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Liu Q, Li Y, Hou W, Zhang B, Bao J. Cellulase mediated stress triggers the mutations of oleaginous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum with super-large spindle morphology and high lipid accumulation. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300091. [PMID: 37182226 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of intracellular lipid bodies in oleaginous yeast cells is highly restricted by their natural intracellular space. Here we show a cellulase mediated adaptive evolution with ultra-centrifugation fractionation of oleaginous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum to obtain the favorable cell structure for lipid accumulation. Cellulase was added to the wheat straw hydrolysate during long-term adaptive evolution for disruption of cell wall integrity of T. cutaneum cells. The cellulase, together with ultracentrifugation force, triggered multiple mutations and transcriptional expression changes of the functional genes associated with cell wall integrity and lipid synthesis metabolism. The fractionated mutant T. cutaneum YY52 demonstrated the heavily weakened cell wall and high lipid accumulation by the super-large expanded spindle cells (two orders of magnitude greater than the parental). A record-high lipid production by T. cutaneum YY52 was achieved (55.4 ± 0.5 g L-1 from wheat straw and 58.4 ± 0.1 g L-1 from corn stover). This study not only obtained an oleaginous yeast strain with industrial application potential for lipid production but also provided a new method for generation of mutant cells with high intracellular metabolite accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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2
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Wang Y, Tang LJ, Peng X, Zhang ZB, Yang HL, Yan RM, Zhu D. Transcriptome analysis of the dimorphic transition induced by pH change and lipid biosynthesis in Trichosporon cutaneum. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 47:49-61. [PMID: 31834585 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Trichosporon cutaneum, a dimorphic oleaginous yeast, has immense biotechnological potential, which can use lignocellulose hydrolysates to accumulate lipids. Our preliminary studies on its dimorphic transition suggested that pH can significantly induce its morphogenesis. However, researches on dimorphic transition correlating with lipid biosynthesis in oleaginous yeasts are still limited. In this study, the unicellular yeast cells induced under pH 6.0-7.0 shake flask cultures resulted in 54.32% lipid content and 21.75 g/L dry cell weight (DCW), so lipid production was over threefold than that in hypha cells induced by acidic condition (pH 3.0-4.0). Furthermore, in bioreactor batch cultivation, the DCW and lipid content in unicellular yeast cells can reach 21.94 g/L and 58.72%, respectively, both of which were also more than twofold than that in hypha cells. Moreover, the activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malic enzyme (MAE), isocitrate lyase (ICL) and ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in unicellular cells were all higher than in the hyphal cells. In the meanwhile, the transcriptome data showed that the genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis, carbon metabolism and encoded Rim101 and cAMP-PKA signaling transduction pathways were significantly up-regulated in unicellular cells, which may play an important role in enhancing the lipid accumulation. In conclusion, our results provided insightful information focused on the molecular mechanism of dimorphic transition and process optimization for enhancing lipid accumulation in T. cutaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Li Juan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zhi Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Hui Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Ri Ming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Du Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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Abstract
Sexual development is a key evolutionary innovation of eukaryotes. In many species, mating involves interaction between compatible mating partners that can undergo cell and nuclear fusion and subsequent steps of development including meiosis. Mating compatibility in fungi is governed by the mating type (MAT) loci. In basidiomycetes, the ancestral state is hypothesized to be tetrapolar, with two genetically unlinked MAT loci containing homeodomain transcription factor genes (HD locus) and pheromone and pheromone receptor genes (P/R locus), respectively. Alleles at both loci must differ between mating partners for completion of sexual development. However, there are also basidiomycetes with bipolar mating systems, which can arise through genomic linkage of the HD and P/R loci. In the order Tremellales, bipolarity is found only in the pathogenic Cryptococcus species. Here, we describe the analysis of MAT loci from 24 species of the Trichosporonales, a sister order to the Tremellales. In all of the species analyzed, the MAT loci are fused and a single HD gene is present in each mating type, similar to the organization in the pathogenic Cryptococci. However, the HD and P/R allele combinations in the Trichosporonales are different from those in the pathogenic Cryptococci. This and the existence of tetrapolar species in the Tremellales suggest that fusion of the HD and P/R loci occurred independently in the Trichosporonales and pathogenic Cryptococci, supporting the hypothesis of convergent evolution towards fused MAT regions, similar to previous findings in other fungal groups. Unlike the fused MAT loci in several other basidiomycete lineages though, the gene content and gene order within the fused MAT loci are highly conserved in the Trichosporonales, and there is no apparent suppression of recombination extending from the MAT loci to adjacent chromosomal regions, suggesting different mechanisms for the evolution of physically linked MAT loci in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Sun
