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Mi HY, Jing X, Salick MR, Peng XF, Turng LS. A novel thermoplastic polyurethane scaffold fabrication method based on injection foaming with water and supercritical carbon dioxide as coblowing agents. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yang Mi
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53715
| | - Xin Jing
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53715
| | - Max R. Salick
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53715
- Department of Engineering Physics; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
| | - Xiang-Fang Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53715
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Nelson CE, Kim AJ, Adolph EJ, Gupta MK, Yu F, Hocking KM, Davidson JM, Guelcher SA, Duvall CL. Tunable delivery of siRNA from a biodegradable scaffold to promote angiogenesis in vivo. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:607-14, 506. [PMID: 24338842 PMCID: PMC3951880 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A system has been engineered for temporally controlled delivery of siRNA from biodegradable tissue regenerative scaffolds. Therapeutic application of this approach to silence prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 promoted expression of pro-angiogenic genes controlled by HIF1α and enhanced scaffold vascularization in vivo. This technology provides a new standard for efficient and controllable gene silencing to modulate host response within regenerative biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Nelson
- Biomedical Engineering – Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Arnold J. Kim
- Biomedical Engineering – Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Elizabeth J. Adolph
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering – Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Mukesh K. Gupta
- Biomedical Engineering – Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Pathology – Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Kyle M. Hocking
- Biomedical Engineering – Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville TN 37235
| | | | - Scott A. Guelcher
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering – Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Biomedical Engineering – Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville TN 37235
- Prof. C.L. Duvall, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA,
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Fernandes EM, Pires RA, Mano JF, Reis RL. Bionanocomposites from lignocellulosic resources: Properties, applications and future trends for their use in the biomedical field. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sanchez CJ, Prieto EM, Krueger CA, Zienkiewicz KJ, Romano DR, Ward CL, Akers KS, Guelcher SA, Wenke JC. Effects of local delivery of D-amino acids from biofilm-dispersive scaffolds on infection in contaminated rat segmental defects. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7533-43. [PMID: 23831189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Infectious complications of open fractures continue to be a significant factor contributing to non-osseous union and extremity amputation. The persistence of bacteria within biofilms despite meticulous debridement and antibiotic therapy is believed to be a major cause of chronic infection. Considering the difficulties in treating biofilm-associated infections, the use of biofilm dispersal agents as a therapeutic strategy for the prevention of biofilm-associated infections has gained considerable interest. In this study, we investigated whether local delivery of D-Amino Acids (D-AAs), a biofilm dispersal agent, protects scaffolds from contamination and reduces microbial burden within contaminated rat segmental defects in vivo. In vitro testing on biofilms of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated that D-Met, D-Phe, D-Pro, and D-Trp were highly effective at dispersing and preventing biofilm formation individually, and the effect was enhanced for an equimolar mixture of D-AAs. Incorporation of D-AAs into polyurethane scaffolds as a mixture (1:1:1 D-Met:D-Pro:D-Trp) significantly reduced bacterial contamination on the scaffold surface in vitro and within bone when implanted into contaminated femoral segmental defects. Our results underscore the potential of local delivery of d-AAs for reducing bacterial contamination by targeting bacteria within biofilms, which may represent a treatment strategy for improving healing outcomes associated with open fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Sanchez
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Task Area, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Fabiilli ML, Wilson CG, Padilla F, Martín-Saavedra FM, Fowlkes JB, Franceschi RT. Acoustic droplet-hydrogel composites for spatial and temporal control of growth factor delivery and scaffold stiffness. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7399-409. [PMID: 23535233 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is regulated by temporally and spatially restricted patterns of growth factor signaling, but there are few delivery vehicles capable of the "on-demand" release necessary for recapitulating these patterns. Recently we described a perfluorocarbon double emulsion that selectively releases a protein payload upon exposure to ultrasound through a process known as acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV). In this study, we describe a delivery system composed of fibrin hydrogels doped with growth factor-loaded double emulsion for applications in tissue regeneration. Release of immunoreactive basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) from the composites increased up to 5-fold following ADV and delayed release was achieved by delaying exposure to ultrasound. Releasates of ultrasound-treated materials significantly increased the proliferation of endothelial cells compared to sham controls, indicating that the released bFGF was bioactive. ADV also triggered changes in the ultrastructure and mechanical properties of the fibrin as bubble formation and consolidation of the fibrin in ultrasound-treated composites were accompanied by up to a 22-fold increase in shear stiffness. ADV did not reduce the viability of cells suspended in composite scaffolds. These results demonstrate that an acoustic droplet-hydrogel composite could have broad utility in promoting wound healing through on-demand control of growth factor release and/or scaffold architecture.
