG1 was elevated in the process of kidney injury. Here, we demonstrated that macrophage-derived, LRG1-enriched extracellular vesicles (EVs) exacerbated DN. Methods: We induced an experimental T2DM mouse model with a HFD diet for four months. Renal primary epithelial cells and macrophage-derived EVs were isolated from T2D mice by differential ultracentrifugation. To investigate whether lipotoxic TEC-derived EV (EVe) activate macrophages, mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were incubated with EVe. To investigate whether activated macrophage-derived EVs (EVm) induce lipotoxic TEC apoptosis, EVm were cocultured with primary renal tubular epithelial cells. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of LRG1 in EVe by investigating the apoptosis mechanism. Results: We demonstrated that incubation of primary TECs of DN or HK-2 mTECs with lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) increased the release of EVe. Interestingly, TEC-derived EVe activated an inflammatory phenotype in macrophages and induced the release of macrophage-derived EVm. Furthermore, EVm could induce apoptosis in TECs injured by LPC. Importantly, we found that leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1)-enriched EVe activated macrophages via a TGFβR1-dependent process and that tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-enriched EVm induced apoptosis in injured TECs via a death receptor 5 (DR5)-dependent process. Conclusion: Our findings indicated a novel cell communication mechanism between tubular epithelial cells and macrophages in DN, which could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Shen Y, Xie L, Chen X, Mao L, Qin Y, Lan R, Yang S, Hu J, Li X, Ye H, Luo W, Gong L, Li Q, Mao Y, Wang Z. Renal fat fraction is significantly associated with the risk of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:995028. [PMID: 36246918 PMCID: PMC9562804 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.995028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Ectopic fat deposition is closely related to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Currently, there are few population studies that have been conducted to determine the relationship between renal parenchyma fat deposition and the risk of CKD among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, we employed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect renal parenchyma fat content in individuals with T2DM, expressed as renal fat fraction (FF), to explore whether renal FF is an important risk factor for CKD in patients with T2DM. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 189 subjects with T2DM were enrolled. CKD was defined as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<60 mL/min/1.73m2. Measurement of the renal FF was performed on a 3.0-T MRI (MAGNETOM Skyra, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between tertiles of renal FF and risk of CKD. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of renal FF in detecting CKD in T2DM patients. RESULTS The patients were divided into three groups according to tertiles of the renal FF level (2.498 - 7.434). As renal FF increases, patients tend to be older, and more abdominally obese, with a decreased eGFR (p<0.05). After adjustment for potential confounders, patients in the highest tertile of renal FF had a significantly increased risk of CKD than those in the lowest tertile (odds ratio (OR) = 3.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12 - 14.09, p = 0.032), and the area under the ROC curve for this model was 0.836 (0.765-0.907). CONCLUSIONS The renal FF is significantly independently associated with CKD in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianghua Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Lan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shumin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanwen Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjin Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lilin Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Mao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihong Wang, ; Yun Mao,
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihong Wang, ; Yun Mao,
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Mohseni-Moghaddam P, Ghobadian R, Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar H. Dementia in Diabetes mellitus and Atherosclerosis; Two Interrelated Systemic Diseases. Brain Res Bull 2022; 181:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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Qi L, Kang N, Chen X, Li Z, Deng C, Chen S. Predictive Value of Plasma Atherogenic Index for Microalbuminuria in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1245-1252. [PMID: 35480850 PMCID: PMC9037712 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s359811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to explore the predictive value of plasma atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) for microalbuminuria (MAU) in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS This study was a retrospective study, which included 335 newly diagnosed T2DM patients. They were divided into microalbuminuria group (group A, n = 105 cases) and no microalbuminuria group (group B, n = 230 cases) according to whether microalbuminuria occurred. General information and laboratory examination indexes of patients were collected, and AIP was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors of microalbuminuria in T2DM patients, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was established to evaluate the predictive value of AIP on MAU of newly diagnosed T2DM patients. RESULTS According to general data analysis, AIP level in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that AIP was an independent risk factor for microalbuminuria (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of AIP was 0.772 (P < 0.05), which had a good predictive value for the occurrence of MAU in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. The waist-hip ratio, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and AIP were used to make a joint model, and the AUC was 0.841 (P < 0.05), which had a better predictive value for the occurrence of MAU. CONCLUSIONS AIP is an independent risk factor and could predict the occurrence of MAU in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. AIP provides clinicians a reliable basis to quickly identify high-risk patients and formulate appropriate treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licui Qi
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Kang
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zelin Li
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenqian Deng
