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Changes in Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Lifestyle Behaviors Following COVID-19 Shelter-in-Place: A Retrospective Study. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112553. [PMID: 34828834 PMCID: PMC8619493 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption poses a potential risk to public health and may be related to shelter-in-place orders. This study utilized the level of food processing as a lens by which to examine the relationships between diet, weight change, and lifestyle changes (including cooking, snacking, and sedentary activity) that occurred during regional shelter-in-place orders. This study used a cross-sectional, retrospective survey (n = 589) to assess baseline demographics, changes in lifestyle behaviors using a Likert scale, and changes in dietary behaviors using a modified food frequency questionnaire from mid-March to May 2020; data were collected in the California Bay Area from August to October 2020. Foods were categorized by level of processing (minimally processed, processed, and ultra-processed) using the NOVA scale. Stepwise multiple linear regression and univariate linear regression models were used to determine the associations between these factors. Increased snacking was positively associated with a change in the percent of the calories derived from UPF and weight gain (β = 1.0, p < 0.001; β = 0.8 kg, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with the share of MPF calories consumed (β = −0.9, p < 0.001). These relationships have public health implications as interventions designed around decreased snacking may positively impact diet and weight management and thereby mitigate negative health outcomes.
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Wang S, Liu Y, Du Y, Wang X. Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Consumers' Impulse Buying: The Moderating Role of Moderate Thinking. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11116. [PMID: 34769636 PMCID: PMC8583521 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on event systems theory, this study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumers' impulse buying, as well as the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions from the perspective of individual consumers. Results of three experiments (N = 437) show that, first, the COVID-19 pandemic enhanced consumers' impulse buying behavior. Second, two key elements, loss of control and anxiety, mediated the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and impulse buying; and third, moderate thinking (also known as Zhong-Yong thinking) moderated the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and impulse buying. The findings indicate that in consumers with low moderate thinking, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a stronger effect on impulse buying and has mediated more between the loss of control and anxiety. Conversely, in consumers with high moderate thinking, COVID-19 has had a weaker effect on impulse buying and has mediated less between loss of control and anxiety. This study extends the application of event systems theory and enriches the literature on how the COVID-19 pandemic affects consumer behavior. Furthermore, it provides strategic recommendations for government and consumer responses to COVID-19 pandemic shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Management, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (S.W.); (Y.D.); (X.W.)
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Dijksterhuis GB, van Bergen G, de Wijk RA, Zandstra EH, Kaneko D, Vingerhoeds M. Exploring impact on eating behaviour, exercise and well-being during COVID-19 restrictions in the Netherlands. Appetite 2021; 168:105720. [PMID: 34597741 PMCID: PMC8479541 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Many studies address the effect of the COVID-19 restrictions on food consumption and health, focusing on one or two measurements. Whether or not any effects are permanent or change over a longer period of restrictions has not been assessed in such studies. This study presented a survey containing questions on food consumption, exercise and self-assessed physical and mental health, repeatedly for six times over a 20-week period (July to November 2020) to a representative sample of 258 Dutch consumers. The majority of consumers reported no change in food consumption compared to before the COVID-19 restrictions, two smaller groups report a change to a more, or a less, healthy choice. This trend appears stable over the course of the measurements. The ‘healthy changers’ seem to couple a healthy and more diverse diet to healthy exercise habits, in contrast to the ‘unhealthy changers’. No change was observed in self-assessed physical health over the measurements. Overall a decline in time spent exercising showed, as well as a decline in self-assessed mental health. Clearly a lockdown situation affects food choice, exercise habits and (self-assessed) mental health. The fact that habits are able to suddenly change, for better or for worse, and that a decrease in mental health was reported, suggests that such insights need to be further explored to help individual consumers retain a healthy diet and lifestyle, and governments devise effective public health recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garmt B Dijksterhuis
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 17, NL 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Geertje van Bergen
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 17, NL 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - René A de Wijk
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 17, NL 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Elizabeth H Zandstra
- Human Nutrition & Health, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Unilever Foods Innovation Centre Wageningen, Bronland 14, 6708 WH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Daisuke Kaneko
- Kikkoman Europe R&D Laboratory B.V., Nieuwe Kanaal 7G, 6709 PA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Monique Vingerhoeds
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 17, NL 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Lifestyle Changes among Polish University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189571. [PMID: 34574496 PMCID: PMC8469884 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Students worldwide have been impacted by nationwide safety closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic, creating an environment with loss of interaction with colleagues, social isolation, boredom, and economic uncertainty. Since university students were considered uniquely vulnerable to mental health problems even before the pandemic, this study aimed to investigate lifestyle and behavioral changes experienced by this population due to the epidemiological situation and their effect on their mental health. Data were collected via an online survey conducted among university students across Poland. The survey addressed recent lifestyle changes that were a result of the pandemic as well as psychological distress, symptoms of insomnia and symptoms of post-traumatic stress. The results indicate that protective factors include maintaining a daily routine, staying physically active, following a usual eating pattern and taking care of sleep hygiene. Changes in behavior contributing to poorer mental health included giving up a daily routine, neglecting meals, tidiness, hygiene as well as social relationships, changes in food intake, sleeping schedule, a decrease in physical activity and the onset of sexual dysfunctions. A history of psychiatric treatment and an increase in self-harm as well as an increase in alcohol and tobacco consumption were also found to be associated with psychological distress. Experienced lifestyle and behavioral changes and their impact on mental health were apparent throughout the obtained data, highlighting the need for psychological support in the studied population. Based on the results we were able to establish a list of protective and risk factors influencing the everyday life and psychological wellbeing of students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, which could also be translated into life skills.
