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Ratre YK, Kahar N, Bhaskar LVKS, Bhattacharya A, Verma HK. Molecular mechanism, diagnosis, and potential treatment for novel coronavirus (COVID-19): a current literature review and perspective. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:94. [PMID: 33520580 PMCID: PMC7832422 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus which belongs to the Coronaviridae family. COVID-19 outbreak became evident after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the twenty-first century as the start of the third deadly coronavirus. Currently, research is at an early stage, and the exact etiological dimensions of COVID-19 are unknown. Several candidate drugs and plasma therapy have been considered and evaluated for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients. These include clinically available drugs such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir. However, understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of this virus is critical for predicting interaction with humans. Based on recent evidence, we have summarized the current virus biology in terms of the possible understanding of the various pathophysiologies, molecular mechanisms, recent efficient diagnostics, and therapeutic approaches to control the disease. In addition, we briefly reviewed the biochemistry of leading candidates for novel therapies and their current status in clinical trials. As information from COVID-19 is evolving rapidly, this review will help the researcher to consider new insights and potential therapeutic approaches based on up-to-date knowledge. Finally, this review illustrates a list of alternative therapeutic solutions for a viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Namrata Kahar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Antaripa Bhattacharya
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology CNR, Naples, Italy
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52
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Sharma P, Gupta S, Goel N, Gupta A, Saini V, Sharma N. A review: novel coronavirus (COVID-19): an evidence-based approach. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING TOOLS FOR MANAGEMENT FOR PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 2021. [PMCID: PMC8192331 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824473-9.00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization in China was informed about the cases of pneumonia of unknown antecedent ailments. Since then, there have been over 141 million cases globally of 2019 novel coronavirus (Covid-19), 3.01 million deaths, and over 80.4 million recovered. Clinical research of novel agents represent opportunities to inform real-time public health action. In 2018 there was a systematic review to identify priority research questions for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus. Here, we review information available on COVID-19 and provide evidenced-based approaches in clinical research for the current COVID-19 outbreak.
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53
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Singh R, Singh PK, Kumar R, Kabir MT, Kamal MA, Rauf A, Albadrani GM, Sayed AA, Mousa SA, Abdel-Daim MM, Uddin MS. Multi-Omics Approach in the Identification of Potential Therapeutic Biomolecule for COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021. [PMID: 34054532 DOI: 10.3389/fphar2021652335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has a disastrous effect on mankind due to the contagious and rapid nature of its spread. Although vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have been successfully developed, the proven, effective, and specific therapeutic molecules are yet to be identified for the treatment. The repurposing of existing drugs and recognition of new medicines are continuously in progress. Efforts are being made to single out plant-based novel therapeutic compounds. As a result, some of these biomolecules are in their testing phase. During these efforts, the whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 has given the direction to explore the omics systems and approaches to overcome this unprecedented health challenge globally. Genome, proteome, and metagenome sequence analyses have helped identify virus nature, thereby assisting in understanding the molecular mechanism, structural understanding, and disease propagation. The multi-omics approaches offer various tools and strategies for identifying potential therapeutic biomolecules for COVID-19 and exploring the plants producing biomolecules that can be used as biopharmaceutical products. This review explores the available multi-omics approaches and their scope to investigate the therapeutic promises of plant-based biomolecules in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Pradhyumna Kumar Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research- National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing/Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany A Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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54
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Khan T, Khan MA, Mashwani ZUR, Ullah N, Nadhman A. Therapeutic potential of medicinal plants against COVID-19: The role of antiviral medicinal metabolites. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:101890. [PMID: 33520034 PMCID: PMC7831775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous trials underway to find treatment for the COVID-19 through testing vaccines as well as existing drugs. Apart from the many synthetic chemical compounds, plant-based compounds could provide an array of \suitable candidates for testing against the virus. Studies have confirmed the role of many plants against respiratory viruses when employed either as crude extracts or their active ingredients in pure form. The purpose of this review article is to highlight the importance of phytomedicine against COVID-19. The main aim is to review the mechanistic aspects of most important phytochemical compounds that have showed potential against coronaviruses. Glycyrrhizin from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra has shown promising potential against the previously epidemic coronavirus, SARS-CoV. Other important plants such as Artemisia annua, Isatis indigotica, Lindera aggregate, Pelargonium sidoides, and Glychirrhiza spp. have been employed against SARS-CoV. Active ingredients (e.g. emodin, reserpine, aescin, myricetin, scutellarin, apigenin, luteolin, and betulonic acid) have shown promising results against the coronaviruses. Phytochemicals have demonstrated activity against the coronaviruses through mechanisms such as viral entry inhibition, inhibition of replication enzymes and virus release blockage. However, compared to synthetic drugs, phytomedicine are mechanistically less understood and should be properly evaluated before application. Nonetheless, phytochemicals reduce the tedious job of drug discovery and provide a less time-consuming alternative for drug testing. Therefore, along with other drugs currently tested against COVID-19, plant-based drugs should be included for speedy development of COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan
| | - Mubarak Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan, 23390, Pakistan
| | | | - Nazif Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan, 23390, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Nadhman
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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55
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Chen X, Han W, Wang G, Zhao X. Application prospect of polysaccharides in the development of anti-novel coronavirus drugs and vaccines. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:331-343. [PMID: 32679328 PMCID: PMC7358770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it has spread rapidly worldwide and poses a great threat to public health. This is the third serious coronavirus outbreak in <20 years, following SARS in 2002-2003 and MERS in 2012. So far, there are almost no specific clinically effective drugs and vaccines available for COVID-19. Polysaccharides with good safety, immune regulation and antiviral activity have broad application prospects in anti-virus, especially in anti-coronavirus applications. Here, we reviewed the antiviral mechanisms of some polysaccharides, such as glycosaminoglycans, marine polysaccharides, traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides, and their application progress in anti-coronavirus. In particular, the application prospects of polysaccharide-based vaccine adjuvants, nanomaterials and drug delivery systems in the fight against novel coronavirus were also analyzed and summarized. Additionally, we speculate the possible mechanisms of polysaccharides anti-SARS-CoV-2, and propose the strategy of loading S or N protein from coronavirus onto polysaccharide capped gold nanoparticles vaccine for COVID-19 treatment. This review may provide a new approach for the development of COVID-19 therapeutic agents and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Qingdao 266003, China,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Qingdao 266003, China,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guixiang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Xu X, Miao J, Shao Q, Gao Y, Hong L. Apigenin suppresses influenza A virus-induced RIG-I activation and viral replication. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3057-3066. [PMID: 32776519 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin is a flavonoid of low toxicity and multiple beneficial bioactivities, including the properties of antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. However, the effects of Apigenin on influenza virus infection remain poorly understood. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Apigenin on influenza A virus (IAV)-induced inflammation and viral replication. This study demonstrated that Apigenin treatment significantly suppressed IAV-induced upregulation of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) expression, as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines and interferons (IFN-β and IFN-λ1). Meanwhile, Apigenin also protected cells from IAV-induced cell death. In addition, Apigenin specifically inhibited the activation of RIG-I signaling via promoting the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of RIG-I, which may cause by the disrupting its interaction with heat shock protein 90α. Interestingly, instead of enhancing viral replication due to the inhibitory effects of Apigenin on the activation of RIG-I and expression of IFNs, Apigenin inhibited IAV replication in vitro. Further study demonstrated that Apigenin inhibited the influenza viral neuraminidase (NA) activity. Thus, Apigenin may serve as a promising supplementary approach for treatment of influenza because it protected cells from IAV-induced cell death and inhibited viral NA activity to suppress viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Miao
- Department of Pediatrics, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Qingliang Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Luojia Hong
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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57
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Li Q, Bai C, Yang R, Xing W, Pang X, Wu S, Liu S, Chen J, Liu T, Gu X. Deciphering the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction against COVID-19 through Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Exploration. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:581691. [PMID: 33324213 PMCID: PMC7725906 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of new infectious pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 has posed a significant threat to public health, but specific medicines and vaccines are still being developed. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has thousands of years of experience in facing the epidemic disease, such as influenza and viral pneumonia. In this study, we revealed the efficacy and pharmacological mechanism of Ma Xing Shi Gan (MXSG) Decoction against COVID-19. First, we used liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) to analyze the chemical components in MXSG and identified a total of 97 components from MXSG. Then, the intervention pathway of MXSG based on these components was analyzed with network pharmacology, and it was found that the pathways related to the virus infection process were enriched in some of MXSG component targets. Simultaneously, through literature research, it was preliminarily determined that MXSG, which is an essential prescription for treating COVID-19, shared the feature of antiviral, improving clinical symptoms, regulating immune inflammation, and inhibiting lung injury. The regulatory mechanisms associated with its treatment of COVID-19 were proposed. That MXSG might directly inhibit the adsorption and replication of SARS-CoV-2 at the viral entry step. Besides, MXSG might play a critical role in inflammation and immune regulatory, that is, to prevent cytokine storm and relieve lung injury through toll-like receptors signaling pathway. Next, in this study, the regulatory effect of MXSG on inflammatory lung injury was validated through transcriptome results. In summary, MXSG is a relatively active and safe treatment for influenza and viral pneumonia, and its therapeutic effect may be attributed to its antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Bai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruocong Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weiying Xing
