51
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Syed LU, Swisher LZ, Huff H, Rochford C, Wang F, Liu J, Wu J, Richter M, Balivada S, Troyer D, Li J. Luminol-labeled gold nanoparticles for ultrasensitive chemiluminescence-based chemical analyses. Analyst 2014; 138:5600-9. [PMID: 23851397 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01005h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report a study on chemiluminescence-based chemical analyses using luminol molecules covalently attached to 10 nm diameter gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Chemiluminescence (CL) has been systematically studied under two schemes by varying the concentrations of luminol-labeled GNPs and [Fe(CN)6](3-) catalyst, respectively. The CL signal of luminol-labeled GNPs is enhanced by 5 to 10 times compared to the bulk luminol solutions of the same concentration. The log-log plot of the CL signal versus the number of luminol-labeled GNPs suspended in a standard 96-well plate shows two characteristic linear curves with distinct slopes across eight orders of magnitude variation in the GNP quantity (from 1.82 × 10(2) to 1.82 × 10(10) GNPs per well). The detection limit represented by the cross-point of these two curves can reach down to ~6.1 × 10(5) GNPs per well (corresponding to 1.0 × 10(-14) M GNP and 2.4 × 10(-11) M equivalent luminol concentration). The attachment of luminol molecules to GNP nano-carriers allows a large amount of luminol to be placed in a greatly reduced volume (or area) toward developing miniaturized CL sensors. We have demonstrated this by preloading dried luminol-labeled GNPs in homemade microwell arrays (with a volume of ~12 μL per well). A linear log-log curve can be obtained across the full range from 1 × 10(3) to 1 × 10(10) GNPs per microwell. The CL signal was detectable with as few as ~1000 GNPs. We have further applied this microwell method to the detection of highly diluted blood samples, in both intact and lysed forms, which releases Fe(3+)-containing hemoglobin to catalyze luminol CL. The lysed blood sample can be detected even after a 10(8) fold dilution (corresponding to ~0.18 cells per well). This ultrasensitive CL detection method may be readily adapted for developing various miniaturized multiplex biosensors for rapid chemical/biochemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lateef U Syed
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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52
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Suthiwangcharoen N, Li T, Wu L, Reno HB, Thompson P, Wang Q. Facile co-assembly process to generate core-shell nanoparticles with functional protein corona. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:948-56. [PMID: 24517712 DOI: 10.1021/bm401819x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple and robust protocol to maintain the structural feature of polymer-protein core-shell nanoparticles (PPCS-NPs) is developed based on the synergistic interactions between proteins and functional polymers. Using the self-assembly method, a broad range of proteins can be assembled to the selective water-insoluble polymers containing pyridine groups. The detailed analysis of the PPCS-NPs structure was conducted using FESEM and thin-sectioned TEM. The results illustrated that the protein molecules are located on the corona of the PPCS-NPs. While proteins are displacing between water and polymer to minimize the interfacial energy, the polymer offers a unique microenvironment to maintain protein structure and conformation. The proposed mechanism is based on a fine balance between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, as well as hydrogen bonding between proteins and polymer. The PPCS-NPs can serve as a scaffold to incorporate both glucose oxidase (GOX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) onto a single particle. Such a GOX-HRP bienzymatic system showed a ~20% increase in activity in comparison to the mixed free enzymes. Our method therefore provides a unique platform to preserve protein structure and conformation and can be extended to a number of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisaraporn Suthiwangcharoen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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53
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Zhang G, Sun H, Li F, Yang S, Xu XH, Gao R, Zhao L, Lu X. The construction of a fluorescent nano-probe and its application in detecting transgenic Bt rice TT51-1. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06590e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A fluorescent nano-probe that simultaneously detects the rice endogenous housekeeping gene SPS and the exogenous Bt gene (Cry1Ab/Ac).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology
- Jinan, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology
- Jinan, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Plant Protection
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology
- Jinan, China
| | - Shuke Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology
- Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Hui Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology
- Jinan, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology
- Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Life Science
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan, China
| | - Xingbo Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology
- Jinan, China
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54
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Liu L, Shi S, Zhao H, Yu J, Jiang X, Chen X. Selective fishing and analysis of xanthine oxidase binders from two Fabaceae species by coupling enzyme functionalized core–shell magnetic nanoparticles with HPLC–MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 945-946:163-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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55
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Jia F, Narasimhan B, Mallapragada S. Materials-based strategies for multi-enzyme immobilization and co-localization: A review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:209-22. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa 50011-2230
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa 50011-2230
| | - Surya Mallapragada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa 50011-2230
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56
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Development of bimetal-grown multi-scale carbon micro-nanofibers as an immobilizing matrix for enzymes in biosensor applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:4313-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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57