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shuchun Chen, Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Lu CF, Liu WS, Chen ZH, Hua LY, Wang XQ, Huang HY. Comparisons of the Relationships Between Multiple Lipid Indices and Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:888599. [PMID: 35873008 PMCID: PMC9301491 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.888599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is a well-recognized risk factor for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Growing evidences have shown that compared with the traditional lipid parameters, some lipid ratios may provide additional information of lipid metabolism. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate which lipid index was most related to DKD. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional study that enrolled patients with T2D from January 2021 to October 2021. Each participant was screened for DKD, and the diagnostic criterion for DKD is estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g for 3 months. Fasting blood was collected to determine lipid profiles by an automatic biochemical analyzer, and lipid ratios were calculated based on corresponding lipid parameters. Spearman's correlation analyses were conducted to assess the correlations between lipid indices and kidney injury indices, and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between lipid indices and the risk of DKD. RESULTS A total of 936 patients with T2D were enrolled in the study, 144 (15.38%) of whom had DKD. The LDL-C/Apo B ratios were positively correlated with eGFR (r = 0.146, p < 0.05) and inversely correlated to cystatin C and UACR (r = -0.237 and -0.120, both p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that even after adjusting for other clinical covariates, the LDL-C/Apo B ratios were negatively related to DKD, and the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.481 (0.275-0.843). Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed that compared with patients with normal lipid profiles and a high LDL-C/Apo B ratio, the odds ratio of DKD in patients with normal lipid metabolism and a low LDL-C/Apo B ratio was 2.205 (1.136-4.280) after adjusting for other clinical covariates. CONCLUSION In patients with T2D, the LDL-c/Apo B ratio was most closely associated with DKD among various lipid indices, and a lower LDL-C/Apo B ratio was associated with increased risks of DKD among patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-feng Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Chun-feng Lu, ; Xue-qin Wang, ; Hai-yan Huang,
| | - Wang-shu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Zhen-hua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Ling-yan Hua
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Xue-qin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Chun-feng Lu, ; Xue-qin Wang, ; Hai-yan Huang,
| | - Hai-yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Chun-feng Lu, ; Xue-qin Wang, ; Hai-yan Huang,
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Yang M, Luo S, Yang J, Chen W, He L, Liu D, Zhao L, Wang X. Lipid droplet - mitochondria coupling: A novel lipid metabolism regulatory hub in diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1017387. [PMID: 36387849 PMCID: PMC9640443 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1017387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) involves serious lipid metabolism disorder, and renal ectopic lipid deposition aggravates DN progression. However, the molecular mechanism of renal lipid deposition in DN remains unclear. Lipid droplets (LDs) are lipid pools in cells that change dynamically in response to the cellular energy needs. The LDs and mitochondria are connected through a part of the mitochondria known as the peridroplet mitochondria (PDM). In this review, we summarize the definition, detection methods, and function of the PDM. Finally, we discuss the research status of PDM in DN and the possibility of its use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Wang,
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Thongnak L, Pengrattanachot N, Promsan S, Phengpol N, Sutthasupha P, Chatsudthipong V, Lungkaphin A. The combination of dapagliflozin and statins ameliorates renal injury through attenuating the activation of inflammasome-mediated autophagy in insulin-resistant rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22978. [PMID: 34939712 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Long-term use of a high-fat diet with high-fructose (HFF) intake could promote insulin resistance and induce lipid accumulation leading to kidney injury possibly via impairment of the autophagy process and enhancement of the inflammasome pathway. We investigated whether dapagliflozin as a monotherapy or combined with atorvastatin could restore kidney autophagy impairment and reduce inflammasome activation associated with kidney injury induced by HFF consumption. Male Wistar rats were given an HFF for 16 weeks and then treated with dapagliflozin with or without atorvastatin for 4 weeks. Impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, renal lipid accumulation along with impaired renal autophagy and activated inflammasome pathway promoted renal injury were exhibited in HFF rats. Dapagliflozin with or without atorvastatin treatment could partially restore disrupted metabolic parameters and reduce kidney injury. In particular, the combination treatment group showed significant amelioration of inflammasome activation and autophagy impairment. In conclusion, the combination therapy of dapagliflozin and atorvastatin has a positive effect on renal injury associated with autophagy and inflammasome activation induced by HFF in insulin-resistant rats. This study is the first report demonstrating the underlying mechanism associated with a combination treatment of dapagliflozin and atorvastatin on autophagy and inflammasome pathways in an insulin-resistant condition. Therefore, dapagliflozin in combination with atorvastatin may be a further preventive or therapeutic strategy for chronic kidney disease in an insulin-resistant or diabetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laongdao Thongnak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Sasivimon Promsan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nichakorn Phengpol
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Prempree Sutthasupha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Varanuj Chatsudthipong
- Research Center of Transport Protein for Medical Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Functional Food Research Center for Well-Being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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The Mitochondrial-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane and Its Role in Diabetic Nephropathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8054817. [PMID: 34777695 PMCID: PMC8589504 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8054817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) is located between the outer mitochondrial membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The MAM is involved in a wide range of cellular functions, including calcium signaling, the division and fusion of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the synthesis and transport of lipids. Recent studies have discovered that the MAM is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this article, we summarize the structure, function and role of the MAM in DN. We hope this study will provide clues and a theoretical basis for mechanistic and targeted drug research on DN.