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Siying Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tiegang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Lo CW, Pi CC, Chen YT, Chen HW. Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek Extract Inhibits Influenza A Virus by Targeting Viral Attachment, Penetration, Assembly, and Release. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:584973. [PMID: 33324216 PMCID: PMC7725899 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.584973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek (mung bean) is a Chinese functional food with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. However, little is known about its antiviral activity. We aimed to investigate the antiviral activity and mechanisms of action of Vigna radiata extract (VRE) against influenza virus. HPLC was conducted to analyze the components of the VRE. The anti-influenza viral activity of VRE in Mardin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells was evaluated by virus titration assays, hemagglutination assays, quantitative RT-PCR assays, cellular α-glucosidase activity assays and neuraminidase activity assays. Chromatographic profiling analysis identified two major flavonoids, vitexin and isovitexin, in the ethanol extract of Vigna radiata. Through in vitro studies, we showed that VRE, at concentrations up to 2,000 μg/ml, exhibited no cytotoxicity in MDCK cells. VRE protected cells from influenza virus-induced cytopathic effects and significantly inhibited viral replication in a concentration-dependent manner. A detailed time-of-addition assay revealed that VRE may act on both the early and late stages of the viral life cycle. We demonstrated that 1) VRE inhibits virus entry by directly blocking the HA protein of influenza virus; 2) VRE inhibits virus entry by directly binding to cellular receptors; 3) VRE inhibits virus penetration; 4) VRE inhibits virus assembly by blocking cellular α-glucosidase activity, thus reducing HA protein trafficking to the cell surface; and 5) VRE inhibits virus release by inhibiting viral neuraminidase activity. In summary, Vigna radiata extract potently interferes with two different subtypes of influenza viruses at multiple steps during the infectious cycle, demonstrating its broad-spectrum potential as an anti-influenza preventive and therapeutic agent. Continued development of Vigna radiata-derived products into antiviral therapeutics is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Wen Lo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Pi
- King's Ground Biotech Co., Ltd., Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - You-Ting Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Choudhry N, Zhao X, Xu D, Zanin M, Chen W, Yang Z, Chen J. Chinese Therapeutic Strategy for Fighting COVID-19 and Potential Small-Molecule Inhibitors against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). J Med Chem 2020; 63:13205-13227. [PMID: 32845145 PMCID: PMC7489051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to more than 20 million people infected worldwide with an average mortality rate of 3.6%. This virus poses major challenges to public health, as it not only is highly contagious but also can be transmitted by asymptomatic infected individuals. COVID-19 is clinically difficult to manage due to a lack of specific antiviral drugs or vaccines. In this article, Chinese therapy strategies for treating COVID-19 patients, including current applications of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), are comprehensively reviewed. Furthermore, 72 small molecules from natural products and TCM with reported antiviral activity against human coronaviruses (CoVs) are identified from published literature, and their potential applications in combating SARS-CoV-2 are discussed. Among these, the clinical efficacies of some accessible drugs such as remdesivir (RDV) and favipiravir (FPV) for COVID-19 are emphatically summarized. We hope this review provides a foundation for managing the worsening pandemic and developing antivirals against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrta Choudhry
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangdong
Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary
Medicine, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510642,
China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Guangdong Institute of
Analysis (China National Analytical Center,
Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070,
China
| | - Dan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangdong
Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary
Medicine, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510642,
China
| | - Mark Zanin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease,
Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First
Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou 510120,
China
- School of Public Health,
The University of Hong Kong, 7
Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Weisan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and
Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La
Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086,
Australia
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory
Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease,
Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First
Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou 510120,
China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangdong
Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary
Medicine, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510642,
China
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Wang Y, Ru Y, Zhuo G, Sheng M, Wang S, Ma J, Zhou C, Sun X, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Lu Z, Wu D, Wu M. Investigation of the Potential Mechanism Governing the Effect of the Shen Zhu San on COVID-19 by Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8468303. [PMID: 33224256 PMCID: PMC7669347 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8468303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection has emerged in Wuhan and rapidly spread throughout China and even to other countries. Combined therapy with modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine has been proposed, in which Shen Zhu San (SZS) was regarded as one of the basic prescriptions. METHODS Network pharmacological approaches along with candidate compound screening, target prediction, target tissue location, protein-protein interaction network, gene ontology (GO), KEGG enrichment analyses, and gene microarray analyses were applied. RESULTS A total of 627 targets of the 116 active ingredients of SZS were identified. Targets in immune cells and tissues were much more abundant than those in other tissues. A total of 597 targets were enriched in the GO biological cellular process, while 153 signaling pathways were enriched according to the KEGG analysis. A total of 450 SARS-related targets were integrated and intersected with the targets of SZS to identify 40 common targets that were significantly enriched in five immune function aspects of the immune system process during GO analysis. Several inflammation-related pathways were found to be significantly enriched throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic mechanisms of the effects of SZS on COVID-19 potentially involve four effects: suppressing cytokine storms, protecting the pulmonary alveolar-capillary barrier, regulating the immune response, and mediating cell death and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhua Ru
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guowei Zhuo
- First Clinical Medical School, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maozheng Sheng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangqiu Wang
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiarui Ma
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chongyi Zhou
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohe Sun
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanqi Zeng
- First Clinical Medical School, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- First Clinical Medical School, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhigang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Depei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
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Xu Y, Sun P, Wan S, Guo J, Zheng X, Sun Y, Fan K, Yin W, Sun N, Li H. The combined usage of Matrine and Osthole inhibited endoplasmic reticulum apoptosis induced by PCV2. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:303. [PMID: 33046006 PMCID: PMC7549248 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important and common DNA virus that infect pig and can cause immunosuppression and induce apoptosis in the infected cells. To escape the host immune system, PCV2 constantly builds up complex mechanisms or mutates genes, and that is why it is difficult to eradicate complex PCV2 infection by relying on vaccines and single compound. At present, there is few literature reports on the effective prevention and treatment of PCV2 infection by a combination of two or more compounds. Previously, we have demonstrated the anti-PCV2 effect of Matrine in vitro, but its mechanism has not been further evaluated. Literatures have proven that Osthole has a variety of pharmacological activities, and we tested the ability of Osthole to inhibit PCV2 replication in cell culture. Therefore, this study explored the synergistic antiviral effect of Matrine combined with Osthole and their synergistic anti-apoptotic mechanism. Results Osthole alone had an anti-PCV2 effect, and then its synergistic anti-PCV2 effect of Osthole and Matrine was better than that of Matrine or Osthole alone as demonstrated by qRT-PCR, IFA and Western blotting results. The anti-apoptotic mechanism of these two compounds by inducing the PERK pathway by PCV2 was elucidated through Annexin V-FITC/PI, JC-1 and Western blotting. Matrine and Osthole combination could inhibit the expression of Cap in Cap-transfected PK-15 cells, thus inhibiting Cap-induced PERK apoptosis. Ribavirin was used as a positive control. Conclusions The combination of Osthole and Matrine had the synergistic effect of anti-PCV2 infection by directly inhibiting the expression of PCV2 Cap protein. The combination of these two compounds also inhibited PERK apoptosis induced by PCV2 Cap protein, possibly by regulating the level of GRP78. The results formed a base for further studies on the mechanism of anti-PCV2 in vivo using Matrine and Osthole combination and developing new anti-PCV2 compounds with Cap and GRP78 as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Panpan Sun
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuangxiu Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xiaozhong Zheng
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yaogui Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Kuohai Fan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongquan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
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Pawar HA, Pawar AH, Pawar SA, Pawar PA. CORONAVIRUS and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Perspective. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885515999200719142835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus (CoV) is an enveloped positive-sense RNA virus. Coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease, induced by a new type of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2.
