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Pan YK, Khursigara AJ, Johansen JL, Esbaugh AJ. The effects of oil induced respiratory impairment on two indices of hypoxia tolerance in Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:143-150. [PMID: 29477763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Gulf of Mexico was home to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and is also known to exhibit seasonal declines in oxygen availability. Oil exposure in fish is known to impact oxygen uptake through cardiac impairment, which raises questions about the additive effects of these two stressors. Here we explore this question on the Atlantic croaker using two measures of hypoxia tolerance: critical oxygen threshold (Pcrit), and time to loss of equilibrium (LOE). We first demonstrated that 24 h exposure to 10.1 and 23.2 μg l-1 ΣPAH50 significantly impaired oxygen uptake. There was no effect of exposure on Pcrit or LOE. Exposure did result in significantly different repeatability between pre- and post-exposure Pcrit, suggesting that hypoxia tolerant individual may see greater impacts following exposure. These results suggest oil exposure does not have wide scale detrimental outcomes for hypoxia tolerance in fish, yet there may be fine scale impairments of ecological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang K Pan
- University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Dr., Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Alexis J Khursigara
- University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Dr., Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Jacob L Johansen
- University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Dr., Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Dr., Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA.
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D'Andrea MA, Reddy GK. The Development of Long-Term Adverse Health Effects in Oil Spill Cleanup Workers of the Deepwater Horizon Offshore Drilling Rig Disaster. Front Public Health 2018; 6:117. [PMID: 29755965 PMCID: PMC5932154 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term adverse health effects of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Gulf oil spill exposure in workers who participated in its cleanup work. Methods Medical charts of both the oil spill exposed and unexposed subjects were reviewed. The changes in the white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) levels, as well as their pulmonary and cardiac functions were evaluated. Results Medical records from 88 subjects (oil spill cleanup workers, n = 44 and unexposed, n = 44) were reviewed during initial and 7 years follow up visits after the disaster occurred. Compared with the unexposed subjects, oil spill exposed subjects had significantly reduced platelet counts (×103/µL) at their initial (254.1 ± 46.7 versus 289.7 ± 63.7, P = 0.000) and follow-up (242.9 ± 55.6 versus 278.4 ± 67.6, P = 0.000) visits compared with the unexposed subjects (254.6 ± 51.9 versus 289.7 ± 63.7, P = 0.008). The hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were increased significantly both at their initial and follow-up visits in the oil spill exposed subjects compared to the unexposed subjects. Similarly, the oil spill exposed subjects had significantly increased ALP, AST, and ALT levels at their initial and follow-up visits compared with those of the unexposed subjects. Illness symptoms that were reported during their initial visit still persisted at their 7-year follow-up visit. Notably, at their 7-year follow-up visit, most of the oil spill exposed subjects had also developed chronic rhinosinusitis and reactive airway dysfunction syndrome as new symptoms that were not reported during their initial visit. Additionally, more abnormalities in pulmonary and cardiac functions were also seen in the oil spill exposed subjects. Conclusion This long-term follow-up study demonstrates that those people involved in the oil spill cleanup operations experiences persistent alterations or worsening of their hematological, hepatic, pulmonary, and cardiac functions. In addition, these subjects experienced prolonged or worsening illness symptoms even 7 years after their exposure to the oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A D'Andrea
- University Cancer and Diagnostic Centers, Houston, TX, United States
| | - G Kesava Reddy
- University Cancer and Diagnostic Centers, Houston, TX, United States
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Cox GK, Crossley DA, Stieglitz JD, Heuer RM, Benetti DD, Grosell M. Oil Exposure Impairs In Situ Cardiac Function in Response to β-Adrenergic Stimulation in Cobia (Rachycentron canadum). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:14390-14396. [PMID: 29132212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous crude oil spills expose fish to varying concentrations of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which can have lethal and sublethal effects. The heart is particularly vulnerable in early life stages, as PAH toxicity causes developmental cardiac abnormalities and impaired cardiovascular function. However, cardiac responses of juvenile and adult fish to acute oil exposure remain poorly understood. We sought to assess cardiac function in a pelagic fish species, the cobia (Rachycentron canadum), following acute (24 h) exposure to two ecologically relevant levels of dissolved PAHs. Cardiac power output (CPO) was used to quantify cardiovascular performance using an in situ heart preparation. Cardiovascular performance was varied using multiple concentrations of the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol (ISO) and by varying afterload pressures. Oil exposure adversely affected CPO with control fish achieving maximum CPO's (4 mW g-1 Mv) greater than that of oil-exposed fish (1 mW g-1 Mv) at ISO concentrations of 1 × 10-6 M. However, the highest concentration of ISO (1 × 10-5 M) rescued cardiac function. This indicates an interactive effect between oil-exposure and β-adrenergic stimulation and suggests if animals achieve very large increases in β-adrenergic stimulation it could play a compensatory role that may mitigate some adverse effects of oil-exposure in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina K Cox
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149-1098, United States
| | - Dane A Crossley
- University of North Texas , Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems and Society, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149-1098, United States
| | - Rachael M Heuer
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149-1098, United States
