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Kim M, Jang H, Park JH. Balloon Flower Root-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: In Vitro Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory, Proliferative, and Antioxidant Effects for Chronic Wound Healing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1146. [PMID: 37371876 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in wound lesions can lead to oxidative stress and failure of normal wound healing processes, eventually resulting in chronic skin wounds. A multitude of researchers have investigated various natural products with physiological activities, including antioxidant effects, for healing chronic skin wounds. Balloon flower root (BFR), which contains bioactive components such as platycodins, is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, we isolated BFR-derived extracellular vesicles (BFR-EVs) that possess anti-inflammatory, proliferative, and antioxidant activities via a combination of polyethylene glycol-based precipitation and ultracentrifugation. Our objective was to investigate the potential of BFR-EVs in treating chronic wounds caused by ROS. Despite efficient intracellular delivery, BFR-EVs showed no significant cytotoxicity. In addition, BFR-EVs inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8 assay showed that BFR-EVs had a proliferation-promoting effect on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Scratch closure and transwell migration assays indicated that BFR-EVs could promote the migration of HDFs. When the antioxidant effect of BFR-EVs was evaluated through 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, the results revealed that BFR-EVs significantly suppressed ROS generation and oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and ultraviolet irradiation. Our findings suggest that BFR-EVs hold the potential as a natural candidate for healing chronic skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejun Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
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Ou X, Wang H, Tie H, Liao J, Luo Y, Huang W, Yu R, Song L, Zhu J. Novel plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles from Catharanthus roseus: preparation, characterization, and immunostimulatory effect via TNF-α/NF-κB/PU.1 axis. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:160. [PMID: 37210530 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-derived exosomes-like nanovesicles (PDENs) have been found to be advantageous in disease treatment and drug delivery, but research on their biogenesis, compositional analysis, and key marker proteins is still in its infancy, which limits the standardized production of PDENs. Efficient preparation of PDENs continues to be a major challenge. RESULTS Novel PDENs-based chemotherapeutic immune modulators, Catharanthus roseus (L.) Don leaves-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (CLDENs) were isolated from apoplastic fluid. CLDENs were membrane structured vesicles with a particle size of 75.51 ± 10.19 nm and a surface charge of -21.8 mV. CLDENs exhibited excellent stability, tolerating multiple enzymatic digestions, resisting extreme pH environments, and remaining stable in the gastrointestinal simulating fluid. Biodistribution experiments showed that CLDENs could be internalized by immune cells, and targeted at immune organs after intraperitoneal injection. The lipidomic analysis revealed CLDENs' special lipid composition, which contained 36.5% ether-phospholipids. Differential proteomics supported the origin of CLDENs in multivesicular bodies, and six marker proteins of CLDENs were identified for the first time. 60 ~ 240 μg/ml of CLDENs promoted the polarization and phagocytosis of macrophages as well as lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Administration of 20 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg of CLDENs alleviated white blood cell reduction and bone marrow cell cycle arrest in immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide. CLDENs strongly stimulated the secretion of TNF-α, activated NF-κB signal pathway and increased the expression of the hematopoietic function-related transcription factor PU.1 both in vitro and in vivo. To ensure a steady supply of CLDENs, plant cell culture systems of C. roseus were established to provide CLDENs-like nanovesicles which had similar physical properties and biological activities. Gram-level nanovesicles were successfully obtained from the culture medium, and the yield was three times as high as the original. CONCLUSIONS Our research supports the use of CLDENs as a nano-biomaterial with excellent stability and biocompatibility, and for post-chemotherapy immune adjuvant therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Ou
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Weihai Neoland Biosciences Co., Ltd, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Huilin Tie
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jiapei Liao
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Weijuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
- Weihai Neoland Biosciences Co., Ltd, Weihai, 264209, China.
