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Pitman MR, Costabile M, Pitson SM. Recent advances in the development of sphingosine kinase inhibitors. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1349-1363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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52
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Vogt D, Stark H. Therapeutic Strategies and Pharmacological Tools Influencing S1P Signaling and Metabolism. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:3-51. [PMID: 27480072 DOI: 10.1002/med.21402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades the study of the sphingolipid anabolic, catabolic, and signaling pathways has attracted enormous interest. Especially the introduction of fingolimod into market as first p.o. therapeutic for the treatment of multiple sclerosis has boosted this effect. Although the complex regulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and other catabolic and anabolic sphingosine-related compounds is not fully understood, the influence on different (patho)physiological states from inflammation to cytotoxicity as well as the availability of versatile pharmacological tools that represent new approaches to study these states are described. Here, we have summarized various aspects concerning the many faces of sphingolipid function modulation by different pharmacological tools up to clinical candidates. Due to the immense heterogeneity of physiological or pharmacological actions and complex cross regulations, it is difficult to predict their role in upcoming therapeutic approaches. Currently, inflammatory, immunological, and/or antitumor aspects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Vogt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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53
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Blankenbach KV, Schwalm S, Pfeilschifter J, Meyer Zu Heringdorf D. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-2 Antagonists: Therapeutic Potential and Potential Risks. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:167. [PMID: 27445808 PMCID: PMC4914510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling system with its specific G-protein-coupled S1P receptors, the enzymes of S1P metabolism and the S1P transporters, offers a multitude of promising targets for drug development. Until today, drug development in this area has nearly exclusively focused on (functional) antagonists at the S1P1 receptor, which cause a unique phenotype of immunomodulation. Accordingly, the first-in class S1P1 receptor modulator, fingolimod, has been approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and novel S1P1 receptor (functional) antagonists are being developed for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus erythematodes, or polymyositis. Besides the S1P1 receptor, also S1P2 and S1P3 are widely expressed and regulate many diverse functions throughout the body. The S1P2 receptor, in particular, often exerts cellular functions which are opposed to the functions of the S1P1 receptor. As a consequence, antagonists at the S1P2 receptor have the potential to be useful in a contrasting context and different areas of indication compared to S1P1 antagonists. The present review will focus on the therapeutic potential of S1P2 receptor antagonists and discuss their opportunities as well as their potential risks. Open questions and areas which require further investigations will be emphasized in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira V Blankenbach
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schwalm
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dagmar Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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54
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Li N, Zhang F. Implication of sphingosin-1-phosphate in cardiovascular regulation. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2016; 21:1296-313. [PMID: 27100508 DOI: 10.2741/4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite generated by phosphorylation of sphingosine catalyzed by sphingosine kinase. S1P acts mainly through its high affinity G-protein-coupled receptors and participates in the regulation of multiple systems, including cardiovascular system. It has been shown that S1P signaling is involved in the regulation of cardiac chronotropy and inotropy and contributes to cardioprotection as well as cardiac remodeling; S1P signaling regulates vascular function, such as vascular tone and endothelial barrier, and possesses an anti-atherosclerotic effect; S1P signaling is also implicated in the regulation of blood pressure. Therefore, manipulation of S1P signaling may offer novel therapeutic approaches to cardiovascular diseases. As several S1P receptor modulators and sphingosine kinase inhibitors have been approved or under clinical trials for the treatment of other diseases, it may expedite the test and implementation of these S1P-based drugs in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjun Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA,
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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55
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Houck JD, Dawson TK, Kennedy AJ, Kharel Y, Naimon ND, Field SD, Lynch KR, Macdonald TL. Structural Requirements and Docking Analysis of Amidine-Based Sphingosine Kinase 1 Inhibitors Containing Oxadiazoles. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:487-92. [PMID: 27190598 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent growth-signaling lipid that has been implicated in cancer progression, inflammation, sickle cell disease, and fibrosis. Two sphingosine kinases (SphK1 and 2) are the source of S1P; thus, inhibitors of the SphKs have potential as targeted cancer therapies and will help to clarify the roles of S1P and the SphKs in other hyperproliferative diseases. Recently, we reported a series of amidine-based inhibitors with high selectivity for SphK1 and potency in the nanomolar range. However, these inhibitors display a short half-life. With the goal of increasing metabolic stability and maintaining efficacy, we designed an analogous series of molecules containing oxadiazole moieties. Generation of a library of molecules resulted in the identification of the most selective inhibitor of SphK1 reported to date (705-fold selectivity over SphK2), and we found that potency and selectivity vary significantly depending on the particular oxadiazole isomer employed. The best inhibitors were subjected to in silico molecular dynamics docking analysis, which revealed key insights into the binding of amidine-based inhibitors by SphK1. Herein, the design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking analysis of these molecules are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Houck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Thomas K. Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Andrew J. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Niels D. Naimon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Saundra D. Field
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Kevin R. Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Timothy L. Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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56
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Patmanathan SN, Johnson SP, Lai SL, Panja Bernam S, Lopes V, Wei W, Ibrahim MH, Torta F, Narayanaswamy P, Wenk MR, Herr DR, Murray PG, Yap LF, Paterson IC. Aberrant expression of the S1P regulating enzymes, SPHK1 and SGPL1, contributes to a migratory phenotype in OSCC mediated through S1PR2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25650. [PMID: 27160553 PMCID: PMC4861980 DOI: 10.1038/srep25650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a lethal disease with a 5-year mortality rate of around 50%. Molecular targeted therapies are not in routine use and novel therapeutic targets are required. Our previous microarray data indicated sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) metabolism and signalling was deregulated in OSCC. In this study, we have investigated the contribution of S1P signalling to the pathogenesis of OSCC. We show that the expression of the two major enzymes that regulate S1P levels were altered in OSCC: SPHK1 was significantly upregulated in OSCC tissues compared to normal oral mucosa and low levels of SGPL1 mRNA correlated with a worse overall survival. In in vitro studies, S1P enhanced the migration/invasion of OSCC cells and attenuated cisplatin-induced death. We also demonstrate that S1P receptor expression is deregulated in primary OSCCs and that S1PR2 is over-expressed in a subset of tumours, which in part mediates S1P-induced migration of OSCC cells. Lastly, we demonstrate that FTY720 induced significantly more apoptosis in OSCC cells compared to non-malignant cells and that FTY720 acted synergistically with cisplatin to induce cell death. Taken together, our data show that S1P signalling promotes tumour aggressiveness in OSCC and identify S1P signalling as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Narayanan Patmanathan
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research &Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Steven P Johnson
- Dept of Molecular Genetics, The Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, United Kingdom
| | - Sook Ling Lai
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research &Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suthashini Panja Bernam
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research &Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Victor Lopes
- Department of Oral surgery, Edinburgh Postgraduate Dental Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, United Kingdom
| | - Wenbin Wei
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Maha Hafez Ibrahim
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Pradeep Narayanaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Paul G Murray
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Fah Yap
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research &Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ian C Paterson
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research &Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Gao Z, Wang H, Xiao FJ, Shi XF, Zhang YK, Xu QQ, Zhang XY, Ha XQ, Wang LS. SIRT1 mediates Sphk1/S1P-induced proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 74:152-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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58
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Marine cytotoxic jaspine B and its stereoisomers: biological activity and syntheses. Carbohydr Res 2016; 423:1-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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59
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Kashem MA, Kennedy CA, Fogarty KE, Dimock JR, Zhang Y, Sanville-Ross ML, Skow DJ, Brunette SR, Swantek JL, Hummel HS, Swindle J, Nelson RM. A High-Throughput Genetic Complementation Assay in Yeast Cells Identified Selective Inhibitors of Sphingosine Kinase 1 Not Found Using a Cell-Free Enzyme Assay. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 14:39-49. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2015.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Kashem
- Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Charles A. Kennedy
- Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Kylie E. Fogarty
- Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Janice R. Dimock
- Immunology and Respiratory Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Mary L. Sanville-Ross
- Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Donna J. Skow
- Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Steven R. Brunette
- Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Jennifer L. Swantek
- Immunology and Respiratory Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | | | | | - Richard M. Nelson
- Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
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60
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A selective ATP-competitive sphingosine kinase inhibitor demonstrates anti-cancer properties. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7065-83. [PMID: 25788259 PMCID: PMC4466670 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic balance of cellular sphingolipids, the sphingolipid rheostat, is an important determinant of cell fate, and is commonly deregulated in cancer. Sphingosine 1-phosphate is a signaling molecule with anti-apoptotic, pro-proliferative and pro-angiogenic effects, while conversely, ceramide and sphingosine are pro-apoptotic. The sphingosine kinases (SKs) are key regulators of this sphingolipid rheostat, and are attractive targets for anti-cancer therapy. Here we report a first-in-class ATP-binding site-directed small molecule SK inhibitor, MP-A08, discovered using an approach of structural homology modelling of the ATP-binding site of SK1 and in silico docking with small molecule libraries. MP-A08 is a highly selective ATP competitive SK inhibitor that targets both SK1 and SK2. MP-A08 blocks pro-proliferative signalling pathways, induces mitochondrial-associated apoptosis in a SK-dependent manner, and reduces the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma tumours in a mouse xenograft model by both inducing tumour cell apoptosis and inhibiting tumour angiogenesis. Thus, this selective ATP competitive SK inhibitor provides a promising candidate for potential development as an anti-cancer therapy, and also, due to its different mode of inhibition to other known SK inhibitors, both validates the SKs as targets for anti-cancer therapy, and represents an important experimental tool to study these enzymes.
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61
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Stanková K, Martinková M, Gonda J, Bago M, Pilátová M, Gönciová G. The convergent total synthesis of cytotoxic homospisulosine and its 3-epi-analogue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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62
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Matula K, Collie-Duguid E, Murray G, Parikh K, Grabsch H, Tan P, Lalwani S, Garau R, Ong Y, Bain G, Smith AD, Urquhart G, Bielawski J, Finnegan M, Petty R. Regulation of cellular sphingosine-1-phosphate by sphingosine kinase 1 and sphingosine-1-phopshate lyase determines chemotherapy resistance in gastroesophageal cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:762. [PMID: 26493335 PMCID: PMC4618539 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to chemotherapy is common in gastroesophageal cancer. Mechanisms of resistance are incompletely characterised and there are no predictive biomarkers in clinical practice for cytotoxic drugs. We used new cell line models to characterise novel chemotherapy resistance mechanisms and validated them in tumour specimens to identify new targets and biomarkers for gastroesophageal cancer. Methods Cell lines were selected for resistance to oxaliplatin, cisplatin and docetaxel and gene expression examined using Affymetrix Exon 1.0 ST arrays. Leads were validated by qRT-PCR and HPLC of tumour metabolites. Protein expression and pharmacological inhibition of lead target SPHK1 was evaluated in independent cell lines, and by immunohistochemistry in gastroesophageal cancer patients. Results Genes with differential expression in drug resistant cell lines compared to the parental cell line they were derived from, were identified for each drug resistant cell line. Biological pathway analysis of these gene lists, identified over-represented pathways, and only 3 pathways - lysosome, sphingolipid metabolism and p53 signalling- were identified as over-represented in these lists for all three cytotoxic drugs investigated. The majority of genes differentially expressed in chemoresistant cell lines from these pathways, were involved in metabolism of glycosphingolipids and sphingolipids in lysosomal compartments suggesting that sphingolipids might be important mediators of cytotoxic drug resistance in gastroeosphageal cancers . On further investigation, we found that drug resistance (IC50) was correlated with increased sphingosine kinase 1(SPHK1) mRNA and also with decreased sphingosine-1-phosphate lysase 1(SGPL1) mRNA. SPHK1 and SGPL1 gene expression were inversely correlated. SPHK1:SGPL1 ratio correlated with increased cellular sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and S1P correlated with drug resistance (IC50). High SPHK1 protein correlated with resistance to cisplatin (IC50) in an independent gastric cancer cell line panel and with survival of patients treated with chemotherapy prior to surgery but not in patients treated with surgery alone. Safingol a SPHK1 inhibitor, was cytotoxic as a single agent and acted synergistically with cisplatin in gastric cancer cell lines. Conclusion Agents that inhibit SPHK1 or S1P could overcome cytotoxic drug resistance in gastroesophageal cancer. There are several agents in early phase human trials including Safingol that could be combined with chemotherapy or used in patients progressing after chemotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1718-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasia Matula
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Elaina Collie-Duguid
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Graeme Murray
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK.,Department of Pathology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Khyati Parikh
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Heike Grabsch
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Salina Lalwani
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Roberta Garau
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Yuhan Ong
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Gillian Bain
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Asa-Dahle Smith
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Gordon Urquhart
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Bielawski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michael Finnegan
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Healthcare Campus, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, Scotland, UK
| | - Russell Petty
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Mailbox 4, Level 7 Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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63
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Venant H, Rahmaniyan M, Jones EE, Lu P, Lilly MB, Garrett-Mayer E, Drake RR, Kraveka JM, Smith CD, Voelkel-Johnson C. The Sphingosine Kinase 2 Inhibitor ABC294640 Reduces the Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells and Results in Accumulation of Dihydroceramides In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2744-52. [PMID: 26494858 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the development of novel therapies against castration-resistant prostate cancer, the advanced form of the disease remains a major treatment challenge. Aberrant sphingolipid signaling through sphingosine kinases and their product, sphingosine-1-phosphate, can promote proliferation, drug resistance, angiogenesis, and inflammation. The sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor ABC294640 is undergoing clinical testing in cancer patients, and in this study we investigated the effects this first-in-class inhibitor in castration-resistant prostate cancer. In vitro, ABC294640 decreased prostate cancer cell viability as well as the expression of c-Myc and the androgen receptor, while lysosomal acidification increased. ABC294640 also induced a greater than 3-fold increase in dihydroceramides that inversely correlated with inhibition of dihydroceramide desaturase (DEGS) activity. Expression of sphingosine kinase 2 was dispensable for the ABC294640-mediated increase in dihydroceramides. In vivo, ABC294640 diminished the growth rate of TRAMP-C2 xenografts in syngeneic hosts and elevated dihydroceramides within tumors as visualized by MALDI imaging mass spectroscopy. The plasma of ABC294640-treated mice contained significantly higher levels of C16- and C24:1-ceramides (but not dihydro-C16-ceramide) compared with vehicle-treated mice. In summary, our results suggest that ABC294640 may reduce the proliferative capacity of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells through inhibition of both sphingosine kinase 2 and dihydroceramide desaturase, thereby providing a foundation for future exploration of this small-molecule inhibitor for the treatment of advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Venant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Mehrdad Rahmaniyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - E Ellen Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michael B Lilly
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jacqueline M Kraveka
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Christina Voelkel-Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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Sphingosine kinase 2 is a chikungunya virus host factor co-localized with the viral replication complex. Emerg Microbes Infect 2015; 4:e61. [PMID: 26576339 PMCID: PMC4631929 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2015.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging alphavirus which causes severe and prolonged arthralgic febrile illness. The recent global spread of the virus and lack of approved therapeutic options makes it imperative to gain greater insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying CHIKV pathogenesis, in particular host factors recruited by the virus. In the current study, we identify sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2) as a CHIKV host factor co-localized with the viral replication complex (VRC) during infection. SK2 was demonstrated to co-localize with viral RNA and nonstructural proteins. Targeted impairment of SK2 expression or function significantly inhibited CHIKV infection. Furthermore, affinity purification-mass spectrometry studies revealed that SK2 associates with a number of proteins involved in cellular gene expression specifically during viral infection, suggesting a role in replication. Collectively these results identify SK2 as a novel CHIKV host factor.