COVID-19 has originated in China and spread quickly all over the world. WHO acknowledged the
outbreak of a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. The spread of COVID-19 signified a big threat
to social life, the economy, and public health. As of April 14, 2020, WHO reported a total of
1,812,734 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 113,675 (6.27 %) deaths throughout the world. Numerous
nations around the globe took assorted measures because of the danger of SARS-CoV-2 and
created wide-ranging preventive approaches. No particular drug or vaccines/antibodies are yet accessible
for the treatment of this unforeseen and lethal illness. The pandemic has brought about
travel limitations and across the country lockdowns in most of the nations. The objective behind
this article was to provide recent updates and well-authenticated information to the scientific community,
health care personnel’s and common public about Coronavirus, their types, characteristic
features, structure and origin, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostic
methods, drug development approach, prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshal Ashok Pawar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Dr. L. H. Hiranandani College of Pharmacy, Ulhasnagar-421003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anjali Harshal Pawar
- Naturopathiest, Aai Nature Cure, Ram Baug Lane-1, Kalyan (W)-421301, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandip Ashok Pawar
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, Sandoz - A Division of Novartis, Kalwe, Navi Mumbai-400708, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Ashok Pawar
- Executive-External Manufacturing, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., Andheri (E), Mumbai-400099, Maharashtra, India
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Hu C, Liang M, Gong F, He B, Zhao D, Zhang G. Efficacy of Lianhua Qingwen Compared with Conventional Drugs in the Treatment of Common Pneumonia and COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:5157089. [PMID: 32963563 PMCID: PMC7501551 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5157089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
METHODS Seven English and Chinese databases were used to search for qualified experimental studies as of July 27, 2020. All data were extracted directly from the included studies, and no special conversion formula was used. The weighted mean difference (WMD), 95% confidence interval (CI), and odds ratio (OR) were used for evaluation. RESULTS Forty-two studies involving 3793 subjects met the qualification criteria. For common pneumonia, a short duration of flu-like symptoms (WMD = -1.81, 95% CI = -2.12 to -1.50, P < 0.001), sputum (WMD = -1.10, 95% CI = -1.50 to -0.70, P < 0.001), pulmonary rale (WMD = -2.03, 95% CI = -2.74 to -1.31, P < 0.001), pulmonary imaging improvement (WMD = -1.88, 95% CI = -2.28 to -1.47, P < 0.001), curative effect (OR = 3.65, 95% CI = 2.81 to 4.76, P < 0.001), and healing period (WMD = -1.68, 95% CI = -2.62 to -0.74, P < 0.001) were associated with the Lianhua Qingwen group; subgroup analysis based on flu-like symptoms showed statistically significant improvements in fever and cough. For COVID-19 pneumonia, improvements in flu-like symptoms (OR = 3.18, 95% CI = 2.36 to 4.29, P < 0.001), shortness of breath (OR = 10.62, 95% CI = 3.71 to 30.40, P < 0.001), curative effect (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.76 to 3.53, P < 0.001), healing period (WMD = -2.06, 95% CI = -3.36 to -0.75, P = 0.002), and conversion of severe cases (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.77, P = 0.003) were associated with the Lianhua Qingwen group; subgroup analysis indicated statistically significant improvements of fever, cough, fatigue, and muscle pain in the Lianhua Qingwen group compared to the conventional drug group. Regarding adverse reactions, no significant difference was detected for common pneumonia (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.54 to 1.05, P = 0.097). CONCLUSIONS Lianhua Qingwen combined with conventional drugs may be a promising therapy for treating common pneumonia and COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Hu
- Department of Scientific Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingming Liang
- Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fengfeng Gong
- Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 99 Huangshan Road, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Scientific Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- Infection Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Ang L, Lee HW, Kim A, Lee MS. Herbal medicine for the management of COVID-19 during the medical observation period: A review of guidelines. Integr Med Res 2020; 9:100465. [PMID: 32691000 PMCID: PMC7328533 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical observation period is a period of 14 days after any exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred. This review aimed to summarize and analyze the herbs and herbal formulae recommended by available guidelines. METHODS A total of 14 sources were searched for potential guidelines that provide herbal medicine treatment for the medical observation period of COVID-19. We summarized and analyzed the recommended herbal formulae and performed a network analysis to identify the relationship between herbs. RESULTS We found 9 guidelines that provide herbal formula for medical observation based on clinical manifestation. There are 12 herbal formulae with a total of 53 herbs recommended by the guidelines. The result of our network analysis showed that the herb Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chen Pi) strongly paired with the herb Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao). CONCLUSION This review briefly summarized the usage of herbal medicine for the medical observation period of COVID-19 and may serve as a reference for future studies. More research is needed in the future to provide evidence on the usage of herbal medicine in various phases of COVID-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ang
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Peng M. Outbreak of COVID-19: An emerging global pandemic threat. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110499. [PMID: 32768974 PMCID: PMC7334916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019, it is now recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) as more than 200 countries and territories worldwide are affected with an increasing incidence. The SARS-CoV-2 infection results in a spectrum of non-specific signs and symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic infection, to flu-like illness such as fever, cough, dry cough and fatigue, to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and even multi-organ failures with high morbidity and mortality. SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets that infected people exhale during incubation and onset period. By 12 June 2020, over 7.5 million confirmed cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with more than 421,000 deaths in the world have been reported to the WHO. No specific medication is approved to treat COVID-19, raising the urgent need for antiviral drug development. By 12 June 2020, there are over 1000 clinical trials registered in clinicaltrials.gov for treatment of COVID-19. This review summarizes the epidemiology, virology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and particularly the antiviral drugs currently under clinical trials for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, together with the challenges and perspectives of this disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Peng
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, 518116 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Shahrajabian MH, Sun W, Cheng Q. Traditional Herbal Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Cold and Flu in the Autumn of 2020, Overlapped With COVID-19. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20951431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many herbs and plants included in several traditional systems have promising bioactive compounds for modern drug therapy. The second round of COVID-19 cases will be accompanied by the spread of seasonal influenza in the fall. The combination of the influenza season and the second wave of COVID-19 may lead to more confusion and put more pressure on public health systems. A literature survey was accomplished using multiple databases including PubMed, Science Direct, ISI web of knowledge, and Google Scholar. The most important antiviral herbs for cold and flu are Thymus vulgaris, honeysuckle flowers, Andrographis, yarrow, peppermint leaf and oil, and Calendula. The most important expectorant herbs for flu and cold are tulsi, snake root, licorice root, clove, slippery elm root, marshmallow osha root, and sage leaf. Immunostimulant herbs for these 2 diseases are Echinacea root, Eucalyptus, garlic, ginseng, marshmallow, slippery elm, Isatisroot, Usnea lichen, myrrh resin, and ginger root. In this mini-review, we mention the key role of some of the most important herbal plants and prescriptions against influenza and cold on the basis of traditional Asian medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenli Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China; Global Alliance of HeBAU-CLS&HeQiS for BioAl-Manufacturing, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Chu Y, Lv X, Zhang L, Fu X, Song S, Su A, Chen D, Xu L, Wang Y, Wu Z, Yun Z. Wogonin inhibits in vitro herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection by modulating cellular NF-κB and MAPK pathways. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:227. [PMID: 32723300 PMCID: PMC7388529 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wogonin, a natural flavonoid-like chemical compound, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral, neuroprotective, and anxiolytic effects by modulating a variety of cellular signaling pathways including PI3K-Akt, p53, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In this study, its antiviral effect against herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) replication was investigated. RESULTS Wogonin suppressed HSV-2-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) and reduced viral mRNA transcription, viral protein synthesis, and infectious virion particle titers in a dose-dependent manner. A time-of-drug-addition assay demonstrated that wogonin acted as a postentry viral inhibitor. Wogonin also significantly reduced HSV-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathway activation, which has previously been demonstrated to be important for viral replication. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the anti-herpes effect of wogonin may be mediated by modulation of cellular NF-κB and JNK/p38 MAPK pathways and imply that wogonin may be useful as an anti-HSV agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chu
- Clinical Laboratory, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213017, China.
| | - Xiaowen Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Longfeng Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xingli Fu
- Health Science Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Siwei Song
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Airong Su
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Deyan Chen
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lianhong Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213017, China
| | - Yongfang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213017, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhihua Yun
- Clinical Laboratory, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213017, China.