| | - Daniel D Benetti
- Department of Marine Ecosystems and Society, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149-1098, United States
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149-1098, United States
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Nelson D, Stieglitz JD, Cox GK, Heuer RM, Benetti DD, Grosell M, Crossley DA. Cardio-respiratory function during exercise in the cobia, Rachycentron canadum: The impact of crude oil exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 201:58-65. [PMID: 28923244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise capacity is dependent on the cardiorespiratory system's ability to supply oxygen at a rate that meets energetic demands. In teleost fish crude oil exposure, with the associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's), reduces exercise performance and this has been hypothesized to be due to compromised cardiovascular function. In this study, we test this hypothesis by simultaneously measuring cardiovascular performance, oxygen consumption, and swim performance in a pelagic teleost, the cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Metabolic rate increased over 300% in both groups during the swim trial but as the fish approached the critical swim speed (Ucrit) MO2 was 12% lower in the oil exposed fish. Further, stroke volume was initially 35% lower while heart rate was 15% higher in the oil exposed compared to control fish. Our findings suggested, while aspects of cardiovascular and metabolic function are altered by oil exposure, additional studies are needed to further understand the homeostatic mechanisms that may sustain cardiovascular function at higher exercise intensities in cobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Nelson
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1098, United States
| | - Georgina K Cox
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1098, United States
| | - Rachael M Heuer
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - Daniel D Benetti
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1098, United States
| | - Martin Grosell
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1098, United States
| | - Dane A Crossley
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, United States.
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Zhang Y, Mauduit F, Farrell AP, Chabot D, Ollivier H, Rio-Cabello A, Le Floch S, Claireaux G. Exposure of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) to chemically dispersed oil has a chronic residual effect on hypoxia tolerance but not aerobic scope. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 191:95-104. [PMID: 28806602 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the chronic residual effects of an acute exposure of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) to chemically dispersed crude oil is manifest in indices of hypoxic performance rather than aerobic performance. Sea bass were pre-screened with a hypoxia challenge test to establish their incipient lethal oxygen saturation (ILOS), but on discovering a wide breadth for individual ILOS values (2.6-11.0% O2 saturation), fish were subsequently subdivided into either hypoxia sensitive (HS) or hypoxia tolerant (HT) phenotypes, traits that were shown to be experimentally repeatable. The HT phenotype had a lower ILOS and critical oxygen saturation (O2crit) compared with the HS phenotype and switched to glycolytic metabolism at a lower dissolved oxygen, even though both phenotypes accumulated lactate and glucose to the same plasma concentrations at ILOS. As initially hypothesized, and regardless of the phenotype considered, we found no residual effect of oil on any of the indices of aerobic performance. Contrary to our hypothesis, however, oil exposure had no residual effect on any of the indices of hypoxic performance in the HS phenotype. In the HT phenotype, on the other hand, oil exposure had residual effects as illustrated by the impaired repeatability of hypoxia tolerance and also by the 24% increase in O2crit, the 40% increase in scope for oxygen deficit, the 17% increase in factorial scope for oxygen deficit and the 57% increase in accumulated oxygen deficit. Thus, sea bass with a HT phenotype remained chronically impaired for a minimum of 167days following an acute 24-h oil exposure while the HS phenotypes did not. We reasoned that impaired oxygen extraction at gill due to oil exposure activates glycolytic metabolism at a higher dissolved oxygen, conferring on the HT phenotype an inferior hypoxia resistance that might eventually compromise their ability to survive hypoxic episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Zhang
- Department of Zoology & Faculty of Land and Food System, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Florian Mauduit
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR-6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Ifremer Centre de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology & Faculty of Land and Food System, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Denis Chabot
- Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Mont-Joli, QC, G5H 3Z4, Canada
| | - Hélène Ollivier
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR-6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Ifremer Centre de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Adrien Rio-Cabello
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR-6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Ifremer Centre de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- Centre de documentation, de recherche et d'expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux, Brest, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR-6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Ifremer Centre de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