| | - Liyan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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Alzahrani FA, Khan MI, Kameli N, Alsahafi E, Riza YM. Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Exciting Potential as the Future of Next-Generation Drug Delivery. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050839. [PMID: 37238708 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cells release tiny membranous vesicles called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are rich in lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and pharmacologically active compounds. These plant-derived EVs (PDEVs) are safe and easily extractable and have been shown to have therapeutic effects against inflammation, cancer, bacteria, and aging. They have shown promise in preventing or treating colitis, cancer, alcoholic liver disease, and even COVID-19. PDEVs can also be used as natural carriers for small-molecule drugs and nucleic acids through various administration routes such as oral, transdermal, or injection. The unique advantages of PDEVs make them highly competitive in clinical applications and preventive healthcare products in the future. This review covers the latest methods for isolating and characterizing PDEVs, their applications in disease prevention and treatment, and their potential as a new drug carrier, with special attention to their commercial viability and toxicological profile, as the future of nanomedicine therapeutics. This review champions the formation of a new task force specializing in PDEVs to address a global need for rigor and standardization in PDEV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal A Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, Embryonic Stem Cell Unit, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader Kameli
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 82621, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Alsahafi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm AlQura University, P.O. Box 715, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Mohamed Riza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, Embryonic Stem Cell Unit, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Raguraman R, Bhavsar D, Kim D, Ren X, Sikavitsas V, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Tumor-targeted exosomes for delivery of anticancer drugs. Cancer Lett 2023; 558:216093. [PMID: 36822543 PMCID: PMC10025995 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small phospholipid bilayer vesicles that are naturally produced by all living cells, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The exosomes due to their unique size, reduced immunogenicity, and their ability to mimic synthetic liposomes in carrying various anticancer drugs have been tested as drug delivery vehicles for cancer treatment. An added advantage of developing exosomes as a drug carrier is the ease of manipulating their intraluminal content and their surface modification to achieve tumor-targeted drug delivery. In the past ten-years, there has been an exponential increase in the number of exosome-related studies in cancer. Preclinical studies demonstrate exosomes-mediated delivery of chemotherapeutics, biologicals and natural products produce potent anticancer activity both, in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, the number of exosome-based clinical trials are few due to challenges in the manufacturing and scalability related to large-scale production of exosomes and their storage and stability. Herein, we discuss recent advances in exosome-based drug delivery for cancer treatment in preclinical and clinical studies and conclude with challenges to be overcome for translating a larger number of exosome-based therapies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Raguraman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Dhaval Bhavsar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Dongin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Vassilios Sikavitsas
- School of Chemical, Biological and Material Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA; OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Xu Z, Xu Y, Zhang K, Liu Y, Liang Q, Thakur A, Liu W, Yan Y. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) in nanomedicine for human disease and therapeutic modalities. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:114. [PMID: 36978093 PMCID: PMC10049910 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The past few years have witnessed a significant increase in research related to plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) in biological and medical applications. Using biochemical technologies, multiple independent groups have demonstrated the important roles of PDEVs as potential mediators involved in cell-cell communication and the exchange of bio-information between species. Recently, several contents have been well identified in PDEVs, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other active substances. These cargoes carried by PDEVs could be transferred into recipient cells and remarkably influence their biological behaviors associated with human diseases, such as cancers and inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the latest updates regarding PDEVs and focuses on its important role in nanomedicine applications, as well as the potential of PDEVs as drug delivery strategies to develop diagnostic and therapeutic agents for the clinical management of diseases, especially like cancers. CONCLUSION Considering its unique advantages, especially high stability, intrinsic bioactivity and easy absorption, further elaboration on molecular mechanisms and biological factors driving the function of PDEVs will provide new horizons for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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Orefice NS, Di Raimo R, Mizzoni D, Logozzi M, Fais S. Purposing plant-derived exosomes-like nanovesicles for drug delivery: patents and literature review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:89-100. [PMID: 36947052 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2195093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION How can biotechnology and organic agriculture be fused and promoted simultaneously to overcome the main challenges in drug delivery systems, improving the quality of the care provided, [1] patient outcomes, and [2] reducing the side effects of most of the current treatments? Unfortunately, the role of organic agriculture in future human health treatment still represents a binary organic-conventional question, a debate perpetuating an either/or mentality. However, extracellular exosomes-like nanoparticles define a new organic path that plants and vegetables can release. In this review, we concisely propose plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles and discuss their most important biological and pharmacological roles, representing a new tool for drug delivery. AREAS COVERED plant-derived exosomes-like nanovesicles; nature farming; green manufacturing practice; drug delivery; organic agriculture. EXPERT OPINION There is growing interest in the potential use of plant-derived exosomes-like nanovesicles for various diagnostic and therapeutic applications that should translate into a supplement to current nano-pharmaceuticals. Despite their clinical potential, the lack of sensitive preparatory and analytical technologies for plant-derived exosomes-like nanovesicles poses a barrier to clinical translation. An increasing number of articles are recently published on new analytical platforms to address these challenges in cross-comparison with conventional assay methods. This review also mentions two patents from ExoLab-Italia on plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles, respectively, on plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles' ability to naturally deliver a series of potentially therapeutic molecules and a novel approach to upload them with therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Salvatore Orefice
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rossella Di Raimo
- ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d'Abruzzo, Strada Statale 17 Loc. Boschetto di Pile, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Mizzoni
- ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d'Abruzzo, Strada Statale 17 Loc. Boschetto di Pile, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Huang X, Wang H, Wang C, Cao Z. The Applications and Potentials of Extracellular Vesicles from Different Cell Sources in Periodontal Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065790. [PMID: 36982864 PMCID: PMC10058679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease worldwide that can cause damage to periodontal supporting tissues including gingiva, bone, cementum and periodontal ligament (PDL). The principle for the treatment of periodontitis is to control the inflammatory process. Achieving structural and functional regeneration of periodontal tissues is also essential and remains a major challenge. Though many technologies, products, and ingredients were applied in periodontal regeneration, most of the strategies have limited outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous particles with a lipid structure secreted by cells, containing a large number of biomolecules for the communication between cells. Numerous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of stem cell-derived EVs (SCEVs) and immune cell-derived EVs (ICEVs) on periodontal regeneration, which may be an alternative strategy for cell-based periodontal regeneration. The production of EVs is highly conserved among humans, bacteria and plants. In addition to eukaryocyte-derived EVs (CEVs), a growing body of literature suggests that bacterial/plant-derived EVs (BEVs/PEVs) also play an important role in periodontal homeostasis and regeneration. The purpose of this review is to introduce and summarize the potential therapeutic values of BEVs, CEVs and PEVs in periodontal regeneration, and discuss the current challenges and prospects for EV-based periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Huiyi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Shekari F, Abyadeh M, Meyfour A, Mirzaei M, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Graham SL, Salekdeh GH. Extracellular Vesicles as reconfigurable therapeutics for eye diseases: Promises and hurdles. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 225:102437. [PMID: 36931589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
A large number of people worldwide suffer from visual impairment. However, most available therapies rely on impeding the development of a particular eye disorder. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for effective alternative treatments, specifically regenerative therapies. Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, ectosomes, or microvesicles, are released by cells and play a potential role in regeneration. Following an introduction to EV biogenesis and isolation methods, this integrative review provides an overview of our current knowledge about EVs as a communication paradigm in the eye. Then, we focused on the therapeutic applications of EVs derived from conditioned medium, biological fluid, or tissue and highlighted some recent developments in strategies to boost the innate therapeutic potential of EVs by loading various kinds of drugs or being engineered at the level of producing cells or EVs. Challenges faced in the development of safe and effective translation of EV-based therapy into clinical settings for eye diseases are also discussed to pave the road toward reaching feasible regenerative therapies required for eye-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Yi Q, Xu Z, Thakur A, Zhang K, Liang Q, Liu Y, Yan Y. Current understanding of plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles in regulating the inflammatory response and immune system microenvironment. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106733. [PMID: 36931541 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural compounds are widely used to prevent and treat various diseases due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. As a kind of promising natural compound, plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) are extracted from multivesicular bodies of various edible plants, including vegetables, foods, and fruits, and mainly regulate the cellular immune response to pathogen attacks. Moreover, PELNs could remarkably interfere with the dynamic imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, facilitating to maintain the homeostasis of cellular immune microenvironment. PELNs may serve as a better alternative to animal-derived exosomes (ADEs) owing to their widespread sources, cost-effectiveness, and easy accessibility. PELNs can mediate interspecies communication by transferring various cargoes such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids from plant cells to mammalian cells. This review summarizes the biogenesis, composition, and classification of exosomes; the common separation, purification, and characterization methods of PELNs, the potential advantages of PELNs over ADEs; and the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions of PELNs in various diseases including colitis, cancer, and inflammation-associated metabolic diseases. Additionally, the future perspectives of PELNs and the challenges associated with their clinical application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
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Niu G, Jian T, Gai Y, Chen J. Microbiota and plant-derived vesicles that serve as therapeutic agents and delivery carriers to regulate metabolic syndrome. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114774. [PMID: 36906231 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
The gut is a fundamental organ in controlling human health. Recently, researches showed that substances in the intestine can alter the course of many diseases through the intestinal epithelium, especially intestinal flora and exogenously ingested plant vesicles that can be transported over long distances to various organs. This article reviews the current knowledge on extracellular vesicles in modulating gut homeostasis, inflammatory response and numerous metabolic disease that share obesity as a co-morbidity. These complex systemic diseases that are difficult to cure, but can be managed by some bacterial and plant vesicles. Vesicles, due to their digestive stability and modifiable properties, have emerged as novel and targeted drug delivery vehicles for effective treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanting Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tunyu Jian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yanan Gai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Tinnirello V, Rabienezhad Ganji N, De Marcos Lousa C, Alessandro R, Raimondo S. Exploiting the Opportunity to Use Plant-Derived Nanoparticles as Delivery Vehicles. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1207. [PMID: 36986896 PMCID: PMC10053153 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The scientific community has become increasingly interested in plant-derived nanoparticles (PDNPs) over the past ten years. Given that they possess all the benefits of a drug carrier, including non-toxicity, low immunogenicity, and a lipid bilayer that protects its content, PDNPs are a viable model for the design of innovative delivery systems. In this review, a summary of the prerequisites for mammalian extracellular vesicles to serve as delivery vehicles will be given. After that, we will concentrate on providing a thorough overview of the studies investigating the interactions of plant-derived nanoparticles with mammalian systems as well as the loading strategies for encapsulating therapeutic molecules. Finally, the existing challenges in establishing PDNPs as reliable biological delivery systems will be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Tinnirello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nima Rabienezhad Ganji
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carine De Marcos Lousa
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Protein Biocargo and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Tomato Fruit-Derived Nanovesicles Separated by Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation and Loaded with Curcumin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020333. [PMID: 36839657 PMCID: PMC9961453 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) have become attractive alternatives to mammalian cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) both as therapeutic approaches and drug-delivery vehicles. In this study, we isolated tomato fruit-derived NVs and separated them by the iodixanol density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGUC) into twelve fractions. Three visible bands were observed at densities 1.064 ± 0.007 g/mL, 1.103 ± 0.006 g/mL and 1.122 ± 0.012 g/mL. Crude tomato PDNVs and DGUC fractions were characterized by particle size-distribution, concentration, lipid and protein contents as well as protein composition using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of the DGUC fractions associated to these bands were assessed in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human monocytic THP-1 cell culture. The middle and the low-density visible DGUC fractions of tomato PDNVs showed a significant reduction in LPS-induced inflammatory IL-1β cytokine mRNA production. Functional analysis of proteins identified in these fractions reveals the presence of 14-3-3 proteins, endoplasmic reticulum luminal binding proteins and GTP binding proteins associated to gene ontology (GO) term GO:0050794 and the regulation of several cellular processes including inflammation. The most abundant middle-density DGUC fraction was loaded with curcumin using direct loading, sonication and extrusion methods and anti-inflammatory activity was compared. The highest entrapment efficiency and drug loading capacity was obtained by direct loading. Curcumin loaded by sonication increased the basal anti-inflammatory activity of tomato PDNVs.
