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Jesulola E, Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, Agnew LL, Wilson P. Frontal alpha asymmetry as a pathway to behavioural withdrawal in depression: Research findings and issues. Behav Brain Res 2015; 292:56-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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52
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Wong M, Woody EZ, Schmidt LA, Ameringen MV, Soreni N, Szechtman H. Frontal EEG alpha activity and obsessive-compulsive behaviors in non-clinical young adults: a pilot study. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1480. [PMID: 26483733 PMCID: PMC4586322 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the resting electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha patterns of non-clinical participants who score high on measures of negative affect, such as depression and shyness, are different from those who score low. However, we know relatively little about patterns of resting EEG alpha patterns in a non-clinical sample of individuals with high levels of obsessive-compulsive behaviors indicative of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here we measured resting EEG alpha activity in frontal and parietal regions of non-clinical participants who scored high and low on the Padua-R, a measure of the severity of OCD-related behaviors. We found that participants who scored high on the Padua-R exhibited decreased overall activity in frontal regions relative to individuals who scored low on the measure. We speculate that frontal hypoactivity may be a possible marker and/or index of risk for OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Erik Z. Woody
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Louis A. Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Van Ameringen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Noam Soreni
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Henry Szechtman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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53
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Mathewson KJ, Hashemi A, Sheng B, Sekuler AB, Bennett PJ, Schmidt LA. Regional electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha power and asymmetry in older adults: a study of short-term test-retest reliability. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:177. [PMID: 26441639 PMCID: PMC4584992 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although regional alpha power and asymmetry measures have been widely used as indices of individual differences in emotional processing and affective style in younger populations, there have been relatively few studies that have examined these measures in older adults. Here, we examined the short-term test-retest reliability of resting regional alpha power (7.5-12.5 Hz) and asymmetry in a sample of 38 active, community-dwelling older adults (M age = 71.2, SD = 6.5 years). Resting electroencephalogram recordings were made before and after a perceptual computer task. Pearson and intra-class correlations indicated acceptable test-retest reliability for alpha power and asymmetry measures in all regions. Interestingly, alpha asymmetry appeared to be less affected by the task than was alpha power. Findings suggest that alpha asymmetry may reflect more enduring, "trait-like" characteristics, while alpha power may reflect more "state-like" processes in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J. Mathewson
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster UniversityHamilton, ON, Canada
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54
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Suresh S, Liu Y, Yeow RCH. Development of a Wearable Electroencephalographic Device for Anxiety Monitoring1. J Med Device 2015. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Suresh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Yuchun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Raye Chen-Hua Yeow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
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Van Hecke AV, Stevens S, Carson AM, Karst JS, Dolan B, Schohl K, McKindles RJ, Remmel R, Brockman S. Measuring the plasticity of social approach: a randomized controlled trial of the effects of the PEERS intervention on EEG asymmetry in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2015; 45:316-35. [PMID: 23812665 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS: Social skills for teenagers with developmental and autism spectrum disorders: The PEERS treatment manual, Routledge, New York, 2010a) affected neural function, via EEG asymmetry, in a randomized controlled trial of adolescents with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and a group of typically developing adolescents. Adolescents with ASD in PEERS shifted from right-hemisphere gamma-band EEG asymmetry before PEERS to left-hemisphere EEG asymmetry after PEERS, versus a waitlist ASD group. Left-hemisphere EEG asymmetry was associated with more social contacts and knowledge, and fewer symptoms of autism. Adolescents with ASD in PEERS no longer differed from typically developing adolescents in left-dominant EEG asymmetry at post-test. These findings are discussed via the Modifier Model of Autism (Mundy et al. in Res Pract Persons Severe Disabl 32(2):124, 2007), with emphasis on remediating isolation/withdrawal in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Vaughan Van Hecke
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, PO Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-1881, USA,
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56
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Quaedflieg CWEM, Smulders FTY, Meyer T, Peeters F, Merckelbach H, Smeets T. The validity of individual frontal alpha asymmetry EEG neurofeedback. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 11:33-43. [PMID: 26163671 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontal asymmetry in alpha oscillations is assumed to be associated with psychopathology and individual differences in emotional responding. Brain-activity-based feedback is a promising tool for the modulation of cortical activity. Here, we validated a neurofeedback protocol designed to change relative frontal asymmetry based on individual alpha peak frequencies, including real-time average referencing and eye-correction. Participants (N = 60) were randomly assigned to a right, left or placebo neurofeedback group. Results show a difference in trainability between groups, with a linear change in frontal alpha asymmetry over time for the right neurofeedback group during rest. Moreover, the asymmetry changes in the right group were frequency and location specific, even though trainability did not persist at 1 week and 1 month follow-ups. On the behavioral level, subjective stress on the second test day was reduced in the left and placebo neurofeedback groups, but not in the right neurofeedback group. We found individual differences in trainability that were dependent on training group, with participants in the right neurofeedback group being more likely to change their frontal asymmetry in the desired direction. Individual differences in trainability were also reflected in the ability to change frontal asymmetry during the feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W E M Quaedflieg