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Marco A. Coelho
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Minou Nowrousian
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Muñoz-Palazon B, Hurtado-Martinez M, Maza-Marquez P, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Vahala R, Gonzalez-Martinez A. Microbial ecology dynamics of a partial nitritation bioreactor with Polar Arctic Circle activated sludge operating at low temperature. Chemosphere 2019; 225:73-82. [PMID: 30861385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A lab-scale partial nitritation SBR was operated at 11 °C for 300 days used for the treatment of high-ammonium wastewater, which was inoculated with activated sludge from Rovaniemi WWTP (located in Polar Arctic Circle) in order to evaluate the influence the temperature on the performance, stability and dynamics of its microbial community. The partial nitritation achieved steady-state long-term operation and granulation process was not affected despite the low temperature and high ammonia concentration. The steady conditions were reached after 60 days of operation where the granular biomass was fully-formed and the 50%-50% of ammonium-nitrite effluent was successful achieved. Inoculation with cold adapted inoculum showed to yield bigger, denser granules with faster start-up without necessity of low temperature adaptation period. Next-generation sequences techniques showed that Trichosporonaceae and Xanthomonadaceae were the dominant OTUs in the mature granules. Our study could be useful in the implementation of full-scale partial nitritation reactors in cold regions such as Nordic countries for treating wastewater with high concentration of ammonium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Muñoz-Palazon
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Hurtado-Martinez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Paula Maza-Marquez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Riku Vahala
- Department of Built Environment, School of Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
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Zhang X, Chen J, Wu D, Li J, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY. Economical lipid production from Trichosporon oleaginosus via dissolved oxygen adjustment and crude glycerol addition. Bioresour Technol 2019; 273:288-296. [PMID: 30448680 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on lipid accumulation in Trichosporon oleaginosus has been investigated. The experiment was performed in 15 L fermenters. The dissolved oxygen concentration varied by adjusting the agitation and aeration. High dissolved oxygen level at 50%-60% enhanced cell growth. Maintaining low dissolved oxygen concentration at 20%-30% during lipogenesis phase led to high final lipid content (51%) in Trichosporon oleaginosus. The consumptions of energy and cost of the process were evaluated. The energy consumption in the dissolved oxygen level optimized process was 41% less than that with dissolved oxygen level at 50%-60%. In addition, the cost was also reduced around one time in the dissolved oxygen level optimized process compared to the one with dissolved oxygen level at 50%-60%. The study provided a feasible way of enhancing lipid accumulation in Trichosporon oleaginosus and reducing the consumption of energy and cost of lipid production from Trichosporon oleaginosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China.
| | | | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N104 SEC PO Box 886105 Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA
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Chiu YS, Chen PY, Kuan T, Wang PC, Chen YJ, Yang YL, Yeh HH. A Polysaccharide Derived from a Trichosporon sp. Culture Strongly Primes Plant Resistance to Viruses. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2018; 31:1257-1270. [PMID: 29877166 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-18-0012-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses cause devastating diseases in plants, yet no effective viricide is available for agricultural application. We screened cultured filtrates derived from various soil microorganisms cultured in vegetable broth that enhanced plant viral resistance. A cultured filtrate, designated F8 culture filtrate, derived from a fungus belonging to the genus Trichosporon, induced strong resistance to various viruses on different plants. Our inoculation assay found the infection rate of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-inoculated Nicotiana benthamiana with F8 culture filtrate pretreatment may decrease to 0%, whereas salicylic acid (SA)-pretreated N. benthamiana attenuated TMV-caused symptoms but remained 100% infected. Tracking Tobacco mosaic virus tagged with green fluorescence protein in plants revealed pretreatment with F8 culture filtrate affected the initial establishment of the virus infection. From F8 culture filtrate, we identified a previously unknown polysaccharide composed of D-mannose, D-galactose, and D-glucose in the ratio 1.0:1.2:10.0 with a α-D-1,4-glucan linkage to be responsible for the induction of plant resistance against viruses through priming of SA-governed immune-responsive genes. Notably, F8 culture filtrate only triggered local defense but was much more effective than conventional SA-mediated systematic acquired resistance. Our finding revealed that microbial cultured metabolites provided a rich source for identification of potent elicitors in plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shu Chiu
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
| | - Pi-Yu Chen
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
| | - Tung Kuan
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuan Wang