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Bello-Onaghise G, Wang G, Han X, Nsabimana E, Cui W, Yu F, Zhang Y, Wang L, Li Z, Cai X, Li Y. Antiviral Strategies of Chinese Herbal Medicine Against PRRSV Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1756. [PMID: 32849384 PMCID: PMC7401453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) are gradually becoming an effective alternative in the control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) because most of the commercially available PRRSV vaccines cannot provide full protection against the genetically diverse strains isolated from farms. Besides, the incomplete attenuation procedure involved in the production of modified live vaccines (MLV) may cause them to revert to the more virulence forms. TCMs have shown some promising potentials in bridging this gap. Several investigations have revealed that herbal extracts from TCMs contain molecules with significant antiviral activities against the various stages of the life cycle of PRRSV, and they do this through different mechanisms. They either block PRRSV attachment and entry into cells or inhibits the replication of viral RNA or viral particles assembly and release or act as immunomodulators and pathogenic pathway inhibitors through cytokines regulations. Here, we summarized the various antiviral strategies employed by some TCMs against the different stages of the life cycle of PRRSV under two major classes, including direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and indirect-acting antivirals (IAAs). We highlighted their mechanisms of action. In conclusion, we recommended that in making plans for the use of TCMs to control PRRSV, the pathway forward must be built on a real understanding of the mechanisms by which bioactive compounds exert their effects. This will provide a template that will guide the focus of collaborative studies among researchers in the areas of bioinformatics, chemistry, and proteomics. Furthermore, available data and procedures to support the efficacy, safety, and quality control levels of TCMs should be well documented without any breach of data integrity and good manufacturing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- God'spower Bello-Onaghise
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, China
| | - Eliphaz Nsabimana
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenqiang Cui
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Linguang Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengze Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Liu D, You Y, Chen Y, Tang S. Efficacy of integrative Traditional Chinese and Western medicine for the treatment of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20781. [PMID: 32702822 PMCID: PMC7373591 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No specific anti-virus drugs or vaccines have been available for the treatment of COVID-19. Integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine has been proposed as a therapeutic option with substantial applications in China. This protocol is proposed for a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to evaluate the efficacy of integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment on patients with COVID-19. METHODS Ten databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CIHAHL, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP), Wanfang database, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed) will be searched. All published randomized controlled trials, clinical controlled trials, case-control, and case series that meet the pre-specified eligibility criteria will be included. Primary outcome measures include mortality, clinical recovery rate, duration of fever, progression rate from mild or moderate to severe, improvement of symptoms, biomarkers of laboratory examination and changes in computed tomography. Secondary outcomes include dosage of hormonotherapy, incidence and severity of adverse events and quality of life. Study selection, data extraction and assessment of bias risk will be conducted by 2 reviewers independently. RevMan software (V.5.3.5) will be used to perform data synthesis. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis will be performed when necessary. The strength of evidence will be assessed by the GRADE system. RESULTS This study will provide a well-reported and high-quality synthesis on the efficacy of integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment on patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSION This systematic review protocol will be helpful for providing evidence of whether integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment is an effective therapeutic approach for patients with COVID-19. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is unnecessary as no individual patient or privacy data is collected. The results of this study will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and/or conference presentation. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020167205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, South Renmin Road, Wu Hou District, Chengdu
| | - Yanyan You
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, South Renmin Road, Wu Hou District, Chengdu
| | - Yunhui Chen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Songqi Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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Vandebroek I, Pieroni A, Stepp JR, Hanazaki N, Ladio A, Alves RRN, Picking D, Delgoda R, Maroyi A, van Andel T, Quave CL, Paniagua-Zambrana NY, Bussmann RW, Odonne G, Abbasi AM, Albuquerque UP, Baker J, Kutz S, Timsina S, Shigeta M, Oliveira TPR, Hurrell JA, Arenas PM, Puentes JP, Hugé J, Yeşil Y, Pierre LJ, Olango TM, Dahdouh-Guebas F. Reshaping the future of ethnobiology research after the COVID-19 pandemic. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:723-730. [PMID: 32572213 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Vandebroek
- Institute of Economic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, The Bronx, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Ana Ladio
- Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, INIBIOMA, Bariloche, Argentina
| | | | - David Picking
- The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Rupika Delgoda
- The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Alfred Maroyi
- University of Fort Hare, Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Alice, South Africa
| | | | - Cassandra L Quave
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Rainer W Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Guillaume Odonne
- LEEISA (Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens), CNRS, Université de Guyane, IFREMER, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Social-Ecological Systems, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Susan Kutz
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shrabya Timsina
- The Forest School at the Yale School of the Environment, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Masayoshi Shigeta
- Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Julio A Hurrell
- Laboratorio de Etnobotánica y Botánica Aplicada (LEBA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia M Arenas
- Laboratorio de Etnobotánica y Botánica Aplicada (LEBA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jeremias P Puentes
- Laboratorio de Etnobotánica y Botánica Aplicada (LEBA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jean Hugé
- Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Yeter Yeşil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Laurent Jean Pierre
- Saint Lucia Archaeological and Historical Society (SLAHS), Castries, Saint Lucia
| | | | - Farid Dahdouh-Guebas
- Department of (Organism) Biology, Systems Ecology and Resource Management, Free University of Brussels ULB-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
COVID-19 has been the most devastating pandemic in human history. Despite the highest scientific efforts and investments, a reliable and certified medication has yet to be developed regarding to immune or cure this virus. However, while synthetic medications are gaining the focus of attentions, it appears from a significant number of recent studies that plant-based substances could also be potential candidates for developing effective and secure remedies against this novel disease. Citing such recent works, this review primarily demonstrates the antiviral potentials of medicinal plants for inhibiting human coronaviruses. It also shows the importance of antiviral plants substances, particularly in the development of a broad spectrum medication for coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israt Jahan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Ahmet Onay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, Diyarbakır Turkey
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72
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Wu R, Wang L, Kuo HCD, Shannar A, Peter R, Chou PJ, Li S, Hudlikar R, Liu X, Liu Z, Poiani GJ, Amorosa L, Brunetti L, Kong AN. An Update on Current Therapeutic Drugs Treating COVID-19. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:56-70. [PMID: 32395418 PMCID: PMC7211915 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-020-00216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has presented unprecedented challenges to the healthcare systems in almost every country around the world. Currently, there are no proven effective vaccines or therapeutic agents against the virus. Current clinical management includes infection prevention and control measures and supportive care including supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilatory support. Evolving research and clinical data regarding the virologic SARS-CoV-2 suggest a potential list of repurposed drugs with appropriate pharmacological effects and therapeutic efficacies in treating COVID-19 patients. In this review, we will update and summarize the most common and plausible drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. These drugs and therapeutic agents include antiviral agents (remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, lopinavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, and oseltamivir), and supporting agents (Ascorbic acid, Azithromycin, Corticosteroids, Nitric oxide, IL-6 antagonists), among others. We hope that this review will provide useful and most updated therapeutic drugs to prevent, control, and treat COVID-19 patients until the approval of vaccines and specific drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Wu
- 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Lujing Wang
- 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Hsiao-Chen Dina Kuo
- 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Ahmad Shannar
- 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Rebecca Peter
- 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Pochung Jordan Chou
- 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Shanyi Li
- 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Rasika Hudlikar
- 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Xia Liu
- 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.,2Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.,3Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, 550005 China
| | - George J Poiani
- 4Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital Somerset, Somerville, NJ 08876 USA.,5Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Louis Amorosa
- 5Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- 4Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital Somerset, Somerville, NJ 08876 USA.,6Department of Pharmacy Practice, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
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73
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Ang L, Lee HW, Kim A, Lee JA, Zhang J, Lee MS. Herbal medicine for treatment of children diagnosed with COVID-19: A review of guidelines. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 39:101174. [PMID: 32379639 PMCID: PMC7152923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to summarize and analyze the pattern identification (PI), herbal formulae, and composition of herbs provided by recent guidelines for the treatment of pediatric COVID-19. Seven data sources were reviewed until March 25, 2020. We analyzed the herbal formulae included in the guidelines and performed a network analysis to identify the frequency of herbs recommended in the herbal formulae. All 3 guidelines were provincial guidelines from China. Our results showed that there were 4 stages, 12 PIs, and 13 herbal formulae recommended by the provincial guidelines. These herbal formulae included a total of 56 herbs. Based on our network analysis, Scutellariae Radix was paired with Artemisiae Annuae Herba in one cluster. In another cluster, Armeniacae Semen was paired with Coicis Semen and Ephedrae Herba was paired with Gypsum Fibrosum. This review serves as a reference for the use of traditional medicine in the treatment of pediatric COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ang
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Anna Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ju Ah Lee
- Hwa-pyeong Institute of Integrative Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Evidence-based Medicine Centre, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Evidence-based Medicine Centre, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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74
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Die Anwendung der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin (TCM)/Akupunktur in der Therapie und Prävention von SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen. DEUTSCHE ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR AKUPUNKTUR 2020. [PMCID: PMC7149307 DOI: 10.1007/s42212-020-00271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gegenwärtig kursieren zahlreiche Vorschläge zur potenziellen Wirksamkeit von Traditioneller Chinesischer Medizin (TCM)/Akupunktur in der Therapie von SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen und assoziierten Symptomen. Stand dieser Überlegungen sind insbesondere molekularvirologische, aber auch klinische Untersuchungen aus der SARS-Epidemie 2002/2003. Ein Wirksamkeitsnachweis von chinesischen Arzneimitteln mit antiviralem Potenzial in Bezug auf SARS-CoV‑2 steht größtenteils aus. Klinische Daten stützen sich nahezu ausschließlich auf Studien vor Beginn der Coronapandemie. Gegenwärtig finden sich nur international publizierte Fallberichte sowie in China berichtete Beobachtungsstudien. Vielversprechend ist eine große Zahl registrierter prospektiver Studien, die gegenwärtig durchgeführt werden. Die Evidenzlage für die nichtpharmakologischen Therapiesäulen der TCM ist sehr schwach. Auf Basis der Datenlage ist eine Kombination westlicher und TCM-Maßnahmen in der westlichen Welt nur nach Ausschöpfung der konventionellen Maßnahmen gerechtfertigt.
