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Donzella S, Cucchetti D, Capusoni C, Rizzi A, Galafassi S, Chiara G, Compagno C. Engineering cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA synthesis decouples lipid production from nitrogen starvation in the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium azoricum. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:199. [PMID: 31727065 PMCID: PMC6854766 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleaginous yeasts are able to accumulate very high levels of neutral lipids especially under condition of excess of carbon and nitrogen limitation (medium with high C/N ratio). This makes necessary the use of two-steps processes in order to achieve high level of biomass and lipid. To simplify the process, the decoupling of lipid synthesis from nitrogen starvation, by establishing a cytosolic acetyl-CoA formation pathway alternative to the one catalysed by ATP-citrate lyase, can be useful. RESULTS In this work, we introduced a new cytoplasmic route for acetyl-CoA (AcCoA) formation in Rhodosporidium azoricum by overexpressing genes encoding for homologous phosphoketolase (Xfpk) and heterologous phosphotransacetylase (Pta). The engineered strain PTAPK4 exhibits higher lipid content and produces higher lipid concentration than the wild type strain when it was cultivated in media containing different C/N ratios. In a bioreactor process performed on glucose/xylose mixture, to simulate an industrial process for lipid production from lignocellulosic materials, we obtained an increase of 89% in final lipid concentration by the engineered strain in comparison to the wild type. This indicates that the transformed strain can produce higher cellular biomass with a high lipid content than the wild type. The transformed strain furthermore evidenced the advantage over the wild type in performing this process, being the lipid yields 0.13 and 0.05, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results show that the overexpression of homologous Xfpk and heterologous Pta activities in R. azoricum creates a new cytosolic AcCoA supply that decouples lipid production from nitrogen starvation. This metabolic modification allows improving lipid production in cultural conditions that can be suitable for the development of industrial bioprocesses using lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Donzella
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Capusoni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Rizzi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Galafassi
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Verbania, Italy
| | - Gambaro Chiara
- Eni S.p.A.-Renewable Energy and Environmental R&D Center-Istituto Eni Donegani, Novara, Italy
| | - Concetta Compagno
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Deficiency of β-Glucosidase Beneficial for the Simultaneous Saccharification and Lipid Production by the Oleaginous Yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:745-757. [PMID: 31485895 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It is inevitably for cellobiose to be co-generated during enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, especially when the cellulase is lack of β-glucosidase activity. In the present study, cellobiose was found superior to glucose for cell growth by L. starkeyi, regardless of the sugar concentrations. Glucose was assimilated preferentially when cellobiose and glucose were co-fermented. Deficiency of β-glucosidase was observed to be beneficial for the simultaneous saccharification and lipid production (SSLP). High lipid titer and cellulose conversion of 9.1 g/L and 92.4%, respectively, were achieved when cellulase with low β-glucosidase activity was supplemented. The SSLP achieved higher lipid titer of 9.5 g/L when a pre-hydrolysis process was introduced. The glucosidase generated by L. starkeyi was primarily cell-bound, which contributed significantly to the cellobiose utilization and the high lipid production. These results provided a novel scheme for enhanced lipid production from lignocellulosic biomass with reduced enzyme usage, which is believed to facilitate the design of a more cost-effective lignocellulose-to-lipid route.