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Chen
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Yang
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
| | - Hsin-Hung Yeh
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Shen Q, Chen Y, Lin H, Wang Q, Zhao Y. Agro-industrial waste recycling by Trichosporon fermentans: conversion of waste sweetpotato vines alone into lipid. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:8793-8799. [PMID: 29327194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Agro-industrial waste can be used to replace traditional carbohydrates, such as sucrose, starch, and glucose in many industrial fermentation processes. This study investigated the conversion of pre-treated waste sweetpotato vines (SV) into lipid by Trichosporon fermentans under the separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes. The results showed that SV autoclaving significantly increased the lipid accumulation of T. fermentans compared with acid or alkaline hydrolysis. The effects of different pre-treatments on SV were also studied by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which showed the partial removal of the aliphatic fractions, hemicelluloses, and lignin during pre-treatment. Moreover, the lipid yield of T. fermentans in SSF was 6.98 g L-1, which was threefold higher than that (2.79 g L-1) in SHF, and the lipid contents of yeast in SSF and SHF were 36 and 25%, respectively. Overall, this study indicated that SSF using autoclaved SV could increase the growth and lipid production of T. fermentans and provided an efficient way to realize the resource utilization of waste SV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lin
- Institute of Environment Resource and Soil Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Cordeiro RDA, Weslley Caracas Cedro E, Raquel Colares Andrade A, Serpa R, José de Jesus Evangelista A, Sales de Oliveira J, Santos Pereira V, Pereira Alencar L, Bruna Leite Mendes P, Cibelle Soares Farias B, Maria Maciel Melo V, Pires de Camargo Z, de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco D, Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante R, Júlio Costa Sidrim J, Fábio Gadelha Rocha M. Inhibitory effect of a lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis on planktonic and sessile cells of Trichosporon spp. Biofouling 2018; 34:309-319. [PMID: 29560729 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1437617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of a bacterial biosurfactant (TIM96) on clinical strains of Trichosporon. Additionally, the effect of TIM96 on the ergosterol content, cell membrane integrity, and the hydrophobicity of planktonic cells was assessed. The inhibitory activity of TIM96 against Trichosporon biofilms was evaluated by analyzing metabolic activity, biomass and morphology. MIC values ranged from 78.125 to 312.5 μg ml-1 for TIM96; time-kill curves revealed that the decline in the number of fungal cells started after incubation for 6 h with TIM96 at both MIC and 2×MIC. The biosurfactant reduced the cellular ergosterol content and altered the membrane permeability and the surface hydrophobicity of planktonic cells. Incubation at 10×MIC TIM96 reduced cell adhesion by up to 96.89%, thus interfering with biofilm formation. This concentration also caused up to a 99.2% reduction in the metabolic activity of mature biofilms. The results indicate potential perspectives for the development of new antifungal strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosana Serpa
- b Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lucas Pereira Alencar
- a Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | | | | | - Vânia Maria Maciel Melo
- c Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- d Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- a Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
- b Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- a Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- a Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
- e School of Veterinary , State University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
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Bhatti SA, Khan MZ, Hassan ZU, Saleemi MK, Saqib M, Khatoon A, Akhter M. Comparative efficacy of Bentonite clay, activated charcoal and Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans in regulating the feed-to-tissue transfer of mycotoxins. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:884-890. [PMID: 28695994 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycotoxins contamination in animal products and by-products is a persistent threat to the food and feed industry. The present study was designed to evaluate the comparative inhibitory effects of Bentonite (BN), activated charcoal (AC) and a newly discovered yeast, Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans (TM), against feed-to-tissue transfer of mycotoxins. RESULTS A dose dependent increase as determined by HPLC, in the residues of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) was exhibited in the groups of birds fed AFB1 and OTA alone. The dietary addition of BN and AC to AFB1-contaminated diets resulted in a 41-87% and 16-72% decrease in AFB1 residues in liver of the birds, respectively. However, this decrease was non-significant with addition of TM as AFB1 binder. A partial to non-significant protection was observed by dietary BN and AC, against OTA residues, while a significant decrease in OTA residues (38-84%) was noted in TM-OTA co-fed groups. CONCLUSION The order of efficacy in terms of lowering AFB1 residues in the liver was BN > AC > TM, while against OTA it was TM > BN > AC. The findings of present study suggest that, based upon the nature of target mycotoxins, a mixture of multi-mycotoxins binders/detoxifiers should be incorporated in the animal feeds. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheraz Ahmed Bhatti