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Wang H, Zhang S, Guo J. Lipotoxic Proximal Tubular Injury: A Primary Event in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:751529. [PMID: 34760900 PMCID: PMC8573085 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.751529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is a complex process that has a great relationship with lipotoxicity. Since the concept of “nephrotoxicity” was proposed, many studies have confirmed that lipotoxicity plays a significant role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy and causes various renal dysfunction. This review will make a brief summary of renal injury caused by lipotoxicity that occurs primarily and predominantly in renal tubules during diabetic progression, further leading to glomerular dysfunction. The latest research suggests that lipotoxicity-mediated tubular injury may be a major event in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Morroniside Promotes PGC-1 α-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux in Sodium Palmitate or High Glucose-Induced Mouse Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9942152. [PMID: 34485530 PMCID: PMC8410408 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9942152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipid deposition is an etiology of renal damage caused by lipid metabolism disorder in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Thus, reducing lipid deposition is a feasible strategy for the treatment of DN. Morroniside (MOR), an iridoid glycoside isolated from the Chinese herb Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., is considered to be an effective drug in inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing inflammatory response, and countering apoptosis. To explore the protective mechanism of MOR in attenuating renal lipotoxicity in DN, we investigated the effect of MOR on an in vitro model of lipid metabolism disorder of DN established by stimulating mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (mRTECs) with sodium palmitate (PA) or high glucose (HG). Oil Red O and filipin cholesterol staining assays were used to determine intracellular lipid accumulation status. Results revealed that PA or HG stimulation inhibited the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), liver X receptors (LXR), ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), ABCG1, and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in mRTECs as evidenced by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR, resulting in increased intracellular lipid deposition. Interestingly, MOR upregulated expressions of PGC-1α, LXR, ABCA1, ABCG1, and ApoE, thus reducing cholesterol accumulation in mRTECs, suggesting that MOR might promote cholesterol efflux from mRTECs via the PGC-1α/LXR pathway. Of note, silencing PGC-1α reversed the promotive effect of MOR on PA- or HG-induced cellular cholesterol accumulation. In conclusion, our results suggest that MOR has a protective effect on mRTECs under high lipid or high glucose conditions, which may be related to the promotion of intracellular cholesterol efflux mediated by PGC-1α.
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Chen H, Jin G. Downregulation of Salusin-β protects renal tubular epithelial cells against high glucose-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and lipid accumulation via suppressing miR-155-5p. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6155-6165. [PMID: 34482798 PMCID: PMC8806677 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1972900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main contributor to the excess mortality for patients suffering from diabetes. Here, C57BL/6 mice received 4 weeks of high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of STZ (100 mg/kg). Mice with random blood glucose level ≥16.7 mmol/L and positive urine protein were recognized as successful DN model. To construct an in vitro model, HK-2 cells were incubated with 30 mM glucose. RT-qPCR and western blot were employed to measure Salusin-β levels in kidney tissues of DN mice and HG-induced HK-2 cells. Meanwhile, RT-qPCR was performed to detect miR-155-5p level in kidney tissues of DN mice and HG-induced HK-2 cells. TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, ROS, SOD and CAT levels were assessed using commercial assay kits. Furthermore, apoptosis of HK-2 cells was assessed via flow cytometric analysis and TUNEL staining. In addition, intracellular lipid accumulation and total cholesterol levels were detected using Oil red O staining and TC ELISA kit. Herein, Salusin-β and miR-155-5p levels were distinctly upregulated in kidney tissues of DN mice and HG-induced HK-2 cells. Downregulation of Salusin-β reduced miR-155-5p expression. Salusin-β silencing dramatically relieved inflammatory and oxidative injury, suppressed apoptosis as well as lipid accumulation induced by HG in HK-2 cells. Besides, miR-155-5p elevation partially abrogated the alleviating effects Salusin-β silencing on HG-induced RTEC injury. In summary, downregulation of Salusin-β protected HK-2 cells against HG-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and ameliorated lipid accumulation through suppressing miR-155-5p, which indicated that Salusin-β could be a potential therapeutic drug for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nantong No.2 People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Genjuan Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Yu Z, Zhang W, Li B, Bao P, Wang F, Sun J, Song G, Yin L, Nan Z. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with Chinese Herbal Medicine for diabetic nephropathy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27087. [PMID: 34477143 PMCID: PMC8416003 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications in the development of diabetes mellitus, which has become the main cause of end-stage renal disease and one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients. With the prevalence of diabetes, the number of patients at risk for developing DN is increasing, with 20-40 percent of all patients with diabetes at risk for developing DN. Acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine treatments are often combined to treat DN; however, there has been no meta-analysis on their synergistic effects. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the effectiveness of acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine for DN treatment. METHODS Nine electronic databases were retrieved for this study. The English databases mainly retrieved PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, AMED, and the Cochrane Library, while the CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang databases were used to retrieve the Chinese literature. There is no definite time limit for the retrieval literature, and the languages are limited to Chinese and English. We will consider articles published between database initiation and August 2021. We used Review Manager 5.4, provided by the Cochrane Collaborative Network for statistical analysis. Clinical randomized controlled trials related to acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine for DN were included in this study. Research selection, data extraction, and research quality assessments were independently completed by two researchers. We then assessed the quality and risk of the included studies and observed the outcome measures. RESULTS This study provides a high-quality synthesis to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine for treating DN. CONCLUSION This systematic review will provide evidence to determine whether acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine is an effective and safe intervention for patients with DN. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol of the systematic review does not require ethical approval because it does not involve humans. This article will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences. REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY202180018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Yu
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Formulas of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Borui Li
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
| | - Pengjie Bao
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Fengyang Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jian Sun
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Guojiao Song
- Gynecology of Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jilin Province
| | - Lu Yin
- Gynecology of Chinese Medicine, Traditional Medical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Zheng Nan
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
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Demir S, Nawroth PP, Herzig S, Ekim Üstünel B. Emerging Targets in Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Complications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100275. [PMID: 34319011 PMCID: PMC8456215 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic, chronic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose levels. Although a large drug portfolio exists to keep the blood glucose levels under control, these medications are not without side effects. More importantly, once diagnosed diabetes is rarely reversible. Dysfunctions in the kidney, retina, cardiovascular system, neurons, and liver represent the common complications of diabetes, which again lack effective therapies that can reverse organ injury. Overall, the molecular mechanisms of how type 2 diabetes develops and leads to irreparable organ damage remain elusive. This review particularly focuses on novel targets that may play role in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Further research on these targets may eventually pave the way to novel therapies for the treatment-or even the prevention-of type 2 diabetes along with its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgican Demir
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center MunichIngolstädter Landstr. 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Joint Heidelberg ‐ IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramInternal Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
- DZDDeutsches Zentrum für DiabetesforschungIngolstädter Landstraße 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Peter P. Nawroth
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center MunichIngolstädter Landstr. 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Joint Heidelberg ‐ IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramInternal Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
- DZDDeutsches Zentrum für DiabetesforschungIngolstädter Landstraße 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center MunichIngolstädter Landstr. 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Joint Heidelberg ‐ IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramInternal Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
- DZDDeutsches Zentrum für DiabetesforschungIngolstädter Landstraße 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Bilgen Ekim Üstünel
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center MunichIngolstädter Landstr. 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Joint Heidelberg ‐ IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramInternal Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
- DZDDeutsches Zentrum für DiabetesforschungIngolstädter Landstraße 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