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75
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Potential of DNA Intercalating Alkaloids and Other Plant Secondary Metabolites against SARS-CoV-2 Causing COVID-19. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12050175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many plants produce secondary metabolites (PSMs) with antiviral activities. Among the antiviral PSMs, lipophilic terpenoids in essential oils can disturb the lipid envelope of viruses. Phenols and polyphenols (flavonoids, rosmarinic acid and tannins) attack viral proteins present in the viral membrane or inside the virus particle. Both phenolics and essential oils are active against free viral particles but not—or to a lesser degree—after a virus has entered a host cell. Another group of PSMs is directed against DNA or RNA. These are DNA intercalators such as sanguinarine, berberine, emetine and other isoquinoline alkaloids, ß-carboline, and quinoline alkaloids such as quinine, cinchonine, dictamine and skimmianine. The DNA intercalators stabilize double-stranded nucleic acids and inhibit the replication, transcription, and translation of genetic material. These alkaloids can inhibit viral development and viral replication in cells, as shown for SARS-CoV-1 and other viruses. Since chloroquine (which is also a DNA intercalator and a chemical derivative of the alkaloid quinine) is apparently clinically helpful against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, it is assumed that intercalating alkaloids, or the medicinal plants producing them, may be interesting candidates for the development of new antiviral drugs for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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76
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Nie LX, Wu YL, Dai Z, Ma SC. Antiviral activity of Isatidis Radix derived glucosinolate isomers and their breakdown products against influenza A in vitro/ovo and mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112550. [PMID: 31918015 PMCID: PMC7126217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Isatidis Radix, the sun-dried roots of Isatis indigotica Fortune ex Lindl., is one of the most usually used traditional Chinese medicines. For centuries, the herb has been employed in clinical practice for treatment of virus infection and inflammation. However, its active ingredients remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, the anti-influenza virus activity of epiprogoitrin, progoitrin, epigoitrin and goitrin, the Isatidis Radix derived glucosinolate isomers and their breakdown products, was firstly evaluated in vitro and in ovo and their mechanism of action was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epiprogoitrin, progoitrin, epigoitrin and goitrin were isolated from Isatidis Radix by chiral separation. In vitro and in ovo evaluations were performed on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and embryonated eggs respectively, both using protocols including prevention, treatment and virus neutralization. Hemagglutination (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assays were performed for further understanding of the antiviral mechanism. RESULTS Isatidis Radix derived glucosinolate isomers and their breakdown products all exhibited dose-dependent inhibition effect against influenza A virus (H1N1) without toxicity. The antiviral potency of the components was in the order of progoitrin > goitrin > epigoitrin > epiprogoitrin. The attachment of the constituents to the viral envelope conduced to the mechanism of their antiviral action without disturbing viral adsorption or budding. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results are promising for further development of Isatidis Radix and may contribute an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xing Nie
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yan-Lin Wu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Zhong Dai
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, PR China.
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77
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Herbal medicine and pattern identification for treating COVID-19: a rapid review of guidelines. Integr Med Res 2020; 9:100407. [PMID: 32289016 PMCID: PMC7104236 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is pandemic and has caused illness to many people worldwide. This review aimed to summarize and analyze the herbal formulae provided by the guidelines for their pattern identifications (PIs) and compositions of herbs to treat patients with COVID-19. Methods: We searched 7 data sources for eligible traditional medicine guidelines up to March 6, 2020 and found a total of 28 traditional medicine guidelines that provide treatment measures for COVID-19. Results: Of the 28 guidelines, there were 26 government-issued Chinese guidelines and 2 Korean guidelines. After standardizing the terminology of the PIs and herbal formulae, there were 8 PIs and 23 herbal formulae for the mild stage, 11 PIs and 31 herbal formulae for the moderate stage, 8 PIs and 21 herbal formulae for the severe stage, and 6 PIs and 23 herbal formulae for the recovery stage in the Chinese guidelines. In the Korean guidelines, there were 4 PIs and 15 herbal formulae for the mild stage, 3 PIs and 3 herbal formulae for the severe stage, and 2 PIs and 2 herbal formulae for the recovery stage. In the frequency analysis of herbs, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma was found to be the herb with the highest frequency of usage in the Chinese guidelines. Conclusion: This review can be used as guidance for the traditional medicine treatment of COVID-19. Clinical evidence is needed in the future to evaluate the efficacy of traditional medicine.
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78
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Yang Y, Islam MS, Wang J, Li Y, Chen X. Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Patients Infected with 2019-New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A Review and Perspective. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1708-1717. [PMID: 32226288 PMCID: PMC7098036 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, formerly known as 2019-nCoV, the causative pathogen of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)) has rapidly spread across China and around the world, causing an outbreak of acute infectious pneumonia. No specific anti-virus drugs or vaccines are available for the treatment of this sudden and lethal disease. The supportive care and non-specific treatment to ameliorate the symptoms of the patient are the only options currently. At the top of these conventional therapies, greater than 85% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in China are receiving Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment. In this article, relevant published literatures are thoroughly reviewed and current applications of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19 patients are analyzed. Due to the homology in epidemiology, genomics, and pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, and the widely use of TCM in the treatment of SARS-CoV, the clinical evidence showing the beneficial effect of TCM in the treatment of patients with SARS coronaviral infections are discussed. Current experiment studies that provide an insight into the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of TCM, and those studies identified novel naturally occurring compounds with anti-coronaviral activity are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
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79
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Tong C, Chen Z, Liu F, Qiao Y, Chen T, Wang X. Antiviral activities of Radix isatidis polysaccharide against pseudorabies virus in swine testicle cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:48. [PMID: 32046705 PMCID: PMC7076820 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radix isatidis has been used in China and other Asian countries for its antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects for thousands of years. However, the antiviral effect of Radix isatidis polysaccharide against pseudorabies virus (PRV) is still unknown. Methods The polysaccharide were isolated from extract of the roots of Radix isatidis. MTT assays were used to determine the preventive effect, inhibitory effect and antiviral effect of Radix isatidis polysaccharide on PRV in vitro. Results This study found that different concentrations of polysaccharides from this plant can inhibit PRV replication by 14.674–30.840%, prevent infection at rates of 6.668–14.923%, and kill this virus at rates of 32.214–67.422%. Conclusion These results broaden the understanding of this traditional Chinese herb and provide a theoretical basis for further research. Moreover, Radix isatidis polysaccharide could be used for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,Wuhu Overseas Student Pioneer Park, Wuhu, 241006, China
| | - Zewen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yanyan Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Tong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,Key Laboratory for Animal-Derived Food Safety of Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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80
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Fahmy NM, Al-Sayed E, Moghannem S, Azam F, El-Shazly M, Singab AN. Breaking Down the Barriers to a Natural Antiviral Agent: Antiviral Activity and Molecular Docking of Erythrina speciosa Extract, Fractions, and the Major Compound. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900511. [PMID: 31800173 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro cytotoxic activity in Vero cells and the antiviral activity of Erythrina speciosa methanol extract, fractions, and isolated vitexin were studied. The results revealed that E. speciosa leaves ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanol extract (ESLE) was the most active against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Bioactivity-guided fractionation was performed on ESLE to isolate the bioactive compounds responsible for this activity. One sub-fraction from ESLE (ESLE IV) showed the highest activity against HSV-1 and Hepatitis A HAV-H10 viruses. Vitexin isolated from ESLE VI exhibited a significant antiviral activity (EC50 =35±2.7 and 18±3.3 μg/mL against HAV-H10 and HSV-1 virus, respectively), which was notably greater than the activity of the extract and the fractions. Molecular docking studies were carried out to explore the molecular interactions of vitexin with different macromolecular targets. Analysis of the in silico data together with the in vitro studies validated the antiviral activity associated with vitexin. These outcomes indicated that vitexin is a potential candidate to be utilized commendably in lead optimization for the development of antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Al-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saad Moghannem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Faizul Azam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, 51911, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.,Center for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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81
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Gao X, Yang L, Bai Y, Li Q, Zhao X, Bian L, Zheng X. Screening of bioactive components from traditional Chinese medicine by immobilized β 2 adrenergic receptor coupled with high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1134-1135:121782. [PMID: 31778946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) represents a valuable resource for lead compounds discovery. Given the complexity of TCM components, analytical methods play a key role in novel drug development. In our study, we established a high specific and reliable bio-active components screen system, where β2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) was immobilized on silica by non-covalent bonds and packed into a stainless steel column (4.6 × 50 mm, 7 μm) to form β2-AR chromatography column. The column was further coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (TOF-MS/MS). By utilizing this strategy, we successfully identified four β2-AR-targeting compounds: tetrahydroberberine, tetrahydrocolumbamine, fumarine and corydaline from Corydalis Rhizome. The association constants between β2-AR and tetrahydroberberine (9.04 × 104/M) as well as fumarine (4.30 × 104/M) were determined by frontal chromatography. We also found that these two compounds shared the identical binding site on immobilized β2-AR with corresponding concentrations of 6.67 × 10-4 M and 5.88 × 10-4 M, respectively. The newly established method represents an efficient tool to identify the target specific natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Lingjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yajun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Liujiao Bian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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82