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zargham Khan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ul Hassan
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Saleemi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Masood Akhter
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Yaguchi A, Robinson A, Mihealsick E, Blenner M. Metabolism of aromatics by Trichosporon oleaginosus while remaining oleaginous. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:206. [PMID: 29149902 PMCID: PMC5693591 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oleaginous yeast, Trichosporon oleaginosus, has been extensively studied for its ability to metabolize non-conventional feedstocks. These include phenol-containing waste streams, such as distillery wastewater, or streams consisting of non-conventional sugars, such as hydrolyzed biomass and various bagasse. An initial BLAST search suggests this yeast has putative aromatic metabolizing genes. Given the desirability to valorize underutilized feedstocks such as lignin, we investigated the ability of T. oleaginosus to tolerate and metabolize lignin-derived aromatic compounds. RESULTS Trichosporon oleaginosus can tolerate and metabolize model lignin monoaromatics and associated intermediates within funneling pathways. Growth rates and biomass yield were similar to glucose when grown in 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) and resorcinol, but had an increased lag phase when grown in phenol. Oleaginous behavior was observed using resorcinol as a sole carbon source. Fed-batch feeding resulted in lipid accumulation of 69.5% on a dry weight basis. CONCLUSIONS Though the exact pathway of aromatic metabolism remains to be determined for T. oleaginosus, the results presented in this work motivate use of this organism for lignin valorization and phenolic wastewater bioremediation. Trichosporon oleaginosus is the first yeast shown to be oleaginous while growing on aromatic substrates, and shows great promise as a model industrial microbe for biochemical and biofuel production from depolymerized lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Yaguchi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 206 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Alana Robinson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 206 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Erin Mihealsick
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 206 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Mark Blenner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 206 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, SC 29634 USA
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Cordeiro RDA, Serpa R, Mendes PBL, Evangelista AJDJ, Andrade ARC, Franco JDS, Pereira VDS, Alencar LPD, Oliveira JSD, Camargo ZPD, Lima Neto RGD, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Brilhante RSN, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJC. The HIV aspartyl protease inhibitor ritonavir impairs planktonic growth, biofilm formation and proteolytic activity in Trichosporon spp. Biofouling 2017; 33:640-650. [PMID: 28871863 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1350947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the protease inhibitor ritonavir (RIT) on Trichosporon asahii and Trichosporon inkin. Susceptibility to RIT was assessed by the broth microdilution assay and the effect of RIT on protease activity was evaluated using azoalbumin as substrate. RIT was tested for its anti-biofilm properties and RIT-treated biofilms were assessed regarding protease activity, ultrastructure and matrix composition. In addition, antifungal susceptibility, surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation were evaluated after pre-incubation of planktonic cells with RIT for 15 days. RIT (200 μg ml-1) inhibited Trichosporon growth. RIT (100 μg ml-1) also reduced protease activity of planktonic and biofilm cells, decreased cell adhesion and biofilm formation, and altered the structure of the biofilm and the protein composition of the biofilm matrix. Pre-incubation with RIT (100 μg ml-1) increased the susceptibility to amphotericin B, and reduced surface hydrophobicity and cell adhesion. These results highlight the importance of proteases as promising therapeutic targets and reinforce the antifungal potential of protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosana Serpa
- a Medical Mycology Specialized Center , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- b Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcos Fabio Gadelha Rocha
- a Medical Mycology Specialized Center , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
- d Post Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine , State University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
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12
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Abstract
Oleaginous yeast Trichosporon oleaginosus was studied for lipid production using municipal sludge with or without fortification of crude glycerol in a 15-L fermenter. The maximum lipid content (concentration) was 32.0% w/w (9.35 g/L), 33.6% (10.13 g/L), 33.3% (9.13 g/L), and 33.1% (9.03 g/L) w/w with the addition of 25, 50, 100, and 150 g/L glycerol, respectively. Glycerol concentration had little effect on lipid accumulation. However, glycerol concentration substantially affected increase of biomass concentration and cell count. The suitable glycerol concentration was approximately 40 g/L for Trichosporon oleaginosus growing in sludge medium with initial suspended solids (SS) concentration 30 g/L. Addition of nitrogen to sludge-glycerol medium enhanced lipid and biomass concentration. The energy conversion efficiency was 1.78, 1.55, and 1.71 with no nitrogen added, with addition of 1 g/L urea, and 3.7 g/L peptone, respectively. The biodiesel production cost was estimated nearly 0.75 US$/L.