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Campbell H, Wood AC. Challenges in Feeding Children Posed by the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Systematic Review of Changes in Dietary Intake Combined with a Dietitian's Perspective. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:155-165. [PMID: 33993426 PMCID: PMC8123103 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine the evidence that the dietary quality of children changed between the period preceding the COVID-19 pandemic and the first year during the pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS A systematic review of the evidence for dietary changes occurring as a result of the pandemic-related restrictions, in Part I of this article, yielded 38 original research articles. These articles had conflicting results, some describing improvements in overall quality and some describing deteriorations. As a whole the studies were characterized by a low study quality, and children were poorly represented. Taken together, these studies do not provide enough evidence to draw conclusions about whether dietary habits changed or not as a result of the pandemic. However, in a wider, narrative review of the psychosocial changes occurring as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the known associations of these factors with a dietary intake in Part II, we conclude that there is a reason to expect that the dietary quality of children might have been adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. One the one hand, the literature fails to provide conclusive evidence on changes in the dietary quality of children resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, the broader literature supports the hypothesis that children's dietary quality will have declined during the pandemic. Taken together, we urgently need more high-quality research on children's changes in dietary intake occurring over the pandemic. This will provide important information on whether any potential long-term consequences of such changes, if they exist, need to be examined and ameliorated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis C Wood
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1000 Bates Street, Houston, TX, 77071, USA.
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Silva FB, Osborn DE, Owens MR, Kirkland T, Moore CE, Patterson MA, Tucker WJ, Miketinas DC, Davis KE. Influence of COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions on College Students' Dietary Quality and Experience of the Food Environment. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082790. [PMID: 34444951 PMCID: PMC8400929 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic restrictions sent college students online and off campus, potentially reducing access to healthy food. The objective of this cross-sectional, internet-based study was to use qualitative and quantitative survey methods to evaluate whether COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in Texas, USA affected college students’ ability to buy food, how/what they shopped for, how they prepared food, what they ate, how they felt about eating, and overall dietary quality (assessed using Healthy Eating Index [HEI] scores). Survey responses from 502 students (87.5% female; 59.6% nonwhite, mean age 27.5 ± 0.4 years, >50% graduate students) were analyzed. The qualitative analysis of open-ended questions revealed 110 codes, 17 subthemes, and six themes. Almost all students experienced changes in at least one area, the most common being changes in shopping habits. Participants with low or very low food security had lower HEI scores compared to food secure students (p = 0.047). Black students were more likely to report changes in their ability to buy food (p = 0.035). The COVID-19 restrictions varied in their impact on students’ ability to access sufficient healthy food, with some students severely affected. Thus, universities should establish procedures for responding to emergencies, including identifying at-risk students and mobilizing emergency funds and/or food assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francilia Brito Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX 76024, USA; (F.B.S.); (D.E.O.)
| | - Dawn E. Osborn
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX 76024, USA; (F.B.S.); (D.E.O.)
| | - Meghan R. Owens
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.R.O.); (C.E.M.); (M.A.P.); (W.J.T.); (D.C.M.)
| | - Tracie Kirkland
- Department of Nursing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Carolyn E. Moore
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.R.O.); (C.E.M.); (M.A.P.); (W.J.T.); (D.C.M.)
| | - Mindy A. Patterson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.R.O.); (C.E.M.); (M.A.P.); (W.J.T.); (D.C.M.)