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
| | - F T Y Smulders
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - T Meyer
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and
| | - F Peeters
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H Merckelbach
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - T Smeets
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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57
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Uusberg H, Allik J, Hietanen JK. Eye contact reveals a relationship between Neuroticism and anterior EEG asymmetry. Neuropsychologia 2015; 73:161-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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58
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Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a condition characterized by pervasiveness and impairment in social functioning, with a prevalence in the general population between 1.9% and 12.1%. The most consistent findings on its neurobiological underpinnings involve a wide range of neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine, glutamate, and GABA) and neuropeptides (oxytocin), but no comprehensive hypothesis is yet available. In particular, oxytocin is becoming increasingly established as a "prosocial neuropeptide" and, as such, is a major focus of current research, with a great range of therapeutic applications including SAD treatment. Specifically, the amygdala plays a pivotal role in conditioning and processing of fear, and exaggerated amygdala responses in SAD patients have been observed during various social-emotional stimuli. In addition to the amygdala, other brain areas of interest in SAD-related circuitry are represented by the medial prefrontal cortex, dorsal raphe, striatum, locus coeruleus, prefrontal cortex, insular cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. The aim of this review is to provide an update on neurobiological correlates of SAD, with a special focus on neurotransmitters and brain areas possibly involved, and suggestions for future research that could lead to more specific therapeutic interventions.
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59
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Developing zebrafish models relevant to PTSD and other trauma- and stressor-related disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 55:67-79. [PMID: 25138994 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
While post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other trauma- and stress-related disorders (TSRDs) represent a serious societal and public health concern, their pathogenesis is largely unknown. Given the clinical complexity of TSRD development and susceptibility, greater investigation into candidate biomarkers and specific genetic pathways implicated in both risk and resilience to trauma becomes critical. In line with this, numerous animal models have been extensively used to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of PTSD and related TSRD. Here, we discuss the rapidly increasing potential of zebrafish as models of these disorders, and how their use may aid researchers in uncovering novel treatments and therapies in this field.
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60
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Horan WP, Wynn JK, Mathis I, Miller GA, Green MF. Approach and withdrawal motivation in schizophrenia: an examination of frontal brain asymmetric activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110007. [PMID: 25310340 PMCID: PMC4195662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although motivational disturbances are common in schizophrenia, their neurophysiological and psychological basis is poorly understood. This electroencephalography (EEG) study examined the well-established motivational direction model of asymmetric frontal brain activity in schizophrenia. According to this model, relative left frontal activity in the resting EEG reflects enhanced approach motivation tendencies, whereas relative right frontal activity reflects enhanced withdrawal motivation tendencies. Twenty-five schizophrenia outpatients and 25 healthy controls completed resting EEG assessments of frontal asymmetry in the alpha frequency band (8-12 Hz), as well as a self-report measure of behavioral activation and inhibition system (BIS/BAS) sensitivity. Patients showed an atypical pattern of differences from controls. On the EEG measure patients failed to show the left lateralized activity that was present in controls, suggesting diminished approach motivation. On the self-report measure, patients reported higher BIS sensitivity than controls, which is typically interpreted as heightened withdrawal motivation. EEG asymmetry scores did not significantly correlate with BIS/BAS scores or with clinical symptom ratings among patients. The overall pattern suggests a motivational disturbance in schizophrenia characterized by elements of both diminished approach and elevated withdrawal tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Horan
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan K. Wynn
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ian Mathis
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Miller
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Green
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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61