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13
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Wang J, Gao Q, Zhang H, Bao J. Inhibitor degradation and lipid accumulation potentials of oleaginous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum using lignocellulose feedstock. Bioresour Technol 2016; 218:892-901. [PMID: 27441826 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Oleaginous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum is robust to high levels of lignocellulose derived inhibitor compounds with considerable lipid accumulation capacity. The potential of lipid accumulation of T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 was investigated using corn stover hydrolysates with varying sugar and inhibitor concentrations. Biodiesel was synthesized using the extracted lipid and the product satisfied the ASTM standards. Among the typical inhibitors, T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 is relatively sensitive to furfural and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, but strongly tolerant to high titers of formic acid, acetic acid, levulinic acid, HMF, vanillin, and syringaldehyde. It is capable of complete degradation of formic acid, acetic acid, vanillin and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Finally, the inhibitor degradation pathways of T. cutaneum ACCC 20271 were constructed based on the newly sequenced whole genome information and the experimental results. The study provided the first insight to the inhibitor degradation of T. cutaneum and demonstrated the potentials of lipid production from lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiuqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huizhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Nhi-Cong LT, Mai CTN, Minh NN, Ha HP, Lien DT, Tuan DV, Quyen DV, Ike M, Uyen DTT. Degradation of sec-hexylbenzene and its metabolites by a biofilm-forming yeast Trichosporon asahii B1 isolated from oil-contaminated sediments in Quangninh coastal zone, Vietnam. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2015; 51:267-275. [PMID: 26654204 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1094351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This article reports on the ability of yeast Trichosporon asahii B1 biofilm-associated cells, compared with that of planktonic cells, to transform sec-hexylbenzene and its metabolites. This B1 strain was isolated from a petroleum-polluted sediment collected in the QuangNinh coastal zones in Vietnam, and it can transform the branched aromatic hydrocarbons into a type of forming biofilm (pellicle) more efficiency than that the planktonic forms can. In the biofilm cultivation, seven metabolites, including acetophenone, benzoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, β-methylcinnamic acid, 2-phenylpropionic acid, 3-phenylbutyric acid, and 5-phenylhexanoic acid were extracted by ethyl acetate and analyzed by HPLC and GC-MS. In contrast, in the planktonic cultivation, only three of these intermediates were found. An individual metabolite was independently used as an initial substrate to prove its degradation by biofilm and planktonic types. The degradation of these products indicated that their inoculation with B1 biofilms was indeed higher than that observed in their inoculation with B1 planktonic cells. This is the first report on the degradation of sec-hexylbenzene and its metabolites by a biofilm-forming Trichosporon asahii strain. These results enhance our understanding of the degradation of branched-side-chain alkylbenzenes by T. asahii B1 biofilms and give a new insight into the potential role of biofilms formed by such species in the bioremediation of other recalcitrant aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Nhi-Cong
- a Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , CauGiay , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Cung Thi Ngoc Mai
- a Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , CauGiay , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Nghiem Ngoc Minh
- b Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , CauGiay , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Hoang Phuong Ha
- a Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , CauGiay , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Lien
- a Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , CauGiay , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Do Van Tuan
- c Deparment of Agri-forestry , Son La College , Son La City , Vietnam
| | - Dong Van Quyen
- a Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , CauGiay , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Michihiko Ike
- d Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Do Thi To Uyen
- a Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , CauGiay , Hanoi , Vietnam
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15
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Shen Q, Lin H, Wang Q, Fan X, Yang Y, Zhao Y. Sweetpotato vines hydrolysate promotes single cell oils production of Trichosporon fermentans in high-density molasses fermentation. Bioresour Technol 2015; 176:249-256. [PMID: 25461010 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the co-fermentation of molasses and sweetpotato vine hydrolysate (SVH) by Trichosporon fermentans. T. fermentans showed low lipid accumulation on pure molasses; however, its lipid content increased by 35% when 10% SVH was added. The strong influence of SVH on lipid production was further demonstrated by the result of sensitivity analysis on effects of factors based on an artificial neural network model because the relative importance value of SVH dosage for lipid production was only lower than that of fermentation time. Scanning electron microscope observation and flow cytometry of yeast cells grown in culture with and without SVH showed that less deformation cells were involved in the culture with SVH. The activity of malic enzyme, which plays a key role in fatty acid synthesis, increased from 2.4U/mg to 3.7U/mg after SVH added. All results indicated SVH is a good supplement for lipid fermentation on molasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Institute of Environment Resource and Soil Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoping Fan