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Korkmaz N. Recombinant bacteriophages as gold binding bio-templates. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 112:219-28. [PMID: 23994747 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are nano-sized virion particles infecting bacteria. In this study, it is shown that metal binding properties of filamentous fd-bacteriophages can be enhanced by genetic engineering. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) analyses, UV-vis absorption spectra measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed that expression of MMM short amino acid sequence on major coat protein p8 facilitates recombinant MMM-phage binding to Au surfaces and nanoparticles (NPs) via gold-sulfur (AuS) interaction. Electroless deposition of Au particles on phage assemblies was investigated upon chemical reduction reaction with NaBH4 at different HAuCl4 precursor concentrations. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements confirmed the presence of Au on both AuNP decorated and chemically metallized phage structures. Further studies on patterning and controlled immobilization of recombinant bacteriophages on specific surfaces may contribute to bio-templated nanowire development field and biosensor application studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuriye Korkmaz
- Convergence Bioscience Group, Nanomedicine Team, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Campus E 71, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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58
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He H, Xu X, Wu H, Zhai Y, Jin Y. In Situ Nanoplasmonic Probing of Enzymatic Activity of Monolayer-Confined Glucose Oxidase on Colloidal Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4546-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4001805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haili He
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin,
P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin,
P. R. China
| | - Haoxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin,
P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Yujuan Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin,
P. R. China
| | - Yongdong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin,
P. R. China
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59
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Enhanced stability of catalase covalently immobilized on functionalized titania submicrospheres. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:1438-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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60
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Immobilization ofα-Chymotrypsin on the Surface of Magnetic/Gold Core/Shell Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/830151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, nanoparticles used as protein carriers have opened new avenues for a variety of biomedical applications. The main concern for these applications is changes in biological activity of immobilized proteins due to conformational changes on the surface of the carrier. To evaluate this concern, the preparation and biocatalyst activity ofα-chymotrypsin-Fe3O4@ Au core/shell nanoparticles were investigated. First, Fe3O4@ Au core/shell nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation method and citrate reduction of HAuCl4. TEM imaging revealed a core size of 13 ± 3 nm and a shell thickness of 4 ± 1 nm for synthesized nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to study the crystalline structure of the nanoparticles. Next, the enzyme was immobilized on the surface of synthesized nanoparticles by covalent bonding of Au shell with thiol and amine groups present in the protein structure (e.g., cysteine and histidine residues). FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy were utilized to study secondary and tertiary structures of the immobilized enzyme. Results show that the secondary and tertiary structures of the enzyme remain virtually unchanged after immobilization on the nanoparticles surface. However, the biocatalyst activity of the enzyme was reduced by thirty percent, indicating possible conformational changes or active site occlusion.
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61
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Lim G, Kim J, Kim JH. Optimization of the masking molecule for active-site-protected immobilization of Taq DNA polymerase and its application. Anal Biochem 2012; 432:139-41. [PMID: 23036837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The method of oriented and activity-preserved immobilization of biologically active proteins based on concepts of active-site masking and kinetic control was further developed in this study. Minimal requirements for the masking DNA molecule were found to be a 5'overhang of 5-7 nucleotides and a double-stranded region of 11-13 bp to retain approximately 70% of the enzyme activity. The amplification range of protected immobilized (PIM) Taq DNA polymerase was over 1.2 kb. These data suggest that PIM Taq DNA polymerase can be used for various commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gumjung Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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62
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Briñas RP, Maetani M, Barchi JJ. A survey of place-exchange reaction for the preparation of water-soluble gold nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 392:415-421. [PMID: 23149107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained considerable attention because they offer a myriad of potential applications, especially in the fields of biology and medicine. One method to prepare such gold nanoparticles is through the well-known Murray place-exchange reaction. In this method, precursor gold nanoparticles, bearing labile ligands and with very good size distribution, are synthesized first, and then reacted with a large excess of the desired ligand. We report a comparison of the reactivity of several known precursor gold nanoparticles (citrate-stabilized, pentanethiol-stabilized, tetraoctylammonium bromide-stabilized, and 4-dimethylaminopyridine-stabilized) to several biologically relevant ligands, including amino acids, peptides, and carbohydrates. We found that citrate-stabilized and 4-dimethylaminopyridine-stabilized gold nanoparticles have broader reactivities than the other precursors studied. Citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles are more versatile precursors because they can be prepared in a wide range of sizes and are very stable. The hydrophobic pentane-stabilized gold nanoparticles made them "inert" toward highly water-soluble ligands. Tetraoctylammonium bromide-stabilized gold nanoparticles exhibited selective reactivity, especially for small, unhindered and amphiphilic ligands. Depending on the desired ligand and size of AuNPs, a judicious selection of the available precursors can be made for use in place-exchange reactions. In preparing water-soluble AuNPs with biologically relevant ligands, the nature of the incoming ligand and the size of the AuNP should be taken into account in order to choose the most suitable place-exchange procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond P Briñas
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Micah Maetani
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Joseph J Barchi
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States.