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Rodríguez-Évora M, Delgado A, Reyes R, Hernández-Daranas A, Soriano I, San Román J, Evora C. Osteogenic effect of local, long versus short term BMP-2 delivery from a novel SPU-PLGA-βTCP concentric system in a critical size defect in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:873-84. [PMID: 23797057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A concentric delivery system, composed of the three biomaterials SPU, PLGA, and βTCP (segmented polyurethane, poly[lactic-co-glycolic acid], and β-tricalcium phosphate) was fabricated as an external, porous ring of βTCP with a pasty core of a new SPU, mixed with PLGA microspheres. The regenerative effects of two distinct doses of either immediately available or continuously released rhBMP-2 were evaluated in an 8mm, critical calvaria defect in rats. Protein dose and release kinetics affected material resorption rates and the progression of the regeneration process. Groups treated with the empty system alone or in conjunction with free rhBMP-2 did not respond. By contrast, after 12 weeks, approximately 20% and 60% of the defects implanted with systems loaded with 1.6 μg and 6.5 μg rhBMP-2, respectively were healed, with all the growth factor being released in the course of 6 weeks. The NMR, FTIR, GPC, DSC, and histological analyses showed that PLGA microsphere degradation occurred independently of the regenerative process. However, the resorption rate of the SPU and βTCP did depend on the regeneration process, which was governed by dose and release rate of rhBMP-2. Furthermore, the biocompatibility and high capacity of adaptation to the defect convert the herein proposed, new SPU polymer into a potential material for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rodríguez-Évora
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
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Cherng JY, Hou TY, Shih MF, Talsma H, Hennink WE. Polyurethane-based drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2013; 450:145-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Mittermayr R, Branski L, Moritz M, Jeschke MG, Herndon DN, Traber D, Schense J, Gampfer J, Goppelt A, Redl H. Fibrin biomatrix-conjugated platelet-derived growth factor AB accelerates wound healing in severe thermal injury. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E275-85. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Mittermayr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
| | - Ludwik Branski
- Shriner's Hospital for Children; University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston TX USA
| | - Martina Moritz
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
| | - Marc G. Jeschke
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery; University of Toronto; Canada
| | - David N. Herndon
- Shriner's Hospital for Children; University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston TX USA
| | - Daniel Traber
- Shriner's Hospital for Children; University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston TX USA
| | | | - Jörg Gampfer
- Baxter Innovations GmbH, Division of Biosurgery; Vienna Austria
| | - Andreas Goppelt
- Baxter Innovations GmbH, Division of Biosurgery; Vienna Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
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Nelson CE, Gupta MK, Adolph EJ, Guelcher SA, Duvall CL. siRNA Delivery from an Injectable Scaffold for Wound Therapy. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2013; 2:93-99. [PMID: 24527332 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2011.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Aberrant overexpression of proinflammatory molecules is believed to be a key mediator in the formation of chronic skin wounds, and the inhibition of these signals may be an effective therapeutic strategy to promote healing. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can provide gene-specific silencing and may present a safe and effective route for knockdown of inflammatory or other target proteins in chronic skin wounds. CRITICAL ISSUES siRNA suffers from delivery barriers in vivo such as susceptibility to degradation, membrane impermeability, and transient activity. Therefore, a delivery strategy that stabilizes siRNA, provides intracellular (cytoplasmic) delivery, and produces temporally sustained activity is needed. The novel approach described combines pH-responsive, siRNA-loaded nanoparticles into a biodegradable polyurethane (PUR) scaffold and presents a promising platform for effective, local silencing of deleterious genes in nonhealing skin wounds. RECENT ADVANCES The siRNA delivery barriers have been overcome using a nanoparticulate carrier that protects siRNA and responds to pH gradients in the endo-lysosomal pathway to mediate cytosolic delivery. Nanoparticle incorporation into a biodegradable PUR scaffold provides a means for controlling the delivery kinetics of siRNA-loaded carriers. Furthermore, the PUR is injectable, making it feasible for clinical use, and provides a porous tissue template for cell in-growth during tissue regeneration and remodeling. This local siRNA delivery platform can be tuned to optimize release kinetics for specific pathologies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS siRNA may provide a new class of biologic drugs that will outperform growth factor approaches, which have shown only moderate clinical success. The new platform presented here may provide clinicians with an improved option for wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mukesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth J. Adolph
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Scott A. Guelcher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODEGRADABLES POLYURETHANE CONTAINING LIGHT SENSITIVE SIDE GROUPS. ACTA POLYM SIN 2013. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2013.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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61
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62
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Pereira MJN, Ouyang B, Sundback CA, Lang N, Friehs I, Mureli S, Pomerantseva I, McFadden J, Mochel MC, Mwizerwa O, del Nido P, Sarkar D, Masiakos PT, Langer R, Ferreira LS, Karp JM. A highly tunable biocompatible and multifunctional biodegradable elastomer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:1209-15. [PMID: 23239051 PMCID: PMC3905612 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201203824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Nunes Pereira
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Biocant- Biotechnology Innovation Center, CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ben Ouyang
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Cathryn A. Sundback
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nora Lang
- Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Av., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ingeborg Friehs
- Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Av., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shwetha Mureli
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Irina Pomerantseva
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jacob McFadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mark C. Mochel