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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16
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Zhang X, Yan S, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY, Valéro JR. Ultrasonication aided in-situ transesterification of microbial lipids to biodiesel. Bioresour Technol 2014; 169:175-180. [PMID: 25050978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In-situ transesterification of microbial lipid to biodiesel has been paid substantial attention due to the fact that the lipid extraction and transesterification can be conducted in one-stage process. To improve the feasibility of in-situ transesterification, ultrasonication was employed to reduce methanol requirement and reaction time. The results showed that the use of ultrasonication could achieve high conversion of lipid to FAMEs (92.1% w lipid conversion/w total lipids) with methanol to lipid molar ratio 60:1 and NaOH addition 1% w/w lipid in 20 min, while methanol to lipid molar ratio 360:1, NaOH addition 1% w/w lipid, and reaction time 12h was required to obtain similar yield in in-situ transesterification without ultrasonication. The compositions of FAMEs obtained in case of ultrasonication aided in-situ transesterification were similar as that of two-stage extraction followed by transesterification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Song Yan
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | | | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N104 SEC, PO Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA
| | - Jose R Valéro
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
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17
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Gao Q, Cui Z, Zhang J, Bao J. Lipid fermentation of corncob residues hydrolysate by oleaginous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. Bioresour Technol 2013; 152:552-6. [PMID: 24321292 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Corncob residues (CCR) are cellulose residues of corncob after xylan (hemicellulose) is extracted for production of xylitol. Here, an oleaginous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum ACCC 20271 was screened for lipid fermentation using CCR hydrolysate. The initial carbon-to-nitrogen molar ratio (C/N ratio) and the initial sugar concentration of the CCR hydrolysate were investigated in the lipid fermentation of T. cutaneum ACCC 20271. A C/N ratio gradient was generated by changing the corn steep liquor (CSL) addition and an optimal C/N ratio of 49.3 was obtained. The different initial sugar concentration was obtained by changing the cellulase amount and the lipid titer was enhanced by the increased sugar concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first report on using CCR as the feedstock for lipid fermentation. The lipid titer of 12.3g/L and dry cell weight (DCW) of 38.4 g/L were the highest values among the studies using lignocellulose for lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenyang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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18
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Wong CS, Koh CL, Sam CK, Chen JW, Chong YM, Yin WF, Chan KG. Degradation of bacterial quorum sensing signaling molecules by the microscopic yeast Trichosporon loubieri isolated from tropical wetland waters. Sensors (Basel) 2013; 13:12943-57. [PMID: 24072030 PMCID: PMC3859043 DOI: 10.3390/s131012943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteobacteria produce N-acylhomoserine lactones as signaling molecules, which will bind to their cognate receptor and activate quorum sensing-mediated phenotypes in a population-dependent manner. Although quorum sensing signaling molecules can be degraded by bacteria or fungi, there is no reported work on the degradation of such molecules by basidiomycetous yeast. By using a minimal growth medium containing N-3-oxohexanoylhomoserine lactone as the sole source of carbon, a wetland water sample from Malaysia was enriched for microbial strains that can degrade N-acylhomoserine lactones, and consequently, a basidiomycetous yeast strain WW1C was isolated. Morphological phenotype and molecular analyses confirmed that WW1C was a strain of Trichosporon loubieri. We showed that WW1C degraded AHLs with N-acyl side chains ranging from 4 to 10 carbons in length, with or without oxo group substitutions at the C3 position. Re-lactonisation bioassays revealed that WW1C degraded AHLs via a lactonase activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of degradation of N-acyl-homoserine lactones and utilization of N-3-oxohexanoylhomoserine as carbon and nitrogen source for growth by basidiomycetous yeast from tropical wetland water; and the degradation of bacterial quorum sensing molecules by an eukaryotic yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Siang Wong
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (C.-S.W.); (J.W.C.); (Y.M.C.); (W.-F.Y.)