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63
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Ansari SA, Husain Q. Potential applications of enzymes immobilized on/in nano materials: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:512-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 834] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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64
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Yang WJ, Yang CS, Huang CJ, Chen KS, Lin SF. Bostrycin, a novel coupling agent for protein immobilization and prevention of biomaterial-centered infection produced by Nigrospora sp. No. 407. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 50:287-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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65
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Zhang P, Han H. Compact PEGylated polymer-caged quantum dots with improved stability. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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66
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Mahon E, Salvati A, Baldelli Bombelli F, Lynch I, Dawson KA. Designing the nanoparticle-biomolecule interface for "targeting and therapeutic delivery". J Control Release 2012; 161:164-74. [PMID: 22516097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous transport mechanisms which occur in living organisms have evolved to allow selective transport and processing operate on a scale of tens of nanometers. This presents the possibility of unprecedented access for engineered nanoscale materials to organs and sub-cellular locations, materials which may in principle be targeted to precise locations for diagnostic or therapeutic gain. For this reason, nano-architectures could represent a truly radical departure as delivery agents for drugs, genes and therapies to treat a host of diseases. Thus, for active targeting, unlike the case of small molecular drugs where molecular structure has evolved to promote higher physiochemical affinity to specific sites, one aims to exploit these energy dependant endogenous processes. Many active targeting strategies have been developed, but despite this truly remarkable potential, in applications they have met with mixed success to date. This situation may have more to do with our current understanding and integration of knowledge across disciplines, than any intrinsic limitation on the vision itself. In this review article we suggest that much more fundamental and detailed control of the nanoparticle-biomolecule interface is required for sustained and general success in this field. In the simplest manifestation, pristine nanoparticles in biological fluids act as a scaffold for biomolecules, which adsorb rapidly to the nanoparticles' surface, conferring a new biological identity to the nanoparticles. It is this nanoparticle-biomolecule interface that is 'read' and acted upon by the cellular machinery. Moreover, where targeting moieties are grafted onto nanoparticles, they may not retain their function as a result of poor orientation, and structural or conformational disruption. Further surface adsorption of biomolecules from the surrounding environment i.e. the formation of a biomolecule corona may also obscure specific surface recognition. To transfer the remarkable possibilities of nanoscale interactions in biology into therapeutics one may need a more focused and dedicated approach to the understanding of the in situ (in vivo) interface between engineered nanomaedicines and their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Mahon
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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67
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Zhang Y, Hei T, Cai Y, Gao Q, Zhang Q. Affinity Binding-Guided Fluorescent Nanobiosensor for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors via Distance Modulation between the Fluorophore and Metallic Nanoparticle. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2830-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300436m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of
Education, ‡Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Tingting Hei
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of
Education, ‡Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Yanan Cai
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of
Education, ‡Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Qunqun Gao
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of
Education, ‡Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of
Education, ‡Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
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68
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Xu C, Ren J, Feng L, Qu X. H2O2 triggered sol–gel transition used for visual detection of glucose. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:3739-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17872a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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69
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Hsu FY, Yu DS, Chang JC, Chuang CL. Silver Nanoparticles as a Glucose Oxidase Immobilization Matrix for Amperometric Glucose Biosensor Construction. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201190118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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70
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Tiwari PM, Vig K, Dennis VA, Singh SR. Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2011; 1:31-63. [PMID: 28348279 PMCID: PMC5315048 DOI: 10.3390/nano1010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are being extensively used in various biomedical applications due to their small size to volume ratio and extensive thermal stability. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are an obvious choice due to their amenability of synthesis and functionalization, less toxicity and ease of detection. The present review focuses on various methods of functionalization of GNPs and their applications in biomedical research. Functionalization facilitates targeted delivery of these nanoparticles to various cell types, bioimaging, gene delivery, drug delivery and other therapeutic and diagnostic applications. This review is an amalgamation of recent advances in the field of functionalization of gold nanoparticles and their potential applications in the field of medicine and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja M Tiwari
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, 1627, Hall Street, Montgomery, AL 36101, USA.