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Olive Mwizerwa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Pedro del Nido
- Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Av., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Debanjan Sarkar
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Peter T. Masiakos
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lino S. Ferreira
- Biocant- Biotechnology Innovation Center, CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jeffrey M. Karp
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Matsiko A, Levingstone TJ, O'Brien FJ. Advanced Strategies for Articular Cartilage Defect Repair. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 6:637-668. [PMID: 28809332 PMCID: PMC5452095 DOI: 10.3390/ma6020637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a unique tissue owing to its ability to withstand repetitive compressive stress throughout an individual's lifetime. However, its major limitation is the inability to heal even the most minor injuries. There still remains an inherent lack of strategies that stimulate hyaline-like articular cartilage growth with appropriate functional properties. Recent scientific advances in tissue engineering have made significant steps towards development of constructs for articular cartilage repair. In particular, research has shown the potential of biomaterial physico-chemical properties significantly influencing the proliferation, differentiation and matrix deposition by progenitor cells. Accordingly, this highlights the potential of using such properties to direct the lineage towards which such cells follow. Moreover, the use of soluble growth factors to enhance the bioactivity and regenerative capacity of biomaterials has recently been adopted by researchers in the field of tissue engineering. In addition, gene therapy is a growing area that has found noteworthy use in tissue engineering partly due to the potential to overcome some drawbacks associated with current growth factor delivery systems. In this context, such advanced strategies in biomaterial science, cell-based and growth factor-based therapies that have been employed in the restoration and repair of damaged articular cartilage will be the focus of this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Matsiko
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Tanya J Levingstone
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Robin MP, Wilson P, Mabire AB, Kiviaho JK, Raymond JE, Haddleton DM, O’Reilly RK. Conjugation-Induced Fluorescent Labeling of Proteins and Polymers Using Dithiomaleimides. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:2875-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3105494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P. Robin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Paul Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Anne B. Mabire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Jenny K. Kiviaho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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González-Paz RJ, Lligadas G, Ronda JC, Galià M, Ferreira AM, Boccafoschi F, Ciardelli G, Cádiz V. Study on the interaction between gelatin and polyurethanes derived from fatty acids. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:1036-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Growth factors are soluble secreted proteins capable of affecting a variety of cellular processes important for tissue regeneration. Consequently, the self-healing capacity of patients can be augmented by artificially enhancing one or more processes important for healing through the application of growth factors. However, their application in clinics remains limited due to lack of robust delivery systems and biomaterial carriers. Interestingly, all clinically approved therapies involving growth factors utilize some sort of a biomaterial carrier for growth factor delivery. This suggests that biomaterial delivery systems are extremely important for successful usage of growth factors in regenerative medicine. This review outlines the role of growth factors in tissue regeneration, and their application in both pre-clinical animal models of regeneration and clinical trials is discussed. Additionally, current status of biomaterial substrates and sophisticated delivery systems such as nanoparticles for delivery of exogenous growth factors and peptides in humans are reviewed. Finally, issues and possible future research directions for growth factor therapy in regenerative medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Koria
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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67
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Losi P, Briganti E, Costa M, Sanguinetti E, Soldani G. Silicone-coated non-woven polyester dressing enhances reepithelialisation in a sheep model of dermal wounds. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:2235-2243. [PMID: 22692367 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) also known as V.A.C. (Vacuum-assisted closure), is widely used to manage various type of wounds and accelerate healing. NPWT has so far been delivered mainly via open-cell polyurethane (PU) foam or medical gauze. In this study an experimental setup of sheep wound model was used to evaluate, under NPWT conditions, the performance of a silicone-coated non-woven polyester (N-WPE) compared with PU foam and cotton hydrophilic gauze, used as reference materials. Animals were anesthetized with spontaneous breathing to create three 3 × 3 cm skin defects bilaterally; each animal received three different samples on each side (n = 6 in each experimental group) and was subjected to negative and continuous 125 mmHg pressure up to 16 days. Wound conditions after 1, 8 and 16 days of treatment with the wound dressings were evaluated based on gross and histological appearances. Skin defects treated with the silicone-coated N-WPE showed a significant decrease in wound size, an increase of re-epithelialization, collagen deposition and wound neovascularisation, and a minimal stickiness to the wound tissue, in comparison with gauze and PU foam. Taken all together these findings indicate that the silicone-coated N-WPE dressing enhances wound healing since stimulates higher granulation tissue formation and causes minor tissue trauma during dressing changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Losi
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology (CNR), via Aurelia Sud, 54100, Massa, Italy
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68
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Abstract
Biointegration refers to the interconnection between a biomedical device and the recipient tissue. In many implant devices, the lack of proper biointegration can cause device failure and potentially serious medical problems. This review summarizes the recent progress in surface chemistry, drug delivery and antifouling methods to improve the biointegration of implants. Much progress has been made as our understanding of biological systems and material properties expands and as new technologies become available. This article addresses methods of enhancing biointegration by means of modifying implant surface chemistry and by drug-delivery approaches.