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53
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High cell density cultivation of Lipomyces starkeyi for achieving highly efficient lipid production from sugar under low C/N ratio. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wang Y, Yan R, Tang L, Zhu L, Zhu D, Bai F. Dimorphism of Trichosporon cutaneum and impact on its lipid production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:203. [PMID: 31485269 PMCID: PMC6714079 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, Trichosporon cutaneum can metabolize pentose sugars more efficiently, and in the meantime is more tolerant to inhibitors, which is suitable for lipid production from lignocellulosic biomass. However, this species experiences dimorphic transition between yeast-form cells and hyphae during submerged fermentation, which consequently affects the rheology and mass transfer performance of the fermentation broth and its lipid production. RESULTS The strain T. cutaneum B3 was cultured with medium composed of yeast extract, glucose and basic minerals. The experimental results indicated that yeast-form morphology was developed when yeast extract was supplemented at 1 g/L, but hyphae were observed when yeast extract supplementation was increased to 3 g/L and 5 g/L, respectively. We speculated that difference in nitrogen supply to the medium might be a major reason for the dimorphic transition, which was confirmed by the culture with media supplemented with yeast extract at 1 g/L and urea at 0.5 g/L and 1.0 g/L to maintain total nitrogen at same levels as that detected in the media with yeast extract supplemented at 3 g/L and 5 g/L. The morphological change of T. cutaneum B3 affected not only the content of intracellular lipids but also their composition, due to its impact on the rheology and oxygen mass transfer performance of the fermentation broth, and more lipids with less polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid (C18:2) were produced by the yeast-form cells. When T. cutaneum B3 was cultured at an aeration rate of 1.5 vvm for 72 h with the medium composed of 60 g/L glucose, 3 g/L yeast extract and basic minerals, 27.1 g (dry cell weight)/L biomass was accumulated with the lipid content of 46.2%, and lipid productivity and yield were calculated to be 0.174 g/L/h and 0.21 g/g, respectively. Comparative transcriptomics analysis identified differently expressed genes for sugar metabolism and lipid synthesis as well as signal transduction for the dimorphic transition of T. cutaneum B3. CONCLUSIONS Assimilable nitrogen was validated as one of the major reasons for the dimorphic transition between yeast-form morphology and hyphae with T. cutaneum, and the yeast-form morphology was more suitable for lipid production at high content with less polyunsaturated fatty acids as feedstock for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Riming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, School of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Rd., Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Lijuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, School of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Rd., Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Libin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, School of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Rd., Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Du Zhu
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd., Nanchang, 330013 China
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, School of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Rd., Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Fengwu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240 China
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Pomraning KR, Collett JR, Kim J, Panisko EA, Culley DE, Dai Z, Deng S, Hofstad BA, Butcher MG, Magnuson JK. Transcriptomic analysis of the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi during lipid accumulation on enzymatically treated corn stover hydrolysate. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:162. [PMID: 31289462 PMCID: PMC6593508 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient and economically viable production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass is dependent on mechanical and chemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of plant material. These processing steps yield simple sugars as well as plant-derived and process-added organic acids, sugar-derived dehydration products, aldehydes, phenolics and other compounds that inhibit the growth of many microorganisms. Lipomyces starkeyi is an oleaginous yeast capable of robust growth on a variety of sugars and lipid accumulation on pretreated lignocellulosic substrates making it attractive as an industrial producer of biofuels. Here, we examined gene expression during batch growth and lipid accumulation in a 20-L bioreactor with either a blend of pure glucose and xylose or pretreated corn stover (PCS) that had been enzymatically hydrolyzed as the carbon sources. RESULTS We monitored sugar and ammonium utilization as well as biomass accumulation and found that growth of L. starkeyi is inhibited with PCS hydrolysate as the carbon source. Both acetic acid and furfural are present at concentrations toxic to L. starkeyi in PCS hydrolysate. We quantified gene expression at seven time-points for each carbon source during batch growth and found that gene expression is similar at physiologically equivalent points. Analysis of promoter regions revealed that gene expression during the transition to lipid accumulation is regulated by carbon and nitrogen catabolite repression, regardless of carbon source and is associated with decreased expression of the translation machinery and suppression of the cell cycle. We identified 73 differentially expressed genes during growth phase in the bioreactor that may be involved in detoxification of corn stover hydrolysate. CONCLUSIONS Growth of L. starkeyi is inhibited by compounds present in PCS hydrolysate. Here, we monitored key metabolites to establish physiologically equivalent comparisons during a batch bioreactor run comparing PCS hydrolysate and purified sugars. L. starkeyi's response to PCS hydrolysate is primarily at the beginning of the run during growth phase when inhibitory compounds are presumably at their highest concentration and inducing the general detoxification response by L. starkeyi. Differentially expressed genes identified herein during growth phase will aid in the improvement of industrial strains capable of robust growth on substrates containing various growth inhibitory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joonhoon Kim