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Xun C, Chen MB, Qi L, Tie-Ning Z, Peng X, Ning L, Zhi-Xiao C, Li-Wei W. Targeting sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) by ABC294640 inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:94. [PMID: 26337959 PMCID: PMC4559903 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem in China and around the world. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Research groups are thus searching for novel and more efficient anti-CRC agents. RESULTS Here we demonstrated that ABC294640, a novel SphK2 inhibitor, induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in transformed and primary CRC cells. The SphK activity was remarkably inhibited by ABC294640, accompanied by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) depletion and ceramide incensement in CRC cells. Exogenously-added S1P inhibited ABC294640-induced HT-29 cell lethality. While C6 ceramide and SphK1 inhibitor SKI-II facilitated ABC294640-induced cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells. ABC294640 inhibited AKT-S6K1, but activated JNK signaling in transformed and primary CRC cells. JNK inhibitors (SP600125 and JNKi-II) alleviated ABC294640-induced CRC cell apoptosis. Moreover, a low concentration of ABC294640 sensitized the activity of 5-FU and cisplatin in vitro. In vivo, ABC294640 oral administration dramatically inhibited HT-29 xenografts growth in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS Targeting of SphK2 by ABC294640 potently inhibits CRC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, ABC294640 could be developed as a novel therapeutic for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Xun
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District, 200080, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min-Bin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China.
| | - Li Qi
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District, 200080, China.
| | - Zhang Tie-Ning
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District, 200080, China.
| | - Xue Peng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District, 200080, China.
| | - Li Ning
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District, 200080, China.
| | - Chen Zhi-Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District, 200080, China.
| | - Wang Li-Wei
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District, 200080, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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66
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Yang L, Han Z, Tian L, Mai P, Zhang Y, Wang L, Li L. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 2 and 3 Mediate Bone Marrow-Derived Monocyte/Macrophage Motility in Cholestatic Liver Injury in Mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13423. [PMID: 26324256 PMCID: PMC4555045 DOI: 10.1038/srep13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor (S1PR) system has been implicated in the pathological process of liver injury. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of S1P/S1PR on bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage (BMM) migration in mouse models of cholestatic liver injury, and identify the signaling pathway underlying this process. S1PR1–3 expression in BMM was characterized by immunofluorescence, RT-PCR and Western blot. Cell migration was determined in Boyden chambers. In vivo, the chimera mice, which received BM transplants from EGFP-transgenic mice, received an operation of bile duct ligation (BDL) to induce liver injury with the administration of S1PR2/3 antagonists. The results showed that S1PR1–3 were all expressed in BMMs. S1P exerted a powerful migratory action on BMMs via S1PR2 and S1PR3. Furthermore, PTX and LY-294002 (PI3K inhibitor) prevented S1PR2/3-mediated BMM migration, and Rac1 activation by S1P was inhibited by JTE-013, CAY-10444 or LY294002. Administration of S1PR2/3 antagonists in vivo significantly reduced BMM recruitment in BDL-treated mice, and attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. In conclusion, S1P/S1PR2/3 system mediates BMM motility by PTX-PI3K-Rac1 signaling pathway, which provides new compelling information on the role of S1P/S1PR in liver injury and opens new perspectives for the pharmacological treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ping Mai
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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67
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Canlas J, Holt P, Carroll A, Rix S, Ryan P, Davies L, Matusica D, Pitson SM, Jessup CF, Gibbins IL, Haberberger RV. Sphingosine kinase 2-deficiency mediated changes in spinal pain processing. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:29. [PMID: 26283908 PMCID: PMC4522551 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the most burdensome health issues facing the planet (as costly as diabetes and cancer combined), and in desperate need for new diagnostic targets leading to better therapies. The bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and its receptors have recently been shown to modulate nociceptive signaling at the level of peripheral nociceptors and central neurons. However, the exact role of S1P generating enzymes, in particular sphingosine kinase 2 (Sphk2), in nociception remains unknown. We found that both sphingosine kinases, Sphk1 and Sphk2, were expressed in spinal cord (SC) with higher levels of Sphk2 mRNA compared to Sphk1. All three Sphk2 mRNA-isoforms were present with the Sphk2.1 mRNA showing the highest relative expression. Mice deficient in Sphk2 (Sphk2−/−) showed in contrast to mice deficient in Sphk1 (Sphk1−/−) substantially lower spinal S1P levels compared to wild-type C57BL/6 mice. In the formalin model of acute peripheral inflammatory pain, Sphk2−/− mice showed facilitation of nociceptive transmission during the late response, whereas responses to early acute pain, and the number of c-Fos immunoreactive dorsal horn neurons were not different between Sphk2−/− and wild-type mice. Chronic peripheral inflammation (CPI) caused a bilateral increase in mechanical sensitivity in Sphk2−/− mice. Additionally, CPI increased the relative mRNA expression of P2X4 receptor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the ipsilateral SC of wild-type but not Sphk2−/− mice. Similarly, Sphk2−/− mice showed in contrast to wild-type no CPI-dependent increase in areas of the dorsal horn immunoreactive for the microglia marker Iba-1 and the astrocyte marker Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Our results suggest that the tightly regulated cell signaling enzyme Sphk2 may be a key component for facilitation of nociceptive circuits in the CNS leading to central sensitization and pain memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jastrow Canlas
- Pain and Pulmonary Neurobiology, Anatomy and Histology, Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Phillip Holt
- Pain and Pulmonary Neurobiology, Anatomy and Histology, Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexander Carroll
- Pain and Pulmonary Neurobiology, Anatomy and Histology, Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane Rix
- Pain and Pulmonary Neurobiology, Anatomy and Histology, Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul Ryan
- Pain and Pulmonary Neurobiology, Anatomy and Histology, Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lorena Davies
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dusan Matusica
- Pain and Pulmonary Neurobiology, Anatomy and Histology, Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Claire F Jessup
- Pain and Pulmonary Neurobiology, Anatomy and Histology, Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian L Gibbins
- Pain and Pulmonary Neurobiology, Anatomy and Histology, Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rainer V Haberberger