| | - Chong-Lek Koh
- Natural Sciences and Science Education AG, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore; E-Mails: (C.-L.K.); (C.-K.S.)
| | - Choon-Kook Sam
- Natural Sciences and Science Education AG, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore; E-Mails: (C.-L.K.); (C.-K.S.)
| | - Jian Woon Chen
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (C.-S.W.); (J.W.C.); (Y.M.C.); (W.-F.Y.)
| | - Yee Meng Chong
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (C.-S.W.); (J.W.C.); (Y.M.C.); (W.-F.Y.)
| | - Wai-Fong Yin
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (C.-S.W.); (J.W.C.); (Y.M.C.); (W.-F.Y.)
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (C.-S.W.); (J.W.C.); (Y.M.C.); (W.-F.Y.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +603-7967-5162; Fax: +603-7967-4509
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19
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Chen XF, Huang C, Yang XY, Xiong L, Chen XD, Ma LL. Evaluating the effect of medium composition and fermentation condition on the microbial oil production by Trichosporon cutaneum on corncob acid hydrolysate. Bioresour Technol 2013; 143:18-24. [PMID: 23774292 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of medium composition and cultural condition on the growth and lipid accumulation of oleaginous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum on corncob acid hydrolysate was systematically investigated. Glucose, xylose, and cellobiose were shown to be promising sugar for lipid production by T. cutaneum. Adding other nitrogen sources into the hydrolysate was not beneficial for the lipid production possibly due to the existence of other nitrogen sources in it. Interestingly, adding MgSO4·7H2O, CuSO4·5H2O, MnSO4·H2O, and KCl (optimal concentration were 0.3, 3.0×10(-3), 3.0×10(-3), and 0.4 g/L, respectively) could stimulate the lipid production by T. cutaneum. Additionally, inoculum concentration, temperature, and initial pH (optimal value were 5%, 28 °C, and 6.0, respectively) showed influence on the lipid production of T. cutaneum. Under the optimum conditions, the biomass (22.9 g/L) had a weak increase (3.6%), while the lipid content (45.4%) and lipid coefficient (22.9%) increased obviously (about 26.5% and 31.6%) compared with the initial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fang Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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20
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Lakshmi V, Das N. Removal of caffeine from industrial wastewater using Trichosporon asahii. J Environ Biol 2013; 34:701-708. [PMID: 24640246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), a natural alkaloid present mainly in tea and coffee products has been suggested as an environmental pollutant. Decaffeination is an important process for the removal of caffeine from coffee industrial wastes. In the present study, caffeine removal (through degradation) by yeast isolate, Trichosporon asahii immobilized on various conventional matrices (sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan, agar and agarose) was investigated using the method of entrapment. The biofilm forming ability of T. asahii was monitored by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Exopolysaccharide produced by T asahii biofilm was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and HPLC analysis. Caffeine removal from coffee processing industrial effluent was found to be 75 and 80 % by alginate immobilized yeast and yeast biofilm formed on gravels over a period of 48 hr in batch mode. Effectiveness of the process was also tested involving the continuous--flow column studies.