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DuRousseau DR, Beeton TA. System Level spatial-frequency EEG changes coincident with a 90-day cognitive-behavioral therapy program for couples in relationship distress. Brain Imaging Behav 2014; 9:597-608. [PMID: 25274224 PMCID: PMC4575684 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-014-9319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating relationship intervention programs traditionally involves the use of self-report surveys or observational studies to assess changes in behavior. Instead, to investigate intervention-related changes in behavior, our study evaluates spatial-frequency electroencephalography (EEG) patterns from the brains of couples participating in an Imago Relationship workshop and 12 weeks of group counseling sessions lasting approximately 90 days. This explorative study recorded 32-channel EEGs from nine committed distressed couples prior to, during and immediately following the Imago Relationship Therapy program. A repeated measures t-Test approach was applied to investigate if significant group level brain pattern changes could be identified in key resting state networks in the brains of the participants that could be correlated with changes in relationship outcome. The study results show that significant reductions in EEG power in the alpha2, beta3 and gamma bands were evident in the averaged brain activity in the pre-frontal, frontal and temporal-parietal cortices that are anatomically associated with the frontal executive, default mode and salience networks of the human brain. Our current understanding of system level neural connectivity and network dynamics strongly indicates that each of these systems is integrally required in learning and implementing a complex communication process taught in the Imago intervention. Thus, a high degree of hemispheric lateralization is consistent with our understanding of language function and mood regulation in the brain and is consistent with recent research into the use of resting frontal EEG asymmetry as an indicator of behavioral changes in distressed couples undergoing a program for relationship improvement. Although preliminary, these results further indicate that the EEG is an inexpensive and easily quantifiable measure, and possibly predictor, of behavioral changes in response to a cognitive behavioral intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa A Beeton
- Loudoun Family and Relationship Counseling, Inc., Leesburg, VA, USA.
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62
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Keune PM, Wiedemann E, Schneidt A, Schönenberg M. Frontal brain asymmetry in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): extending the motivational dysfunction hypothesis. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 126:711-20. [PMID: 25097090 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves motivational dysfunction, characterized by excessive behavioral approach tendencies. Frontal brain asymmetry in the alpha band (8-13 Hz) in resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) represents a neural correlate of global motivational tendencies, and abnormal asymmetry, indicating elevated approach motivation, was observed in pediatric and adult patients. To date, the relation between ADHD symptoms, depression and alpha asymmetry, its temporal metric properties and putative gender-specificity remain to be explored. METHODS Adult ADHD patients (n=52) participated in two resting-state EEG recordings, two weeks apart. Asymmetry measures were aggregated across recordings to increase trait specificity. Putative region-specific associations between asymmetry, ADHD symptoms and depression, its gender-specificity and test-retest reliability were examined. RESULTS ADHD symptoms were associated with approach-related asymmetry (stronger relative right-frontal alpha power). Approach-related asymmetry was pronounced in females, and also associated with depression. The latter association was mediated by ADHD symptoms. Test-retest reliability was sufficient. CONCLUSIONS The association between reliably assessable alpha asymmetry and ADHD symptoms supports the motivational dysfunction hypothesis. ADHD symptoms mediating an atypical association between asymmetry and depression may be attributed to depression arising secondary to ADHD. Gender-specific findings require replication. SIGNIFICANCE Frontal alpha asymmetry may represent a new reliable marker of ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M Keune
- Klinikum Bayreuth, Department of Neurology, Hohe Warte 8, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany; Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Department of Physiological Psychology, Bamberg, Germany.
| | - Eva Wiedemann
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Schleichstraße 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Schneidt
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Schleichstraße 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schönenberg
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Schleichstraße 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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63
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Neurophysiological markers that predict and track treatment outcomes in childhood anxiety. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 41:1243-55. [PMID: 23690280 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the cortical processes that mediate cognitive regulation in response to emotion-eliciting stimuli, before and after anxious children participated in a cognitive behavioral therapy program. Electroencephalographic activity was recorded from anxious children (n = 24, 8 males) and comparison children (n = 16, 7 males) at pre-and post-treatment sessions. The change in anxiety T-scores from pre- to post-treatment was used to signify clinical improvement among anxious children (Improvers: n = 11 vs. Non-improvers: n = 13). Event-related potential components were recorded while children performed a Go/No-go task using emotional facial expressions. For the P1 component, believed to reflect attention and/or arousal processes, Non-improvers had greater activation levels relative to Improver and comparison groups at both sessions. Greater P1 amplitudes at pre-treatment predicted non-improvement following treatment. For the frontal N2 component, thought to reflect cognitive control processing, Improvers recruited greater activation from pre- to post-treatment, a change in activation that was predictive of treatment outcome. Non-improvers showed increased cortical activation within the time window of the P1, whether at pre- or post-treatment. These data suggest that heightened perceptual vigilance may have led to poorer outcomes. Improvers showed increased prefrontal activation within the time window of the N2 from pre- to post-treatment. These data suggest that increased cognitive control may have led to improved treatment outcomes. In sum, P1 activation may serve as a predictor of treatment outcome, while N2 activation may serve as an indicator of treatment response.