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Anttila K, Mauduit F, Le Floch S, Claireaux G, Nikinmaa M. Influence of crude oil exposure on cardiac function and thermal tolerance of juvenile rainbow trout and European sea bass. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19624-19634. [PMID: 28681300 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills pose a threat to aquatic organisms. However, the physiological effects of crude oil on cardiac function and on thermal tolerance of juvenile fish are still poorly understood. Consequently, in this paper, we will present results of two separate experiments where we exposed juvenile rainbow trout and European sea bass to crude oil and made cardiac thermal tolerances and maximum heart rate (f Hmax) measurements after 1 week (rainbow trout) and 6-month recovery (sea bass). In both species, the f Hmax was lower in crude oil-exposed fish than in the control ones at temperatures below the optimum but this difference disappeared at higher temperatures. More importantly, the oil-exposed fish had significantly higher Arrhenius break point temperature for f Hmax, which gave an estimate for optimum temperature, than the control fish in both species even though the exposure conditions and recovery times differed between species. The results indicated that exposure of juvenile fish to crude oil did not have a significant negative impact upon their cardiac performance in high temperatures and upper thermal tolerance increased when the fish were tested 1 week or 6 months after the exposure. Our findings suggest that the cardiac function and thermal tolerance of juvenile fish are relatively resistant to a crude oil exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Anttila
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Florian Mauduit
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas CS 41836, 29218, Brest Cedex 2, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Mikko Nikinmaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
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Perrichon P, Grosell M, Burggren WW. Heart Performance Determination by Visualization in Larval Fishes: Influence of Alternative Models for Heart Shape and Volume. Front Physiol 2017; 8:464. [PMID: 28725199 PMCID: PMC5495860 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding cardiac function in developing larval fishes is crucial for assessing their physiological condition and overall health. Cardiac output measurements in transparent fish larvae and other vertebrates have long been made by analyzing videos of the beating heart, and modeling this structure using a conventional simple prolate spheroid shape model. However, the larval fish heart changes shape during early development and subsequent maturation, but no consideration has been made of the effect of different heart geometries on cardiac output estimation. The present study assessed the validity of three different heart models (the "standard" prolate spheroid model as well as a cylinder and cone tip + cylinder model) applied to digital images of complete cardiac cycles in larval mahi-mahi and red drum. The inherent error of each model was determined to allow for more precise calculation of stroke volume and cardiac output. The conventional prolate spheroid and cone tip + cylinder models yielded significantly different stroke volume values at 56 hpf in red drum and from 56 to 104 hpf in mahi. End-diastolic and stroke volumes modeled by just a simple cylinder shape were 30-50% higher compared to the conventional prolate spheroid. However, when these values of stroke volume multiplied by heart rate to calculate cardiac output, no significant differences between models emerged because of considerable variability in heart rate. Essentially, the conventional prolate spheroid shape model provides the simplest measurement with lowest variability of stroke volume and cardiac output. However, assessment of heart function-especially if stroke volume is the focus of the study-should consider larval heart shape, with different models being applied on a species-by-species and developmental stage-by-stage basis for best estimation of cardiac output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescilla Perrichon
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Cluster, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North TexasDenton, TX, United States
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of MiamiMiami, FL, United States
| | - Warren W. Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Cluster, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North TexasDenton, TX, United States
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Johansen JL, Esbaugh AJ. Sustained impairment of respiratory function and swim performance following acute oil exposure in a coastal marine fish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 187:82-89. [PMID: 28395197 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute exposure to crude oil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) can severely impair cardiorespiratory function and swim performance of larval fish; however, the effects of acute oil exposure on later life stages and the capacity for subsequent recovery is less clear. Red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) is an economically important apex predator native to the Gulf of Mexico, which was directly exposed to the 2010 Deep Water Horizon (DWH) oil spill. Here we examine impact and recovery of young adult red drum from exposure to concentrations of 0, 4.1, and 12.1μgL-1 ΣPAH50 naturally weathered oil-water accommodated fractions (geometric mean), which are well within the range of concentrations measured during the DWH incident. We focused on aerobic scope (ASc), burst- and critical swimming speeds (Uburst and Ucrit), cost of transport (COT), as well as the capacity to repay oxygen debt following exhaustive exercise (EPOC), which are critical parameters for success of all life stages of fishes. A 24h acute exposure to 4.1μgL-1 ΣPAH caused a significant 9.7 and 12.6% reduction of Uburst and Ucrit respectively, but no change in ASc, COT or EPOC, highlighting a decoupled effect on the respiratory and swimming systems. A higher exposure concentration, 12.1μgL-1 ΣPAH, caused an 8.6 and 8.4% impairment of Uburst and Ucrit, as well as an 18.4% reduction in ASc. These impairments persisted six weeks post-exposure, suggesting that recorded impacts are entrenched. Large predatory fishes are critically dependent on the cardiorespiratory and swimming systems for ecological fitness, and long-term impairment of performance due to acute oil exposure suggests that even acute exposure events may have long lasting impacts on the ecological fitness of affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Johansen
- University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA.
| | - A J Esbaugh
- University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA
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Alderman SL, Dindia LA, Kennedy CJ, Farrell AP, Gillis TE. Proteomic analysis of sockeye salmon serum as a tool for biomarker discovery and new insight into the sublethal toxicity of diluted bitumen. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2017; 22:157-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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