- Pain and Pulmonary Neurobiology, Anatomy and Histology, Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Qi Y, Wang W, Chen J, Dai L, Kaczorowski D, Gao X, Xia P. Sphingosine Kinase 1 Protects Hepatocytes from Lipotoxicity via Down-regulation of IRE1α Protein Expression. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:23282-90. [PMID: 26240153 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.677542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant deposition of fat including free fatty acids in the liver often causes damage to hepatocytes, namely lipotoxicity, which is a key pathogenic event in the development and progression of fatty liver diseases. This study demonstrates a pivotal role of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) in protecting hepatocytes from lipotoxicity. Exposure of primary murine hepatocytes to palmitate resulted in dose-dependent cell death, which was enhanced significantly in Sphk1-deficient cells. In keeping with this, expression of dominant-negative mutant SphK1 also markedly promoted palmitate-induced cell death. In contrast, overexpression of wild-type SphK1 profoundly protected hepatocytes from lipotoxicity. Mechanistically, the protective effect of SphK1 is attributable to suppression of ER stress-mediated pro-apoptotic pathways, as reflected in the inhibition of IRE1α activation, XBP1 splicing, JNK phosphorylation, and CHOP induction. Of note, SphK1 inhibited the IRE1α pathway by reducing IRE1α expression at the transcriptional level. Moreover, S1P mimicked the effect of SphK1, suppressing IRE1α expression in a receptor-dependent manner. Furthermore, enforced overexpression of IRE1α significantly blocked the protective effect of SphK1 against lipotoxicity. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the role of SphK1 in hepatocyte survival and uncovers a novel mechanism for protection against ER stress-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Qi
- From the Signal Transduction Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia and
| | - Wei Wang
- the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinbiao Chen
- From the Signal Transduction Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia and
| | - Lan Dai
- From the Signal Transduction Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia and
| | - Dominik Kaczorowski
- From the Signal Transduction Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia and
| | - Xin Gao
- the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pu Xia
- From the Signal Transduction Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia and the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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69
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Sanllehí P, Abad JL, Casas J, Delgado A. Inhibitors of sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism (sphingosine kinases and sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase). Chem Phys Lipids 2015. [PMID: 26200919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are essential structural and signaling molecules of eukaryotic cells. Among them, sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) is a recognized promoter of cell survival, also involved, inter alia, in inflammation and tumorigenesis processes. The knowledge and modulation of the enzymes implicated in the biosynthesis and degradation of S1P are capital to control the intracellular levels of this lipid and, ultimately, to determine the cell fate. Starting with a general overview of the main metabolic pathways involved in SL metabolism, this review is mainly focused on the description of the most relevant findings concerning the development of modulators of S1P, namely inhibitors of the enzymes regulating S1P synthesis (sphingosine kinases) and degradation (sphingosine 1 phosphate phosphatase and lyase). In addition, a brief overview of the most significant agonists and antagonists at the S1P receptors is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Sanllehí
- Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona (UB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Unit of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Associated Unit to CSIC), Avga. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José-Luis Abad
- Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Delgado
- Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona (UB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Unit of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Associated Unit to CSIC), Avga. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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70
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Morad SAF, Cabot MC. Tamoxifen regulation of sphingolipid metabolism--Therapeutic implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1134-45. [PMID: 25964209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen, a triphenylethylene antiestrogen and one of the first-line endocrine therapies used to treat estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, has a number of interesting, off-target effects, and among these is the inhibition of sphingolipid metabolism. More specifically, tamoxifen inhibits ceramide glycosylation, and enzymatic step that can adventitiously support the influential tumor-suppressor properties of ceramide, the aliphatic backbone of sphingolipids. Additionally, tamoxifen and metabolites N-desmethyltamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen, have been shown to inhibit ceramide hydrolysis by the enzyme acid ceramidase. This particular intervention slows ceramide destruction and thereby depresses formation of sphingosine 1-phosphate, a mitogenic sphingolipid with cancer growth-promoting properties. As ceramide-centric therapies are becoming appealing clinical interventions in the treatment of cancer, agents like tamoxifen that can retard the generation of mitogenic sphingolipids and buffer ceramide clearance via inhibition of glycosylation, take on new importance. In this review, we present an abridged, lay introduction to sphingolipid metabolism, briefly chronicle tamoxifen's history in the clinic, examine studies that demonstrate the impact of triphenylethylenes on sphingolipid metabolism in cancer cells, and canvass works relevant to the use of tamoxifen as adjuvant to drive ceramide-centric therapies in cancer treatment. The objective is to inform the readership of what could be a novel, off-label indication of tamoxifen and structurally-related triphenylethylenes, an indication divorced from estrogen receptor status and one with application in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy A F Morad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Myles C Cabot
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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71
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Pulkoski-Gross MJ, Donaldson JC, Obeid LM. Sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism: A structural perspective. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 50:298-313. [PMID: 25923252 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2015.1039115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids represent an important class of bioactive signaling lipids which have key roles in numerous cellular processes. Over the last few decades, the levels of bioactive sphingolipids and/or their metabolizing enzymes have been realized to be important factors involved in disease development and progression, most notably in cancer. Targeting sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes in disease states has been the focus of many studies and has resulted in a number of pharmacological inhibitors, with some making it into the clinic as therapeutics. In order to better understand the regulation of sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes as well as to develop much more potent and specific inhibitors, the field of sphingolipids has recently taken a turn toward structural biology. The last decade has seen the structural determination of a number of sphingolipid enzymes and effector proteins. In these terms, one of the most complete arms of the sphingolipid pathway is the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) arm. The structures of proteins involved in the function and regulation of S1P are being used to investigate further the regulation of said proteins as well as in the design and development of inhibitors as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane C Donaldson
- b Department of Medicine , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA .,c Stony Brook Cancer Center , Stony Brook , NY , USA , and
| | - Lina M Obeid
- b Department of Medicine , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA .,c Stony Brook Cancer Center , Stony Brook , NY , USA , and.,d Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Northport , NY , USA
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72