- Institute for Women’s Health, College of Health Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wesley J. Tucker
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.R.O.); (C.E.M.); (M.A.P.); (W.J.T.); (D.C.M.)
- Institute for Women’s Health, College of Health Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Derek C. Miketinas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.R.O.); (C.E.M.); (M.A.P.); (W.J.T.); (D.C.M.)
| | - Kathleen E. Davis
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX 76024, USA; (F.B.S.); (D.E.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +01-940-898-2651
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Rogers AM, Lauren BN, Woo Baidal JA, Ozanne EM, Hur C. Persistent effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on diet, exercise, risk for food insecurity, and quality of life: A longitudinal study among U.S. adults. Appetite 2021; 167:105639. [PMID: 34384807 PMCID: PMC8990782 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has affected the health and well-being of almost every American. The aim of this study was to examine the sustained impacts of COVID-19 prevention measures on the diet and exercise habits, risk for food insecurity, and quality of life among adults in the U.S. We conducted a longitudinal study using a convenience sample of participants recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform between March 30 and April 7, 2020, and 8 months into the outbreak, from November 2 to November 21, 2020. We compared self-reported diet and exercise habits and risk for food insecurity shortly after the pandemic began, in April, to those reported in November. We also measured changes in quality-of-life using the PROMIS-29 + 2 (PROPr) scale. A total of 636 respondents completed both surveys. Compared to reports in April, respondents ate lunch and dinner out more frequently in November and consumed more take-out and fast food. Weekly frequencies of consuming frozen food and the number of daily meals were slightly lower in November than they were in April. 54% of respondents screened positively for being at risk for food insecurity in April, reducing to 41% by November. In April, survey respondents were found to have lower quality-of-life relative to U.S. population norms, but by November levels of depression and cognitive function had improved. Our findings underscore how the initial effects of the pandemic on diet, exercise, risk for food insecurity, and quality of life have evolved. As U.S. states re-open, continued efforts to encourage healthy eating and support mental health, especially to reduce feelings of anxiety and social isolation, remain important to mitigate the potential long-term effects of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Rogers
- Department of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Healthcare Innovations Research and Evaluation, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brianna N Lauren
- Department of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Healthcare Innovations Research and Evaluation, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer A Woo Baidal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elissa M Ozanne
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chin Hur
- Department of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Healthcare Innovations Research and Evaluation, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Dun Y, Ripley-Gonzalez JW, Zhou N, You B, Li Q, Li H, Zhang W, Thomas RJ, Olson TP, Liu J, Dong Y, Liu S. Weight gain in Chinese youth during a 4-month COVID-19 lockdown: a retrospective observational study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e052451. [PMID: 34301671 PMCID: PMC8300557 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To observe the weight change in Chinese youth during a 4-month COVID-19 lockdown, and the association between weight change and mental health, physical activity and sedentary time changes, and dietary habits. DESIGN A retrospective observational study. SETTINGS Two universities located in Zhejiang and Hunan provinces, China. PARTICIPANTS This study enrolled 12 889 college students whose body weight was measured before the lockdown (1 December 2019-20 January 2020) at the two universities, and reported their weight measured at home or community after the end of the lockdown (1-23 May 2020) via an online follow-up questionnaire. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the weight change in Chinese youth during a 4-month lockdown resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary outcomes were the relationships of weight change to COVID-19-related stress, depression, anxiety, physical activity and sedentary time changes, and dietary habits. RESULTS Participants' ages ranged from 17 to 27 years (M=19, SD=1) with 80.2% identified as female. The average absolute and relative changes in body weight were 2.6 (95% CI 2.0 to 3.2)) kg and 4.2% (95% CI 4.0% to 4.3%) for men, and 2.1 (1.9 to 2.4) kg and 4.2% (95% CI 3.9% to 4.4%) for women. An increase in overweight and obese individuals according to Asian cut-off points as a demographic percentage by 4.5% and 2.7% and 4.8% and 3.4% in men and women, respectively (P<0.001), was observed. Weight gain was significantly associated with increased sedentary time and an increase in COVID-19-related stress and depression score. CONCLUSION The present study's results suggest that the risk of weight gain in Chinese youth during the lockdown increased and that strategies to decrease sedentary time and improve mental health may be warranted to mitigate weight gain during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoshan Dun
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Ripley-Gonzalez
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nanjiang Zhou
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Baiyang You
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuxia Li
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Randal J Thomas
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas P Olson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yuchen Dong
