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Erkoc P, Yasa IC, Ceylan H, Yasa O, Alapan Y, Sitti M. Mobile Microrobots for Active Therapeutic Delivery. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Erkoc
- Physical Intelligence Department; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent; Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Immihan C. Yasa
- Physical Intelligence Department; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent; Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Hakan Ceylan
- Physical Intelligence Department; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent; Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Oncay Yasa
- Physical Intelligence Department; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent; Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Yunus Alapan
- Physical Intelligence Department; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent; Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent; Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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52
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Du Nguyen V, Le VH, Zheng S, Han J, Park JO. Preparation of tumor targeting cell-based microrobots carrying NIR light sensitive therapeutics manipulated by electromagnetic actuating system and Chemotaxis. JOURNAL OF MICRO-BIO ROBOTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12213-018-0110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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53
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Lang T, Yin Q, Li Y. Progress of Cell-Derived Biomimetic Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqun Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 501 Haike Road Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 501 Haike Road Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 501 Haike Road Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
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54
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Fan CH, Lee YH, Ho YJ, Wang CH, Kang ST, Yeh CK. Macrophages as Drug Delivery Carriers for Acoustic Phase-Change Droplets. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:1468-1481. [PMID: 29685589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The major challenges in treating malignant tumors are transport of therapeutic agents to hypoxic regions and real-time assessment of successful drug release via medical imaging modalities. In this study, we propose the use of macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) as carriers of drug-loaded phase-change droplets to penetrate ischemic or hypoxic regions within tumors. The droplets consist of perfluoropentane, lipid and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX, DOX-droplets). The efficiency of DOX-droplet uptake, migration mobility and viability of DOX-droplet-loaded macrophages (DLMs) were measured using a transmembrane cell migration assay, the alamarBlue assay and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Our results indicate the feasibility of utilizing macrophages as DOX-droplet carriers (DOX payload of DOX-droplets: 459.3 ± 35.8 µg/mL, efficiency of cell uptake DOX-droplets: 88.8 ± 3.5%). The migration mobility (total number of migrated microphages) of DLMs decreased to 32.3% compared with that of healthy macrophages, but the DLMs provided contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging (1.7-fold enhancement) and anti-tumor effect (70.9% cell viability) after acoustic droplet vaporization, suggesting the potential theranostic applications of DLMs. Future work will assess the tumor penetration ability of DLMs, mechanical effect of droplet vaporization on in vivo anti-tumor therapy and the release of the carried drug by ultrasound-triggered vaporization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsiang Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tsung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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55
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Ranganath SH. Bioengineered cellular and cell membrane-derived vehicles for actively targeted drug delivery: So near and yet so far. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 132:57-80. [PMID: 29935987 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular carriers for drug delivery are attractive alternatives to synthetic nanoparticles owing to their innate homing/targeting abilities. Here, we review molecular interactions involved in the homing of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and other cell types to understand the process of designing and engineering highly efficient, actively targeting cellular vehicles. In addition, we comprehensively discuss various genetic and non-genetic strategies and propose futuristic approaches of engineering MSC homing using micro/nanotechnology and high throughput small molecule screening. Most of the targeting abilities of a cell come from its plasma membrane, thus, efforts to harness cell membranes as drug delivery vehicles are gaining importance and are highlighted here. We also recognize and report the lack of detailed characterization of cell membranes in terms of safety, structural integrity, targeting functionality, and drug transport. Finally, we provide insights on future development of bioengineered cellular and cell membrane-derived vesicles for successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir H Ranganath
- Bio-INvENT Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, B.H. Road, Tumakuru, 572103, Karnataka, India.