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64
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Ischebeck M, Endrass T, Simon D, Kathmann N. Altered frontal EEG asymmetry in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychophysiology 2014; 51:596-601. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Ischebeck
- Department of Psychology; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin; Germany
| | - Tanja Endrass
- Department of Psychology; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin; Germany
| | - Daniela Simon
- Department of Psychology; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin; Germany
| | - Norbert Kathmann
- Department of Psychology; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin; Germany
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65
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Hecht D. Cerebral lateralization of pro- and anti-social tendencies. Exp Neurobiol 2014; 23:1-27. [PMID: 24737936 PMCID: PMC3984952 DOI: 10.5607/en.2014.23.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggest that the right-hemisphere (RH) has a relative advantage, over the left-hemisphere (LH), in mediating social intelligence - identifying social stimuli, understanding the intentions of other people, awareness of the dynamics in social relationships, and successful handling of social interactions. Furthermore, a review and synthesis of the literature suggest that pro-social attitudes and behaviors are associated with physiological activity in the RH, whereas unsocial and anti-social tendencies are mediated primarily by the LH. This hemispheric asymmetry is rooted in several neurobiological and functional differences between the two hemispheres. (I) Positive social interactions often require inhibiting one's immediate desires and considering the perspectives and needs of others. Given that self-control is mediated by the RH, pro-social emotions and behaviors are, therefore, inherently associated with the RH as it subserves the brain's self-restraint mechanisms. (II) The RH mediates experiences of vulnerability. It registers the relative clumsiness and motor weakness of the left limbs, and it is involved, more than the LH, in processing threats and mediating fear. Emotional states of vulnerability trigger the need for affiliation and sociality, therefore the RH has a greater role in mediating pro-social attitudes and behaviors. (III) The RH mediates a holistic mode of representing the world. Holistic perception emphasizes similarities rather than differences, takes a long-term perspective, is associated with divergent thinking and seeing other points-of-view, and it mediates a personal mode of relating to people. All these features of holistic perception facilitate a more empathetic attitude toward others and pro-social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hecht
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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66
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Don't stand so close to me: A behavioral and ERP study of preferred interpersonal distance. Neuroimage 2013; 83:761-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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67
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Hecht D. The neural basis of optimism and pessimism. Exp Neurobiol 2013; 22:173-99. [PMID: 24167413 PMCID: PMC3807005 DOI: 10.5607/en.2013.22.3.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our survival and wellness require a balance between optimism and pessimism. Undue pessimism makes life miserable; however, excessive optimism can lead to dangerously risky behaviors. A review and synthesis of the literature on the neurophysiology subserving these two worldviews suggests that optimism and pessimism are differentially associated with the two cerebral hemispheres. High self-esteem, a cheerful attitude that tends to look at the positive aspects of a given situation, as well as an optimistic belief in a bright future are associated with physiological activity in the left-hemisphere (LH). In contrast, a gloomy viewpoint, an inclination to focus on the negative part and exaggerate its significance, low self-esteem as well as a pessimistic view on what the future holds are interlinked with neurophysiological processes in the right-hemisphere (RH). This hemispheric asymmetry in mediating optimistic and pessimistic outlooks is rooted in several biological and functional differences between the two hemispheres. The RH mediation of a watchful and inhibitive mode weaves a sense of insecurity that generates and supports pessimistic thought patterns. Conversely, the LH mediation of an active mode and the positive feedback it receives through its motor dexterity breed a sense of confidence in one's ability to manage life's challenges, and optimism about the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hecht
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
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68
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Koulivand PH, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Gorji A. Lavender and the nervous system. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:681304. [PMID: 23573142 PMCID: PMC3612440 DOI: 10.1155/2013/681304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lavender is traditionally alleged to have a variety of therapeutic and curative properties, ranging from inducing relaxation to treating parasitic infections, burns, insect bites, and spasm. There is growing evidence suggesting that lavender oil may be an effective medicament in treatment of several neurological disorders. Several animal and human investigations suggest anxiolytic, mood stabilizer, sedative, analgesic, and anticonvulsive and neuroprotective properties for lavender. These studies raised the possibility of revival of lavender therapeutic efficacy in neurological disorders. In this paper, a survey on current experimental and clinical state of knowledge about the effect of lavender on the nervous system is given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Khaleghi Ghadiri