- Medical College, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Luo M, Wang Q, Yang S, Jia P. Changes in patterns of take-away food ordering among youths before and after COVID-19 lockdown in China: the COVID-19 Impact on Lifestyle Change Survey (COINLICS). Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1121-1131. [PMID: 34254188 PMCID: PMC8274963 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The lockdown due to COVID-19 may have led to changes in food ordering patterns among youths, which could affect their dietary patterns and the operation of the restaurant industry. Objectives This study aimed to examine the impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on patterns of take-away food ordering among youth in China. Methods The COVID-19 Impact on Lifestyle Change Survey (COINLICS) was conducted among youths at three educational levels (high or vocational school, college, and graduate school) in China in early May 2020. Information on patterns of take-away food ordering in the months immediately before and after the COVID-19 lockdown period (23 January to 8 April 2020) was collected through an online questionnaire survey. Results A total of 10,082 participants were included in the analysis. Participants ordering food more than once per week dropped from 15.4 to 9.2%, while 81.1% of participants have never ordered food at both time points. Graduate students, although experiencing a decrease in food ordering for more than once per week (from 33.3 to 10.7%), were more likely to order food compared to undergraduate and high school students. A slight increase was observed for ordering fried food or hamburgers and for breakfast and midnight snacks. Conclusions The youth have generally ordered take-away food less frequently after COVID-19 lockdown, and the times and types of ordering have both changed. These findings would contribute solid evidence to the current knowledge pool for reference of health promotion communities to keep youth’s lifestyles healthy and of the restaurant industry to achieve more cost-effective operation in China during future health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyang Luo
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinjian Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujuan Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.
| | - Peng Jia
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.
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Munekata PE, Pérez-Álvarez JÁ, Pateiro M, Viuda-Matos M, Fernández-López J, Lorenzo JM. Satiety from healthier and functional foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bell LM, Smith R, van de Venter EC, Shuttleworth C, Wilson K, Lycett D. COVID-19 stressors, wellbeing and health behaviours: a cross-sectional study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 43:e453-e461. [PMID: 34195830 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the implementation of pandemic response measures, concerns arose regarding the impact for population health and wellbeing. METHODS This study reports findings from a survey (N = 2510) conducted in Warwickshire (UK) during August and September 2020, and for the first time investigates behaviours which may worsen or mitigate the association between COVID-19-related stressors and wellbeing. RESULTS Increased stressors were associated with lower mental wellbeing and higher loneliness. Participants with a mental health condition reported lower wellbeing, as did younger groups, women and participants not in employment. To cope with restrictions, more participants engaged in healthier behaviours over unhealthy behaviours, and relaxing reduced the association between stressors and poor wellbeing. Some participants reported increasing alcohol and unhealthy dietary behaviours to cope with restrictions, however, these behaviours did not mitigate the impact of COVID-19 stressors and were instead negatively associated with wellbeing. Around half of participants helped neighbours during the pandemic, a behaviour positively associated with wellbeing particularly among older adults. CONCLUSION These findings contribute understanding about how various positive and negative health behaviours may mitigate or worsen the impact of COVID-19 on wellbeing, and how public health interventions may effectively target behaviours and groups in similar populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Bell
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - R Smith
- Business Intelligence Team, Warwickshire County Council, Warwick CV34 4RL, UK
| | - E C van de Venter
- Public Health Team, Warwickshire County Council, Warwick, CV34 4RL and NHS Coventry & Warwickshire CCG, Warwick CV34 4DE, UK
| | - C Shuttleworth
- Public Health Team, Warwickshire County Council, Warwick, CV34 4RL, UK
| | - K Wilson
- Public Health Team, Warwickshire County Council, Warwick, CV34 4RL, UK
| | - D Lycett
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
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Avery A, Toon J, Kent J, Holloway L, Lavin J, Bennett SE. Impact of COVID-19 on health-related behaviours, well-being and weight management. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1152. [PMID: 34134642 PMCID: PMC8206879 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight management is complex for people even in times of stability. Supporting individuals to develop strategies to maintain a healthier weight when there are additional life challenges may prevent relapse. This mixed-methods study describes the impact the COVID-19 restrictions had on adults engaged in weight management before and during the pandemic in order to determine helpful strategies. METHODS Longitudinal data was captured from online surveys completed by Slimming World (SW) members 0-4 weeks after joining, October/November 2019, providing pre-joining and baseline (T0&T1), 3- (T2) and 6- month (T3-during COVID-19) data. Representatives from the general population, not attending a weight management service, completed the same questionnaires providing cross-sectional control data. All weights are self-reported. For this study, questions assessing the impact of the COVID-19 challenges on health-related behaviours and well-being are included comparing responses at T0/T1, T2 & T3. Longitudinal data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA and cross-sectional data, one-way independent ANOVAs to compare