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56
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Joshi BP, Hardie J, Farkas ME. Harnessing Biology to Deliver Therapeutic and Imaging Entities via Cell-Based Methods. Chemistry 2018; 24:8717-8726. [PMID: 29543990 PMCID: PMC6174085 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of therapeutic and imaging agents at sites of interest is critical to their efficacy. Similarly, off-target effects (especially toxicity) are a major liability for these entities. For this reason, the use of delivery vehicles to improve the distribution characteristics of bio-active agents has become ubiquitous in the field. However, the majority of traditionally employed, cargo-bearing platforms rely on passive accumulation. Even in cases where "targeting" functionalities are used, the agents must first reach the site in order for the ligand-receptor interaction to occur. The next stage of vehicle development is the use of "recruited" entities, which respond to biological signals produced in the tissues to be targeted, resulting in improved specificities. Recently, many advances have been made in the utilization of cells as delivery agents. They are biocompatible, exhibit excellent circulation lifetimes and tissue penetration capabilities, and respond to chemotactic signals. In this Minireview, we will explore various cell types, modifications, and applications where cell-based delivery agents are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu P Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Joseph Hardie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Michelle E Farkas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
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57
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Evans MA, Huang PJ, Iwamoto Y, Ibsen KN, Chan EM, Hitomi Y, Ford PC, Mitragotri S. Macrophage-mediated delivery of light activated nitric oxide prodrugs with spatial, temporal and concentration control. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3729-3741. [PMID: 29780505 PMCID: PMC5939611 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00015h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) holds great promise as a treatment for cancer hypoxia, if its concentration and localization can be precisely controlled. Here, we report a "Trojan Horse" strategy to provide the necessary spatial, temporal, and dosage control of such drug-delivery therapies at targeted tissues. Described is a unique package consisting of (1) a manganese-nitrosyl complex, which is a photoactivated NO-releasing moiety (photoNORM), plus Nd3+-doped upconverting nanoparticles (Nd-UCNPs) incorporated into (2) biodegradable polymer microparticles that are taken up by (3) bone-marrow derived murine macrophages. Both the photoNORM [Mn(NO)dpaqNO2 ]BPh4(dpaqNO2 = 2-[N,N-bis(pyridin-2-yl-methyl)]-amino-N'-5-nitro-quinolin-8-yl-acetamido) and the Nd-UCNPs are activated by tissue-penetrating near-infrared (NIR) light at ∼800 nm. Thus, simultaneous therapeutic NO delivery and photoluminescence (PL) imaging can be achieved with a NIR diode laser source. The loaded microparticles are non-toxic to their macrophage hosts in the absence of light. The microparticle-carrying macrophages deeply penetrate into NIH-3T3/4T1 tumor spheroid models, and when the infiltrated spheroids are irradiated with NIR light, NO is released in quantifiable amounts while emission from the Nd-UCNPs provides images of microparticle location. Furthermore, varying the intensity of the NIR excitation allows photochemical control over NO release. Low doses reduce levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in the tumor cells, while high doses are cytotoxic. The use of macrophages to carry microparticles with a NIR photo-activated theranostic payload into a tumor overcomes challenges often faced with therapeutic administration of NO and offers the potential of multiple treatment strategies with a single system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Evans
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 USA .
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Center for Bioengineering , University of California, Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , 29 Oxford St. , Cambridge , MA 02138 , USA .
| | - Po-Ju Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 USA .
| | - Yuji Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Doshisha University , 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe , Kyoto 610-0394 , Japan
| | - Kelly N Ibsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Center for Bioengineering , University of California, Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 USA
| | - Emory M Chan
- Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA , USA
| | - Yutaka Hitomi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Doshisha University , 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe , Kyoto 610-0394 , Japan
| | - Peter C Ford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 USA .
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Center for Bioengineering , University of California, Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , 29 Oxford St. , Cambridge , MA 02138 , USA .
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58
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Ho YJ, Chiang YJ, Kang ST, Fan CH, Yeh CK. Camptothecin-loaded fusogenic nanodroplets as ultrasound theranostic agent in stem cell-mediated drug-delivery system. J Control Release 2018; 278:100-109. [PMID: 29630986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been utilized in cellular delivery systems to carry therapeutic agents into tumors by migration. Drug-loaded nanodroplets release drugs and form bubbles after acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) triggered by ultrasound stimulation, providing a system for ultrasound-induced cellular delivery of theranostic agents. In order to improve the efficiency of drug release, fusogenic nanodroplets were designed to go from nano to micron size upon uptake by ADSCs for reducing ADV threshold. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the utility of camptothecin-loaded fusogenic nanodroplets (CPT-FNDs) as ultrasound theranostic agents in an ADSCs delivery system. CPT-FNDs showed an increase in size from 81.6 ± 3.5 to 1043.5 ± 28.3 nm and improved CPT release from 22.0 ± 1.8% to 37.6 ± 2.1%, demonstrating the fusion ability of CPT-FNDs. CPT-FNDs-loaded ADSCs demonstrated a cell viability of 77 ± 4%, and the in vitro migration ability was 3.2 ± 1.2-fold for the tumor condition compared to the cell growth condition. Ultrasound enhancement imaging showed intratumoral ADV-generated bubble formation (increasing 3.24 ± 0.47 dB) triggered by ultrasound after CPT-FNDs-loaded ADSCs migration into B16F0 tumors. Histological images revealed intratumoral distribution of CPT-FNDs-loaded ADSCs and tissue damage due to the ADV. The CPT-FNDs can be used as theranostic agents in an ADSCs delivery system to provide the ultrasound contrast imaging and deliver combination therapy of drug release and physical damage after ADV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tsung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiang Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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59