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA USA
| | | | | | - Ziyu Dai
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Shuang Deng
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | | | | | - Jon K. Magnuson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA USA
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Qian X, Gorte O, Chen L, Zhang W, Dong W, Ma J, Jiang M, Xin F, Ochsenreither K. Co-production of single cell oil and gluconic acid using oleaginous Cryptococcus podzolicus DSM 27192. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:127. [PMID: 31139257 PMCID: PMC6528270 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-production of single cell oil (SCO) with value-added products could improve the economic viability of industrial SCO production. The newly isolated oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus podzolicus DSM 27192 was able to co-produce SCO intracellularly and gluconic acid (GA) extracellularly. In this study, the metabolic regulation of carbon distribution between SCO and GA through process optimization was comprehensively investigated. RESULTS The carbon flow distribution between SCO and GA was significantly influenced by the cultivation conditions, such as nitrogen sources, glucose concentration and dissolved oxygen concentration. It was found that organic nitrogen sources were beneficial for SCO accumulation, while GA production was decreased. Dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) was found to enhance SCO accumulation, while high glucose concentration was more favorable for GA accumulation. Hence, a two-stage DOC or glucose concentration-controlled strategy was designed to improve cell growth and direct carbon distribution between SCO and GA. Moreover, C. podzolicus DSM 27192 could degrade its stored lipids to synthesize GA in the late stationary phase, although considerable amounts of glucose remained unconsumed in the culture medium, indicating the importance of fermentation time control in co-production systems. All these observations provide opportunity to favor either the production of SCO or GA or rather their simultaneous production. CONCLUSIONS Co-production of SCO and GA by C. podzolicus DSM 27192 can improve the economical value for microbial lipid-derived biodiesel production. Moreover, the results of the proposed co-production strategy might give guidance for other co-production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Olga Gorte
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Katrin Ochsenreither
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Oleaginous yeasts for sustainable lipid production—from biodiesel to surf boards, a wide range of “green” applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3651-3667. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Zhang X, Chen J, Wu D, Li J, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY. Economical lipid production from Trichosporon oleaginosus via dissolved oxygen adjustment and crude glycerol addition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:288-296. [PMID: 30448680 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on lipid accumulation in Trichosporon oleaginosus has been investigated. The experiment was performed in 15 L fermenters. The dissolved oxygen concentration varied by adjusting the agitation and aeration. High dissolved oxygen level at 50%-60% enhanced cell growth. Maintaining low dissolved oxygen concentration at 20%-30% during lipogenesis phase led to high final lipid content (51%) in Trichosporon oleaginosus. The consumptions of energy and cost of the process were evaluated. The energy consumption in the dissolved oxygen level optimized process was 41% less than that with dissolved oxygen level at 50%-60%. In addition, the cost was also reduced around one time in the dissolved oxygen level optimized process compared to the one with dissolved oxygen level at 50%-60%. The study provided a feasible way of enhancing lipid accumulation in Trichosporon oleaginosus and reducing the consumption of energy and cost of lipid production from Trichosporon oleaginosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China.
| | | | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N104 SEC PO Box 886105 Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA
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Lipid production by Lipomyces starkeyi using sap squeezed from felled old oil palm trunks. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 127:726-731. [PMID: 30642786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability of oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi to efficiently produce lipids when cultivated on sap extracted from felled oil palm trunk (OPT) as a novel inexpensive renewable carbon source was evaluated. OPT sap was found to contain approximately 98 g/L glucose and 32 g/L fructose. Batch fermentations were performed using three different OPT sap medium conditions: regular sap, enriched sap, and enriched sap at pH 5.0. Under all sap medium conditions, the cell biomass and lipid production achieved were approximately 30 g/L and 60% (w/w), respectively. L. starkeyi tolerated acidified medium (initial pH ≈ 3) and produced considerable amounts of ethanol as well as xylitol as by-products. The fatty acid profile of L. starkeyi was remarkably similar to that of palm oil, one of the most common vegetable oil feedstock used in biodiesel production with oleic acid as the major fatty acid followed by palmitic, stearic and linoleic acids.