means. Comparisons between SW members and controls were determined using z-proportion tests. Qualitative data generated was thematically analysed using a six-step approach to produce the key emerging themes. RESULTS 222 SW members completed all three surveys, achieving a weight loss of 7.7 ± 7.5%. They maintained positive health-related behaviour changes made since joining, including increased fruit and vegetables (p < 0.001), fewer sugary drinks (p < 0.001), cooking from scratch (p < 0.001) and increased activity levels (p < 0.001). Despite COVID-19 restrictions, they were still reporting improvements in all behaviours and had healthier scores than the controls on all but alcohol intake, although still within guidelines. Qualitative data indicated that the situation created various challenges to managing weight with fresh foods harder to access, comfort eating, drinking more alcohol, eating more sugary foods and snacking through boredom. However, some reported having more free time enabling better planning, more time to cook from scratch and increased physical activity. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the value of peer, group and online support and guidance for individuals to develop sustainable behaviour changes and a level of resilience. These strategies can then be drawn upon enabling maintenance of lifestyle changes and management of weight even in challenging times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Avery
- The University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK. .,Slimming World, Alfreton, Derbyshire, England, DE55 4SW.
| | - Josef Toon
- Slimming World, Alfreton, Derbyshire, England, DE55 4SW
| | - Jennifer Kent
- Slimming World, Alfreton, Derbyshire, England, DE55 4SW
| | | | - Jacquie Lavin
- Slimming World, Alfreton, Derbyshire, England, DE55 4SW
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63
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Bhutani S, vanDellen MR, Haskins LB, Cooper JA. Energy Balance-Related Behavior Risk Pattern and Its Correlates During COVID-19 Related Home Confinement. Front Nutr 2021; 8:680105. [PMID: 34169088 PMCID: PMC8217605 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.680105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-reported weight gain during the COVID-19 shelter-at-home has raised concerns for weight increases as the pandemic continues. We aimed to investigate the relationship of psychological and health markers with energy balance-related behaviors during the pandemic-related extended home confinement. Ratings for stress, boredom, cravings, sleep, self-control, and beliefs about weight control were collected from 1,609 adults using a questionnaire between April 24th-May 4th, 2020, while COVID-19 associated shelter-in-place guidelines were instituted across the US. We calculated four energy balance behavior scores (physical activity risk index, unhealthy eating risk index, healthy eating risk index, sedentary behavior index), and conducted a latent profile analysis of the risk factors. We examined psychological and health correlates of these risk patterns. Boredom, cravings for sweet/savory foods, and high sleepiness ratings related to high risk of increasing unhealthy eating and sedentary behavior and decreasing physical activity and healthy eating. Having greater self-control, control over cravings, or positive mood was related to lowering all aspects of energy intake and energy expenditure risks. Although individuals in risk pattern classes showed similarity in physical activity and healthy/unhealthy eating habits, they exhibited different patterns of positive mood, craving control, food cravings, boredom, and self-control. Psychological and health variables may have a significant role to play in risk behaviors associated with weight gain during the COVID-19 related home confinement. Emerging behavioral patterns may be meaningful in developing targeted weight management interventions during the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Bhutani
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - LeeAnn B. Haskins
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jamie A. Cooper
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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64
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Buckland NJ, Kemps E. Low craving control predicts increased high energy density food intake during the COVID-19 lockdown: Result replicated in an Australian sample. Appetite 2021; 166:105317. [PMID: 34048847 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to replicate a previous UK-based finding that low craving control predicts increased intake of high energy density foods (HED) during the COVID-19 lockdown, and extend this finding to adults living in Victoria, Australia. The study also assessed whether acceptance coping moderates the relationship between craving control and increased HED food intake, and examined the associations between trait disinhibition, perceived stress and changes to HED food intake. An online survey completed by 124 adults living in Victoria, Australia (total eligible n = 147; 38.5 ± 12.9 years) during the COVID-19 lockdown showed that 49% of participants reported increased overall food intake, and 21-29% reported increased intake of HED sweet and savoury foods during the COVID-19 lockdown. Of the eating behaviour traits assessed, low craving control was the only significant predictor of increased HED sweet and savoury food intake (cognitive restraint, disinhibition and emotional eating were non-significant predictors). Perceived stress was associated with reported increases in overall savoury and sweet snack intake, but was not significantly associated with changes to specific HED food groups (sweet and savoury). In this sample, acceptance coping did not significantly moderate the relationship between craving control and increased HED food intake. Based on these replicated findings, further trials should now consider interventions targeting craving control to promote controlled food intake in individuals at-risk of weight gain during the current COVID-19 and future potential lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Buckland
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT, United Kingdom.