| | - Komal Vig
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, 1627, Hall Street, Montgomery, AL 36101, USA.
| | - Vida A Dennis
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, 1627, Hall Street, Montgomery, AL 36101, USA.
| | - Shree R Singh
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, 1627, Hall Street, Montgomery, AL 36101, USA.
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71
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Horák D, Matulka K, Hlídková H, Lapčíková M, Beneš MJ, Jaroš J, Hampl A, Dvořák P. Pentapeptide-modified poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 98:54-67. [PMID: 21563303 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) hydrogel scaffolds were prepared by radical copolymerization of N,N-diethylacrylamide (DEAAm), N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and methacrylic acid in the presence of (NH₄)₂SO₄ or NaCl. The hydrogels were characterized by low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy in the water-swollen state, water and cyclohexane regain, and by mercury porosimetry. The pentapeptide, YIGSR-NH₂, was immobilized on the hydrogel. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were cultured with the hydrogels to test their biocompatibility. The results suggest that the PDEAAm hydrogel scaffolds are nontoxic and support hESC attachment and proliferation, and that interconnected pores of the scaffolds are important for hESC cultivation. Immobilization of YIGSR-NH₂ pentapeptide on the PDEAAm surface improved both adhesion and growth of hESCs compared with the unmodified hydrogel. The YIGSR-NH₂-modified PDEAAm hydrogels may be a useful tool for tissue-engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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72
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Solvothermal fabrication of adsorptive polymer monolith with large nanopores towards biomolecules immobilization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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73
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Deepak V, Umamaheshwaran PS, Guhan K, Nanthini RA, Krithiga B, Jaithoon NMH, Gurunathan S. Synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using purified URAK. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 86:353-8. [PMID: 21592748 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at developing a new eco-friendly process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using purified URAK. URAK is a fibrinolytic enzyme produced by Bacillus cereus NK1. The enzyme was purified and used for the synthesis of AuNPs and AgNPs. The enzyme produced AgNPs when incubated with 1 mM AgNO3 for 24 h and AuNPs when incubated with 1 mM HAuCl4 for 60 h. But when NaOH was added, the synthesis was rapid and occurred within 5 min for AgNPs and 12 h for AuNPs. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by a peak at 440 nm and 550 nm in the UV-visible spectrum. TEM analysis showed that AgNPs of the size 60 nm and AuNPs of size 20 nm were synthesized. XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles and AFM showed the morphology of the nanoparticle to be spherical. FT-IR showed that protein was responsible for the synthesis of the nanoparticles. This process is highly simple, versatile and produces AgNPs and AuNPs in environmental friendly manner. Moreover, the synthesized nanoparticles were found to contain immobilized enzyme. Also, URAK was tested on RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line and was found to be non-cytotoxic until 100 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataraman Deepak
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam University, Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil 626190, Tamil Nadu, India
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74
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Pedrosa VA, Yan J, Simonian AL, Revzin A. Micropatterned Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Biosensing Applications. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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75
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Yacobi NR, Fazllolahi F, Kim YH, Sipos A, Borok Z, Kim KJ, Crandall ED. Nanomaterial interactions with and trafficking across the lung alveolar epithelial barrier: implications for health effects of air-pollution particles. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2011; 4:65-78. [PMID: 25568662 PMCID: PMC4283834 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-010-0098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the health effects of air-pollution particles suggest that injury may result from inhalation of airborne ultrafine particles (<100 nm in diameter). Engineered nanomaterials (<100 nm in at least one dimension) may also be harmful if inhaled. Nanomaterials deposited on the respiratory epithelial tract are thought to cross the air-blood barrier, especially via the expansive alveolar region, into the systemic circulation to reach end organs (e.g., myocardium, liver, pancreas, kidney, and spleen). Since ambient ultrafine particles are difficult to track, studies of defined engineered nanomaterials have been used to obtain valuable information on how nanomaterials interact with and traffic across the air-blood barrier of mammalian lungs. Since specific mechanistic information on how nanomaterials interact with the lung is difficult to obtain using in vivo or ex vivo lungs due to their complex anatomy, in vitro alveolar epithelial models have been of considerable value in determining nanomaterial-lung interactions. In this review, we provide information on mechanisms underlying lung alveolar epithelial injury caused by various nanomaterials and on nanomaterial trafficking across alveolar epithelium that may lead to end-organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin R. Yacobi