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60
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Blomqvist J, Pickova J, Tilami SK, Sampels S, Mikkelsen N, Brandenburg J, Sandgren M, Passoth V. Oleaginous yeast as a component in fish feed. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15945. [PMID: 30374026 PMCID: PMC6206134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the replacement of vegetable oil (VO) in aquaculture feed for Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) with oil produced by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi grown in lignocellulose (wheat straw) hydrolysate. VO is extensively used to partially replace fish oil in aquaculture feed, which can be seen as non-sustainable. VO itself is becoming a limited resource. Plant oils are used in many different applications, including food, feed and biodiesel. Its replacement in non-food applications is desirable. For this purpose, yeast cells containing 43% lipids per g dry weight were mechanically disrupted and incorporated into the fish feed. There were no significant differences in this pilot study, regarding weight and length gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, condition factor and hepatosomatic index between the control and the yeast oil fed group. Fatty and amino acid composition of diet from both groups was comparable. Our results in fish demonstrate that it is possible to replace VO by yeast oil produced from lignocellulose, which may broaden the range of raw materials for food production and add value to residual products of agriculture and forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Blomqvist
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jana Pickova
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarvenaz Khalili Tilami
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Husova tř. 458/102, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Sampels
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils Mikkelsen
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jule Brandenburg
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volkmar Passoth
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Lipomyces starkeyi: an emerging cell factory for production of lipids, oleochemicals and biotechnology applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:147. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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62
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Ma Y, Gao Z, Wang Q, Liu Y. Biodiesels from microbial oils: Opportunity and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:631-641. [PMID: 29759818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although biodiesel has been extensively explored as an important renewable energy source, the raw materials-associated cost poses a serious challenge on its large-scale commercial production. The first and second generations of biodiesel are mainly produced from usable raw materials, e.g. edible oils, crops etc. Such a situation inevitably imposes higher demands on land and water usage, which in turn compromise future food and water supply. Obviously, there is an urgent need to explore alternative feedstock, e.g. microbial oils which can be produced by many types of microorganisms including microalgae, fungi and bacteria with the advantages of small footprint, high lipid content and efficient uptake of carbon dioxide. Therefore, this review offers a comprehensive picture of microbial oil-based technology for biodiesel production. The perspectives and directions forward are also outlined for future biodiesel production and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqun Ma
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Zhen Gao
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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63
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Poddar N, Sen R, Martin GJ. Glycerol and nitrate utilisation by marine microalgae Nannochloropsis salina and Chlorella sp. and associated bacteria during mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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64
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Juanssilfero AB, Kahar P, Amza RL, Miyamoto N, Otsuka H, Matsumoto H, Kihira C, Thontowi A, Yopi, Ogino C, Prasetya B, Kondo A. Effect of inoculum size on single-cell oil production from glucose and xylose using oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:695-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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65
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Process optimization involving critical evaluation of oxygen transfer, oxygen uptake and nitrogen limitation for enhanced biomass and lipid production by oleaginous yeast for biofuel application. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1103-1113. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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66
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Lipid production from a mixture of sugarcane top hydrolysate and biodiesel-derived crude glycerol by the oleaginous red yeast, Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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67
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Optimization of C16 and C18 fatty alcohol production by an engineered strain of Lipomyces starkeyi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 45:1-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi was engineered for the production of long-chain fatty alcohols by expressing a fatty acyl-CoA reductase, mFAR1, from Mus musculus. The optimal conditions for production of fatty alcohols by this strain were investigated. Increased carbon-to-nitrogen ratios led to efficient C16 and C18 fatty alcohol production from glucose, xylose and glycerol. Batch cultivation resulted in a titer of 1.7 g/L fatty alcohol from glucose which represents a yield of 28 mg of fatty alcohols per gram of glucose. This relatively high level of production with minimal genetic modification indicates that L. starkeyi may be an excellent host for the bioconversion of carbon-rich waste streams, particularly lignocellulosic waste, to C16 and C18 fatty alcohols.
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Production of Bio-oils from Microbial Biomasses. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77386-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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69