| | - Eva Kemps
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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65
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Coakley KE, Le H, Silva SR, Wilks A. Anxiety is associated with appetitive traits in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutr J 2021; 20:45. [PMID: 33985515 PMCID: PMC8118620 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has impacted mental health globally, however, associations between anxiety and appetitive traits during the pandemic are unreported. This study evaluated anxiety symptom severity and associations with appetitive traits in students at a large public University in the U.S. during the pandemic. Methods Current undergraduate and graduate/professional students completed a cross-sectional survey in fall 2020. Demographic information, anxiety symptoms in the past 2 weeks assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and appetitive traits assessed by the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ) were evaluated. Mean scores for eight AEBQ scales (four food approach and four food avoidance traits) were calculated. Differences in mean scores were examined between participants with moderate to severe anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 score ≥ 10) and those with mild to no anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 score < 10) via independent samples t-tests and effect sizes. Associations between GAD-7 score and individual appetitive traits were also examined, adjusting for age and gender. Results Of the 1243 students who completed the survey (57% undergraduates; mean age = 26.5 years), 51.9% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms. Groups experiencing the highest degree of moderate to severe anxiety symptoms included transgender, gender fluid, and other-gendered participants (73.6%); the youngest age group [18–20 years (62%)]; undergraduate students (60.7%); and Hispanic/Latinx participants (57.7%). Participants with moderate to severe anxiety symptoms had higher scores for most food approach and avoidance traits but lower scores for enjoyment of food than those with mild to no anxiety symptoms. Effect sizes were largest for hunger and emotional over-eating (Cohen’s d = 0.31 and 0.30, respectively). Adjusting for age and gender, GAD-7 score was significantly and positively associated with hunger, emotional over-eating, food and satiety responsiveness, and food fussiness and negatively associated with enjoyment of food. Conclusions Over half of students at a U.S. University reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms during COVID-19. More severe anxiety symptoms were associated with increased hunger, emotional over-eating, and food and satiety responsiveness and decreased enjoyment of food. Universities must consider strategies to address anxiety, particularly in younger students; transgender, gender fluid, and students of other genders; and across race/ethnicities keeping in mind associations with appetitive traits. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-021-00701-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Coakley
- College of Education & Human Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Huyen Le
- College of Education & Human Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Spirit Rae Silva
- College of Education & Human Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Aspen Wilks
- College of Education & Human Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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66
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Boaventura B, Antunes LC, Stanford FC. "New normal" routine: the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on chronodisrupture and its consequence on obesity. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1083-1086. [PMID: 33820461 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1909612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brunna Boaventura
- Neuroscience of Eating Behavior Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Neuroendocrine Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, MGH Weight Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA,
| | - Luciana C Antunes
- Neuroscience of Eating Behavior Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Neuroendocrine Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, MGH Weight Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA,
| | - Fatima Cody Stanford
- Neuroscience of Eating Behavior Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Neuroendocrine Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, MGH Weight Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA,
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67
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Ruggiero E, Mignogna C, Costanzo S, Persichillo M, Di Castelnuovo A, Esposito S, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Bonaccio M. Changes in the consumption of foods characterising the Mediterranean dietary pattern and major correlates during the COVID-19 confinement in Italy: results from two cohort studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:1105-1117. [PMID: 33823720 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1895726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of foods characterising the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) and its major correlates in two Italian population-based cohorts comprising 3161 subjects (mean age 57.7 ± 15.4 y). At population level, 38.8% of participants reported an improvement of diet quality during the first nationwide lockdown. Healthful dietary changes were associated with older age (β = 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08, 0.73 for 56-65 vs. 18-39 y), greater wealth (β = 0.45; 0.01, 0.89 for >40,000 ≤ 60,000 vs. ≤ 10,000 EUR/y), increased physical activity (β = 0.52; 0.22, 0.81) and reduced body weight (β = 0.36; 0.11, 0.62). Switching to healthy eating was also related to increased consumption of organic (β = 1.24; 0.88, 1.60) and locally-grown food (β = 0.74; 0.51, 0.96). The first Italian lockdown led, in a substantial part of the population, to higher intake of foods characterising a MDP; this was also accompanied by healthier lifestyle and more sustainable food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Cristiana Mignogna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | | | - Simona Esposito