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Hisano Y, Inoue A, Okudaira M, Taimatsu K, Matsumoto H, Kotani H, Ohga R, Aoki J, Kawahara A. Maternal and Zygotic Sphingosine Kinase 2 Are Indispensable for Cardiac Development in Zebrafish. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14841-51. [PMID: 25907554 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.634717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is synthesized from sphingosine by sphingosine kinases (SPHK1 and SPHK2) in invertebrates and vertebrates, whereas specific receptors for S1P (S1PRs) selectively appear in vertebrates, suggesting that S1P acquires novel functions in vertebrates. Because the developmental functions of SPHK1 and SPHK2 remain obscure in vertebrates, we generated sphk1 or sphk2 gene-disrupted zebrafish by introducing premature stop codons in their coding regions using transcription activator-like effector nucleases. Both zygotic sphk1 and sphk2 zebrafish mutants exhibited no obvious developmental defects and grew to adults. The maternal-zygotic sphk2 mutant (MZsphk2), but not the maternal-zygotic sphk1 mutant and maternal sphk2 mutant, had a defect in the cardiac progenitor migration and a concomitant decrease in S1P level, leading to a two-heart phenotype (cardia bifida). Cardia bifida in MZsphk2, which was rescued by injecting sphk2 mRNA, was a phenotype identical to that of zygotic mutants of the S1P transporter spns2 and S1P receptor s1pr2, indicating that the Sphk2-Spns2-S1pr2 axis regulates the cardiac progenitor migration in zebrafish. The contribution of maternally supplied lipid mediators during vertebrate organogenesis presents as a requirement for maternal-zygotic Sphk2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hisano
- From the Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198,
| | - Asuka Inoue
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, PRESTO and
| | - Michiyo Okudaira
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578
| | - Kiyohito Taimatsu
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsumoto
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578
| | - Hirohito Kotani
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Rie Ohga
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency and
| | - Atsuo Kawahara
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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73
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Li C, Li JN, Kays J, Guerrero M, Nicol GD. Sphingosine 1-phosphate enhances the excitability of rat sensory neurons through activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1 and/or 3. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:70. [PMID: 25880547 PMCID: PMC4397880 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that acts through a family of five G-protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-5) and plays a key role in regulating the inflammatory response. Our previous studies demonstrated that rat sensory neurons express the mRNAs for all five S1PRs and that S1P increases neuronal excitability primarily, but not exclusively, through S1PR1. This raises the question as to which other S1PRs mediate the enhanced excitability. METHODS Isolated sensory neurons were treated with either short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or a variety of pharmacological agents targeted to S1PR1/R2/R3 to determine the role(s) of these receptors in regulating neuronal excitability. The excitability of isolated sensory neurons was assessed by using whole-cell patch-clamp recording to measure the capacity of these cells to fire action potentials (APs). RESULTS After siRNA treatment, exposure to S1P failed to augment the excitability. Pooled siRNA targeted to S1PR1 and R3 also blocked the enhanced excitability produced by S1P. Consistent with the siRNA results, pretreatment with W146 and CAY10444, selective antagonists for S1PR1 and S1PR3, respectively, prevented the S1P-induced increase in neuronal excitability. Similarly, S1P failed to augment excitability after pretreatment with either VPC 23019, which is a S1PR1 and R3 antagonist, or VPC 44116, the phosphonate analog of VPC 23019. Acute exposure (10 to 15 min) to either of the well-established functional antagonists, FTY720 or CYM-5442, produced a significant increase in the excitability. Moreover, after a 1-h pretreatment with FTY720 (an agonist for S1PR1/R3/R4/R5), neither SEW2871 (S1PR1 selective agonist) nor S1P augmented the excitability. However, after pretreatment with CYM-5442 (selective for S1PR1), SEW2871 was ineffective, but S1P increased the excitability of some, but not all, sensory neurons. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the enhanced excitability produced by S1P is mediated by activation of S1PR1 and/or S1PR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Medical Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Jun-nan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Joanne Kays
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Miguel Guerrero
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Grant D Nicol
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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74
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Salama MF, Carroll B, Adada M, Pulkoski-Gross M, Hannun YA, Obeid LM. A novel role of sphingosine kinase-1 in the invasion and angiogenesis of VHL mutant clear cell renal cell carcinoma. FASEB J 2015; 29:2803-13. [PMID: 25805832 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-270413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1), the enzyme responsible for sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) production, is overexpressed in many human solid tumors. However, its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has not been described previously. ccRCC cases are usually associated with mutations in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) and subsequent normoxic stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). We previously showed that HIF-2α up-regulates SK1 expression during hypoxia in glioma cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that the stabilized HIF in ccRCC cells will be associated with increased SK1 expression. Here, we demonstrate that SK1 is overexpressed in 786-0 renal carcinoma cells lacking functional VHL, with concomitant high S1P levels that appear to be HIF-2α mediated. Moreover, examining the TCGA RNA seq database shows that SK1 expression was ∼2.7-fold higher in solid tumor tissue from ccRCC patients, and this was associated with less survival. Knockdown of SK1 in 786-0 ccRCC cells had no effect on cell proliferation. On the other hand, this knockdown resulted in an ∼3.5-fold decrease in invasion, less phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and an ∼2-fold decrease in angiogenesis. Moreover, S1P treatment of SK1 knockdown cells resulted in phosphorylation of FAK and invasion, and this was mediated by S1P receptor 2. These results suggest that higher SK1 and S1P levels in VHL-defective ccRCC could induce invasion in an autocrine manner and angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. Accordingly, targeting SK1 could reduce both the invasion and angiogenesis of ccRCC and therefore improve the survival rate of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Salama
- *Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Brittany Carroll
- *Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Mohamad Adada
- *Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Michael Pulkoski-Gross
- *Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- *Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- *Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
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75
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Switching the sphingolipid rheostat in the treatment of diabetes and cancer comorbidity from a problem to an advantage. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:165105. [PMID: 25866760 PMCID: PMC4383402 DOI: 10.1155/2015/165105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and diabetes are among the most common diseases in western societies. Epidemiological studies have shown that diabetic patients have a significantly higher risk of developing a number of different types of cancers and that individuals with comorbidity (cancer and diabetes/prediabetes) have a poorer prognosis relative to nondiabetic cancer patients. The increasing frequency of comorbidity of cancer and diabetes mellitus, mainly type 2 diabetes, has driven the development of therapeutic interventions that target both disease states. There is strong evidence to suggest that balancing the sphingolipid rheostat, ceramide--sphingosine--sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is crucial in the prevention of diabetes and cancer and sphingosine kinase/S1P modulators are currently under development for the treatment of cancer and diabetes. This paper will highlight some of the complexities inherent in the use of the emerging sphingosine kinase/S1P modulators in the treatment of comorbidity of diabetes and cancer.