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63
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Sánchez-López CM, Manzaneque-López MC, Pérez-Bermúdez P, Soler C, Marcilla A. Characterization and bioactivity of extracellular vesicles isolated from pomegranate. Food Funct 2022; 13:12870-12882. [PMID: 36441623 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01806c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, extracellular vesicles from pomegranate juice (PgEVs) were isolated for the first time using size exclusion chromatography (SEC). This method permitted us to obtain highly enriched EV samples without most of the non-EV co-isolated proteins. The characterization of PgEVs through nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allowed the determination of vesicles' concentration/volume, size, and morphology. It was confirmed from the analytical data that PgEVs contain a homogeneous population of vesicles, with a dimension and structure comparable to plant-derived EVs. Proteomic analyses by LC-MS/MS led to the characterization of 131 proteins, and several of them were related commonly to the biogenesis and transport of EVs, and/or proposed as EV markers. PgEVs exerted anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and wound-healing effects when added to the in vitro cultures of monocytic (THP-1) and intestinal (Caco-2) cell lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Sánchez-López
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, 46100, Spain.,Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics UV-IIS La Fe, Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - Mari Cruz Manzaneque-López
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics UV-IIS La Fe, Valencia, 46012, Spain.,Food & Health Lab, Institut de Ciències dels Materials, Universitat de València, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain.
| | - Pedro Pérez-Bermúdez
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, 46100, Spain
| | - Carla Soler
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics UV-IIS La Fe, Valencia, 46012, Spain.,Food & Health Lab, Institut de Ciències dels Materials, Universitat de València, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain.
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, 46100, Spain.,Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics UV-IIS La Fe, Valencia, 46012, Spain
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64
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Lian MQ, Chng WH, Liang J, Yeo HQ, Lee CK, Belaid M, Tollemeto M, Wacker MG, Czarny B, Pastorin G. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles: Recent advancements and current challenges on their use for biomedical applications. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12283. [PMID: 36519808 PMCID: PMC9753580 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a diverse class of lipid bilayer membrane vesicles released by both animal and plant cells. These ubiquitous vesicles are involved in intercellular communication and transport of various biological cargos, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In recent years, interest in plant-derived EVs has increased tremendously, as they serve as a scalable and sustainable alternative to EVs derived from mammalian sources. In vitro and in vivo findings have demonstrated that these plant-derived vesicles (PDVs) possess intrinsic therapeutic activities that can potentially treat diseases and improve human health. In addition, PDVs can also act as efficient and biocompatible drug carriers. While preclinical studies have shown promising results, there are still several challenges and knowledge gaps that have to be addressed for the successful translation of PDVs into clinical applications, especially in view of the lack of standardised protocols for material handling and PDV isolation from various plant sources. This review provides the readers with a quick overview of the current understanding and research on PDVs, critically analysing the current challenges and highlighting the immense potential of PDVs as a novel class of therapeutics to treat human diseases. It is expected that this work will guide scientists to address the knowledge gaps currently associated with PDVs and promote new advances in plant-based therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Heng Chng
- Department of PharmacyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate SchoolNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jeremy Liang
- Department of ChemistryNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Hui Qing Yeo
- Department of PharmacyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Choon Keong Lee
- Department of PharmacyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Mona Belaid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Matteo Tollemeto
- Department of Health TechnologyTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | | | - Bertrand Czarny
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of PharmacyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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65
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Wu Z, Ma L, Lin P, Dai Z, Lu Z, Yan L, Zhou C, Qian ZJ, Hong P, Li C. Extracellular vesicles derived from Pinctada martensii mucus regulate skin inflammation via the NF-κB/NLRP3/MAPK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 634:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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66
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Edible Pueraria lobata-Derived Exosomes Promote M2 Macrophage Polarization. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238184. [PMID: 36500277 PMCID: PMC9735656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pueraria lobata (known as Gegen) is an edible and medicinal herb that is a nutritious medicine food homology plant in China. Previous studies indicated that P. lobata plays an essential role in controlling cytokines. However, the exact mechanism of the inflammation response is still unknown. In this study, we observed the uptake of P. lobata-derived exosomes (Exos) in isolated mouse macrophages. Our results show that P. lobata-derived Exos shift M1 macrophages toward the M2. These data present that P. lobata and puerarin might exert and enhance anti-inflammatory effects through the activation of exosomes and shifts in macrophage polarization, providing strong evidence for the application of P. lobata as novel an anti-inflammatory therapeutic biomaterial.