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Zheng G, Tan Y, Shang Y, Liu Y, Hu B, Wang D, Han L, Wang Z, Zhang W, Ti Y, Zhong M. CIDEC silencing attenuates diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting apoptosis and promoting autophagy. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1336-1345. [PMID: 33655702 PMCID: PMC8354488 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector C (CIDEC) in insulin resistance has been established, and it is considered to be an important trigger factor for the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We intend to explore whether CIDEC plays an important role in the regulation of DN and its potential mechanism. METHODS High-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin were used to establish type 2 diabetic rat model. We investigate the role of CIDEC in the pathogenesis and process of DN through histopathological analysis, western blot and gene silencing. Meanwhile, the effect of CIDEC on renal tubular epithelial cells stimulated by high glucose was also verified. RESULTS DM group exhibited glucose and lipid metabolic disturbance, with hypertrophy of kidneys, damaged renal function, increased apoptosis, decreased autophagy, glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. CIDEC gene silencing improved metabolic disorder and insulin resistance, alleviated renal hypertrophy and renal function damage, decreased glomerular and tubular apoptosis, increased autophagy and inhibited renal fibrosis. At the cellular level, high glucose stimulation increased CIDEC expression in renal tubular epithelial cells, accompanied by increased apoptosis and decreased autophagy. CIDEC gene silencing can improve autophagy and reduce apoptosis. At the molecular level, CIDEC gene silencing also decreased the expression of early growth response factor (EGR)1 and increased the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). CONCLUSION CIDEC gene silencing may delay the progression of DN by restoring autophagy activity and inhibiting apoptosis with the participation of EGR1and ATGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao‐shu Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyCheeloo College of MedicineQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yan‐min Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyCheeloo College of MedicineQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Yuan‐yuan Shang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyCheeloo College of MedicineQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Ya‐peng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyCheeloo College of MedicineQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Bo‐ang Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyCheeloo College of MedicineQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Di Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyCheeloo College of MedicineQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyCheeloo College of MedicineQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of General PracticeCheeloo College of MedicineQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Zhi‐hao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyCheeloo College of MedicineQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular ProteomicsDepartment of Geriatric MedicineCheeloo College of MedicineQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyCheeloo College of MedicineQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Yun Ti
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyCheeloo College of MedicineQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyCheeloo College of MedicineQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
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Kong Y, Zhao X, Qiu M, Lin Y, Feng P, Li S, Liang B, Zhu Q, Huang H, Li C, Wang W. Tubular Mas receptor mediates lipid-induced kidney injury. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:110. [PMID: 33479200 PMCID: PMC7817966 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related kidney diseases are becoming serious health problems worldwide, yet the mechanism by which obesity causes kidney injury is not fully understood. The purpose of current study was to investigate the role of Mas receptor in lipid-induced kidney injury. In mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD), the protein abundance of markers of autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and apoptosis was dramatically increased in the kidney cortex, which was markedly prevented by Mas deletion (Mas-/-) or Mas receptor antagonist A779. Palmitic acid (PA) induced persistently increased autophagy, ER stress, and apoptosis as well as mitochondrial injuries in primary cultured proximal tubular cells from wild type, but not from Mas-/- mice. In human proximal tubular HK2 cells, PA-induced autophagy and ER stress was aggravated by Mas agonists Ang (1-7) or AVE0991, but attenuated by A779 or Mas knockdown. Stimulation of Mas resulted in elevated intracellular calcium levels [Ca2+]i in HK2 cells treated with PA, whereas inhibition or knockdown of Mas decreased [Ca2+]i. Mitochondrial outer membrane located voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1) was markedly upregulated in HK2 cells treated with PA, which was associated with impaired mitochondrial morphology and depolarization. These were enhanced by AVE0991 and suppressed by A779 or Mas knockdown. Mas knockdown in HK2 cells prevented impaired interactions among VDAC1, autophagy adaptor P62, and ubiquitin, induced by PA, leading to a potential ubiquitination of VDAC1. In conclusion, Mas receptor-mediated lipid-induced impaired autophagy and ER stress in the kidney, likely contributing to tubular injuries in obesity-related kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglun Kong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoduo Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Miaojuan Qiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Research Center, The Seventh Affliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospitial, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Pinning Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suchun Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Baien Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Qi L, Kang N, Li Y, Zhao H, Chen S. The Predictive Value of Visceral Adiposity Index and Lipid Accumulation Index for Microalbuminuria in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1107-1115. [PMID: 33737822 PMCID: PMC7961207 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s302761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the predictive value of visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation index (LAP) for microalbuminuria (MAU) in patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 335 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM patients from Hebei