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Gardeli C, Athenaki M, Xenopoulos E, Mallouchos A, Koutinas AA, Aggelis G, Papanikolaou S. Lipid production and characterization by Mortierella (Umbelopsis) isabellina cultivated on lignocellulosic sugars. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:1461-1477. [PMID: 28921786 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To study and characterize the lipids produced by Mortierella (Umbelopsis) isabellina, during its growth on mixtures of glucose and xylose. METHODS AND RESULTS Glucose and xylose were utilized as carbon sources, solely or in blends, under nitrogen-limited conditions, in batch-flask trials (initial sugars at 80 g l-1 ). Significant lipid production (maximum lipid 17·8 g l-1 ; lipid in DCW 61·0% w/w; lipid on glucose consumed 0·23 g g-1 ) occurred on glucose employed solely, while xylose concentration in the growth medium was conversely correlated with lipid accumulation. With increasing xylose concentrations into the blend, lipid storage decreased while xylitol in significant concentrations (up to 24 g l-1 ) was produced. Irrespective of the sugar blend employed, significant quantities of endopolysaccharides were detected in the first growth steps (in the presence of nitrogen into the medium or barely after its disappearance) while lipids were stored thereafter. Neutral lipids, mainly composed of triacylglycerols, were the main microbial lipid fraction. Phospholipids were quantified both through fractionation and subsequent gravimetric determination and also through determination of phosphorus, and it seemed that the second method was more accurate. Phospholipids were mainly composed of phosphatidylcholine and another nonidentified compound presumably being phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine. CONCLUSIONS Mortierella isabellina is suitable to convert lignocellulosic sugars into lipids. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Differentiations between metabolism on xylose and glucose were reported. Moreover, this is one of the first reports indicating extensive analysis of microbial lipids produced by M. isabellina.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gardeli
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M Athenaki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Xenopoulos
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Mallouchos
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A A Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G Aggelis
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - S Papanikolaou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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70
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Ganatsios V, Koutinas AA, Bekatorou A, Panagopoulos V, Banat IM, Terpou A, Kopsahelis N. Porous cellulose as promoter of oil production by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi using mixed agroindustrial wastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:629-634. [PMID: 28810217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced single cell oil (SCO) production by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi DSM 70296, immobilised on delignified porous cellulose, is reported. Pure glucose media were initially used. The effects of substrate pH and treatment temperature were evaluated, showing that 30°C and pH 5.0 were the optimum conditions for SCO production by the immobilised yeast. The immobilisation technique led to increased lipid accumulation and cell growth by 44% and 8%, respectively, in the glucose media, compared to free cells in suspension. This positive effect was also shown when low concentration mixed agro-industrial waste suspensions were used as substrates, leading to 85% enhanced SCO production in comparison with free cells. Higher fatty acid (HFA) analysis showed that yeast immobilisation led to increased formation of unsaturated HFAs (6%) and reduced saturated HFAs (5%) compared to free cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Ganatsios
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece; Department of Oenology and Beverage Technology, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology, 661 00 Kavala, Greece
| | | | - Argyro Bekatorou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
| | | | - Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, BT52 1SA Coleraine, N. Ireland, UK
| | - Antonia Terpou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kopsahelis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
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71
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Lee JE, Vadlani PV, Faubion J. Corn bran bioprocessing: Development of an integrated process for microbial lipids production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:196-203. [PMID: 28666148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of corn bran as a feedstock for microbial lipid production using oleaginous yeast, Trichosporon oleaginosus ATCC20509. Different conditions (solid loading of biomass, acid loading, and pretreatment duration) were applied to optimize pretreatment processes using the Box-Behnken design. The highest sugar yield of 0.53g/g was obtained from corn bran hydrolysates at a pretreatment condition of 5% solid loading and 1% acid loading for 30min. Compared with synthetic media, up to 50% higher lipid accumulations in T. oleaginosus were achieved using corn bran hydrolysates during fermentation. Also, the direct effect of pretreatment condition on the lipid accumulation of T. oleaginosus was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Solid loading of biomass during the pretreatment process significantly affected the fermentation process for lipid accumulation of T. oleaginosus. The RSM model can provide useful information to design an integrated bioconversion platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Lee
- Bioprocessing and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | - Praveen V Vadlani
- Bioprocessing and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jon Faubion
- Bioprocessing and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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72
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Bharathiraja B, Sowmya V, Sridharan S, Yuvaraj D, Jayamuthunagai J, Praveenkumar R. Biodiesel production from microbial oil derived from wood isolate Trichoderma reesei. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 239:538-541. [PMID: 28549810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study Trichoderma reesei, a wood isolate can yield high biomass quantities up to 30g/L, yielding 32.4% of lipids of dry cell weight (DCW). Biodiesel production from Trichoderma reesei involved simple unit operations like filtration and ultrasonication, yet giving good lipid yield with desirable bio-diesel properties. Optimization of ultrasonication conditions was done to ensure maximum lipid extraction. SEM analysis of ultrasonicated samples showed distinct breakage of fungal hyphae. The lipids were found to contain 49.7% saturated fatty acids. Transesterification using chemical and biological catalysts were compared and 96.09% efficiency was observed for lipase-catalyzed transesterification. The bio-diesel properties satisfied ASTM and EN specifications with cetane number: 53.1, iodine value: 63.34g, saponification value: 235.07mg KOH/g, cold flow plugging point: 9.13°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bharathiraja
- Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai 600062, India.