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Pham DC, Shibu MA, Mahalakshmi B, Velmurugan BK. Effects of phytochemicals on cellular signaling: reviewing their recent usage approaches. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3522-3546. [PMID: 31822111 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1699014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most of the previous studies in last three decades report evidence of interactions between the different phytochemicals and the proteins involved in signal transduction pathways using in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo analyses. However, extrapolation of these findings for clinical purposes has not been that fruitful. The efficacy of the phytochemicals in vivo studies is limited by parameters such as solubility, metabolic degradation, excretion, etc. Various approaches have now been devised to circumvent these limitations. Recently, chemical modification of the phytochemicals are demonstrated to reduce some of the limitations and improve their efficacy. Similar to traditional medicines several combinatorial phytochemical formulations have shown to be more efficient. Further, phytochemicals have been reported to be even more efficient in the form of nanoparticles. However, systematic evaluation of their efficacy, mode of action in pathway modulation, usage and associated challenges is required to be done. The present review begins with basic understanding of how signaling cascades regulate cellular response and the consequences of their dysregulation further summarizing the developments and problems associated with the dietary phytochemicals and also discuss recent approaches in strengthening these compounds in pharmacological applications. Only context relevant studies have been reviewed. Considering the limitations and scope of the article, authors do not claim inclusion of all the early and recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Chuong Pham
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - M A Shibu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - B Mahalakshmi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Bharath Kumar Velmurugan
- Toxicology and Biomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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83
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Xu D, Pan Y, Chen J. Chemical Constituents, Pharmacologic Properties, and Clinical Applications of Bletilla striata. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1168. [PMID: 31736742 PMCID: PMC6838137 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bletilla striata is a plant from the Orchidaceae family that has been employed as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years in China. Here, we briefly review the published studies of the last 30 years that were related to chemical constituents, pharmacologic activities, and clinical applications of B. striata. Approximately 158 compounds have been extracted from B. striata tubers with clarified molecular structures that were classified as glucosides, bibenzyls, phenanthrenes, quinones, biphenanthrenes, dihydrophenanthrenes, anthocyanins, steroids, triterpenoids, and phenolic acids. These chemicals support the pharmacological properties of hemostasis and wound healing, and also exhibit anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, anti-viral, and anti-bacterial activities. Additionally, various clinical trials conducted on B. striata have demonstrated its marked activities as an embolizing and mucosa-protective agent, and its application for use in novel biomaterials, quality control, and toxicology. It also has been widely used as a constituent of many preparations in TCM formulations, but because there are insufficient studies on its clinical properties, its efficacy and safety cannot be established from a scientific point of view. We hope that this review will provide reference for further research and development of this unique plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yinchi Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jishuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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84
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Ullah S, Khalil AA, Shaukat F, Song Y. Sources, Extraction and Biomedical Properties of Polysaccharides. Foods 2019; 8:E304. [PMID: 31374889 PMCID: PMC6723881 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent era, bioactive compounds from plants have received great attention because of their vital health-related activities, such as antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, anticoagulant activity, anti-diabetic activity, UV protection, antiviral activity, hypoglycemia, etc. Previous studies have already shown that polysaccharides found in plants are not likely to be toxic. Based on these inspirational comments, most research focused on the isolation, identification, and bioactivities of polysaccharides. A large number of biologically active polysaccharides have been isolated with varying structural and biological activities. In this review, a comprehensive summary is provided of the recent developments in the physical and chemical properties as well as biological activities of polysaccharides from a number of important natural sources, such as wheat bran, orange peel, barely, fungi, algae, lichen, etc. This review also focused on biomedical applications of polysaccharides. The contents presented in this review will be useful as a reference for future research as well as for the extraction and application of these bioactive polysaccharides as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samee Ullah
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, Center for Functional Foods and Health, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Faryal Shaukat
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, Center for Functional Foods and Health, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, Center for Functional Foods and Health, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
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85
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An W, Lai H, Zhang Y, Liu M, Lin X, Cao S. Apoptotic Pathway as the Therapeutic Target for Anticancer Traditional Chinese Medicines. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:758. [PMID: 31354479 PMCID: PMC6639427 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death and it plays a vital role in human development and tissue homeostasis. Mounting evidence indicates that apoptosis is closely related to the survival of cancer and it has emerged as a key target for the discovery and development of novel anticancer drugs. Various studies indicate that targeting the apoptotic signaling pathway by anticancer drugs is an important mechanism in cancer therapy. Therefore, numerous novel anticancer agents have been discovered and developed from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) by targeting the cellular apoptotic pathway of cancer cells and shown clinically beneficial effects in cancer therapy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion for the role, pharmacology, related biology, and possible mechanism(s) of a number of important anticancer TCMs and their derivatives mainly targeting the cellular apoptotic pathway. It may have important clinical implications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao An
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Honglin Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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86
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Xu Z, Li H, Qin X, Wang T, Hao J, Zhao J, Wang J, Wang R, Wang D, Wei S, Cai H, Zhao Y. Antibacterial evaluation of plants extracts against ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) by microcalorimetry and principal component analysis. AMB Express 2019; 9:101. [PMID: 31297618 PMCID: PMC6624225 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics abuse has caused increased bacterial resistance, which severely limits the application of antibiotics to the treatment of bacterial infections. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new antibacterial drugs through other sources. Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe (Ren Mianzi in Chinese) is a traditional medicinal material derived from Anacardiaceae with a long history of treating various infectious diseases, such as decubitus and skin ulcers. Recent research has indicated that different extracts from the leaves of D. dao, especially the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction containing flavonoids and phenolic acids, exhibit potent antibacterial activities. In this research, the combined anti-drug-resistant bacterial activities of these active ingredients were investigated. Six samples (S1-S6) were obtained from the EtOAc fraction of D. dao leaves. Microcalorimetric measurements and principal component analysis were performed on the in vitro samples. The results showed that all six samples had notable antibacterial activities. Specifically, sample S6 exhibited a prominent antibacterial effect, with an IC50 value of 84.3 μg mL-1, which was significantly lower than that of other samples. The relative contents of main flavonoids and phenolic acids in S6 sample were confirmed by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. In conclusion, sample S6 from the EtOAc fraction of D. dao leaves could be used as a potential antimicrobial resource in the treatment of infectious diseases. This work provides an insight into the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on drug-resistant bacteria. Moreover, the purification and characterization of the chemical compounds from the sample S6 deserve further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Xuhua Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Junjie Hao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094 China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Integrative Medical Center, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Huadan Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100039 China
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87
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Anti-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Activity of Plantago asiatica and Clerodendrum trichotomum Extracts In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070604. [PMID: 31277257 PMCID: PMC6669655 DOI: 10.3390/v11070604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbs Plantago asiatica and Clerodendrum trichotomum have been commonly used for centuries in indigenous and folk medicine in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In this study, we show that extracts from these herbs have antiviral effects against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in vitro cell cultures and an in vivo mouse model. Treatment of HEp2 cells and A549 cells with a non-cytotoxic concentration of Plantago asiatica or Clerodendrum trichotomum extract significantly reduced RSV replication, RSV-induced cell death, RSV gene transcription, RSV protein synthesis, and also blocked syncytia formation. Interestingly, oral inoculation with each herb extract significantly improved viral clearance in the lungs of BALB/c mice. Based on reported information and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, the phenolic glycoside acteoside was identified as an active chemical component of both herb extracts. An effective dose of acteoside exhibited similar antiviral effects as each herb extract against RSV in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that extracts of Plantago asiatica and Clerodendrum trichotomum could provide a potent natural source of an antiviral drug candidate against RSV infection.