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69
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Li L, Cheng C, Xiang T, Tang M, Zhao W, Sun S, Zhao C. Modification of polyethersulfone hemodialysis membrane by blending citric acid grafted polyurethane and its anticoagulant activity. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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70
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Yoshii T, Hafeman AE, Esparza JM, Okawa A, Gutierrez G, Guelcher SA. Local injection of lovastatin in biodegradable polyurethane scaffolds enhances bone regeneration in a critical-sized segmental defect in rat femora. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 8:589-95. [PMID: 22718577 DOI: 10.1002/term.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Statins, a class of naturally-occurring compounds that inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, are known to increase endogenous bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression. Local administration of statins has been shown to stimulate fracture repair in in vivo animal experiments. However, the ability of statins to heal more challenging critical-sized defects at the mid-diaphyseal region in long bones has not been investigated. In this study, we examined the potential of injectable lovastatin microparticles combined with biodegradable polyurethane (PUR) scaffolds in preclinical animal models: metaphyseal small plug defects and diaphyseal segmental bone defects in rat femora. Sustained release of lovastatin from the lovastatin microparticles was achieved over 14 days. The released lovastatin was bioactive, as evidenced by its ability to stimulate BMP-2 gene expression in osteoblastic cells. Micro-computed tomography (CT) and histological examinations showed that lovastatin microparticles, injected into PUR scaffolds implanted in femoral plug defects, enhanced new bone formation. Furthermore, bi-weekly multiple injections of lovastatin microparticles into PUR scaffolds implanted in critical-sized femoral segmental defects resulted in increased new bone formation compared to the vehicle control. In addition, bridging of the defect with newly formed bone was observed in four of nine defects in the lovastatin microparticle treatment group, whereas none of the defects in the vehicle group showed bridging. These observations suggest that local delivery of lovastatin combined with PUR scaffold can be an effective approach for treatment of orthopaedic bone defects and that multiple injections of lovastatin may be useful for large defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Yoshii
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, TN Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Kim S, Kang Y, Krueger CA, Sen M, Holcomb JB, Chen D, Wenke JC, Yang Y. Sequential delivery of BMP-2 and IGF-1 using a chitosan gel with gelatin microspheres enhances early osteoblastic differentiation. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1768-77. [PMID: 22293583 PMCID: PMC3314097 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize a chitosan gel/gelatin microsphere (MSs) dual delivery system for sequential release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to enhance osteoblast differentiation in vitro. We made and characterized the delivery system based on its degree of cross-linking, degradation, and release kinetics. We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of the delivery system and the effect of growth factors on cell response using pre-osteoblast W-20-17 mouse bone marrow stromal cells. IGF-1 was first loaded into MSs, and then the IGF-1-containing MSs were encapsulated into the chitosan gel which contained BMP-2. Cross-linking of gelatin with glyoxal via Schiff bases significantly increased thermal stability and decreased the solubility of the MSs, leading to a significant decrease in the initial release of IGF-1. Encapsulation of the MSs into the chitosan gel generated polyelectrolyte complexes by intermolecular interactions, which further affected the release kinetics of IGF-1. This combinational delivery system provided an initial release of BMP-2 followed by a slow and sustained release of IGF-1. Significantly greater alkaline phosphatase activity was found in W-20-17 cells treated with the sequential delivery system compared with other treatments (P<0.05) after a week of culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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72
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73
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Adolph EJ, Hafeman AE, Davidson JM, Nanney LB, Guelcher SA. Injectable polyurethane composite scaffolds delay wound contraction and support cellular infiltration and remodeling in rat excisional wounds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 100:450-61. [PMID: 22105887 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Injectable scaffolds present compelling opportunities for wound repair and regeneration because of their ability to fill irregularly shaped defects and deliver biologics such as growth factors. In this study, we investigated the properties of injectable polyurethane (PUR) biocomposite scaffolds and their application in cutaneous wound repair using a rat excisional model. The scaffolds have a minimal reaction exotherm and clinically relevant working and setting times. Moreover, the biocomposites have mechanical and thermal properties consistent with rubbery elastomers. In the rat excisional wound model, injection of settable biocomposite scaffolds stented the wounds at early time points, resulting in a regenerative rather than a scarring phenotype at later time points. Measurements of wound length and thickness revealed that the treated wounds were less contracted at day 7 compared to blank wounds. Analysis of cell proliferation and apoptosis showed that the scaffolds were biocompatible and supported tissue ingrowth. Myofibroblast formation and collagen fiber organization provided evidence that the scaffolds have a positive effect on extracellular matrix remodeling by disrupting the formation of an aligned matrix under elevated tension. In summary, we have developed an injectable biodegradable PUR biocomposite scaffold that enhances cutaneous wound healing in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Adolph