| | - V Sowmya
- Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai 600062, India
| | - Sridevi Sridharan
- Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai 600062, India
| | - D Yuvaraj
- Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai 600062, India
| | - J Jayamuthunagai
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | - R Praveenkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Arunai Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai 606603, India
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73
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Capusoni C, Rodighiero V, Cucchetti D, Galafassi S, Bianchi D, Franzosi G, Compagno C. Characterization of lipid accumulation and lipidome analysis in the oleaginous yeasts Rhodosporidium azoricum and Trichosporon oleaginosus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:281-289. [PMID: 28454002 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The influence of cultural conditions on lipid production was investigated in two species, Trichosporon oleaginosus and Rhodosporidium azoricum. We showed that nitrogen limitation is not the main factor triggering the mechanism of lipid accumulation in T. oleaginosus. Moreover, a scarce availability of oxygen negatively affected lipid synthesis to a lesser extent in T. oleaginosus than in R. azoricum. This highlights how the importance of controlling fermentation parameters is strictly linked to the yeast species employed. We showed that these parameters affect the activity of important enzymes, influencing the metabolic fluxes into different pathways, in particular pentose phosphate pathway and cytoplasmic pyruvate bypass. Furthermore, T. oleaginosus exhibited wider substrate flexibility, faster growth and higher lipid accumulation in fed-batch cultivation. Microbial oils obtained from both yeasts proved a valuable feedstock, alternative to vegetable oils, for advanced diesel biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Capusoni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Galafassi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Bianchi
- Eni S.p.A. - Renewable Energy and Environmental R&D Center-Istituto Eni Donegani, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Concetta Compagno
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
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74
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Xiaoyan L, Yu X, Lv J, Xu J, Xia J, Wu Z, Zhang T, Deng Y. A cost-effective process for the coproduction of erythritol and lipase with Yarrowia lipolytica M53 from waste cooking oil. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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75
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Regulation of Nitrogen Metabolism by GATA Zinc Finger Transcription Factors in Yarrowia lipolytica. mSphere 2017; 2:mSphere00038-17. [PMID: 28217743 PMCID: PMC5311114 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00038-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen source is commonly used to control lipid production in industrial fungi. Here we identified regulators of nitrogen catabolite repression in the oleaginous yeast Y. lipolytica to determine how the nitrogen source regulates lipid metabolism. We show that disruption of both activators and repressors of nitrogen catabolite repression leads to increased lipid accumulation via activation of carbon catabolite repression through an as yet uncharacterized method. Fungi accumulate lipids in a manner dependent on the quantity and quality of the nitrogen source on which they are growing. In the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, growth on a complex source of nitrogen enables rapid growth and limited accumulation of neutral lipids, while growth on a simple nitrogen source promotes lipid accumulation in large lipid droplets. Here we examined the roles of nitrogen catabolite repression and its regulation by GATA zinc finger transcription factors on lipid metabolism in Y. lipolytica. Deletion of the GATA transcription factor genes gzf3 and gzf2 resulted in nitrogen source-specific growth defects and greater accumulation of lipids when the cells were growing on a simple nitrogen source. Deletion of gzf1, which is most similar to activators of genes repressed by nitrogen catabolite repression in filamentous ascomycetes, did not affect growth on the nitrogen sources tested. We examined gene expression of wild-type and GATA transcription factor mutants on simple and complex nitrogen sources and found that expression of enzymes involved in malate metabolism, beta-oxidation, and ammonia utilization are strongly upregulated on a simple nitrogen source. Deletion of gzf3 results in overexpression of genes with GATAA sites in their promoters, suggesting that it acts as a repressor, while gzf2 is required for expression of ammonia utilization genes but does not grossly affect the transcription level of genes predicted to be controlled by nitrogen catabolite repression. Both GATA transcription factor mutants exhibit decreased expression of genes controlled by carbon catabolite repression via the repressor mig1, including genes for beta-oxidation, highlighting the complex interplay between regulation of carbon, nitrogen, and lipid metabolism. IMPORTANCE Nitrogen source is commonly used to control lipid production in industrial fungi. Here we identified regulators of nitrogen catabolite repression in the oleaginous yeast Y. lipolytica to determine how the nitrogen source regulates lipid metabolism. We show that disruption of both activators and repressors of nitrogen catabolite repression leads to increased lipid accumulation via activation of carbon catabolite repression through an as yet uncharacterized method.