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88
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Cheng D, Sun L, Zou S, Chen J, Mao H, Zhang Y, Liao N, Zhang R. Antiviral Effects of Houttuynia cordata Polysaccharide Extract on Murine Norovirus-1 (MNV-1)-A Human Norovirus Surrogate. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091835. [PMID: 31086065 PMCID: PMC6539669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Houttuynia cordata is an herbal plant rich in polysaccharides and with several pharmacological activities. Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the most common cause of foodborne viral gastroenteritis throughout the world. In this study, H. cordata polysaccharide (HP), with a molecular weight of ~43 kDa, was purified from H. cordata water extract (HWE). The polysaccharide HP was composed predominantly of galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, and xylose in a molar ratio of 1.56:1.49:1.26:1.11. Methylation and NMR analyses revealed that HP was a pectin-like acidic polysaccharide mainly consisting of α-1,4-linked GalpA, β-1,4-linked Galp, β-1,4-linked Glcp, and β-1,4-linked Xylp residues. To evaluate the antiviral activity of H. cordata extracts, we compared the anti-norovirus potential of HP with HWE and ethanol extract (HEE) from H. cordata by plaque assay (plaque forming units (PFU)/mL) for murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1), a surrogate of HuNoVs. Viruses at high (8.09 log10 PFU/mL) or low (4.38 log10 PFU/mL) counts were mixed with 100, 250, and 500 μg/mL of HP, HWE or HEE and incubated for 30 min at room temperature. H. cordata polysaccharide (HP) was more effective than HEE in reducing MNV-1 plaque formation, but less effective than HWE. When MNV-1 was treated with 500 μg/mL HP, the infectivity of MNV-1 decreased to an undetectable level. The selectivity indexes of each sample were 1.95 for HEE, 5.74 for HP, and 16.14 for HWE. The results of decimal reduction time and transmission electron microscopic revealed that HP has anti-viral effects by deforming and inflating virus particles, thereby inhibiting the penetration of viruses in target cells. These findings suggest that HP might have potential as an antiviral agent in the treatment of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310006, China.
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Songyan Zou
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Haiyan Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Ningbo Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310006, China.
- School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310006, China.
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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89
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Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of a Flavonoid Prescription against Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5201790. [PMID: 31080820 PMCID: PMC6475574 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5201790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is an acute, high fatal contagious disease induced by rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) with acute severe hepatic injury and causes huge economic loss worldwide. In order to develop an effective and reliable drug to treat this disease in clinic, a prescription formulated with baicalin, linarin, icariin, and notoginsenoside R1 (BLIN) according to the theory of syndrome differentiation and treatment in traditional Chinese veterinary medicine was applied to investigate its curative effects against RHD in vivo. The preliminary study results showed that BLIN prescription exerted good curative effect on RHD therapy. To further validate the curative effect and to investigate the possible related curative mechanisms of this drug, the survival rates, the plasma biochemical indexes of hepatic function, the plasma evaluation indexes of oxidative injury, and the RHDV gene expression levels were detected and then the correlation among these indexes was also analyzed. These results showed that BLIN prescription could significantly increase the survival rate, reduce the hepatic injury severity, alleviate the oxidative injury, and decrease the RHDV gene expression level in rabbits infected with RHDV. All these results indicate that BLIN prescription possesses outstanding curative effect against RHD, and the curative mechanism may be related to its antioxidant and anti-RHDV activities. Therefore, this prescription can be expected to be exploited into a new candidate for RHD therapy in clinic.
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90
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Huang Z, Pan X, Zhou J, Leung WT, Li C, Wang L. Chinese herbal medicine for acute upper respiratory tract infections and reproductive safety: A systematic review. Biosci Trends 2019; 13:117-129. [PMID: 30930358 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2018.01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURTIs) are common and self-limited in people with normal immunity but sometimes lead to poor clinical outcomes under specific conditions such as pregnancy if not treated appropriately. Chinese herbal medicines (CHM), which are widely used to treat AURTIs, have proven to be effective in preclinical and clinical studies. This review focuses on the bioactivities of typical CHM and the adverse reactions they cause, and especially issues with reproductive safety when treating AURTIs. The main mechanisms for clinical efficacy may include anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and immunomodulatory action as indicated by preclinical evidence. Most clinical trials indicate that CHM shortens the natural course of AURTIs and that it relieves related symptoms such as a fever, headaches, coughing, myalgia, a cold, sore throat, and a nasal obstruction. However, some CHM have a range of adverse effects and potentially affect reproduction from endocrinal secretion to embryo development while others do not. Therefore, clinical adverse reactions and preclinical studies on the toxicity of CHM are discussed. More reliable evidence is required to conclude that CHM are efficacious and safe for pregnant women with AURTIs. This review should help to promote advances in the research on and development of CHM as alternative treatments for AURTIs and offer insight into strategies to manage the safety of CHM during clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengshu Huang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Xinyao Pan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Wing Ting Leung
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Chuyu Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
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91
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Lin L, Yan H, Chen J, Xie H, Peng L, Xie T, Zhao X, Wang S, Shan J. Application of metabolomics in viral pneumonia treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. Chin Med 2019; 14:8. [PMID: 30911327 PMCID: PMC6417174 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been reported to provide reliable therapies for viral pneumonia, but the therapeutic mechanism remains unknown. As a systemic approach, metabolomics provides an opportunity to clarify the action mechanism of TCMs, TCM syndromes or after TCM treatment. This review aims to provide the metabolomics evidence available on TCM-based therapeutic measures against viral pneumonia. Metabolomics has been gradually applied to the efficacy evaluation of TCMs in treatment of viral pneumonia and the metabolomics analysis exhibits a systemic metabolic shift in lipid, amino acids, and energy metabolism. Currently, most studies of TCM in treatment of viral pneumonia are untargeted metabolomics and further validations on targeted metabolomics should be carried out together with molecular biology technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Hua Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Huihui Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Linxiu Peng
- School of Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Tong Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Shouchuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
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92
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Ding Y, Li N, Sun J, Zhang L, Guo J, Hao X, Sun Y. Oxymatrine Inhibits Bocavirus MVC Replication, Reduces Viral Gene Expression and Decreases Apoptosis Induced by Viral Infection. Virol Sin 2019; 34:78-87. [PMID: 30805776 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OMT), as the main active component of Sophoraflavescens, exhibits a variety of pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-viral activities, and currently is extensively employed to treat viral hepatitis; however, its effects on parvovirus infection have yet to be reported. In the present study, we investigated the effects of OMT on cell viability, virus DNA replication, viral gene expression, cell cycle, and apoptosis in Walter Reed canine cells/3873D infected with minute virus of canines (MVC). OMT, at concentrations below 4 mmol/L(no cellular toxicity), was found to inhibit MVC DNA replication and reduce viral gene expression at both mRNA and protein levels, which was associated with the inhibition of cell cycle S-phase arrest in early-stage of MVC infection. Furthermore, OMT significantly increased cell viability, decreased MVC-infected cell apoptosis, and reduced the expression of activated caspase 3. Our results suggest that OMT has potential application in combating parvovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jinhan Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Linran Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xueqi Hao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yuning Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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93
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Huh J, Song JH, Kim SR, Cho HM, Ko HJ, Yang H, Sung SH. Lignan Dimers from Forsythia viridissima Roots and Their Antiviral Effects. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:232-238. [PMID: 30676026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Six new dimeric lignans (1-6) and one new lignan glycoside (16) were isolated from Forsythia viridissima roots along with nine known lignans (7-15). Spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods were used to determine these new structures and their absolute configurations. Among these compounds, dimatairesinol (1) and viridissimaols A-E (2-6) were assigned as dimers of dibenzylbutyrolactone analogues. Furthermore, the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiviral activities against coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and human rhinovirus 1B (HRV1B). In these tests, compounds 12 and 15 showed antiviral effects against CVB3 infection with IC50 values of 15.4 and 36.4 μM, respectively, while 2, 3, 8, and 9 showed activities against HRV1B with IC50 values of 45.7, 47.5, 13.0, and 43.2 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmoo Huh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Hyo Moon Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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94