General Hospital. All the patients aged from 18 to 65 years old include 226 males and 109 females. Patients information and blood indicators were Collected and calculated the LAP and VAI scores. All the patients were divided into males (group A) and females (group B), and these groups were then further subdivided into A1 group which arises microalbuminuria, and A2 group which does not. With the same method, women were divided into B1 group and B2 group. RESULTS Baseline data analysis showed that LAP and VAI levels in A1 and B1 groups were significantly higher than those in A2 and B2 groups (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that fasting blood glucose, waist circumference, LAP, and VAI were independent risk factors for the occurrence of microalbuminuria in both males and females. ROC showed that the area under curve (AUC) of waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, LAP and VAI in male patients were 0.626, 0.676, 0.760 and 0.742, respectively, and in female patients were 0.703, 0.685, 0.787 and 0.764, respectively. In addition, the area under the curve of both LAP and VAI was higher in females than in males. CONCLUSION This study confirmed that both LAP and VAI had predictive values for the occurrence of urinary microalbumin in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. The predictive value was higher in the female group and the suggestion was more applicable to female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licui Qi
- Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, People’s Republic of China
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Kang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shuchun Chen Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People’s Republic of China Email
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Li W, Sun J, Zhou X, Lu Y, Cui W, Miao L. Mini-Review: GSDME-Mediated Pyroptosis in Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:780790. [PMID: 34867412 PMCID: PMC8637879 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.780790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a recently identified type of lytic programmed cell death, in which pores form in the plasma membrane, and cells swell, rupture, and then release their contents, including inflammatory cytokines. Molecular studies indicated that pyroptosis may occur via a gasdermin D (GSDMD) and caspase-1 (Casp1) -dependent classical pathway, a GSDMD and Casp11/4/5-dependent non-classical pathway, or a gasdermin E (GSDME) and Casp3-dependent pathway. Studies of animal models and humans indicated that pyroptosis can exacerbate several complications of diabetes, including diabetic nephropathy (DN), a serious microvascular complication of diabetes. Many studies investigated the mechanism mediating the renoprotective effect of GSDMD regulation in the kidneys of patients and animal models with diabetes. As a newly discovered regulatory mechanism, GSDME and Casp3-dependent pyroptotic pathway in the progression of DN has also attracted people's attention. Z-DEVD-FMK, an inhibitor of Casp3, ameliorates albuminuria, improves renal function, and reduces tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic mice, and these effects are associated with the inhibition of GSDME. Studies of HK-2 cells indicated that the molecular and histological features of secondary necrosis were present following glucose stimulation due to GSDME cleavage, such as cell swelling, and release of cellular contents. Therefore, therapies targeting Casp3/GSDME-dependent pyroptosis have potential for treatment of DN. A novel nephroprotective strategy that employs GSDME-derived peptides which are directed against Casp3-induced cell death may be a key breakthrough. This mini-review describes the discovery and history of research in this pyroptosis pathway and reviews the function of proteins in the gasdermin family, with a focus on the role of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in DN. Many studies have investigated the impact of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in kidney diseases, and these studies used multiple interventions, in vitro models, and in vivo models. We expect that further research on the function of GDSME in DN may provide valuable insights that may help to improve treatments for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenpeng Cui
- *Correspondence: Lining Miao, ; Wenpeng Cui,
| | - Lining Miao
- *Correspondence: Lining Miao, ; Wenpeng Cui,
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Yang M, Han Y, Luo S, Xiong X, Zhu X, Zhao H, Jiang N, Xiao Y, Wei L, Li C, Yang J, Sun L. MAMs Protect Against Ectopic Fat Deposition and Lipid-Related Kidney Damage in DN Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:609580. [PMID: 33679616 PMCID: PMC7933555 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.609580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic fat deposition (EFD) in the kidney plays a key role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) are structures that connect to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are involved in lipid metabolism. However, there are few studies on MAMs in the field of kidney disease, and the relationship between EFD and MAMs in DN is still unclear. In this study, increased EFD in the kidneys of DN patients was observed, and analysis showed that the degree of EFD was positively correlated with renal damage. Then, the MAMs were quantified by an in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA). The MAMs in the kidneys were found to gradually decrease through the different stages of DN, while the expression of ADRP (a marker of lipid droplets) and tubulointerstitial damage increased. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that the MAMs were negatively correlated with serum lipid levels, the EFD in the kidney and renal damage. Finally, we observed decreased expression of MAM-control proteins (DsbA-L, PACS-2, and MFN-2) in different stages of DN and they were associated with lipid deposition and renal damage. These data showed that the destruction of MAMs in DN might be the cause of EFD and interstitial damage in the kidney.