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67
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Viršilė A, Samuolienė G, Laužikė K, Šipailaitė E, Balion Z, Jekabsone A. Species-Specific Plant-Derived Nanoparticle Characteristics. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3139. [PMID: 36432868 PMCID: PMC9698261 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal and agricultural plants contain numerous phytochemical compounds with pronounced biological effects on human health. They are known to encapsulate most of their characteristic bioactive compounds within membranous elements of intercellular communication known as exosomes. These nanovesicles serve as capsules protecting their biological activity and improving their penetration into the tissue. Therefore, the application of plant exosome preparations holds considerable potential for cosmetics and pharmacy, but the quality and consistency of plant material for exosome isolation is of critical importance. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate yield, size distribution patterns, and antioxidant properties between nanovesicle preparations of the following portfolio of medicinal plants: Kalanchoe daigremontiana, Artemisia absinthium, Hypericum perforatum, Silybum marianum, Chelidonium majus, and Scutellaria baicalensis. Results showed that nanoparticle yield, size distribution, and antioxidant activities were specific to plant species. Compared to other plants, nanoparticle preparations from Artemisia absinthium were distinguished by remarkably higher yield and concentration, while the highest antioxidant activity of plant-derived nanoparticle preparations per weight and per particle was determined to occur in Chelidonium majus and Hypericum perforatum samples. Results showed no significant correlation in DPPH (2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) between plant material and nanoparticle preparations. More detailed biochemical analysis of exosome preparations is necessary to validate their biological activity and its relation to source plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akvilė Viršilė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kauno Str. 30, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania
| | - Giedrė Samuolienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kauno Str. 30, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Laužikė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kauno Str. 30, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania
| | - Emilija Šipailaitė
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Zbigniev Balion
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aistė Jekabsone
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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68
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Ly NP, Han HS, Kim M, Park JH, Choi KY. Plant-derived nanovesicles: Current understanding and applications for cancer therapy. Bioact Mater 2022; 22:365-383. [PMID: 36311046 PMCID: PMC9588993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived vesicles (PDVs) are membranous structures that originate from plant cells and are responsible for multiple physiological and pathological functions. In the last decade, PDVs have gained much attention for their involvement in different biological processes, including intercellular communication and defense response, and recent scientific evidence has opened a new avenue for their applications in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, much remains unknown about these vesicles, and current research remains inconsistent. This review aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to PDVs, from their biological characteristics to purification methods, and to summarize the status of their potential development for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Phung Ly
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Seung Han
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsuk Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author. School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Young Choi
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author. Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea.
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69
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Li Z, Xu X, Wang Y, Kong L, Han C. Carrier-free nanoplatforms from natural plants for enhanced bioactivity. J Adv Res 2022:S2090-1232(22)00215-6. [PMID: 36208834 PMCID: PMC10403678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural plants as well as traditional Chinese medicine have made outstanding contributions to the health and reproduction of human beings and remain the basis and major resource for drug innovation. Carrier-free nanoplatforms completely self-assembled by pure molecules or therapeutic components have attracted increasing attention due to their advantages of improved pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics, reduced toxicity, and high drug loading. In recent years, carrier-free nanoplatforms produced by self-assembly from natural plants have contributed to progress in a variety of therapeutic modalities. Notably, these nanoplatforms based on the interactions of components from different natural plants improve efficiency and depress toxicity. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, different types of self-assembled nanoplatforms are first summarized, mainly including nanoassemblies of pure small molecules isolated from different plants, extracellular vesicles separated from fresh plants, charcoal nanocomponents obtained from charred plants, and nanoaggregates from plants formulae decoctions. Key Scientific Concepts of Review: We mainly focus on composition, self-assembly mechanisms, biological activity and modes of action. Finally, a future perspective of existing challenges with respect to the clinical application of plant-based carrier-free nanoplatforms is discussed, which may be instructive to further develop effective carrier-free nanoplatforms from natural plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Xiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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70
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Isolation of Aloe saponaria-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Investigation of Their Potential for Chronic Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091905. [PMID: 36145653 PMCID: PMC9504946 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A chronic wound is caused by a failure to progress through the normal phases of wound repair in an orderly and timely manner. To induce skin regeneration while inhibiting chronic inflammation, numerous natural products, and in particular, plant-derived biomaterials, have been developed. Aloe saponaria, is known to contain flavonoid and phenolic acid compounds with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we isolated extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Aloe saponaria by polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based precipitation and investigated their potential as a therapeutic for chronic wound healing. The Aloe saponaria-derived EVs (AS-EVs) showed no significant cytotoxicity on several cell types, despite a high level of intracellular uptake. When lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with AS-EVs, significant reductions in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, such as interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β, were observed. Proliferation and migration of human dermal fibroblasts, as determined by the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8 and transwell migration assay, respectively, were shown to be promoted by treatment with AS-EVs. It was also demonstrated that AS-EVs enhanced tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, indicating a stimulatory activity on angiogenesis; one of the crucial steps for effective wound healing. Collectively, our results suggest the potential of AS-EVs as a natural therapeutic for chronic wound healing.