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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74
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Nelson CE, Gupta MK, Adolph EJ, Shannon JM, Guelcher SA, Duvall CL. Sustained local delivery of siRNA from an injectable scaffold. Biomaterials 2011; 33:1154-61. [PMID: 22061489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Controlled gene silencing technologies have significant, unrealized potential for use in tissue regeneration applications. The design described herein provides a means to package and protect siRNA within pH-responsive, endosomolytic micellar nanoparticles (si-NPs) that can be incorporated into nontoxic, biodegradable, and injectable polyurethane (PUR) tissue scaffolds. The si-NPs were homogeneously incorporated throughout the porous PUR scaffolds, and they were shown to be released via a diffusion-based mechanism for over three weeks. The siRNA-loaded micelles were larger but retained nanoparticulate morphology of approximately 100 nm diameter following incorporation into and release from the scaffolds. PUR scaffold releasate collected in vitro in PBS at 37 °C for 1-4 days was able to achieve dose-dependent siRNA-mediated silencing with approximately 50% silencing achieved of the model gene GAPDH in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts. This promising platform technology provides both a research tool capable of probing the effects of local gene silencing and a potentially high-impact therapeutic approach for sustained, local silencing of deleterious genes within tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Nelson
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1631, USA
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75
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Brown KV, Li B, Guda T, Perrien DS, Guelcher SA, Wenke JC. Improving Bone Formation in a Rat Femur Segmental Defect by Controlling Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Release. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:1735-46. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kate V. Brown
- Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Teja Guda
- Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, Texas
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Daniel S. Perrien
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation and Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Scott A. Guelcher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joseph C. Wenke
- Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, Texas
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76
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Franz S, Rammelt S, Scharnweber D, Simon JC. Immune responses to implants - a review of the implications for the design of immunomodulatory biomaterials. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6692-709. [PMID: 21715002 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 900] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A key for long-term survival and function of biomaterials is that they do not elicit a detrimental immune response. As biomaterials can have profound impacts on the host immune response the concept emerged to design biomaterials that are able to trigger desired immunological outcomes and thus support the healing process. However, engineering such biomaterials requires an in-depth understanding of the host inflammatory and wound healing response to implanted materials. One focus of this review is to outline the up-to-date knowledge on immune responses to biomaterials. Understanding the complex interactions of host response and material implants reveals the need for and also the potential of "immunomodulating" biomaterials. Based on this knowledge, we discuss strategies of triggering appropriate immune responses by functional biomaterials and highlight recent approaches of biomaterials that mimic the physiological extracellular matrix and modify cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Franz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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77
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Henderson PW, Singh SP, Krijgh DD, Yamamoto M, Rafii DC, Sung JJ, Rafii S, Rabbany SY, Spector JA. Stromal-derived factor-1 delivered via hydrogel drug-delivery vehicle accelerates wound healing in vivo. Wound Repair Regen 2011; 19:420-5. [PMID: 21518091 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2011.00687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Topical treatment of superficial wounds has many advantages including decreased cost and increased ease of application compared with systemic treatments. Many of the advantages, however, are lost when it is necessary for repeated doses of topical medications to be given over an extended period of time. Therefore, a drug-delivery vehicle that delivers biologically appropriate doses in a sustained fashion would prove valuable. In this study, an alginate hydrogel scaffold impregnated with the angiogenic chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 was used to provide targeted, though short-term, delivery directly into the wound bed. Wounds were created on the dorsum of mice, and either a stromal-derived factor-1-impregnated or a saline-impregnated scaffold was applied. Wounds were explanted after 1, 3, 7 days, wound area was measured, and histology and immunohistochemistry for endothelial markers were performed. The remaining wound area in stromal-derived factor-1-treated wounds vs. controls was not significant 1 day after wounding (96.7 ± 0.1 vs. 97.5 ± 1.1%, p=0.317), but was significant after 3 days postwounding (46.7 ± 0.1 vs. 82.3 ± 2.4%, p=0.046) and 7 days postwounding (2.3 ± 1.3 vs. 32.0 ± 4.0%, p=0.049). Immunohistochemistry revealed a greater degree of endothelial cell invasion into the wound bed infiltration compared with controls. The results of this study suggest significant clinical promise for our hydrogel-delivery vehicle in the treatment of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Henderson