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Arcos-Sacramento VG, Sampieri CL, Sandoval-Lozano VH, Orozco-Ortega RA, Acuña-Hernández MA, Morales-Romero J, Hernández-Hernández ME, Rodríguez-Hernández A. Urinary MMP-9/UCr association with albumin concentration and albumin-creatinine-ratio in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10474. [PMID: 33362965 PMCID: PMC7749659 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), causing an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity has been proposed as useful biomarker for diabetic renal and vascular complications. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among T2DM patients who attended a public secondary hospital in Mexico. We performed clinical, biochemical, and microbiological assessments, as well chronic kidney disease diagnosis according to the KDIGO guideline. Urinary MMP-9 was quantified by ELISA and adjusted using urinary creatinine (UCr). RESULTS A total of 111 patients were included. Most participants were women (66%). Mean age was 61 ± 10 years and median T2DM duration was estimated at 11 years. Through multivariate analysis, MMP-9/UCr was found to be associated with albumin concentration and albumin to creatinine ratio. DISCUSSION Validation of non-invasive biomarkers of chronic kidney disease among T2DM patients is necessary. Here, we demonstrate MMP-9/UCr as a potential biomarker of albumin concentration and albumin to creatinine ratio in Mexican patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Luz Sampieri
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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Afruza R, Akheruzzaman M, Dhurandhar NV, Hegde V. E4orf1, an Adeno-viral protein, attenuates renal lipid accumulation in high fat fed mice: A novel approach to reduce a key risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05261. [PMID: 33102865 PMCID: PMC7575883 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and hyperlipidemia are independent risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In mice, diet induced obesity accelerates lipogenesis, lipid accumulation, and injury in kidneys. Expression of adenoviral protein, E4orf1, improves glucose clearance and reduces endogenous insulin secretion to glucose challenge in mice. Therefore, in this pilot study, we examined, if enhanced glycemic control in HFD fed E4orf1 transgenic (E4orf1-Tg) mice, will reduce renal lipogenesis and lipid accumulation. In two separate experiments, E4orf1-Tg mice were fed 60% (kcal) high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with doxycycline for 10-weeks or 20-weeks along with wild-type (C57BL6/J) or E4orf1-non-transgenic (E4orf1-non-Tg) control mice, respectively. Protein expression of Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) and Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), accumulation of triglyceride (TG) along with mRNA levels of lipid metabolism and injury markers were determined in kidneys. Renal expression of FAS and ACC, and TG content was significantly reduced in E4orf1-Tg mice compared to controls. E4orf1-Tg mice show significant increase in genes involved in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and oxidative stress compared to wild-type mice after 10-weeks of HFD. However, mice exposed to 20-weeks of HFD, show no difference in gene expression. E4orf1 expression reduces lipid synthesis and accumulation in kidneys despite HFD, which may be due to attenuation of hyperinsulinemia by E4orf1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rownock Afruza
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Md Akheruzzaman
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Nikhil V Dhurandhar
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Vijay Hegde
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Lin PH, Duann P. Dyslipidemia in Kidney Disorders: Perspectives on Mitochondria Homeostasis and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1050. [PMID: 33013450 PMCID: PMC7494972 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To excrete body nitrogen waste and regulate electrolyte and fluid balance, the kidney has developed into an energy factory with only second to the heart in mitochondrial content in the body to meet the high-energy demand and regulate homeostasis. Energy supply from the renal mitochondria majorly depends on lipid metabolism, with programed enzyme systems in fatty acid β-oxidation and Krebs cycle. Renal mitochondria integrate several metabolic pathways, including AMPK/PGC-1α, PPARs, and CD36 signaling to maintain energy homeostasis for dynamic and static requirements. The pathobiology of several kidney disorders, including diabetic nephropathy, acute and chronic kidney injuries, has been primarily linked to impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics. Such homeostatic disruption in turn stimulates a pathological adaptation, with mitochondrial enzyme system reprograming possibly leading to dyslipidemia. However, this alteration, while rescuing oncotic pressure deficit secondary to albuminuria and dissipating edematous disorder, also imposes an ominous lipotoxic consequence. Reprograming of lipid metabolism in kidney injury is essential to preserve the integrity of kidney mitochondria, thereby preventing massive collateral damage including excessive autophagy and chronic inflammation. Here, we review dyslipidemia in kidney disorders and the most recent advances on targeting mitochondrial energy metabolism as a therapeutic strategy to restrict renal lipotoxicity, achieve salutary anti-edematous effects, and restore mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hui Lin
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Pu Duann
- Research and Development, Salem Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Salem, VA, United States
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Packer M. Mechanisms Leading to Differential Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Signaling in the Diabetic Kidney: Modulation by SGLT2 Inhibitors and Hypoxia Mimetics. Am J Kidney Dis 2020; 77:280-286. [PMID: 32711072 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors exert important renoprotective effects in the diabetic kidney, which cannot be readily explained by their actions to lower blood glucose, blood pressure, or glomerular filtration pressures. Their effects to promote erythrocytosis suggest that these drugs act on hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs; specifically, HIF-1α and HIF-2α), which may underlie their ability to reduce the progression of nephropathy. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by renal hypoxia, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and defective nutrient deprivation signaling, which (acting in concert) are poised to cause both activation of HIF-1α and suppression of HIF-2α. This shift in the balance of HIF-1α/HIF-2α activities promotes proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways in glomerular and renal tubular cells. SGLT2 inhibitors alleviate renal hypoxia and cellular stress and enhance nutrient deprivation signaling, which collectively may explain their actions to suppress HIF-1α and activate HIF-2α and thereby augment erythropoiesis, while muting organellar dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis. Cobalt chloride, a drug conventionally classified as a hypoxia mimetic, has a profile of molecular and cellular actions in the kidney that is similar to those of SGLT2 inhibitors. Therefore, many renoprotective benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors may be related to their effect to promote oxygen deprivation signaling in the diabetic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