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71
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Plant-derived extracellular vesicles as oral drug delivery carriers. J Control Release 2022; 350:389-400. [PMID: 36037973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration is one of the most convenient and widely utilized methods of drug administration. However, many drugs were difficult to be administered orally due to their poor oral bioavailability. Designing a safe and effective oral drug delivery system is one of the basic strategies to overcome the poor oral bioavailability. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) were found in a variety of plants and have similar physical and chemical properties to mammalian EVs. It has been proved that PDEVs can effectively encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, remain stable in harsh gastrointestinal environments, and cross biological barriers to reach target tissues. Furthermore, the biological activity of PDEVs enables it to play a synergistic therapeutic role with drugs. In addition, the safety and high yield of PDEVs indicate their potential as oral drug carriers. In this review, we introduce the biogenesis, isolation, characterization and drug delivery methods of PDEVs, describe their stability, transport, delivery and therapeutic applications. Finally, the potential and challenges of PDEVs as drug carriers are discussed.
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72
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Chen T, Ma B, Lu S, Zeng L, Wang H, Shi W, Zhou L, Xia Y, Zhang X, Zhang J, Chen J. Cucumber-Derived Nanovesicles Containing Cucurbitacin B for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3583-3599. [PMID: 35974872 PMCID: PMC9376005 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s362244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In recent years, a variety of nanoparticles with excellent anticancer and delivery properties have emerged for cancer therapy. However, potential toxicity, high production cost and complex preparation procedures have been obstacles to their use in biomedicine. Here, we obtained cucumber-derived nanovesicles (CDNVs) at high yield and low cost by simple juicing and ultracentrifugation. The anticancer effects of CDNVs were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Methods Transmission electron microscope, nanoparticle tracking analysis and laser particle size analysis were used to characterize the morphology, diameter and zeta potential of CDNVs, respectively. The anticancer effects of CDNVs in vitro were evaluated by MTT and apoptosis assays. The mechanism was further explored by measuring the protein levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway, reactive oxygen species, cell cycle distribution and caspase activity. In-vivo anticancer efficacy was evaluated by measuring tumor volume and weight of mice in three different treatment groups (CDNVs, cucurbitacin B and PBS). Results CDNVs inhibited proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer cells by suppressing signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation, generating reactive oxygen species, promoting cell cycle arrest, and activating the caspase pathway. These CDNVs exhibited strong anticancer effects both in vitro and in vivo, and reduced the rate of tumor growth without obvious toxicity to mouse visceral organs. Compared with an equivalent dose of cucurbitacin B, CDNVs exerted stronger anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion These results demonstrate that CDNVs suppress tumor growth. This study addresses the development of cancer therapeutic drugs using plant-derived nanovesicles that are cost-efficient, simple to produce in high yields, and provide an alternative approach to drug isolation that may help advance sustainability of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Lupeng Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanhua Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Linying Zhou
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaokun Xia
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, People's Republic of China
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73
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Raimondo S, Urzì O, Meraviglia S, Di Simone M, Corsale AM, Rabienezhad Ganji N, Palumbo Piccionello A, Polito G, Lo Presti E, Dieli F, Conigliaro A, Alessandro R. Anti-inflammatory properties of lemon-derived extracellular vesicles are achieved through the inhibition of ERK/NF-κB signalling pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4195-4209. [PMID: 35789531 PMCID: PMC9344827 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with the occurrence of several diseases. However, the side effects of anti-inflammatory drugs prompt the identification of new therapeutic strategies. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are gaining increasing interest in the scientific community for their biological properties. We isolated PDEVs from the juice of Citrus limon L. (LEVs) and characterized their flavonoid, limonoid and lipid contents through reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). To investigate whether LEVs have a protective role on the inflammatory process, murine and primary human macrophages were pre-treated with LEVs for 24 h and then were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that pre-treatment with LEVs decreased gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL1-β and TNF-α, and reduced the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. The inhibition of NF-κB activation was associated with the reduction in ERK1-2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, the ability of LEVs to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase anti-inflammatory molecules was confirmed ex vivo in human primary T lymphocytes. In conclusion, we demonstrated that LEVs exert anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and ex vivo by inhibiting the ERK1-2/NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Raimondo
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica AvanzataUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Ornella Urzì
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica AvanzataUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica AvanzataUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR)AOUP Paolo GiacconePalermoItaly
| | - Marta Di Simone
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica AvanzataUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR)AOUP Paolo GiacconePalermoItaly
| | - Anna Maria Corsale
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica AvanzataUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR)AOUP Paolo GiacconePalermoItaly
| | - Nima Rabienezhad Ganji
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica AvanzataUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Giulia Polito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Elena Lo Presti
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB)National Research Council (CNR)PalermoItaly
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica AvanzataUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR)AOUP Paolo GiacconePalermoItaly
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica AvanzataUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica AvanzataUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB)National Research Council (CNR)PalermoItaly
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74
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Kang SJ, Kim SE, Seo MJ, Kim E, Rhee WJ. Suppression of inflammatory responses in macrophages by onion-derived extracellular vesicles. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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75