- Laboratory for Bioregenerative Medicine and Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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78
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Nelson DM, Baraniak PR, Ma Z, Guan J, Mason NS, Wagner WR. Controlled release of IGF-1 and HGF from a biodegradable polyurethane scaffold. Pharm Res 2011; 28:1282-93. [PMID: 21347565 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biodegradable elastomers, which can possess favorable mechanical properties and degradation rates for soft tissue engineering applications, are more recently being explored as depots for biomolecule delivery. The objective of this study was to synthesize and process biodegradable, elastomeric poly(ester urethane)urea (PEUU) scaffolds and to characterize their ability to incorporate and release bioactive insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). METHODS Porous PEUU scaffolds made from either 5 or 8 wt% PEUU were prepared with direct growth-factor incorporation. Long-term in vitro IGF-1 release kinetics were investigated in saline or saline with 100 units/ml lipase to simulate in vivo degradation. Cellular assays were used to confirm released IGF-1 and HGF bioactivity. RESULTS IGF-1 release into saline occurred in a complex multi-phasic manner for up to 440 days. Scaffolds generated from 5 wt% PEUU delivered protein faster than 8 wt% scaffolds. Lipase-accelerated scaffold degradation led to delivery of >90% protein over 9 weeks for both polymer concentrations. IGF-1 and HGF bioactivity in the first 3 weeks was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS The capacity of a biodegradable elastomeric scaffold to provide long-term growth-factor delivery was demonstrated. Such a system might provide functional benefit in cardiovascular and other soft tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin M Nelson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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79
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Lee K, Silva EA, Mooney DJ. Growth factor delivery-based tissue engineering: general approaches and a review of recent developments. J R Soc Interface 2011; 8:153-70. [PMID: 20719768 PMCID: PMC3033020 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 920] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and production of recombinant morphogens and growth factors that play key roles in tissue regeneration have generated much enthusiasm and numerous clinical trials, but the results of many of these trials have been largely disappointing. Interestingly, the trials that have shown benefit all contain a common denominator, the presence of a material carrier, suggesting strongly that spatio-temporal control over the location and bioactivity of factors after introduction into the body is crucial to achieve tangible therapeutic effect. Sophisticated materials systems that regulate the biological presentation of growth factors represent an attractive new generation of therapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. This review provides an overview of growth factor delivery in tissue engineering. Certain fundamental issues and design strategies relevant to the material carriers that are being actively pursued to address specific technical objectives are discussed. Recent progress highlights the importance of materials science and engineering in growth factor delivery approaches to regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwon Lee
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eduardo A. Silva
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David J. Mooney
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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80
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Lammers G, Verhaegen PD, Ulrich MM, Schalkwijk J, Middelkoop E, Weiland D, Nillesen ST, Van Kuppevelt TH, Daamen WF. An Overview of Methods for the In Vivo Evaluation of Tissue-Engineered Skin Constructs. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2011; 17:33-55. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2010.0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerwen Lammers
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline D.H.M. Verhaegen
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda M.W. Ulrich
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Middelkoop
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Weiland
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan T.M. Nillesen
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Toin H. Van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willeke F. Daamen
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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81
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Hafeman AE, Zienkiewicz KJ, Zachman AL, Sung HJ, Nanney LB, Davidson JM, Guelcher SA. Characterization of the degradation mechanisms of lysine-derived aliphatic poly(ester urethane) scaffolds. Biomaterials 2010; 32:419-29. [PMID: 20864156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the degradation mechanism of polymeric scaffolds and delivery systems for regenerative medicine is essential to assess their clinical applicability. Key performance criteria include induction of a minimal, transient inflammatory response and controlled degradation to soluble non-cytotoxic breakdown products that are cleared from the body by physiological processes. Scaffolds fabricated from biodegradable poly(ester urethane)s (PEURs) undergo controlled degradation to non-cytotoxic breakdown products and support the ingrowth of new tissue in preclinical models of tissue