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76
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Morad SAF, Tan SF, Feith DJ, Kester M, Claxton DF, Loughran TP, Barth BM, Fox TE, Cabot MC. Modification of sphingolipid metabolism by tamoxifen and N-desmethyltamoxifen in acute myelogenous leukemia--Impact on enzyme activity and response to cytotoxics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:919-28. [PMID: 25769964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The triphenylethylene antiestrogen, tamoxifen, can be an effective inhibitor of sphingolipid metabolism. This off-target activity makes tamoxifen an interesting ancillary for boosting the apoptosis-inducing properties of ceramide, a sphingolipid with valuable tumor censoring activity. Here we show for the first time that tamoxifen and metabolite, N-desmethyltamoxifen (DMT), block ceramide glycosylation and inhibit ceramide hydrolysis (by acid ceramidase, AC) in human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cell lines and in AML cells derived from patients. Tamoxifen (1-10 μM) inhibition of AC in AML cells was accompanied by decreases in AC protein expression. Tamoxifen also depressed expression and activity of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), the enzyme-catalyzing production of mitogenic sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1-P). Results from mass spectroscopy showed that tamoxifen and DMT (i) increased the levels of endogenous C16:0 and C24:1 ceramide molecular species, (ii) nearly totally halted production of respective glucosylceramide (GC) molecular species, (iii) drastically reduced levels of sphingosine (to 9% of control), and (iv) reduced levels of S1-P by 85%, in vincristine-resistant HL-60/VCR cells. The co-administration of tamoxifen with either N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR), a ceramide-generating retinoid, or a cell-deliverable form of ceramide, C6-ceramide, resulted in marked decreases in HL-60/VCR cell viability that far exceeded single agent potency. Combination treatments resulted in synergistic apoptotic cell death as gauged by increased Annexin V binding and DNA fragmentation and activation of caspase-3. These results show the versatility of adjuvant triphenylethylene with ceramide-centric therapies for magnifying therapeutic potential in AML. Such drug regimens could serve as effective strategies, even in the multidrug-resistant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy A F Morad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Su-Fern Tan
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0716, USA
| | - David J Feith
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0716, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0716, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0716, USA
| | | | - Thomas P Loughran
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0716, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0716, USA
| | - Brian M Barth
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Todd E Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0001, USA
| | - Myles C Cabot
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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77
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Dick TE, Hengst JA, Fox TE, Colledge AL, Kale VP, Sung SS, Sharma A, Amin S, Loughran TP, Kester M, Wang HG, Yun JK. The apoptotic mechanism of action of the sphingosine kinase 1 selective inhibitor SKI-178 in human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 352:494-508. [PMID: 25563902 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.219659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously developed SKI-178 (N'-[(1E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylidene]-3-(4-methoxxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbohydrazide) as a novel sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1) selective inhibitor and, herein, sought to determine the mechanism-of-action of SKI-178-induced cell death. Using human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines as a model, we present evidence that SKI-178 induces prolonged mitosis followed by apoptotic cell death through the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Further examination of the mechanism of action of SKI-178 implicated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and cyclin-dependent protein kinase 1 (CDK1) as critical factors required for SKI-178-induced apoptosis. In cell cycle synchronized human AML cell lines, we demonstrate that entry into mitosis is required for apoptotic induction by SKI-178 and that CDK1, not JNK, is required for SKI-178-induced apoptosis. We further demonstrate that the sustained activation of CDK1 during prolonged mitosis, mediated by SKI-178, leads to the simultaneous phosphorylation of the prosurvival Bcl-2 family members, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, as well as the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of Mcl-1. Moreover, multidrug resistance mediated by multidrug-resistant protein1 and/or prosurvival Bcl-2 family member overexpression did not affect the sensitivity of AML cells to SKI-178. Taken together, these findings highlight the therapeutic potential of SKI-178 targeting SphK1 as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of AML, including multidrug-resistant/recurrent AML subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn E Dick
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jeremy A Hengst
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Todd E Fox
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ashley L Colledge
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Vijay P Kale
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shen-Shu Sung
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Arun Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jong K Yun
- Department of Pharmacology (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., S.-S.S., A.S., S.A., H.-G.W., J.K.Y.) and The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research (T.E.D., J.A.H., A.L.C., V.P.K., J.K.Y.), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmacology (T.E.F., M.K.), and University of Virginia Cancer Center (T.P.L.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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78
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Vogt D, Weber J, Ihlefeld K, Brüggerhoff A, Proschak E, Stark H. Design, synthesis and evaluation of 2-aminothiazole derivatives as sphingosine kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5354-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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79
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Wilkerson BA, Argraves KM. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in endothelial barrier function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1841:1403-1412. [PMID: 25009123 PMCID: PMC4169319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Loss of endothelial barrier function is implicated in the etiology of metastasis, atherosclerosis, sepsis and many other diseases. Studies suggest that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), particularly HDL-bound S1P (HDL-S1P) is essential for endothelial barrier homeostasis and that HDL-S1P may be protective against the loss of endothelial barrier function in disease. This review summarizes evidence providing mechanistic insights into how S1P maintains endothelial barrier function, highlighting the recent findings that implicate the major S1P carrier, HDL, in the maintenance of the persistent S1P-signaling needed to maintain endothelial barrier function. We review the mechanisms proposed for HDL maintenance of persistent S1P-signaling, the evidence supporting these mechanisms and the remaining fundamental questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A Wilkerson
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., BSB650, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kelley M Argraves
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., BSB650, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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80
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Münzer P, Schmid E, Walker B, Fotinos A, Chatterjee M, Rath D, Vogel S, Hoffmann SM, Metzger K, Seizer P, Geisler T, Gawaz M, Borst O, Lang F. Sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) negatively regulates platelet activation and thrombus formation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C920-7. [PMID: 25231106 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00029.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a powerful regulator of platelet formation. Enzymes generating S1P include sphingosine kinase 1. The present study thus explored the role of sphingosine kinase 1 in platelet formation and function. Activation-dependent platelet integrin αIIbβ3 activation and secretion of platelets lacking functional sphingosine kinase 1 (sphk1(-/-)) and of wild-type platelets (sphk1(+/+)) were determined utilizing flow cytometry and chronolume luciferin assay. Cytosolic Ca(2+) activity ([Ca(2+)]i) and aggregation were measured using fura-2 fluorescence and aggregometry, respectively. In vitro platelet adhesion and thrombus formation were evaluated using a flow chamber with shear rates of 1,700 s(-1). Activation-dependent increase of [Ca(2+)]i, degranulation (release of alpha and dense granules), integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and aggregation were all significantly increased in sphk1(-/-) platelets compared with sphk1(+/+) platelets. Moreover, while platelet adhesion and thrombus formation under arterial shear rates were significantly augmented in Sphk1-deficient platelets, bleeding time and blood count were unaffected in sphk1(-/-) mice. In conclusion, sphingosine kinase 1 is a powerful negative regulator of platelet function counteracting degranulation, aggregation, and thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Münzer
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Evi Schmid
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Britta Walker
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Fotinos
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Madhumita Chatterjee
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Dominik Rath
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Sascha M Hoffmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Metzger
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Peter Seizer
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Tobias Geisler
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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81
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Cingolani F, Casasampere M, Sanllehí P, Casas J, Bujons J, Fabrias G. Inhibition of dihydroceramide desaturase activity by the sphingosine kinase inhibitor SKI II. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1711-20. [PMID: 24875537 PMCID: PMC4109765 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m049759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase inhibitor (SKI) II has been reported as a dual inhibitor of sphingosine kinases (SKs) 1 and 2 and has been extensively used to prove the involvement of SKs and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in cellular processes. Dihydroceramide desaturase (Des1), the last enzyme in the de novo synthesis of ceramide (Cer), regulates the balance between dihydroceramides (dhCers) and Cers. Both SKs and Des1 have interest as therapeutic targets. Here we show that SKI II is a noncompetitive inhibitor (Ki = 0.3 μM) of Des1 activity with effect also in intact cells without modifying Des1 protein levels. Molecular modeling studies support that the SKI II-induced decrease in Des1 activity could result from inhibition of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase. SKI II, but not the SK1-specific inhibitor PF-543, provoked a remarkable accumulation of dhCers and their metabolites, while both SKI II and PF-543 reduced S1P to almost undetectable levels. SKI II, but not PF543, reduced cell proliferation with accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase. SKI II, but not PF543, induced autophagy. These overall findings should be taken into account when using SKI II as a pharmacological tool, as some of the effects attributed to decreased S1P may actually be caused by augmented dhCers and/or their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cingolani