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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68
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Herle M, Smith AD, Bu F, Steptoe A, Fancourt D. Trajectories of eating behavior during COVID-19 lockdown: Longitudinal analyses of 22,374 adults. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 42:158-165. [PMID: 33745572 PMCID: PMC7871880 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of stay-at-home and lockdown measures. It is currently unknown if the experience of lockdown leads to long term changes in individual's eating behaviors. The objectives of this study were: i) to derive longitudinal trajectories of change in eating during UK lockdown, and ii) to identify risk factors associated with eating behavior trajectories. METHOD Data from 22,374 UK adults from the UCL COVID-19 Social study (a panel study collecting weekly data during the pandemic) were analyzed from 28th March to 29th May 2020. Latent Class Growth Analysis was used to derive trajectories of change in eating. These were then associated with prior socio-economic, health-related and psychological factors using multinomial regression models. RESULTS Analyses suggested five trajectories, with the majority (64%) showing no change in eating. In contrast, one trajectory was marked by persistently eating more, whereas another by persistently eating less. Overall, participants with greater depressive symptoms were more likely to report any change in eating. Loneliness was linked to persistently eating more (OR = 1.07), whereas being single or divorced, as well as stressful life events, were associated with consistently eating less (OR = 1.69). Overall, higher education status was linked to lower odds of changing eating behavior (OR = 0.54-0.77). Secondary exploratory analyses suggest that participants self-reported to have overweight were more commonly categorised into the group consistently eating more, whereas participants with underweigh persistently ate less. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that one third of the sample report changes in quantities eaten throughout the first UK lockdown period. Findings highlight the importance of adjusting public health programs to support eating behaviors in future lockdowns both in this and potential future pandemics. This is particularly important as part of on-going preventive efforts to prevent nutrition-related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Herle
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea D Smith
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Feifei Bu
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
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69
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Sadler JR, Thapaliya G, Jansen E, Aghababian AH, Smith KR, Carnell S. COVID-19 Stress and Food Intake: Protective and Risk Factors for Stress-Related Palatable Food Intake in U.S. Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:901. [PMID: 33802066 PMCID: PMC8000206 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused disruptions to what people eat, but the pandemic's impact on diet varies between individuals. The goal of our study was to test whether pandemic-related stress was associated with food intake, and whether relationships between stress and intake were modified by appetitive and cognitive traits. (2) Methods: We cross-sectionally surveyed 428 adults to examine current intake frequency of various food types (sweets/desserts, savory snacks, fast food, fruits, and vegetables), changes to food intake during the pandemic, emotional overeating (EOE), cognitive flexibility (CF), and COVID-19-related stress. Models tested associations of stress, EOE, and CF with food intake frequency and changes to intake. (3) Results: Models demonstrated that the positive relationship between stress and intake of sweets/desserts was stronger with higher EOE, while the positive relationship between stress and intake of chips/savory snacks was weaker with higher CF. Higher EOE was associated with greater risk of increased intake of palatable foods. (4) Conclusions: Findings suggest that emotional overeating may escalate stress-associated intake of high-sugar foods, and cognitive flexibility may attenuate stress-associated intake of high-fat foods. Differences in appetitive and cognitive traits may explain changes to and variability in food intake during COVID-19, and efforts to decrease emotional overeating and encourage cognitive flexibility could help lessen the effect of COVID-19-related stress on energy dense food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Sadler
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (G.T.); (E.J.); (A.H.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Gita Thapaliya
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (G.T.); (E.J.); (A.H.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Elena Jansen
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (G.T.); (E.J.); (A.H.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Anahys H. Aghababian
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (G.T.); (E.J.); (A.H.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Kimberly R. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (G.T.); (E.J.); (A.H.A.); (S.C.)