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Ding S, O'Banion CP, Welfare JG, Lawrence DS. Cellular Cyborgs: On the Precipice of a Drug Delivery Revolution. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:648-658. [PMID: 29628434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based drug delivery systems offer the prospect of biocompatibility, large-loading capacity, long in vivo lifespan, and active targeting of diseased sites. However, these opportunities are offset by an array of challenges, including safeguarding the integrity of the drug cargo and the cellular host, as well as ensuring that drug release occurs at the appropriate time and place. Emerging strategies that address these, and related, issues, are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ding
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Colin P O'Banion
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joshua G Welfare
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David S Lawrence
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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60
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Leong J, Teo JY, Aakalu VK, Yang YY, Kong H. Engineering Polymersomes for Diagnostics and Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701276. [PMID: 29334183 PMCID: PMC6377267 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Engineered polymer vesicles, termed as polymersomes, confer a flexibility to control their structure, properties, and functionality. Self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers leads to vesicles consisting of a hydrophobic bilayer membrane and hydrophilic core, each of which is loaded with a wide array of small and large molecules of interests. As such, polymersomes are increasingly being studied as carriers of imaging probes and therapeutic drugs. Effective delivery of polymersomes necessitates careful design of polymersomes. Therefore, this review article discusses the design strategies of polymersomes developed for enhanced transport and efficacy of imaging probes and therapeutic drugs. In particular, the article focuses on overviewing technologies to regulate the size, structure, shape, surface activity, and stimuli- responsiveness of polymersomes and discussing the extent to which these properties and structure of polymersomes influence the efficacy of cargo molecules. Taken together with future considerations, this article will serve to improve the controllability of polymersome functions and accelerate the use of polymersomes in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Jye Yng Teo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Vinay K. Aakalu
- Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,
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61
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Tao Y, Zhu L, Zhao Y, Yi X, Zhu L, Ge F, Mou X, Chen L, Sun L, Yang K. Nano-graphene oxide-manganese dioxide nanocomposites for overcoming tumor hypoxia and enhancing cancer radioisotope therapy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:5114-5123. [PMID: 29487939 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08747k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
While radiotherapy (RT) is commonly used in clinics for cancer treatment, the therapeutic efficiency is not satisfactory owing to the existence of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment which seriously affects the efficiency of RT. Herein, we design polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified reduced nano-graphene oxide-manganese dioxide (rGO-MnO2-PEG) nanocomposites to trigger oxygen generation from H2O2 to reduce the tumor hypoxic microenvironments. We use the radioisotope, 131I labeled rGO-MnO2-PEG nanocomposites as therapeutic agents for in vivo tumor radioisotope therapy (RIT), achieving excellent tumor killing and further enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of RIT. More importantly, the dissolution of MnO2 under acidic conditions and the redox process during the catalytic pathway of H2O2 decomposition in the cellular microenvironment direct to the production of an enormous amount of Mn2+ which has been used as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our proposed work provides a strategy to trigger oxygen formation via an internal stimulus to enhance imaging-guided RIT efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugui Tao
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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Tsai YC, Vijayaraghavan P, Chiang WH, Chen HH, Liu TI, Shen MY, Omoto A, Kamimura M, Soga K, Chiu HC. Targeted Delivery of Functionalized Upconversion Nanoparticles for Externally Triggered Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapies of Brain Glioblastoma. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1435-1448. [PMID: 29507632 PMCID: PMC5835948 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic efficacy of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is often severely limited by poor penetration of therapeutics through blood-brain barrier (BBB) into brain tissues and lack of tumor targeting. In this regard, a functionalized upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-based delivery system which can target brain tumor and convert deep tissue-penetrating near-infrared (NIR) light into visible light for precise phototherapies on brain tumor was developed in this work. Methods: The UCNP-based phototherapy delivery system was acquired by assembly of oleic acid-coated UCNPs with angiopep-2/cholesterol-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol) and the hydrophobic photosensitizers. The hybrid nanoparticles (ANG-IMNPs) were characterized by DLS, TEM, UV/vis and fluorescence spectrophotometer. Cellular uptake was examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The PDT/PTT effect of ANG-IMNPs was evaluated using MTT assay. Tumor accumulation of NPs was determined by a non-invasive in vivo imaging system (IVIS). The in vivo anti-glioma effect of ANG-IMNPs was evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) examination of tumor tissues and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: In vitro data demonstrated enhanced uptake of ANG-IMNPs by murine astrocytoma cells (ALTS1C1) and pronounced cytotoxicity by combined NIR-triggered PDT and PTT. In consistence with the increased penetration of ANG-IMNPs through endothelial monolayer in vitro, the NPs have also shown significantly enhanced accumulation at brain tumor by IVIS. The IHC tissue examination confirmed prominent apoptotic and necrotic effects on tumor cells in mice receiving targeted dual photo-based therapies, which also led to enhanced median survival (24 days) as compared to the NP treatment without angiopep-2 (14 days). Conclusion: In vitro and in vivo data strongly indicate that the ANG-IMNPs were capable of selectively delivering dual photosensitizers to brain astrocytoma tumors for effective PDT/PTT in conjugation with a substantially improved median survival. The therapeutic efficacy of ANG-IMNPs demonstrated in this study suggests their potential in overcoming BBB and establishing an effective treatment against GBM.