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Kim SQ, Kim KH. Emergence of Edible Plant-Derived Nanovesicles as Functional Food Components and Nanocarriers for Therapeutics Delivery: Potentials in Human Health and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142232. [PMID: 35883674 PMCID: PMC9319657 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a highly heterogeneous population of membranous particles that are secreted by almost all types of cells across different domains of life, including plants. In recent years, studies on plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) showed that they could modulate metabolic reactions of the recipient cells, affecting (patho)physiology with health benefits in a trans-kingdom manner. In addition to its bioactivity, PDNV has advantages over conventional nanocarriers, making its application promising for therapeutics delivery. Here, we discuss the characteristics of PDNV and highlight up-to-date pre-clinical and clinical evidence, focusing on therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Q. Kim
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-496-2330
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76
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Schlemmer T, Lischka R, Wegner L, Ehlers K, Biedenkopf D, Koch A. Extracellular vesicles isolated from dsRNA-sprayed barley plants exhibit no growth inhibition or gene silencing in Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2022; 9:14. [PMID: 35836276 PMCID: PMC9284790 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-022-00143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous reports have shown that incorporating a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-expressing transgene into plants or applying dsRNA by spraying it onto their leaves successfully protects them against invading pathogens exploiting the mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi). How dsRNAs or siRNAs are transferred between donor host cells and recipient fungal cells is largely unknown. It is speculated that plant extracellular vesicles (EVs) function as RNA shuttles between plants and their pathogens. Recently, we found that EVs isolated from host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) or spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) plants contained dsRNA-derived siRNAs. In this study, we evaluated whether isolated EVs from dsRNA-sprayed barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants affected the growth of the phytopathogenic ascomycete Fusarium graminearum. Encouraged by our previous finding that dropping barley-derived EVs on F. graminearum cultures caused fungal stress phenotypes, we conducted an in vitro growth experiment in microtiter plates where we co-cultivated F. graminearum with plant EVs isolated from dsRNA-sprayed barley leaves. We observed that co-cultivation of F. graminearum macroconidia with barley EVs did not affect fungal growth. Furthermore, plant EVs containing SIGS-derived siRNA appeared not to affect F. graminearum growth and showed no gene silencing activity on F. graminearum CYP51 genes. Based on our findings, we concluded that either the amount of SIGS-derived siRNA was insufficient to induce target gene silencing in F. graminearum, indicating that the role of EVs in SIGS is minor, or that F. graminearum uptake of plant EVs from liquid cultures was inefficient or impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Schlemmer
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Strasse 5, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Richard Lischka
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Linus Wegner
- Intitute of Botany, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, 35292, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin Ehlers
- Intitute of Botany, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, 35292, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Biedenkopf
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Aline Koch
- Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Strasse 5, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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77
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Isolation and Characterization of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles from Healthy Donors and Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137134. [PMID: 35806139 PMCID: PMC9266865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among men in developed countries. The five-year survival rate for men diagnosed with early-stage PCa is approximately 100%, while it is less than 30% for castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Currently, the detection of prostate-specific antigens as biomarkers for the prognosis of CRPC is criticized because of its low accuracy, high invasiveness, and high false-positive rate. Therefore, it is important to identify new biomarkers for prediction of CRPC progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from tumors have been highlighted as potential markers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Specifically, urinary EVs directly reflect changes in the pathophysiological conditions of the urogenital system because it is exposed to prostatic secretions. Thus, detecting biomarkers in urinary EVs provides a promising approach for performing an accurate and non-invasive liquid biopsy for CPRC. In this study, we effectively isolated urinary EVs with low protein impurities using size-exclusion chromatography combined with ultrafiltration. After EV isolation and characterization, we evaluated the miRNAs in urinary EVs from healthy donors and patients with CRPC. The results indicated that miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-574-3p, and miR-6880-5p) could be used as potential biomarkers for the prognosis of CRPC. This analysis of urinary EVs contributes to the fast and convenient prognosis of diseases, including CRPC, in the clinical setting.
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78
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Focusing on Future Applications and Current Challenges of Plant Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060708. [PMID: 35745626 PMCID: PMC9229679 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membranous vesicles released by plant cells, which contain lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and specific pharmacologically active substances. They are safe, widely available and expediently extractive. They have gratifyingly biological activity against inflammation, cancer, bacteria and oxidative aging, especially for the prevention or treatment of colitis, cancer, alcoholic liver, and COVID-19. In addition, as natural drug carriers, plant derived EVs have the potential to target the delivery of small molecule drugs and nucleic acid through oral, transdermal, injection. With the above advantages, plant derived EVs are expected to have excellent strong competitiveness in clinical application or preventive health care products in the future. We comprehensively reviewed the latest separation methods and physical characterization techniques of plant derived EVs, summarized the application of them in disease prevention or treatment and as a new drug carrier, and analyzed the clinical application prospect of plant derived EVs as a new drug carrier in the future. Finally, the problems hindering the development of plant derived EVs at present and consideration of the standardized application of them are discussed.