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Farnoosh Fazllolahi
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Arnold Sipos
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kwang-Jin Kim
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Edward D. Crandall
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, IRD 620, 2020 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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76
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Tuncagil S, Ozdemir C, Demirkol DO, Timur S, Toppare L. Gold nanoparticle modified conducting polymer of 4-(2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrole-1-l) benzenamine for potential use as a biosensing material. Food Chem 2011; 127:1317-22. [PMID: 25214132 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) modified conducting polymer of 4-(2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzenamine (SNS-NH2) was used as the biosensing platform for glucose analysis. Electrochemical measurements were carried out by following the consumed oxygen due to the enzymatic reaction of glucose oxidase (GOx) at -0.7V vs Ag/AgCl. Optimisation of pH, enzyme loading, stability experiments were carried out. Effect of NP was investigated by monitoring the signal responses at different AuNP sizes and amounts. A linear relation of y=1.597x+0.264 (R(2)=0.993) was found for glucose concentrations between 0.002 and 5.0mM. The analytical characteristics of the system were also evaluated for glucose determination in flow injection analysis (FIA) mode. Finally, the system was checked for glucose detection on real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Tuncagil
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkiye; Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Caglar Ozdemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Dilek Odaci Demirkol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Suna Timur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkiye.
| | - Levent Toppare
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkiye; Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkiye
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77
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Deepak V, Ilangovan S, Sampathkumar MV, Victoria MJ, Pasha SPBS, Pandian SBRK, Gurunathan S. Medium optimization and immobilization of purified fibrinolytic URAK from Bacillus cereus NK1 on PHB nanoparticles. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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78
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German N, Ramanavicius A, Voronovic J, Oztekin Y, Ramanaviciene A. The effect of colloidal solutions of gold nanoparticles on the performance of a glucose oxidase modified carbon electrode. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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79
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Odaci D, Kahveci MU, Sahkulubey EL, Ozdemir C, Uyar T, Timur S, Yagci Y. In situ synthesis of biomolecule encapsulated gold-cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) nanocomposite as biosensing platform: A model study. Bioelectrochemistry 2010; 79:211-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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80
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Nguyen DT, Kim DJ, Kim KS. Controlled synthesis and biomolecular probe application of gold nanoparticles. Micron 2010; 42:207-27. [PMID: 20952201 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In addition to their optical properties, the ability of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to generate table immobilization of biomolecules, whilst retaining their bioactivities is a major advantage to apply them as biosensors. Optical biosensors using Au NPs are simple, fast and reliable and, recently, they have been moving from laboratory study to the point of practical use. The optical properties of Au NPs strongly depend on their size, shape, degree of aggregation and the functional groups on their surface. Rapid advances in the field of nanotechnology offer us a great opportunity to develop the controllable synthesis and modification of Au NPs as well as to study on their properties and applications. The size-controlled growth of Au NPs requires the isotropic growth on the surface of Au nuclei whereas anisotropic growth will induce the formation of Au NPs of varying shape. Functionalized Au NPs provide sensitive and selective biosensors for the detection of many targets, including metal ions, small organic compounds, protein, DNA, RNA and cell based on their optical, electrical or electrochemical signals. In this review, we will discuss the size- and shape-controlled growth and functionalization of Au NPs to obtain Au nanoprobes. The basis of the optical detection of Au nanoprobes and their applications in nucleic acid, protein detection and cell imaging are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung The Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 200-701, Republic of Korea
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81