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63
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Pang L, Qin J, Han L, Zhao W, Liang J, Xie Z, Yang P, Wang J. Exploiting macrophages as targeted carrier to guide nanoparticles into glioma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37081-37091. [PMID: 27213597 PMCID: PMC5095060 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The restriction of anti-cancer drugs entry to tumor sites in the brain is a major impediment to the development of new strategies for the treatment of glioma. Based on the finding that macrophages possess an intrinsic homing property enabling them to migrate to tumor sites across the endothelial barriers in response to the excretion of cytokines/chemokines in the diseased tissues, we exploited macrophages as 'Trojan horses' to carry drug-loading nanoparticles (NPs), pass through barriers, and offload them into brain tumor sites. Anticancer drugs were encapsulated in nanoparticles to avoid their damage to the cells. Drug loading NPs was then incubated with RAW264.7 cells in vitro to prepare macrophage-NPs (M-NPs). The release of NPs from M-NPs was very slow in medium of DMEM and 10% FBS and significantly accelerated when LPS and IFN-γ were added to mimic tumor inflammation microenvironment. The viability of macrophages was not affected when the concentration of doxorubicin lower than 25 μg/ml. The improvement of cellular uptake and penetration into the core of glioma spheroids of M-NPs compared with NPs was verified in in vitro studies. The tumor-targeting efficiency of NPs was also significantly enhanced after loading into macrophages in nude mice bearing intracranial U87 glioma. Our results provided great potential of macrophages as an active biocarrier to deliver anticancer drugs to the tumor sites in the brain and improve therapeutic effects of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Pang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Limei Han
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianming Liang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhongyi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Aragon-Sanabria V, Kim GB, Dong C. From Cancer Immunoediting to New Strategies in Cancer Immunotherapy: The Roles of Immune Cells and Mechanics in Oncology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1092:113-138. [PMID: 30368751 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For the last three decades, the concept of immunoediting has evolved to characterize our increasing understanding of the interactions between cells from the immune system and cancer development. Elucidating the role of immune cells in the progression of cancer has been very challenging due to their dual role; the immune system can either suppress tumor formation by killing cancer cells, or it can also promote tumor growth. Revealing how immune cells are hampered by the tumor microenvironment and how they aid tumor progression has signaled strategies to reverse these effects and control cancer cell growth; this has been the advent of immunotherapy design. More recently, the role of physical forces in the process of immunoediting has been highlighted by multiple studies focusing on understanding how force changes in the stiffness of the extracellular matrix and fluid flow shear stress contribute to tumor development. Using models in vitro that incorporate biomechanical components, it has been shown that these physical aspects are not only important during the formation and growth of primary tumors, but in the metastatic process as well. In this way, we have also gained insight into the interactions occurring within the vascular system, which are highly affected by the dynamics of physical collisions between cells and by shear forces. Here, we review the concept of cancer immunoediting with an emphasis on biomechanics and conclude with a summary on current immunotherapies and potential new strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Aragon-Sanabria
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA
| | - Gloria B Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA.