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- Razavi Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad 9198613636, Iran
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Neurology, 48149 Münster, Germany
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69
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Schmidt LA, Miskovic V. A New Perspective on Temperamental Shyness: Differential Susceptibility to Endoenvironmental Influences. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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70
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Briesemeister BB, Tamm S, Heine A, Jacobs AM. Approach the Good, Withdraw from the Bad—A Review on Frontal Alpha Asymmetry Measures in Applied Psychological Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2013.43a039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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71
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α Power, α asymmetry and anterior cingulate cortex activity in depressed males and females. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:1483-91. [PMID: 22939462 PMCID: PMC3463760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Left fronto-cortical hypoactivity, thought to reflect reduced activity in approach-related systems, and right parietal hypoactivity, associated with emotional under-arousal, have been noted in major depressive disorder (MDD). Altered theta activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has also been associated with the disorder. We assessed resting frontal and parietal alpha asymmetry and power in non-medicated MDD (N = 53; 29 females) and control (N = 43; 23 females) individuals. Theta activity was examined using standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) in the ACC [BA24ab and BA32 comprising the rostral ACC and BA25/subgenual (sg) ACC]. The MDD group, and particularly depressed males, displayed increased overall frontal and parietal alpha power and left midfrontal hypoactivity (alpha(2)-indexed). They also exhibited increased sgACC theta(2) activity. MDD females had increased right parietal activity, suggesting increased emotive arousal. Thus, unmedicated depressed adults were characterized by lower activity in regions implicated in approach/positive affective tendencies as well as diffuse cortical hypoarousal, though sex specific modulations emerged. Altered theta in the sgACC may reflect emotion regulation abnormalities in MDD.
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72
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Knott V, Thompson A, Shah D, Ilivitsky V. Neural expression of nicotine's antidepressant properties during tryptophan depletion: an EEG study in healthy volunteers at risk for depression. Biol Psychol 2012; 91:190-200. [PMID: 22743591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine amelioration of serotonergically mediated mood dysregulation may contribute to the comorbidity between cigarette smoking and depression, a disorder which is associated with aberrant activation and hemispheric asymmetry in frontal and posterior cortical regions. This randomized, double-blind study in 20 healthy volunteers with a positive family history of depression examined the effects of transdermal nicotine on mood and EEG changes accompanying transient reductions in serotonin induced by acute tryptophan depletion (ATD). Increased self-ratings of depressed mood and elevation in left frontal high alpha power (decreased activation) were evidenced with ATD (vs. balanced mixture) in participants treated with the placebo but not the nicotine treated group. Nicotine alone increased vigor and posterior high alpha bilaterally, and during ATD it prevented the reduction in left frontal high alpha that was evident in the placebo patch group. These findings indicate that in depression prone individuals, nicotine acts to stabilize the mood lowering and associated frontal functional asymmetry elicited by an acute decrease in brain serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verner Knott
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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73
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Segarra AB, Prieto I, Banegas I, Villarejo AB, Wangensteen R, de Gasparo M, Vives F, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Asymmetrical effect of captopril on the angiotensinase activity in frontal cortex and plasma of the spontaneously hypertensive rats: Expanding the model of neuroendocrine integration. Behav Brain Res 2012; 230:423-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Schmidt LA, Santesso DL, Miskovic V, Mathewson KJ, McCabe RE, Antony MM, Moscovitch DA. Test–retest reliability of regional electroencephalogram (EEG) and cardiovascular measures in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Int J Psychophysiol 2012; 84:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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75
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Miskovic V, Schmidt LA. Social fearfulness in the human brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:459-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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