regeneration. While previous studies have shown that PEUR scaffolds prepared from lysine-derived polyisocyanates degrade faster under in vivo compared to in vitro conditions, the degradation mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we have shown that PEUR scaffolds prepared from lysine triisocyanate (LTI) or a trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDIt) undergo hydrolytic, esterolytic, and oxidative degradation. Hydrolysis of ester bonds to yield α-hydroxy acids is the dominant mechanism in buffer, and esterolytic media modestly increase the degradation rate. While HDIt scaffolds show a modest (<20%) increase in degradation rate in oxidative medium, LTI scaffolds degrade six times faster in oxidative medium. Furthermore, the in vitro rate of degradation of LTI scaffolds in oxidative medium approximates the in vivo rate in rat excisional wounds, and histological sections show macrophages expressing myeloperoxidase at the material surface. While recent preclinical studies have underscored the potential of injectable PEUR scaffolds and delivery systems for tissue regeneration, this promising class of biomaterials has a limited regulatory history. Elucidation of the macrophage-mediated oxidative mechanism by which LTI scaffolds degrade in vivo provides key insights into the ultimate fate of these materials when injected into the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Hafeman
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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82
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Liu H, Zhang L, Shi P, Zou Q, Zuo Y, Li Y. Hydroxyapatite/polyurethane scaffold incorporated with drug-loaded ethyl cellulose microspheres for bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 95:36-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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83
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A Sustained Release of Lovastatin from Biodegradable, Elastomeric Polyurethane Scaffolds for Enhanced Bone Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:2369-79. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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84
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Fu Y, Kao WJ. Drug release kinetics and transport mechanisms of non-degradable and degradable polymeric delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:429-44. [PMID: 20331353 DOI: 10.1517/17425241003602259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 731] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The advancement in material design and engineering has led to the rapid development of new materials with increasing complexity and functions. Both non-degradable and degradable polymers have found wide applications in the controlled delivery field. Studies on drug release kinetics provide important information into the function of material systems. To elucidate the detailed transport mechanism and the structure-function relationship of a material system, it is critical to bridge the gap between the macroscopic data and the transport behavior at the molecular level. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The structure and function information of selected non-degradable and degradable polymers have been collected and summarized from literature published after the 1990s. The release kinetics of selected drug compounds from various material systems is discussed in case studies. Recent progress in the mathematical models based on different transport mechanisms is highlighted. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This article aims to provide an overview of structure-function relationships of selected non-degradable and degradable polymers as drug delivery matrices. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Understanding the structure-function relationship of the material system is key to the successful design of a delivery system for a particular application. Moreover, developing complex polymeric matrices requires more robust mathematical models to elucidate the solute transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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85
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Li B, Brown KV, Wenke JC, Guelcher SA. Sustained release of vancomycin from polyurethane scaffolds inhibits infection of bone wounds in a rat femoral segmental defect model. J Control Release 2010; 145:221-30. [PMID: 20382191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Infection is a common complication in open fractures that compromises the healing of bone and can result in loss of limb or life. Currently, the clinical standard of care for treating contaminated open fractures comprises a staged approach, wherein the wound is first treated with non-biodegradable antibiotic-laden poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) beads to control the infection followed by bone grafting. Considering that tissue regeneration is associated with new blood vessel formation, which takes up to 6 weeks in segmental defects, a biodegradable bone graft with sustained release of an antibiotic is desired to prevent the implant from becoming infected, thus allowing the processes of both vascularization and new bone formation to occur unimpeded. In the present study, we utilized biodegradable porous polyurethane (PUR) scaffolds as the delivery vehicle for vancomycin. Hydrophobic vancomycin free base (V-FB) was obtained by precipitating the hydrophilic vancomycin hydrochloride (V-HCl) at pH 8. The decreased solubility of V-FB resulted in an extended vancomycin release profile in vitro, as evidenced by the fact that active vancomycin was released for up to 8 weeks at concentrations well above both the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Using PUR prepared from lysine triisocyanate (LTI) (PUR(LTI)), the extended in vitro release profile observed for V-FB translated to improved infection control in vivo compared to V-HCl in a contaminated critical-sized fat femoral segmental defect. The performance of PUR(LTI)/V-FB was comparable to PMMA/V-HCl beads in vivo. However, compared with PMMA, PUR is a biodegradable system which does not require the extra surgical removal step in clinical use. These results suggest that PUR scaffolds incorporating V-FB could be a potential clinical therapy for treatment of infected bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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86