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Wang C, Li K, Li T, Chen Z, Wen Y, Liu X, Jia X, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Han M, Komatsu N, Zhao L, Chen X. Monocyte-mediated chemotherapy drug delivery in glioblastoma. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 13:157-178. [PMID: 29173008 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To mechanistically prove the concept of monocyte-mediated nano drug delivery in glioblastoma (GBM). RESULTS nano-doxorubicin-loaded monocytes (Nano-DOX-MC) were viable, able to cross an artificial endothelial barrier and capable of infiltrating GBM spheroids and releasing drug therein. GBM cells stimulated unloading of Nano-DOX-MC and took up the unloaded drug and released damage-associated molecular patterns. In mice with orthotopic GBM xenografts, Nano-DOX-MC resulted in much improved tumor drug delivery efficacy and damage-associated molecular patterns emission. Mechanistically, Nano-DOX was found sequestered in the lysosomal compartment and to induce autophagy, which may underlie MC's tolerance to Nano-DOX. Lysosomal exocytosis was found involved in the discharging mechanism of intracellular Nano-DOX. CONCLUSION Nano-DOX can be effectively delivered by MC in GBM and induce cancer cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ke Li
- Center for Lab Teaching of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tongfei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yichao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yonghong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Ophthalmological Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Min Han
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Naoki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Human & Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Radiation Medicine & Protection (SRMP), School of Radiation & Multidisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
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66
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Pang L, Zhang C, Qin J, Han L, Li R, Hong C, He H, Wang J. A novel strategy to achieve effective drug delivery: exploit cells as carrier combined with nanoparticles. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:83-91. [PMID: 28155538 PMCID: PMC8241159 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1230903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated drug delivery systems employ specific cells as drug vehicles to deliver drugs to targeted sites. Therapeutics or imaging agents are loaded into these cells and then released in diseased sites. These specific cells mainly include red blood cells, leukocytes, stem cells and so on. The cell acts as a Trojan horse to transfer the drug from circulating blood to the diseased tissue. In such a system, these cells keep their original properties, which allow them to mimic the migration behavior of specific cells to carry drug to the targeted site after in vivo administration. This strategy elegantly combines the advantages of both carriers, i.e. the adjustability of nanoparticles (NPs) and the natural functions of active cells, which therefore provides a new perspective to challenge current obstacles in drug delivery. This review will describe a fundamental understanding of these cell-based drug delivery systems, and discuss the great potential of combinational application of cell carrier and NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Pang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and
| | - Chun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and
| | - Jing Qin
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and
| | - Limei Han
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and
| | - Chao Hong
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and
| | - Huining He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and
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67
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Chiu HT, Su CK, Sun YC, Chiang CS, Huang YF. Albumin-Gold Nanorod Nanoplatform for Cell-Mediated Tumoritropic Delivery with Homogenous ChemoDrug Distribution and Enhanced Retention Ability. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:3034-3052. [PMID: 28839462 PMCID: PMC5566104 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, living cells with tumor-homing properties have provided an exciting opportunity to achieve optimal delivery of nanotherapeutic agents. However, premature payload leakage may impair the host cells, often leading to inadequate in vivo investigations or therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, a nanoplatform that provides a high drug-loading capacity and the precise control of drug release is required. In the present study, a robust one-step synthesis of a doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded gold nanorod/albumin core-shell nanoplatform (NR@DOX:SA) was designed for effective macrophage-mediated delivery to demonstrate how nanoparticle-loaded macrophages improve photothermal/chemodrug distribution and retention ability to achieve enhanced antitumor effects. The serum albumin shell of these nanoagents served as a drug reservoir to delay the intracellular DOX release and drug-related toxicity that impairs the host cell carriers. Near-infrared laser irradiation enabled on-demand payload release to destroy neighboring tumor cells. A series of in vivo quantitative analyses demonstrated that the nanoengineered macrophages delivered the nanodrugs through tumor-tropic migration to tumor tissues, resulting in the twice homogenous and efficient photothermal activations of drug release to treat prostate cancer. By contrast, localized pristine NR@DOX:SAs exhibit limited photothermal drug delivery that further reduces their retention ability and therapeutic efficacy after second combinational treatment, leading to a failure of cancer therapy. Moreover, the resultant unhealable wounds impair quality of life. Free DOX has rapid clearance and therefore exhibits limited antitumor effects. Our findings suggest that in comparison with pristine nanoparticles or free DOX, the nanoengineered macrophages effectively demonstrate the importance and effect of homogeneous drug distribution and retention ability in cancer therapy.