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Departments of Biomedicinal Chemistry Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Casasampere
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Departments of Biomedicinal Chemistry Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Sanllehí
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Departments of Biomedicinal Chemistry Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Associated Unit to CSIC), University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Departments of Biomedicinal Chemistry Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bujons
- Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Fabrias
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Departments of Biomedicinal Chemistry Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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82
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Rao PV. Bioactive lysophospholipids: role in regulation of aqueous humor outflow and intraocular pressure in the context of pathobiology and therapy of glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2014; 30:181-90. [PMID: 24283588 PMCID: PMC3991961 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2013.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of aqueous humor (AH) outflow and intraocular pressure (IOP) is essential for normal vision. Impaired AH outflow through the trabecular meshwork (TM) and a resultant elevation in IOP are common changes in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), which is the most prevalent form of glaucoma. Although elevated IOP has been recognized as a definitive risk factor for POAG and lowering elevated IOP remains a mainstay for glaucoma treatment, little is known about the molecular mechanisms, especially external cues and intracellular pathways, involved in the regulation of AH outflow in both normal and glaucomatous eyes. In addition, despite the recognition that increased resistance to AH outflow via the conventional pathway consisting of TM and Schlemm's canal is the main cause for elevated IOP, there are no clinically approved drugs that target the conventional pathway to lower IOP in glaucoma patients. The aim of this article is to briefly review published work on the importance of bioactive lysophospholipids (eg, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate), their receptors, metabolism, signaling, and role in the regulation of AH outflow via the TM and IOP, and to discuss pharmacological targeting of key proteins in the lysophospholipid signaling pathways to lower IOP in glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponugoti Vasantha Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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83
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Plano D, Amin S, Sharma AK. Importance of sphingosine kinase (SphK) as a target in developing cancer therapeutics and recent developments in the synthesis of novel SphK inhibitors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5509-24. [PMID: 24471412 DOI: 10.1021/jm4011687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase (SphK) is an oncogenic lipid kinase that regulates the sphingolipid metabolic pathway that has been shown to play a role in numerous hyperproliferative/inflammatory diseases. The SphK isoforms (SphK1 and SphK2) catalyze the conversion of the proapoptotic substrate d-erythrosphingosine to the promitogenic/migratory product sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Accumulation of S1P has been linked to the development/progression of cancer and various other diseases including, but not limited to, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetic nephropathy. SphK therefore represents a potential new target for developing novel therapeutics for cancer and other diseases. This finding has stimulated the development and evaluation of numerous SphK inhibitors over the past decade or so. In this review, we highlight the recent advancement in the field of SphK inhibitors including SphK1 and SphK2 specific inhibitors. Both sphingolipid based and nolipidic small molecule inhibitors and their importance in treatment of cancer and other diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine , 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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84
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Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a potent sphingolipid mediator, and the kinase that produces it, sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), has been implicated in cancer progression, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases. In this issue of Structure, Wang and colleagues provide the scientific community with the long awaited structure of SphK1.
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85
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Vijayan M, Hahm B. Influenza viral manipulation of sphingolipid metabolism and signaling to modulate host defense system. SCIENTIFICA 2014; 2014:793815. [PMID: 24672735 PMCID: PMC3920843 DOI: 10.1155/2014/793815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Viruses attempt to create a distinctive cellular environment to favor viral replication and spread. Recent studies uncovered new functions of the sphingolipid signaling/metabolism during pathogenic virus infections. While sphingolipids such as sphingomyelin and ceramide were reported to influence the entry step of several viruses, sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes could directly alter viral replication processes. Influenza virus was shown to increase the level of sphingosine kinase (SK) 1 to promote virus propagation. The mechanism involves regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, leading to the amplification of influenza viral RNA synthesis and nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. However, bovine viral diarrhea virus inhibits SK1 to enhance the efficacy of virus replication, demonstrating the presence of virus-specific strategies for modulation of the sphingolipid system. Therefore, investigating the sphingolipid metabolism and signaling in the context of virus replication could help us design innovative therapeutic approaches to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuvanthi Vijayan
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Bumsuk Hahm
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- University of Missouri-Columbia, One Hospital Drive, Medical Sciences Building, NW301C, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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86
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Nakamura H, Murayama T. The Role of Sphingolipids in Arachidonic Acid Metabolism. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 124:307-12. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13r18cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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87
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Vijayan M, Seo YJ, Pritzl CJ, Squires SA, Alexander S, Hahm B. Sphingosine kinase 1 regulates measles virus replication. Virology 2013; 450-451:55-63. [PMID: 24503067 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Measles virus (MV) manipulates host factors to facilitate virus replication. Sphingosine kinase (SK) is an enzyme catalyzing the formation of sphingosine 1-phosphate and modulates multiple cellular processes including the host defense system. Here, we determined the role of SK1 in MV replication. Overexpression of SK1 enhanced MV replication. In contrast, inhibition of SK impaired viral protein expression and infectious virus production from cells expressing MV receptor, SLAM or Nectin-4. The inhibition of virus replication was observed when the cells were infected by vaccine strain or wild type MV or V/C gene-deficient MV. Importantly, SK inhibition suppressed MV-induced activation of NF-κB. The inhibitors specific to NF-κB signal pathway repressed the synthesis of MV proteins, revealing the importance of NF-κB activation for efficient MV replication. Therefore, SK inhibition restricts MV replication and modulates the NF-κB signal pathway, demonstrating that SK is a cellular factor critical for MV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuvanthi Vijayan
- Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Curtis John Pritzl
- Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Sarah Angela Squires
- Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Stephen Alexander
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bumsuk Hahm
- Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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88
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Armitage EG, Barbas C. Metabolomics in cancer biomarker discovery: current trends and future perspectives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 87:1-11. [PMID: 24091079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most devastating human diseases that causes a vast number of mortalities worldwide each year. Cancer research is one of the largest fields in the life sciences and despite many astounding breakthroughs and contributions over the past few decades, there is still a considerable amount to unveil on the function of cancer. It is well known that cancer metabolism differs from that of normal tissue and an important hypothesis published in the 1950s by Otto Warburg proposed that cancer cells rely on anaerobic metabolism as the source for energy, even under physiological oxygen levels. Following this, cancer central carbon metabolism has been researched extensively and beyond respiration, cancer has been found to involve a wide range of metabolic processes, and many more are still to be unveiled. Studying cancer through metabolomics could reveal new biomarkers for cancer that could be useful for its future prognosis, diagnosis and therapy. Metabolomics is becoming an increasingly popular tool in the life sciences since it is a relatively fast and accurate technique that can be applied with either a particular focus or in a global manner to reveal new knowledge about biological systems. There have been many examples of its application to reveal potential biomarkers in different cancers that have employed a range of different analytical platforms. In this review, approaches in metabolomics that have been employed in cancer biomarker discovery are discussed and some of the most noteworthy research in the field is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Armitage
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
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89
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Sphingosine kinase 1 serves as a pro-viral factor by regulating viral RNA synthesis and nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complex upon influenza virus infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75005. [PMID: 24137500 PMCID: PMC3796690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza continues to pose a threat to humans by causing significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, it is imperative to investigate mechanisms by which influenza virus manipulates the function of host factors and cellular signal pathways. In this study, we demonstrate that influenza virus increases the expression and activation of sphingosine kinase (SK) 1, which in turn regulates diverse cellular signaling pathways. Inhibition of SK suppressed virus-induced NF-κB activation and markedly reduced the synthesis of viral RNAs and proteins. Further, SK blockade interfered with activation of Ran-binding protein 3 (RanBP3), a cofactor of chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1), to inhibit CRM1-mediated nuclear export of the influenza viral ribonucleoprotein complex. In support of this observation, SK inhibition altered the phosphorylation of ERK, p90RSK, and AKT, which is the upstream signal of RanBP3/CRM1 activation. Collectively, these results indicate that SK is a key pro-viral factor regulating multiple cellular signal pathways triggered by influenza virus infection.