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Dumbrepatil AB, Lee SG, Chung SJ, Lee MG, Park BC, Kim TJ, Woo EJ. Development of a nanoparticle-based FRET sensor for ultrasensitive detection of phytoestrogen compounds. Analyst 2010; 135:2879-86. [PMID: 20877819 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00385a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant compounds that mimic the actions of endogenous estrogens. The abundance of these chemicals in nature and their potential effects on health require the development of a convenient method to detect phytoestrogens. We have developed a nanoparticle (NP)-conjugated FRET probe based on the human estrogen receptor α (ER) ligand-binding domain (LBD) to detect phytoestrogens. The NP-conjugated FRET probe showed fluorescence signals for genistein, resveratrol and daidzein compounds with Δ ratios of 1.65, 2.60 and 1.37 respectively, which are approximately six times greater compared to individual FRET probes. A significantly higher signal for resveratrol versus genistein and daidzein indicates that the probe can differentiate between antagonistic phytoalexin substances and agonistic isoflavone compounds. NP-conjugated probes demonstrated a wide dynamic range, ranging from 10(-18) to 10(-1) M with EC(50) values of 9.6 × 10(-10), 9.0 × 10(-10) and 9.2 × 10(-10) M for genistein, daidzein and resveratrol respectively, whereas individual probes detected concentrations of 10(-13) to 10(-4) M for phytoestrogens compounds. The time profile revealed that the NP-conjugated probe is stable over 30 h and there is not a significant deviation in the FRET signal at room temperature. These data demonstrate that conjugation of a FRET probe to nanoparticles is able to serve as an effective FRET sensor for monitoring bioactive compounds with significantly increased sensitivity, dynamic range and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti B Dumbrepatil
- Korea Research Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 111 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
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82
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Robatjazi SM, Shojaosadati SA, Khalilzadeh R, Farahani EV. Optimization of the covalent coupling and ionic adsorption of magnetic nanoparticles onFlavobacteriumATCC 27551 using the Taguchi method. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2010.516390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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83
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Jans H, Jans K, Stakenborg T, Van de Broek B, Lagae L, Maes G, Borghs G. Impact of pre-concentration to covalently biofunctionalize suspended nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:345102. [PMID: 20683138 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/34/345102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The effective biofunctionalization of nanoparticles is crucial for biomedical applications. In this study we investigated the covalent biofunctionalization of magnetic nanoparticles based on carbodiimide activation. An important aspect in the covalent biofunctionalization of nanoparticles has been neglected, namely pre-concentration. Exploiting the electrostatic attraction forces between a protein and the nanoparticle surface will favor the covalent immobilization. We showed that low ionic strength buffers with a pH slightly lower than the pI of the selected biomolecules is needed to increase the yield of covalent immobilization. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the covalently immobilized proteins are bioactive, relying on a sandwich assay using gold nanoparticles as reporter labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jans
- Imec, SSET/Functional Nanosystems, Leuven, Belgium.
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84
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Abstract
Ten years ago I wrote a review about the important field of core-shell nanoparticles, focussing mainly on our own work about tracer systems, and briefly addressing polymer-coated nanoparticles as fillers for homogeneous polymer-colloid composites. Since then, the potential use of core-shell nanoparticles as multifunctional sensors or potential smart drug-delivery vehicles in biology and medicine has gained more and more importance, affording special types of multi-functionalized and bio-compatible nanoparticles. In this new review article, I try to address the most important developments during the last ten years. This overview is mainly based on frequently cited and more specialized recent review articles from leaders in their respective field. We will consider a variety of nanoscopic core-shell architectures from highly fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs), protected magnetic NPs, multifunctional NPs, thermoresponsive NPs and biocompatible systems to, finally, smart drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Schärtl
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes-Gutenberg Universitaet, Welderweg 11, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
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85
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Li D, He Q, Li J. Smart core/shell nanocomposites: intelligent polymers modified gold nanoparticles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 149:28-38. [PMID: 19201389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Revised: 12/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the polymer modified gold nanoparticles have showed much potential in advanced materials. In this paper, the smart core/shell nanocomposites of intelligent polymers and gold nanoparticles were reviewed from the preparation, properties to potential applications. The main preparative methods were detailed including the direct-synthesis method, "graft-to" strategy, "graft-from" strategy and physical adsorption method, in which the surface-initiated radical polymerization such as atom-transfer radical polymerization and reversible-addition fragmentation chain-transfer radical polymerization displayed several advantages for well-defined nanostructures. The stimuli-responsive property and potential uses of such-fabricated nanocomposites were sorted to thermosensitive, pH responsive and other responsive catalogues to describe more clarified. In application, the combination of gold nanoparticles and intelligent polymers provides a facile path for intelligent materials and might be encouraged to hold enormous chances in biotechnology and nanotechnology.