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68
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Jahanban-Esfahlan R, de la Guardia M, Ahmadi D, Yousefi B. Modulating tumor hypoxia by nanomedicine for effective cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2019-2031. [PMID: 28198007 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a characteristic feature of tumors, is indispensable to tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and multi drug resistance. Hypoxic avascular regions, deeply embedded inside the tumors significantly hinder delivery of therapeutic agents. The low oxygen tension results in resistance to the current applied anti-cancer therapeutics including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and photodynamic therapy, the efficacy of which is firmly tied to the level of tumor oxygen supply. However, emerging data indicate that nanocarriers/nanodrugs can offer substantial benefits to improve the efficacy of current therapeutics, through modulation of tumor hypoxia. This review aims to introduce the most recent advances made in nanocarrier mediated targeting of tumor hypoxia. The first part is dedicated to the approaches by which nanocarriers could be designed to target/leverage hypoxia. These approaches include i) inhibiting Hypoxia Inducer Factor (HIF-1α); ii) hypoxia activated prodrugs/linkers; and iii) obligate anaerobe mediated targeting of tumor hypoxia. The second part, details novel nanosystems proposed to modulate tumor hypoxia through tumor oxygenation. These methods seek to lessen tumor hypoxia through vascular normalization, or reoxygenation therapy. The reoxygenation of tumor could be accomplished by: i) generation of oxygen filled nanocarriers; ii) natural/artificial oxygen nanocarriers; and iii) oxygen generators. The efficacy of each approach and their potential in cancer therapy is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Delshad Ahmadi
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Targeting Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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69
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Huang WC, Lu IL, Chiang WH, Lin YW, Tsai YC, Chen HH, Chang CW, Chiang CS, Chiu HC. Tumortropic adipose-derived stem cells carrying smart nanotherapeutics for targeted delivery and dual-modality therapy of orthotopic glioblastoma. J Control Release 2017; 254:119-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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70
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Zhao Y, Tang S, Guo J, Alahdal M, Cao S, Yang Z, Zhang F, Shen Y, Sun M, Mo R, Zong L, Jin L. Targeted delivery of doxorubicin by nano-loaded mesenchymal stem cells for lung melanoma metastases therapy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44758. [PMID: 28303966 PMCID: PMC5355993 DOI: 10.1038/srep44758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor antigenic presentation of tumor tissues and a lack of specific targets currently limit the success of nanoparticle delivery system. Cellular carrier technique has been recently explored extensively as a substitutive or supplement for traditional targeting delivery system. Here, we demonstrate the usage of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) loaded with doxorubicin containing polymer nanoparticles in pulmonary melanoma metastases therapy, as a modified technique of targeted delivery system. The characterizations of prepared nanoparticles and MSCs sensitivity to DOX and PLGA-DOX were measured. In vitro tumor tropism, and in vivo distributions of nanoparticles loaded MSCs were also investigated. The findings have demonstrated that, the modified system not only integrates the controlled-release property of nanoparticles but also exhibits tumor tropism and penetrative characteristics of MSCs. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor study has demonstrated that drug loaded MSCs had potent efficacy in lung melanoma metastases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuekui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shanshan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiamin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Murad Alahdal
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shunxiu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhaocong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yumeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Minjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ran Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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71
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Exploiting the cancer niche: Tumor-associated macrophages and hypoxia as promising synergistic targets for nano-based therapy. J Control Release 2017; 253:82-96. [PMID: 28285930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment has been widely exploited as an active participant in tumor progression. Extensive reports have defined the dual role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor development. The protumoral effect exerted by the M2 phenotype has been correlated with a negative outcome in most solid tumors. The high infiltration of immune cells in the hypoxic cores of advanced solid tumors leads to a chain reaction of stimuli that enhances the expression of protumoral genes, thrives tumor malignancy, and leads to the emergence of drug resistance. Many studies have shown therapeutic targeting systems, solely to TAMs or tumor hypoxia, however, novel therapeutics that target both features are still warranted. In the present review, we discuss the role of hypoxia in tumor development and the clinical outcome of hypoxia-targeted therapeutics, such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) inhibitors and hypoxia-activated prodrugs. Furthermore, we review the state-of-the-art of macrophage-based cancer therapy. We thoroughly discuss the development of novel therapeutics that simultaneously target TAMs and tumor hypoxia. Nano-based systems have been highlighted as interesting strategies for dual modality treatments, with somewhat improved tissue extravasation. Such approach could be seen as a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance and enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy in advanced solid and metastatic tumors, especially when exploiting cell-based nanotherapies. Finally, we provide an in-depth opinion on the importance of exploiting the tumor microenvironment in cancer therapy, and how this could be translated to clinical practice.