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Thongnak L, Chatsudthipong V, Lungkaphin A. Mitigation of renal inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress by vildagliptin and statins in high-fat high-fructose diet-induced insulin resistance and renal injury in rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158755. [PMID: 32534015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in obesity can lead to lipotoxicity and cellular damage. Renal lipotoxicity in association with an impairment of lipid metabolism induces renal damage through the activation of inflammation, ER stress, fibrosis and apoptosis. We investigated the effects of a combination treatment of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin and atorvastatin on renal lipotoxicity related to renal dysfunction and injury in a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFF)-induced insulin resistant condition. Male Wistar rats were fed on a high-fat diet and were given drinking water with 10% fructose for 16 weeks. After that, rats were divided into: no treatment (HFF), treatment with vildagliptin, atorvastatin and vildagliptin plus atorvastatin for 4 weeks. The results demonstrated that the combination treatment prominently improved insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and kidney morphological changes induced by HFF. These changes correlated well with the increased expression of nephrin and podocin and decreased urine protein. Notably, the combined treatment produced greater improvement in renal lipid metabolism through increasing fatty acid oxidation with the decreases in fatty acid transporters and fatty acid synthesis, thereby reducing renal lipid accumulation in HFF rats. The reduction in renal lipotoxicity via diminishing renal inflammation, ER stress, fibrosis and apoptosis was also more significant in the combined treatment group than in the other groups in which the drug was used as a monotherapy. In conclusion, the combination therapy produced synergistic beneficial effects on metabolic parameters, lipid metabolism and accumulation related to renal lipid accumulation-induced lipotoxicity and kidney injury in the HFF-induced insulin resistant model with improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laongdao Thongnak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Varanuj Chatsudthipong
- Research Center of Transport Protein for Medical Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Functional Food Research Center for Well-being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Opazo-Ríos L, Mas S, Marín-Royo G, Mezzano S, Gómez-Guerrero C, Moreno JA, Egido J. Lipotoxicity and Diabetic Nephropathy: Novel Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2632. [PMID: 32290082 PMCID: PMC7177360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is characterized by the ectopic accumulation of lipids in organs different from adipose tissue. Lipotoxicity is mainly associated with dysfunctional signaling and insulin resistance response in non-adipose tissue such as myocardium, pancreas, skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney. Serum lipid abnormalities and renal ectopic lipid accumulation have been associated with the development of kidney diseases, in particular diabetic nephropathy. Chronic hyperinsulinemia, often seen in type 2 diabetes, plays a crucial role in blood and liver lipid metabolism abnormalities, thus resulting in increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Excessive lipid accumulation alters cellular homeostasis and activates lipogenic and glycogenic cell-signaling pathways. Recent evidences indicate that both quantity and quality of lipids are involved in renal damage associated to lipotoxicity by activating inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell-death. The pathological effects of lipotoxicity have been observed in renal cells, thus promoting podocyte injury, tubular damage, mesangial proliferation, endothelial activation, and formation of macrophage-derived foam cells. Therefore, this review examines the recent preclinical and clinical research about the potentially harmful effects of lipids in the kidney, metabolic markers associated with these mechanisms, major signaling pathways affected, the causes of excessive lipid accumulation, and the types of lipids involved, as well as offers a comprehensive update of therapeutic strategies targeting lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Opazo-Ríos
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Sebastián Mas
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Gema Marín-Royo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Laboratorio de Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile;
| | - Carmen Gómez-Guerrero
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
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75
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Nicholson RJ, Pezzolesi MG, Summers SA. Rotten to the Cortex: Ceramide-Mediated Lipotoxicity in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:622692. [PMID: 33584550 PMCID: PMC7876379 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.622692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent and progressive comorbidity of diabetes mellitus that increases one's risk of developing renal failure. Progress toward development of better DKD therapeutics is limited by an incomplete understanding of forces driving and connecting the various features of DKD, which include renal steatosis, fibrosis, and microvascular dysfunction. Herein we review the literature supporting roles for bioactive ceramides as inducers of local and systemic DKD pathology. In rodent models of DKD, renal ceramides are elevated, and genetic and pharmacological ceramide-lowering interventions improve kidney function and ameliorate DKD histopathology. In humans, circulating sphingolipid profiles distinguish human DKD patients from diabetic controls. These studies highlight the potential for ceramide to serve as a central and therapeutically tractable lipid mediator of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah J. Nicholson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Marcus G. Pezzolesi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Scott A. Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Scott A. Summers,
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