51
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Riascos RF, Kamali A, Hakimelahi R, Mwangi B, Rabiei P, Seidler RD, Behzad BB, Keser Z, Kramer LA, Hasan KM. Longitudinal Analysis of Quantitative Brain MRI in Astronauts Following Microgravity Exposure. J Neuroimaging 2019; 29:323-330. [DOI: 10.1111/jon.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roy F. Riascos
- Department of Diagnostic and Intervention ImagingUniversity of Texas Health Science Center Houston TX
| | - Arash Kamali
- Department of Diagnostic and Intervention ImagingUniversity of Texas Health Science Center Houston TX
| | | | - Benson Mwangi
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center Houston TX
| | - Pejman Rabiei
- Department of Diagnostic and Intervention ImagingUniversity of Texas Health Science Center Houston TX
| | - Rachael D. Seidler
- Department of Applied Physiology & KinesiologyUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Barzin B. Behzad
- Department of RadiologyTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso TX
| | - Zafer Keser
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center Houston TX
| | - Larry A. Kramer
- Department of Diagnostic and Intervention ImagingUniversity of Texas Health Science Center Houston TX
| | - Khader M. Hasan
- Department of Diagnostic and Intervention ImagingUniversity of Texas Health Science Center Houston TX
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52
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Marusic U, Kavcic V, Pisot R, Goswami N. The Role of Enhanced Cognition to Counteract Detrimental Effects of Prolonged Bed Rest: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1864. [PMID: 30728781 PMCID: PMC6351441 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged periods of physical inactivity or bed rest can lead to a significant decline of functional and cognitive functions. Different kinds of countermeasures (e.g., centrifugation, nutritional, and aerobic interventions) have been developed to attempt to mitigate negative effects related to bed rest confinement. The aim of this report is to provide an overview of the current evidence related to the effectiveness of computerized cognitive training (CCT) intervention during a period of complete physical inactivity in older adults. CCT, using a virtual maze navigation task, appears to be effective and has long-lasting benefits (up to 1.5 years after the study). Moreover, enhanced cognition (executive control) reduces decline in the ability to perform complex motor-cognitive dual-tasks after prolonged period of bed rest. It has been demonstrated that CCT administration in older adults also prevents bed rest stress-related physiological changes [these groups showed minimal changes in vascular function and an unchanged level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)] while control subjects showed decreased peripheral vascularization and increased plasma level of the neurotrophin BDNF during a 14-day bed rest. In addition, the effects of CCT are evident also from the brain electrocortical findings: CCT group revealed a decreased power in lower delta and theta bands while significant increases in the same EEG spectral bands power were found in control subjects. If we consider an increase of power in delta band as a marker of cortical aging, then the lack of shift of EEG power to lower band indicates a preventive role of CCT on the cortical level during physiological deconditioning induced by 2-week bed rest immobilization. However, replication on a larger sample is required to confirm the observed findings. Applications derived from these findings could be appropriate for implementation of hospital treatment for bed ridden patients as well as for fall prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uros Marusic
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia.,Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea - European Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Voyko Kavcic
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Rado Pisot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea - European Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Head of Research Unit: "Gravitational Physiology, Aging and Medicine", Otto Loewi Research Center of Vascular Biology, Immunity and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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53
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Esmaeilzadeh S, Hartman E, Farzizadeh R, Azevedo LB, Kalantari HA, Dziembowska I, Kostencka A, Narimani M, Abravesh A. Association between physical fitness and cognitive performance in 19-24 year old males. Biol Sport 2018; 35:355-362. [PMID: 30765921 PMCID: PMC6358526 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.78056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the association between physical fitness (PF) and cognitive performance in a sample of 19-24 year old males. Two hundred and eleven young males (20.2±1.5 years) participated in the study. Cognitive functioning tasks including information processing speed and inhibitory control were measured in addition to PF and motor fitness components such as aerobic fitness, static strength, explosive strength, agility and speed. Regression analysis showed that after adjustment for potential confounders (e.g. age, socioeconomic status, adiposity and physical activity), aerobic fitness (represented by shorter time in the one-mile run) was positively associated with composite inhibitory control scores (standardized β=0.17; p=0.04) and negatively associated with ∆ Simon (standardized β= -0.21; p=0.04). Explosive strength was negatively associated with composite information processing scores (standardized β= -0.24; P=0.01), and composite inhibitory control scores (standardized β= -0.22; p=0.02). Speed of movement, agility and static strength were not associated with any of the cognitive tests. In conclusion, aerobic fitness and explosive strength but not speed, agility or static strength might be indicators of underlying cognitive functioning tasks in 19-24 year old males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Esmaeilzadeh
- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Esther Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reza Farzizadeh
- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Liane B. Azevedo
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Hassan-Ali Kalantari
- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Inga Dziembowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Torun, Poland
| | - Alicja Kostencka
- Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Poland
| | - Mohammad Narimani
- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Department of Psychology, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Akbar Abravesh
- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Department of Statistics, Ardabil, Iran
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54
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Stöllberger C, Finsterer J. Side effects of whole-body electro-myo-stimulation. Wien Med Wochenschr 2018; 169:173-180. [PMID: 30141113 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-018-0655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body-electro-myo-stimulation (WB-EMS) has been introduced as an alternative to physical training. The aim of the review is to summarize the data about indications and side effects of WB-EMS.A literature search in PubMed disclosed 11 randomized trials, 3 cohort studies, and 7 case reports. From healthy volunteers, enormous creatine kinase (CK) elevations were reported. There is a lack of data about biological consequences of WB-EMS on other organs. In randomized trials, CK levels were not investigated, but several patients discontinued WB-EMS because of "muscular discomfort." Contraindications for WB-EMS are not clearly defined. Nine cases of rhabdomyolysis after WB-EMS were found, preferentially after the first application.Regulatory authorities should increase the safety of WB-EMS. Patients with a history of rhabdomyolysis should not undergo WB-EMS and those experiencing rhabdomyolysis should be neurologically investigated. Since the value of WB-EMS as an alternative to physical exercise is uncertain, we need to proof or disproof its benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stöllberger
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Juchgasse 25, 1030, Wien, Austria. .,, Steingasse 31/18, 1030, Wien, Austria.
| | - Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Juchgasse 25, 1030, Wien, Austria
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55
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Herold F, Hamacher D, Schega L, Müller NG. Thinking While Moving or Moving While Thinking - Concepts of Motor-Cognitive Training for Cognitive Performance Enhancement. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:228. [PMID: 30127732 PMCID: PMC6089337 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The demographic change in industrial countries, with increasingly sedentary lifestyles, has a negative impact on mental health. Normal and pathological aging leads to cognitive deficits. This development poses major challenges on national health systems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient cognitive enhancement strategies. The combination of regular physical exercise with cognitive stimulation seems especially suited to increase an individual's cognitive reserve, i.e., his/her resistance to degenerative processes of the brain. Here, we outline insufficiently explored fields in exercise-cognition research and provide a classification approach for different motor-cognitive training regimens. We suggest to classify motor-cognitive training in two categories, (I) sequential motor-cognitive training (the motor and cognitive training are conducted time separated) and (II) simultaneous motor-cognitive training (motor and cognitive training are conducted sequentially). In addition, simultaneous motor-cognitive training may be distinguished based on the specific characteristics of the cognitive task. If successfully solving the cognitive task is not a relevant prerequisite to complete the motor-cognitive task, we would consider this type of training as (IIa) motor-cognitive training with additional cognitive task. In contrast, in ecologically more valid (IIb) motor cognitive training with incorporated cognitive task, the cognitive tasks are a relevant prerequisite to solve the motor-cognitive task. We speculate that incorporating cognitive tasks into motor tasks, rather than separate training of mental and physical functions, is the most promising approach to efficiently enhance cognitive reserve. Further research investigating the influence of motor(-cognitive) exercises with different quantitative and qualitative characteristics on cognitive performance is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Hamacher
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Notger G. Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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56
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Esteban-Cornejo I, Catena A, Hillman CH, Kramer AF, Erickson KI, Ortega FB. Commentary: At least eighty percent of brain grey matter is modifiable by physical activity: a review study. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:195. [PMID: 29867418 PMCID: PMC5952008 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- Center for Cognitve and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern Unviersity, Boston, MA, United States.,PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrés Catena
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Center for Cognitve and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern Unviersity, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Physical Therapy, Movement & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern Unviersity, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Center for Cognitve and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern Unviersity, Boston, MA, United States.,Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Brain Aging & Cognitive Health Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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