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72
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Duan Z, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Sun L, Cai H, Li B, Gong Q, Gu Z, Luo K. Stimuli-Sensitive Biodegradable and Amphiphilic Block Copolymer-Gemcitabine Conjugates Self-Assemble into a Nanoscale Vehicle for Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:3474-3486. [PMID: 28029039 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The availability and the stability of current anticancer agents, particularly water-insoluble drugs, are still far from satisfactory. A widely used anticancer drug, gemcitabine (GEM), is so poorly stable in circulation that some polymeric drug-delivery systems have been under development for some time to improve its therapeutic index. Herein, we designed, prepared, and characterized a biodegradable amphiphilic block N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-GEM conjugate-based nanoscale and stimuli-sensitive drug-delivery vehicle. An enzyme-sensitive oligopeptide sequence glycylphenylalanylleucylglycine (GFLG) was introduced to the main chain with hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Likewise, GEM was conjugated to the copolymer via the enzyme-sensitive peptide GFLG, producing a high molecular weight (MW) product (90 kDa) that can be degraded into smaller MW segments (<50 kDa), and ensuring potential rapid site-specific release and stability in vivo. The amphiphilic copolymer-GEM conjugate can self-assemble into compact nanoparticles. NIR fluorescent images demonstrated that the conjugate-based nanoparticles could accumulate and be retained within tumors, resulting in significant increased antitumor efficacy compared to free GEM. The conjugate was not toxic to organs of the mice as measured by body weight reductions and histological analysis. In summary, this biodegradable amphiphilic block HPMA copolymer-gemcitabine conjugate has the potential to be a stimuli-sensitive and nanoscale drug-delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Duan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
| | | | | | - Hao Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
| | | | | | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
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73
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Mononuclear phagocytes as a target, not a barrier, for drug delivery. J Control Release 2017; 259:53-61. [PMID: 28108325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes have been generally recognized as a barrier to drug delivery. Recently, a new understanding of mononuclear phagocytes (MPS) ontogeny has surfaced and their functions in disease have been unveiled, demonstrating the need for re-evaluation of perspectives on mononuclear phagocytes in drug delivery. In this review, we described mononuclear phagocyte biology and focus on their accumulation mechanisms in disease sites with explanations of monocyte heterogeneity. In the 'MPS as a barrier' section, we summarized recent studies on mechanisms to avoid phagocytosis based on two different biological principles: protein adsorption and self-recognition. In the 'MPS as a target' section, more detailed descriptions were given on mononuclear phagocyte-targeted drug delivery systems and their applications to various diseases. Collectively, we emphasize in this review that mononuclear phagocytes are potent targets for future drug delivery systems. Mononuclear phagocyte-targeted delivery systems should be created with an understanding of mononuclear phagocyte ontogeny and pathology. Each specific subset of phagocytes should be targeted differently by location and function for improved disease-drug delivery while avoiding RES clearance such as Kupffer cells and splenic macrophages.
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74
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Mulvana H, Browning RJ, Luan Y, de Jong N, Tang MX, Eckersley RJ, Stride E. Characterization of Contrast Agent Microbubbles for Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy Research. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2017; 64:232-251. [PMID: 27810805 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2016.2613991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The high efficiency with which gas microbubbles can scatter ultrasound compared with the surrounding blood pool or tissues has led to their widespread employment as contrast agents in ultrasound imaging. In recent years, their applications have been extended to include super-resolution imaging and the stimulation of localized bio-effects for therapy. The growing exploitation of contrast agents in ultrasound and in particular these recent developments have amplified the need to characterize and fully understand microbubble behavior. The aim in doing so is to more fully exploit their utility for both diagnostic imaging and potential future therapeutic applications. This paper presents the key characteristics of microbubbles that determine their efficacy in diagnostic and therapeutic applications and the corresponding techniques for their measurement. In each case, we have presented information regarding the methods available and their respective strengths and limitations, with the aim of presenting information relevant to the selection of appropriate characterization methods. First, we examine methods for determining the physical properties of microbubble suspensions and then techniques for acoustic characterization of both suspensions and single microbubbles. The next section covers characterization of microbubbles as therapeutic agents, including as drug carriers for which detailed understanding of their surface characteristics and drug loading capacity is required. Finally, we discuss the attempts that have been made to allow comparison across the methods employed by various groups to characterize and describe their microbubble suspensions and promote wider discussion and comparison of microbubble behavior.
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75
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Huang WC, Chen SH, Chiang WH, Huang CW, Lo CL, Chern CS, Chiu HC. Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Nanoparticle Delivery of Chemotherapy for Enhanced Selective Cellular Uptake and Transportation within Tumor. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3883-3892. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chia Huang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hong Chen
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department
of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital−Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsuan Chiang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Wei Huang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lo
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chorng-Shyan Chern
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Cheng Chiu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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76
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Xu G, Zeng S, Zhang B, Swihart MT, Yong KT, Prasad PN. New Generation Cadmium-Free Quantum Dots for Biophotonics and Nanomedicine. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12234-12327. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaixia Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong
Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
- CINTRA
CNRS/NTU/THALES,
UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50
Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- School
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA
CNRS/NTU/THALES,
UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50
Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Butian Zhang
- School
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | | | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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77
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Li M, Chu Y. Explore the research front of a specific research theme based on a novel technique of enhanced co-word analysis. J Inf Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0165551516661914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Discovering the research front of a specific topic remains a significant challenge for researchers in all scientific areas. Over the last decade, burst term detection (BTD) in text streams has become a useful technique for bibliometrics and science mapping. It has been argued that analytical methods based on BTD can indicate certain facets of a research front. To integrate BTD into the framework of traditional co-word analysis, association rule mining between keywords and burst terms (ARM-KB) is introduced to enhance traditional co-word analysis and present a new facet of the research front for a field of science. Based on ARM-KB, possible connections between keywords and burst terms are built, which can facilitate the exploration of a research front from a three-dimensional perspective, through co-word analysis, burst term clues, and association rules. In the case study, the research fronts of anticancer based on nanomedicine (ABN) are explored. Based on theoretical and empirical analyses, ARM-KB can be used as a valuable new technique or a supplement to traditional bibliometrics in the exploration of scientific frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munan Li
- School of Business Administration, South China University of Technology, PR China
| | - Yanqun Chu
- School of Business Administration, South China University of Technology, PR China
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78
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Nanoparticles for Targeting Intratumoral Hypoxia: Exploiting a Potential Weakness of Glioblastoma. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2059-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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79
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Glioma Stem Cells and Their Microenvironments: Providers of Challenging Therapeutic Targets. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:5728438. [PMID: 26977157 PMCID: PMC4764748 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5728438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are aggressive brain tumors with limited therapeutic options, possibly because of highly tumorigenic subpopulations of glioma stem cells. These cells require specific microenvironments to maintain their “stemness,” described as perivascular and hypoxic niches. Each of those niches induces particular signatures in glioma stem cells (e.g., activation of Notch signaling, secretion of VEGF, bFGF, SDF1 for the vascular niche, activation of HIF2α, and metabolic reprogramming for hypoxic niche). Recently, accumulated knowledge on tumor-associated macrophages, possibly delineating a third niche, has underlined the role of immune cells in glioma progression, via specific chemoattractant factors and cytokines, such as macrophage-colony stimulation factor (M-CSF). The local or myeloid origin of this new component of glioma stem cells niche is yet to be determined. Such niches are being increasingly recognized as key regulators involved in multiple stages of disease progression, therapy resistance, immune-escaping, and distant metastasis, thereby substantially impacting the future development of frontline interventions in clinical oncology. This review focuses on the microenvironment impact on the glioma stem cell biology, emphasizing GSCs cross talk with hypoxic, perivascular, and immune niches and their potential use as targeted therapy.
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80
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Hung CC, Huang WC, Lin YW, Yu TW, Chen HH, Lin SC, Chiang WH, Chiu HC. Active Tumor Permeation and Uptake of Surface Charge-Switchable Theranostic Nanoparticles for Imaging-Guided Photothermal/Chemo Combinatorial Therapy. Theranostics 2016; 6:302-17. [PMID: 26909107 PMCID: PMC4737719 DOI: 10.7150/thno.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To significantly promote tumor uptake and penetration of therapeutics, a nanovehicle system comprising poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as the hydrophobic cores coated with pH-responsive N-acetyl histidine modified D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (NAcHis-TPGS) is developed in this work. The nanocarriers with switchable surface charges in response to tumor extracellular acidity (pHe) were capable of selectively co-delivering indocyanine green (ICG), a photothermal agent, and doxorubicin (DOX), a chemotherapy drug, to tumor sites. The in vitro cellular uptake of ICG/DOX-loaded nanoparticles by cancer cells and macrophages was significantly promoted in weak acidic environments due to the increased protonation of the NAcHis moieties. The results of in vivo and ex vivo biodistribution studies demonstrated that upon intravenous injection the theranostic nanoparticles were substantially accumulated in TRAMP-C1 solid tumor of tumor-bearing mice. Immunohistochemical examination of tumor sections confirmed the active permeation of the nanoparticles into deep tumor hypoxia due to their small size, pHe-induced near neutral surface, and the additional hitchhiking transport via tumor-associated macrophages. The prominent imaging-guided photothermal therapy of ICG/DOX-loaded nanoparticles after tumor accumulation induced extensive tumor tissue/vessel ablation, which further promoted their extravasation and DOX tumor permeation, thus effectively suppressing tumor growth.
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81
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Pei Y, Yeo Y. Drug delivery to macrophages: Challenges and opportunities. J Control Release 2015; 240:202-211. [PMID: 26686082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are prevalent in the body and have roles in almost every aspect of human biology. They have often been considered a subject to avoid during drug delivery. However, with recent understanding of their diverse functions in diseases, macrophages have gained increasing interest as important therapeutic targets. To develop drug carriers to macrophages, it is important to understand their biological roles and requirements for efficient targeting. This review provides an overview of representative carriers and various approaches to address challenges in drug delivery to macrophages such as biodistribution, cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Pei
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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82
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Huang WC, Shen MY, Chen HH, Lin SC, Chiang WH, Wu PH, Chang CW, Chiang CS, Chiu HC. Monocytic delivery of therapeutic oxygen bubbles for dual-modality treatment of tumor hypoxia. J Control Release 2015; 220:738-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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