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70
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Dos Santos Quaresma MV, Marques CG, Magalhães ACO, Dos Santos RVT. Emotional eating, binge eating, physical inactivity, and vespertine chronotype are negative predictors of dietary practices during COVID-19 social isolation: A cross-sectional study. Nutrition 2021; 90:111223. [PMID: 33934054 PMCID: PMC7941022 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged and rapidly spread worldwide. Several countries have imposed lockdown and isolation in attempt to mitigate viral spread. However, social isolation has a negative effect on psychological aspects, increasing stress, fear, anxiety, anger and emotional disturbance, as well as affecting sleep pattern and the practice of physical activity. Negative emotions and lifestyle changes trigger overeating, consequently affecting dietary practices. The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of lifestyle factors (i.e., sleep time/quality and practice of physical exercise), eating behavior dimensions, chronotype, and association with dietary practices (planning, domestic organization, food choice, ways of eating) in home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 27 and May 25, 2020. An anonymous online questionnaire (Microsoft Forms) was used for data collection by the snowball method. We verified dietary practices (outcome), eating behavior, physical exercise practice, sleep quality and duration, and chronotype (exposure variables). Sex, age, educational and social status were assessed as covariates and confounders. We evaluated 724 adults (585 women and 139 men). Mean age was 32.6 y (±11.3) for women and 33.5 y (±10.5) for men. Results Emotional eating (EE) and binge eating (BE) were positively correlated (r = 0.66; P <0.001). Dietary practices were negatively correlated with BE (r = –0.41; P <0.001), EE (r = –0.33; P <0.001) and body mass index (r = –0.24; P <0.001). Linear regression demonstrated that EE (β = –0.1351; t = –2.841; P = 0.005; ηp2 = 0.013), BE (β = –0.2580; t = –5.612; P < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.050), no practice of physical exercise at home (β = –0.4271; t = –5.933; P < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.055), being vespertine (β = –0.3435; t = 2.076; P = 0.038; ηp2 = 0.019), and age (β = –0.082; t = –2.210; P = 0.027; ηp2 = 0.008) are negative predictors of dietary practices. Finally, cognitive restraint (β = 0.1407; t = 3.858; P < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.024), better sleep quality (β = 0.1768; t = 2.506; P = 0.012; ηp2 = 0.010), receiving 4–10 wages per month (according to a minimum wage in Brazil that corresponds to US $ 183.01) (β = 0.2568; t = 2.573; P = 0.10; ηp2 = 0.027) and 10 – 20 wages per month (β = 0.4490; t = 3.726; P < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.027) are positive predictors of dietary practices. Conclusion Eating behavior, physical exercise, sleep, and social factors can be important predictors for dietary practices during COVID-19 social confinement. Longitudinal studies in Brazil are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli Dos Santos
- Postgraduate program in Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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71
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Siani A, Marley SA. Impact of the recreational use of virtual reality on physical and mental wellbeing during the Covid-19 lockdown. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 11:425-435. [PMID: 33614391 PMCID: PMC7882463 DOI: 10.1007/s12553-021-00528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about significant changes to most aspects of our lives. As a result of the quarantine enforced by governments and authorities worldwide, people had to suddenly adapt their daily routines, including work, study, diet, leisure and fitness activities to the new circumstances. A growing body of research indicates that the engagement with virtual reality (VR) activities can have a positive impact on users’ mental and physical wellbeing. This study aims to evaluate the impact of VR activities on users under lockdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic. An online survey was carried out to investigate the recreational use of VR during the lockdown period and to gather users’ opinions on its impact on their physical and mental health. Non-parametric tests were used to evaluate the statistical significance of the responses provided by the 646 participants. The results of the survey show that VR use has significantly increased during the lockdown period for most participants, who expressed overwhelmingly positive opinions on the impact of VR activities on their mental and physical wellbeing. Strikingly, self-reported intensity of physical activity was considerably more strenuous in VR users than in console users. Given the current uncertainty as to the duration and course of the pandemic, as well as the possibility of intermittent lockdown in the upcoming years, the outcomes of this study could have a significant impact towards the development and deployment of VR-based strategies aimed at helping the population cope with prolonged social distancing, with particular regards to vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Siani
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry 1st Street, PO1 2DY Portsmouth, UK
| | - Sarah Anne Marley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry 1st Street, PO1 2DY Portsmouth, UK
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