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79
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Kim K, Park J, Sohn Y, Oh CE, Park JH, Yuk JM, Yeon JH. Stability of Plant Leaf-Derived Extracellular Vesicles According to Preservative and Storage Temperature. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:457. [PMID: 35214189 PMCID: PMC8879201 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are capable of efficiency delivering mRNAs, miRNAs, bioactive lipids, and proteins to mammalian cells. Plant-derived EVs critically contribute to the ability of plants to defend against pathogen attacks at the plant cell surface. They also represent a novel candidate natural substance that shows potential to be developed for food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products. However, although plant-derived EVs are acknowledged as having potential for various industrial applications, little is known about how their stability is affected by storage conditions. In this study, we evaluated the stability of Dendropanax morbifera leaf-derived extracellular vesicles (LEVs) alone or combined with the preservatives, 1,3-butylene glycol (to yield LEVs-1,3-BG) or TMO (LEVs-TMO). We stored these formulations at -20, 4, 25, and 45 °C for up to 4 weeks, and compared the stability of fresh and stored LEVs. We also assessed the effect of freeze-thawing cycles on the quantity and morphology of the LEVs. We found that different storage temperatures and number of freeze-thawing cycles altered the stability, size distribution, protein content, surface charge, and cellular uptake of LEVs compared to those of freshly isolated LEVs. LEVs-TMO showed higher stability when stored at 4 °C, compared to LEVs and LEVs-1,3-BG. Our study provides comprehensive information on how storage conditions affect LEVs and suggests that the potential industrial applications of plant-derived EVs may be broadened by the use of preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimin Kim
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Korea; (K.K.); (Y.S.); (C.-E.O.)
| | - Jungjae Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.P.); (J.-M.Y.)
| | - Yehjoo Sohn
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Korea; (K.K.); (Y.S.); (C.-E.O.)
| | - Chan-Eui Oh
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Korea; (K.K.); (Y.S.); (C.-E.O.)
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Jong-Min Yuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.P.); (J.-M.Y.)
| | - Ju-Hun Yeon
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Korea; (K.K.); (Y.S.); (C.-E.O.)
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80
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Kim J, Lee YH, Wang J, Kim YK, Kwon IK. Isolation and characterization of ginseng-derived exosome-like nanoparticles with sucrose cushioning followed by ultracentrifugation. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-04943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGinseng is a traditional medicine that has been used for millennia. Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) has multiple pharmacological properties. To determine the efficacy of ginseng-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (GDEs), GDEs should be isolated and characterized. GDEs from P. ginseng were isolated via sequential centrifugation using 68 and 27% of sucrose cushioning followed by ultracentrifugation. The size distribution, zeta potential, and morphology of GDEs were evaluated using DLS, NTA, and TEM. GDEs were quantified by measuring the total RNA and protein concentration. The stability of the freeze-dried GDEs was evaluated for 90 days. Uniform and reproducible GDEs were successfully isolated with high yield and purity. GDEs were found to be spherical with an average diameter of 105.8 nm and a negative surface charge of − 20.7 mV. Substantial amounts of nanoparticles of GDEs were counted using NTA, with a concentration of 2.05 × 1013 particles/mL. According to the evaluation of their protein and total RNA concentration, the freeze-dried GDEs were stable for up to 60 days at room temperature. The results suggest the utility of a brief isolation protocol using sucrose double fractionation, which can be used for the mass production of plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles. In addition, the stability of GDEs was maintained even after freeze-drying and storage for 60 days. This method has potential for application in the research for plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles, where cost-effective exosome isolation with high yield and purity is an important step.
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81
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Inter-kingdom regulation of human transcriptome by dietary microRNAs: Emerging bioactives from edible plants to treat human diseases? Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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82
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Li Y, Xiao Q, Tang J, Xiong L, Li L. Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Therapeutics in Cutaneous Lesions. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6183-6202. [PMID: 34522095 PMCID: PMC8434831 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s322356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as nanoscale membranous vesicles containing DNAs, RNAs, lipids and proteins, have emerged as promising diagnostic and therapeutic agents for skin diseases. Here, we summarize the basic physiology of the skin and the biological characteristic of EVs. Further, we describe the applications of EVs in the treatment of dermatological conditions such as skin infection, inflammatory skin diseases, skin repair and rejuvenation and skin cancer. In particular, plant-derived EVs and clinical trials are discussed. In addition, challenges and perspectives related to the preclinical and clinical applications of EVs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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83
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Antioxidative Effects of Carrot-Derived Nanovesicles in Cardiomyoblast and Neuroblastoma Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081203. [PMID: 34452164 PMCID: PMC8400689 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in many diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Because an increased level of oxidative stress causes apoptosis, it is necessary to inhibit cellular responses to oxidative stress. In this study, Carex, a nanovesicle from carrot, was isolated and investigated as a novel biomaterial with antioxidative function in cardiomyoblasts and neuroblastoma cells. A high concentration of nanovesicles was purified from carrots, using size-exclusion chromatography in combination with ultrafiltration. The characterization of Carex demonstrated that it had properties similar to those of extracellular vesicles. Carex showed low cytotoxicity in both H9C2 cardiomyoblasts and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, when a high level of Carex was delivered to the cells. Carex was further investigated for its antioxidative and apoptotic effects, and it significantly inhibited ROS generation and apoptosis in vitro in myocardial infarction and Parkinson’s disease models. Carex inhibited the reduction of antioxidative molecule expression, including Nrf-2, HO-1, and NQO-1, in both models. Considering its antioxidative function and high production yield, Carex is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of myocardial infarction as well as Parkinson’s disease. Thus, the results demonstrated in this study will contribute to an exploration of a novel drug, using nanovesicles from plants, including carrots.
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