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76
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Wei Y, Siewers V, Nielsen J. Cocoa butter-like lipid production ability of non-oleaginous and oleaginous yeasts under nitrogen-limited culture conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3577-3585. [PMID: 28168314 PMCID: PMC5395598 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cocoa butter (CB) extracted from cocoa beans is the main raw material for chocolate production. However, growing chocolate demands and limited CB production has resulted in a shortage of CB supply. CB is mainly composed of three different kinds of triacylglycerols (TAGs), POP (C16:0–C18:1–C16:0), POS (C16:0–C18:1–C18:0), and SOS (C18:0–C18:1–C18:0). The storage lipids of yeasts, mainly TAGs, also contain relative high-level of C16 and C18 fatty acids and might be used as CB-like lipids (CBL). In this study, we cultivated six different yeasts, including one non-oleaginous yeast strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7D, and five oleaginous yeast strains, Trichosporon oleaginosus DSM11815, Rhodotorula graminis DSM 27356, Lipomyces starkeyi DSM 70296, Rhodosporidium toruloides DSM 70398, and Yarrowia lipolytica CBS 6124, in nitrogen-limited medium and compared their CBL production ability. Under the same growth conditions, we found that TAGs were the main lipids in all six yeasts and that T. oleaginosus can produce more TAGs than the other five yeasts. Less than 3% of the total TAGs were identified as potential SOS in the six yeasts. However, T. oleaginosus produced 27.8% potential POP and POS at levels of 378 mg TAGs/g dry cell weight, hinting that this yeast may have potential as a CBL production host after further metabolic engineering in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Wei
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Verena Siewers
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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77
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Bredeweg EL, Pomraning KR, Dai Z, Nielsen J, Kerkhoven EJ, Baker SE. A molecular genetic toolbox for Yarrowia lipolytica. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:2. [PMID: 28066508 PMCID: PMC5210315 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yarrowia lipolytica is an ascomycete yeast used in biotechnological research for its abilities to secrete high concentrations of proteins and accumulate lipids. Genetic tools have been made in a variety of backgrounds with varying similarity to a comprehensively sequenced strain. RESULTS We have developed a set of genetic and molecular tools in order to expand capabilities of Y. lipolytica for both biological research and industrial bioengineering applications. In this work, we generated a set of isogenic auxotrophic strains with decreased non-homologous end joining for targeted DNA incorporation. Genome sequencing, assembly, and annotation of this genetic background uncovers previously unidentified genes in Y. lipolytica. To complement these strains, we constructed plasmids with Y. lipolytica-optimized superfolder GFP for targeted overexpression and fluorescent tagging. We used these tools to build the "Yarrowia lipolytica Cell Atlas," a collection of strains with endogenous fluorescently tagged organelles in the same genetic background, in order to define organelle morphology in live cells. CONCLUSIONS These molecular and isogenetic tools are useful for live assessment of organelle-specific protein expression, and for localization of lipid biosynthetic enzymes or other proteins in Y. lipolytica. This work provides the Yarrowia community with tools for cell biology and metabolism research in Y. lipolytica for further development of biofuels and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. Bredeweg
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354 USA
- Department of Energy, Battelle EMSL, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Kyle R. Pomraning
- Chemical & Biological Process Development Group, Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Chemical & Biological Process Development Group, Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Eduard J. Kerkhoven
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Scott E. Baker
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354 USA
- Department of Energy, Battelle EMSL, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
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78
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Diethard M, Gasser B, Egermeier M, Marx H, Sauer M. Industrial Microorganisms: Saccharomyces cerevisiaeand other Yeasts. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527807796.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mattanovich Diethard
- BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Department of Biotechnology; Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH); Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Brigitte Gasser
- BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Department of Biotechnology; Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH); Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Michael Egermeier
- BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Department of Biotechnology; Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
- BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol; Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Hans Marx
- BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Department of Biotechnology; Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Michael Sauer
- BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Department of Biotechnology; Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH); Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
- BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol; Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
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79
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Lamers D, van Biezen N, Martens D, Peters L, van de Zilver E, Jacobs-van Dreumel N, Wijffels RH, Lokman C. Selection of oleaginous yeasts for fatty acid production. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:45. [PMID: 27233820 PMCID: PMC4884388 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oleaginous yeast species are an alternative for the production of lipids or triacylglycerides (TAGs). These yeasts are usually non-pathogenic and able to store TAGs ranging from 20 % to 70 % of their cell mass depending on culture conditions. TAGs originating from oleaginous yeasts can be used as the so-called second generation biofuels, which are based on non-food competing “waste carbon sources”. Results In this study the selection of potentially new interesting oleaginous yeast strains is described. Important selection criteria were: a broad maximum temperature and pH range for growth (robustness of the strain), a broad spectrum of carbon sources that can be metabolized (preferably including C-5 sugars), a high total fatty acid content in combination with a low glycogen content and genetic accessibility. Conclusions Based on these selection criteria, among 24 screened species, Schwanniomyces occidentalis (Debaromyces occidentalis) CBS2864 was selected as a promising strain for the production of high amounts of lipids. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0276-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lamers