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86
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Ma Z, Ding T. Bioconjugates of Glucose Oxidase and Gold Nanorods Based on Electrostatic Interaction with Enhanced Thermostability. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2009; 4:1236-1240. [PMID: 20596428 PMCID: PMC2894096 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-009-9385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioconjugates made up of an enzyme and gold nanorods (GNRs) were fabricated by electrostatic interactions (layer-by-layer method, LBL) between anionic glucose oxidase (GOD) and positively charged GNRs. The assembled processes were monitored by UV-Vis spectra, zeta potential measurements, and transmission electron microscopy. The enzyme activity assays of the obtained bioconjugates display a relatively enhanced thermostability behavior in contrast with that of free enzyme. Free GOD in solution only retains about 22% of its relative activity at 90 degrees C. Unexpectedly, the immobilized GOD on GNRs still retains about 39.3% activity after the same treatment. This work will be of significance for the biologic enhancement using other kinds of anisotropic nanostructure and suggests a new way of enhancing enzyme thermostability using anisotropic metal nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Teng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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87
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Ma Z, Han H, Tu S, Xue J. Fabrication of shape-controlled hematite particles and growth of gold nanoshells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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88
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Reisner HM, Lundblad RL. Identifying residues in antigenic determinants by chemical modification. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 524:103-117. [PMID: 19377940 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-450-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chemical modification of the side chains of amino acid residues was one of the first methods developed to investigate epitopes in protein antigens. The principle of the method is that alteration of the structure of a key residue of an epitope by a chemical modification will alter reactivity with antibody by affecting either specificity or avidity or both. Chemical modification has the advantage that it can be applied to discontinuous as well as continuous epitopes and may be of value in identifying cryptic epitopes. We consider here the several recent studies that have applied site-specific chemical modification to the identification of epitopes on antigens, including the use of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and acid anhydrides, to produce allergoids where determinants important to reaction with IgE are modified but the ability to elicit an IgG response is retained. It is noteworthy that modification of amino groups with charge reversal appears to be the most useful approach. The approach to the use of site-specific chemical modification as a tool for the study of protein function is discussed, and emphasis is placed on the necessity to (1) validate the specificity of modification and (2) assess potential conformational change that may occur secondary to modification. Finally, a list of chemical reagents used for protein modification is presented, together with properties and references to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard M Reisner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, PO Box 16695, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
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89
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Sule N, Singh R, Srivastava DK. Alternative Modes of Binding of Recombinant Human Histone Deacetylase 8 to Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2008; 4:463-468. [PMID: 19956788 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2008.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases are intimately involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes, and they are high priority drug targets for cancer therapy. Due to prevalence of several sulfhydryl groups on the surface of histone deacetylase 8, we explored the possibility of its binding to colloidal gold nanoparticles by determining its potentials to inhibit the flocculation as well as retaining the enzyme activity. It was observed that although both these processes conformed to the binding affinity of the gold-histone deacetylase 8 conjugate as being equal to 15-20 nM, only 30% of the nanoparticle-bound enzyme exhibited the enzymatic activity. In the light of the structural features of histone deacetylase 8, we propose that the enzyme interacts with the gold nanoparticles via the surface exposed thiol groups, and such interaction occurs in two alternative modes. Whereas the enzyme bound via mode-1 is catalytically inactive (presumably due to the orientation of the enzyme's active site toward the gold nanoparticle surface), and it prevents the flocculation of the nanoparticles, the enzyme bound via mode-2 shows the full catalytic activity (as its active site is believed to be oriented away from the nanoparticle surface). Although the histone deacetylase 8 bound to AuNP via mode-2 exhibits the same inhibitory potency against Trichostatin A as the free enzyme, the former is more susceptible to thermal denaturation. The potential of potent interaction between gold nanoparticles and histone deacetylase 8 via alternative modes may find diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications for different forms of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Sule
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
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90
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Cao L, Ye J, Tong L, Tang B. A New Route to the Considerable Enhancement of Glucose Oxidase (GOx) Activity: The Simple Assembly of a Complex from CdTe Quantum Dots and GOx, and Its Glucose Sensing. Chemistry 2008; 14:9633-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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