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Hong Y, Guan J, Fujimoto KL, Hashizume R, Pelinescu AL, Wagner WR. Tailoring the degradation kinetics of poly(ester carbonate urethane)urea thermoplastic elastomers for tissue engineering scaffolds. Biomaterials 2010; 31:4249-58. [PMID: 20188411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable elastomeric scaffolds are of increasing interest for applications in soft tissue repair and regeneration, particularly in mechanically active settings. The rate at which such a scaffold should degrade for optimal outcomes, however, is not generally known and the ability to select from similar scaffolds that vary in degradation behavior to allow such optimization is limited. Our objective was to synthesize a family of biodegradable polyurethane elastomers where partial substitution of polyester segments with polycarbonate segments in the polymer backbone would lead to slower degradation behavior. Specifically, we synthesized poly(ester carbonate)urethane ureas (PECUUs) using a blended soft segment of poly(caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(1,6-hexamethylene carbonate) (PHC), a 1,4-diisocyanatobutane hard segment and chain extension with putrescine. Soft segment PCL/PHC molar ratios of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100 were investigated. Polymer tensile strengths varied from 14 to 34 MPa with breaking strains of 660-875%, initial moduli of 8-24 MPa and 100% recovery after 10% strain. Increased PHC content was associated with softer, more distensible films. Scaffolds produced by salt leaching supported smooth muscle cell adhesion and growth in vitro. PECUU in aqueous buffer in vitro and subcutaneous implants in rats of PECUU scaffolds showed degradation slower than comparable poly(ester urethane)urea and faster than poly(carbonate urethane)urea. These slower degrading thermoplastic polyurethanes provide opportunities to investigate the role of relative degradation rates for mechanically supportive scaffolds in a variety of soft tissue repair and reconstructive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hong
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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87
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Lee JY, Kang YM, Kim ES, Kang ML, Lee B, Kim JH, Min BH, Park K, Kim MS. In vitro and in vivo release of albumin from an electrostatically crosslinked in situ-forming gel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b922614a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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88
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Jin Q, Ma PX, Giannobile WV. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Delivery via Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Soft-Tissue Repair. Adv Skin Wound Care 2010; 1:375-381. [PMID: 25258592 PMCID: PMC4172358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a multifunctional growth factor that exerts its biological effects on cellular chemotaxis, proliferation, matrix synthesis, antiapoptosis, and vascularization. PDGF is clinically approved to treat neuropathic diabetic ulcers and osseous defects due to periodontal disease. THE PROBLEM The short half-life in vivo of PDGF limits the efficacy of its biological functions. Solving this problem remains a key obstacle for PDGF clinical application. Therefore, the development of an optimized controlled release delivery system offers significant potential. BASIC/CLINICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES In this article, we highlight the development of a polymeric delivery system of nanofibrous scaffolds containing PDGF-encapsulated microspheres for tissue engineering. The designed scaffolds were evaluated in a subcutaneous implantation model for tissue neogenesis, vascularization, and chemokine gene expression, as well as soft-tissue repair. PDGF was found to strongly upregulate in vivo gene expression of the CXC chemokine family members such as CXC chemokine ligand CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL5 that are important in angiogenesis, inflammation, and wound repair. CLINICAL CARE RELEVANCE Recombinant human PDGF is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for patients afflicted with diabetic foot ulcers or compromised periodontal wounds. Challenges related to the transient biological activity of bolus PDGF administration using currently available release systems continue. Thus, it is necessary to explore new delivery systems to optimize biological activity and bioavailability of tissue growth factors. CONCLUSION The use of a controlled, "dial-able" delivery system allows for a more tightly regulated release of factors to promote repair of soft- and hard-tissue defects for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Jin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Michigan Center for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peter X. Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - William V. Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Michigan Center for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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89
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Li B, Yoshii T, Hafeman AE, Nyman JS, Wenke JC, Guelcher SA. The effects of rhBMP-2 released from biodegradable polyurethane/microsphere composite scaffolds on new bone formation in rat femora. Biomaterials 2009; 30:6768-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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