- HAN BioCentre, University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 6960, , 6503 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8129, , 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nick van Biezen
- HAN BioCentre, University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 6960, , 6503 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Martens
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8129, , 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Peters
- HAN BioCentre, University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 6960, , 6503 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric van de Zilver
- HAN BioCentre, University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 6960, , 6503 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - René H Wijffels
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8129, , 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,University of Nordland, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, N-8049, Bodø, Norway
| | - Christien Lokman
- HAN BioCentre, University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 6960, , 6503 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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80
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Brandenburg J, Blomqvist J, Pickova J, Bonturi N, Sandgren M, Passoth V. Lipid production from hemicellulose with Lipomyces starkeyi in a pH regulated fed-batch cultivation. Yeast 2016; 33:451-62. [PMID: 26945827 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated lipid production from the hemicellulosic fraction of birch wood by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. Birch wood chips were thermochemically pretreated by hot water extraction, and the liquid phase, containing 45.1 g/l xylose as the major sugar, 13.1 g/l acetic acid and 4.7 g/l furfural, was used for cultivations of L. starkeyi CBS1807. The hydrolysate strongly inhibited yeast growth; the strain could only grow in medium containing 30% hydrolysate at pH 6. At pH 5, growth stopped already upon the addition of about 10% hydrolysate. In fed-batch cultures fed with hydrolysate or a model xylose-acetic acid mixture, co-consumption of xylose and acetic acid was observed, which resulted in a pH increase. This phenomenon was utilized to establish a pH-stat fed-batch cultivation in which, after an initial feeding, hydrolysate or model mixture was connected to the pH-regulation system of the bioreactor. Under these conditions we obtained growth and lipid production in cultures grown on either xylose or glucose during the batch phase. In cultivations fed with model mixture, a maximum lipid content of 60.5% of the cell dry weight (CDW) was obtained; however, not all xylose was consumed. When feeding hydrolysate, growth was promoted and carbon sources were completely consumed, resulting in higher CDW with maximum lipid content of 51.3%. In both cultures the lipid concentration was 8 g/l and a lipid yield of 0.1 g/g carbon source was obtained. Lipid composition was similar in all cultivations, with C18:1 and C16:0 being the most abundant fatty acids. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jule Brandenburg
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, BioCentre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Blomqvist
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, BioCentre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jana Pickova
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Science, BioCentre, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nemailla Bonturi
- School of Chemical Engineering, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Department of Materials and Bioprocess Engineering, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, BioCentre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volkmar Passoth
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology, BioCentre, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden
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81
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Karlsson H, Ahlgren S, Sandgren M, Passoth V, Wallberg O, Hansson PA. A systems analysis of biodiesel production from wheat straw using oleaginous yeast: process design, mass and energy balances. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:229. [PMID: 27800015 PMCID: PMC5078929 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biodiesel is the main liquid biofuel in the EU and is currently mainly produced from vegetable oils. Alternative feedstocks are lignocellulosic materials, which provide several benefits compared with many existing feedstocks. This study examined a technical process and its mass and energy balances to gain a systems perspective of combined biodiesel (FAME) and biogas production from straw using oleaginous yeasts. Important process parameters with a determining impact on overall mass and energy balances were identified and evaluated. RESULTS In the base case, 41% of energy in the biomass was converted to energy products, primary fossil fuel use was 0.37 MJprim/MJ produced and 5.74 MJ fossil fuels could be replaced per kg straw dry matter. The electricity and heat produced from burning the lignin were sufficient for process demands except in scenarios where the yeast was dried for lipid extraction. Using the residual yeast cell mass for biogas production greatly increased the energy yield, with biogas contributing 38% of total energy products. CONCLUSIONS In extraction methods without drying the yeast, increasing lipid yield and decreasing the residence time for lipid accumulation are important for the energy and mass balance. Changing the lipid extraction method from wet to dry makes the greatest change to the mass and energy balance. Bioreactor agitation and aeration for lipid accumulation and yeast propagation is energy demanding. Changes in sugar concentration in the hydrolysate and residence times for lipid accumulation greatly affect electricity demand, but have relatively small impacts on fossil energy use (NER) and energy yield (EE). The impact would probably be greater if externally produced electricity were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Karlsson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Serina Ahlgren
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volkmar Passoth
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Wallberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Hansson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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