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Cui Q, Du R, Anantpadma M, Schafer A, Hou L, Tian J, Davey RA, Cheng H, Rong L. Identification of Ellagic Acid from Plant Rhodiola rosea L. as an Anti-Ebola Virus Entry Inhibitor. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040152. [PMID: 29584652 PMCID: PMC5923446 DOI: 10.3390/v10040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent 2014-2016 West African Ebola virus epidemic underscores the need for the development of novel anti-Ebola therapeutics, due to the high mortality rates of Ebola virus infections and the lack of FDA-approved vaccine or therapy that is available for the prevention and treatment. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) represent a huge reservoir of bioactive chemicals and many TCMs have been shown to have antiviral activities. 373 extracts from 128 TCMs were evaluated using a high throughput assay to screen for inhibitors of Ebola virus cell entry. Extract of Rhodiola rosea displayed specific and potent inhibition against cell entry of both Ebola virus and Marburg virus. In addition, twenty commercial compounds that were isolated from Rhodiola rosea were evaluated using the pseudotyped Ebola virus entry assay, and it was found that ellagic acid and gallic acid, which are two structurally related compounds, are the most effective ones. The activity of the extract and the two pure compounds were validated using infectious Ebola virus. The time-of-addition experiments suggest that, mechanistically, the Rhodiola rosea extract and the effective compounds act at an early step in the infection cycle following initial cell attachment, but prior to viral/cell membrane fusion. Our findings provide evidence that Rhodiola rosea has potent anti-filovirus properties that may be developed as a novel anti-Ebola treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Ruikun Du
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Manu Anantpadma
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
| | - Adam Schafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Lin Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Jingzhen Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Robert A Davey
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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95
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Jiang CY, Huang JW, Jie C, Yan C, Li YT, Kurihara H, Li YF, He RR. Wanglaoji Herbal Tea Protects Against Influenza-induced Pneumonia in Restraint-Stressed Mice via its Anti-inflammatory Effects. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.342.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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96
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Danshenol A inhibits TNF-α-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mediated by NOX4 in endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12953. [PMID: 29021525 PMCID: PMC5636799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ICAM-1 overexpression and subsequent adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells play critical roles in the early stage of atherosclerosis. Danshenol A (DA) is an abietane-type diterpenoid isolated from traditional Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The mechanisms under its regulation of adhesion of molecular expression are explored. Here, the effect of DA on TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression was investigated in endothelial cells. TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression and subsequent adhesion of monocytes, as well as elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and NOX4 expression were all significantly reversed by DA, siNOX4 and NOX4 inhibitor GKT137831. Furthermore, TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression, which was increased via IKKβ/IκBα-mediated activation of NF-κB p65, was also inhibited by DA. Interestingly, NOX4 overexpression suppressed the ICAM-1 expression, and this finding may be ascribed to the activation of Nrf-2. Additionally, NF-κB inhibitor PDTC, siNOX4, or DA can decrease the TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression and suppress the adhesion of monocytes. In all, DA inhibited TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression and subsequent monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells through the NOX4-dependent IKKβ/NF-κB pathway. Besides, NOX4 played dual role in regulating ICAM-1 expression via diverse signal pathway. This novel bioactivity will make DA a good candidate to be further explored for therapeutic or preventive application for atherosclerosis.
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97
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Hishiki T, Kato F, Tajima S, Toume K, Umezaki M, Takasaki T, Miura T. Hirsutine, an Indole Alkaloid of Uncaria rhynchophylla, Inhibits Late Step in Dengue Virus Lifecycle. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1674. [PMID: 28912773 PMCID: PMC5582420 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes and is a public health issue worldwide. No antiviral drugs specific for treating dengue infection are currently available. To identify novel DENV inhibitors, we analyzed a library of 95 compounds and 120 extracts derived from crude drugs (herbal medicines). In the primary screening, A549 cells infected with DENV-1 were cultured in the presence of each compound and extract at a final concentration of 10 μM (compound) and 100 μg/mL (extract), and reduction of viral focus formation was assessed. Next, we eliminated compounds and extracts which were cytotoxic using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Hirsutine, an indole alkaloid of Uncaria rhynchophylla, was identified as a potent anti-DENV compound exhibiting high efficacy and low cytotoxicity. Hirsutine showed antiviral activity against all DENV serotypes. Time-of-drug-addition and time-of-drug-elimination assays indicated that hirsutine inhibits the viral particle assembly, budding, or release step but not the viral translation and replication steps in the DENV lifecycle. A subgenomic replicon system was used to confirm that hirsutine does not restrict viral genome RNA replication. Hirsutine is a novel DENV inhibitor and potential candidate for treating dengue fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Hishiki
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Kato
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tajima
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyo, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Toume
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | - Masahito Umezaki
- Division of Chemo-Bioinformatics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
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98
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Zhang Y, Han H, Sun L, Qiu H, Lin H, Yu L, Zhu W, Qi J, Yang R, Pang Y, Wang X, Lu G, Yang Y. Antiviral activity of shikonin ester derivative PMM-034 against enterovirus 71 in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e6586. [PMID: 28832767 PMCID: PMC5561812 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the major causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), particularly in infants and children below 4 years of age. Shikonin is a bioactive compound with anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial activities derived from the roots of the Chinese medicinal herb Lithospermum erythrorhizon. This study aimed to examine the antiviral activity of PMM-034, a shikonin ester derivative, against EV71 in rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. Cytotoxicity of PMM-034 on RD cells was determined using WST-1 assay. Dose- and time-dependent effects of PMM-034 on EV71 replication in RD cells were determined using plaque reduction assay. mRNA expression levels of EV71/VP1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) were determined by real-time RT-PCR, and EV71/VP1 and phospho-p65 protein expressions were determined by western blot analysis. PMM-034 exhibited only weak cytotoxicity against RD cells. However, PMM-034 exhibited significant antiviral activity against EV71 in RD cells with 50% inhibitory concentration of 2.31 μg/mL. The VP1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced in cells treated with PMM-034. Furthermore, relative mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α significantly decreased in the cells treated with PMM-034, while the phospho-p65 protein expression was also significantly lower in the treated cells. These results indicated that PMM-034 suppressed the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RD cells, exhibiting antiviral activity against EV71, as evidenced by the reduced VP1 mRNA and protein levels in PMM-034-treated cells. Thus, PMM-034 is a promising candidate for further development as an EV71 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Suzhou Industrial Park Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - H Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Sun
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Yu
- Suzhou Industrial Park Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - W Zhu
- Suzhou Industrial Park Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - J Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - R Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - G Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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99
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Zhong Y, Zhou J, Liang N, Liu B, Lu R, He Y, Liang C, Wu J, Zhou Y, Hu M, Zhou J. Effect of Maxing Shigan Tang on H1N1 Influenza A Virus-Associated Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Intervirology 2017; 59:267-274. [PMID: 28468008 DOI: 10.1159/000458726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is aimed at examining the effects of Maxing Shigan Tang (MST) treatment on H1N1-associated acute lung injury (ALI) and exploring the possible mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice were randomly divided into a control group, model group, peroxisomal proliferator activator receptor γ (PPARγ) inhibition group (PPARγ-), PPARγ activation group (PPARγ+), and MST group. Influenza A (H1N1) virus of the Fort Monmouth 1 (FM1) strain was used to induce an ALI mice model. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to investigate the effect of MST treatment on H1N1-associated ALI. Cell apoptosis of lung tissues of each group were conducted through transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling methods. Moreover, the expression level of caspase 3, activity of caspase 3, and serum level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α of each group were also analyzed. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis were carried out to detect angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) expression level. RESULTS We found that mice infected with the FM1 strain of H1N1 influenza A virus developed severe ALI, and MST could improve H1N1-induced ALI. Moreover, MST decreased lung cell apoptosis and reduced the serum content of TNF-α. In addition, MST significantly induced the ANGPTL4 expression in H1N1-induced ALI. CONCLUSION MST improves H1N1-associated ALI maybe through targeting ANGPTL4 in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Zhong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guanzhou, China
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100
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Variations of metabolites and proteome in Lonicera japonica Thunb. buds and flowers under UV radiation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:404-413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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