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90
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Targeting the sphingosine-1-phosphate axis in cancer, inflammation and beyond. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2013; 12:688-702. [PMID: 23954895 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is involved in multiple cellular signalling systems and has a pivotal role in the control of immune cell trafficking. As such, S1P has been implicated in disorders such as cancer and inflammatory diseases. This Review discusses the ways in which S1P might be therapeutically targeted - for example, via the development of chemical inhibitors that target the generation, transport and degradation of S1P and via the development of specific S1P receptor agonists. We also highlight recent conflicting results observed in preclinical studies targeting S1P and discuss ongoing clinical trials in this field.
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91
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Lee YM, Lim C, Lee HS, Shin YK, Shin KO, Lee YM, Kim S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Polyyne-Containing Sphingoid Base Probe as a Chemical Tool. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1324-31. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300684q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Mi Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Chaemin Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hun Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Kyong-Oh Shin
- College
of Pharmacy and MRC, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Lee
- College
of Pharmacy and MRC, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
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92
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Rex K, Jeffries S, Brown ML, Carlson T, Coxon A, Fajardo F, Frank B, Gustin D, Kamb A, Kassner PD, Li S, Li Y, Morgenstern K, Plant M, Quon K, Ruefli-Brasse A, Schmidt J, Swearingen E, Walker N, Wang Z, Watson JEV, Wickramasinghe D, Wong M, Xu G, Wesche H. Sphingosine kinase activity is not required for tumor cell viability. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68328. [PMID: 23861887 PMCID: PMC3702540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinases (SPHKs) are enzymes that phosphorylate the lipid sphingosine, leading to the formation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). In addition to the well established role of extracellular S1P as a mitogen and potent chemoattractant, SPHK activity has been postulated to be an important intracellular regulator of apoptosis. According to the proposed rheostat theory, SPHK activity shifts the intracellular balance from the pro-apoptotic sphingolipids ceramide and sphingosine to the mitogenic S1P, thereby determining the susceptibility of a cell to apoptotic stress. Despite numerous publications with supporting evidence, a clear experimental confirmation of the impact of this mechanism on tumor cell viability in vitro and in vivo has been hampered by the lack of suitable tool reagents. Utilizing a structure based design approach, we developed potent and specific SPHK1/2 inhibitors. These compounds completely inhibited intracellular S1P production in human cells and attenuated vascular permeability in mice, but did not lead to reduced tumor cell growth in vitro or in vivo. In addition, siRNA experiments targeting either SPHK1 or SPHK2 in a large panel of cell lines failed to demonstrate any statistically significant effects on cell viability. These results show that the SPHK rheostat does not play a major role in tumor cell viability, and that SPHKs might not be attractive targets for pharmacological intervention in the area of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Rex
- Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Shawn Jeffries
- Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Brown
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy Carlson
- Pharmacokinetics & Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Angela Coxon
- Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Flordeliza Fajardo
- Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Brendon Frank
- Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Darin Gustin
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander Kamb
- Discovery Sciences, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Kassner
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shyun Li
- Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Yihong Li
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kurt Morgenstern
- Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew Plant
- Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kim Quon
- Therapeutic Innovation Unit, Amgen Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Astrid Ruefli-Brasse
- Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Joanna Schmidt
- Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Elissa Swearingen
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nigel Walker
- Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhulun Wang
- Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Mariwil Wong
- Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Guifen Xu
- Pharmacokinetics & Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Holger Wesche
- Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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93
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Wang Z, Min X, Xiao SH, Johnstone S, Romanow W, Meininger D, Xu H, Liu J, Dai J, An S, Thibault S, Walker N. Molecular basis of sphingosine kinase 1 substrate recognition and catalysis. Structure 2013; 21:798-809. [PMID: 23602659 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2013.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is a lipid kinase that catalyzes the conversion of sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which has been shown to play a role in lymphocyte trafficking, angiogenesis, and response to apoptotic stimuli. As a central enzyme in modulating the S1P levels in cells, SphK1 emerges as an important regulator for diverse cellular functions and a potential target for drug discovery. Here, we present the crystal structures of human SphK1 in the apo form and in complexes with a substrate sphingosine-like lipid, ADP, and an inhibitor at 2.0-2.3 Å resolution. The SphK1 structures reveal a two-domain architecture in which its catalytic site is located in the cleft between the two domains and a hydrophobic lipid-binding pocket is buried in the C-terminal domain. Comparative analysis of these structures with mutagenesis and kinetic studies provides insight into how SphK1 recognizes the lipid substrate and catalyzes ATP-dependent phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhulun Wang
- Department of Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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94
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Byun HS, Pyne S, Macritchie N, Pyne NJ, Bittman R. Novel sphingosine-containing analogues selectively inhibit sphingosine kinase (SK) isozymes, induce SK1 proteasomal degradation and reduce DNA synthesis in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013; 4. [PMID: 24396570 DOI: 10.1039/c3md00201b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is involved in hyper-proliferative diseases such as cancer and pulmonary arterial hypertension. We have synthesized inhibitors that are selective for the two isoforms of sphingosine kinase (SK1 and SK2) that catalyze the synthesis of S1P. A thiourea adduct of sphinganine (F02) is selective for SK2 whereas the 1-deoxysphinganines 55-21 and 77-7 are selective for SK1. (2S,3R)-1-Deoxysphinganine (55-21) induced the proteasomal degradation of SK1 in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and inhibited DNA synthesis, while the more potent SK1 inhibitors PF-543 and VPC96091 failed to inhibit DNA synthesis. These findings indicate that moderate potency inhibitors such as 55-21 are likely to have utility in unraveling the functions of SK1 in inflammatory and hyperproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoe-Sup Byun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367-1597, USA. Tel: +1 718-997-3279
| | - Susan Pyne
- Cell Biology Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Neil Macritchie
- Cell Biology Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Cell Biology Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367-1597, USA. Tel: +1 718-997-3279
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