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Zhan J, Lin H, Shen Q, Zhou Q, Zhao Y. Potential utilization of waste sweetpotato vines hydrolysate as a new source for single cell oils production by Trichosporon fermentans. Bioresour Technol 2013; 135:622-629. [PMID: 22985824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysate of sweetpotato vines (SVH) characterized as an effective nutrients supplier with low nitrogen availability was firstly used as a substrate by Trichosporon fermentans for single cell oils (SCOs) production. Batch-fermentation experiments on various SVH based media suggested that co-fermentation of SVH and some high-sugar content substrates would be much more efficient and less-cost for SCOs production. A lipid yield of 9.6 g l(-1) with a lipid content of 35.6% was achieved on the SVH without any addition, while 27.6 and 17.7 g l(-1) lipid were respectively obtained on the fructose supplemented SVH media and the SVH mixed with acid treated wheat straw hydrolysate (WSH). The positive effect of SVH on the lipid production of T. fermentans was further demonstrated with a kinetic investigation revealing that SVH had a remarkable promoting effect on the biomass formation and the substrate uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumei Zhan
- Institute of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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22
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Shen Q, Lin H, Zhan J, Wang Q, Zhao Y. Sweetpotato vines hydrolysate induces glycerol to be an effective substrate for lipid production of Trichosporon fermentans. Bioresour Technol 2013; 136:725-9. [PMID: 23566467 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
By co-fermented with sweetpotato vines hydrolysate (SVH), glycerol can be used as an effective substrate for Trichosporon fermentans to produce lipids. Submerged fermentation results showed that T. fermentans exhibited a maximum lipid yield of 7.45 g l(-1) with a biomass of 17.95 g l(-1) on 10% SVH added glycerol mineral medium (Glycerol MM-10% SVH), which was 4.34-fold higher than that on glycerol mineral medium. Lipids produced on glycerol based media exhibited a significantly different fatty acid composition profile from that produced on sugar based media accompanying by a sharp increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids content. Biochemical behaviors characterization further demonstrated that SVH has a remarkable promoting effect on the biomass formation and glycerol uptake. The extremely high lipid yield on Glycerol MM-10% SVH was mainly attributed to the enhancement of SVH on biomass, although SVH is an excellent nutrient supplier for lipid accumulation due to its low nitrogen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- Institute of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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23
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Yan R, Ai Z, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zeng Q, Du Z. [Improved production of microbial lipids in the two-liquid phase fermentation system]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2013; 29:536-539. [PMID: 23894827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we developed a two-liquid phase fermentation system by adding 1% n-dodecane as oxygen-vector to enhance the microbial lipids productivity of Trichosporon fermentans using cassava starch hydrolysate. Results suggest that the oxygen-vector could alleviate the oxygen shortage in flask fermentation. The cell mass and lipids concentration were 101.2 g/L and 50.28 respectively in 2 L fermenter with the presence of 1% n-dodecane. Additionally, gas chromatography analysis also reveals that the microbial lipids produced by T. fermentans contained a higher percentage of saturated fatty acid in the oxygen-vector case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, China
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24
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Liu Z, Gao Y, Chen J, Imanaka T, Bao J, Hua Q. Analysis of metabolic fluxes for better understanding of mechanisms related to lipid accumulation in oleaginous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. Bioresour Technol 2013; 130:144-51. [PMID: 23306122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fermentation for producing biodiesel from lignocellulosic hydrolysates is receiving increasing attention and attempts have been made to screen an oleaginous Trichosporon sp. with high lipid content and a strong tolerance to lignocellulose hydrolysates. In order to better understand mechanisms related to its lipid accumulation, metabolic flux analysis was performed under 5gL(-1) ammonium sulfate (high nitrogen) and/or 0.4gL(-1) ammonium sulfate (low nitrogen) conditions. Cell growth phase and lipid accumulation phase were shown for cells grown under low nitrogen condition. Results of flux distribution demonstrated that NADPH provided by cytosolic malic enzyme and the acetyl-CoA from cytoplasmic citrate by the ATP: citrate lyase were the two primary sources for excess lipid accumulation. Flux data also supported the fact that the citrate pyruvate cycle plays an essential role in the lipid accumulation. The flux information obtained could also motivate new design strategies for oleaginous yeasts for enhanced biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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25
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Huang C, Wu H, Liu LP, Lou WY, Zong MH. Effects of alcohol compounds on the growth and lipid accumulation of oleaginous yeast Trichosporon fermentans. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46975. [PMID: 23071683 PMCID: PMC3465294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitors present in dilute acid-treated lignocellulosic hydrolysates would show great effect on the growth and product formation of microorganisms. To understand their inhibitory law and mechanism on oleaginous microorganism could help improving the efficiency of lignocellulose hydrolysis, detoxification, and lipid fermentation. The effects of four representative alcohol compounds present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, including furfuryl alcohol, vanillyl alcohol, catechol, hydroquinone on the cell growth and lipid accumulation of Trichosporon fermentans were systematically investigated in this work. The toxicity of selected alcohol compounds was well related to their log P value except furfuryl alcohol, whose log P value was the minimum but with the highest toxicity to T. fermentans. The inhibition of all the alcohol compounds on the growth of T. fermentans was more serious than on the lipid synthesis. Also, the growth of T. fermentans was more sensitive to the variation of inoculum size, temperature, and initial pH than lipid synthesis in the presence of alcohol compounds. Initial pH had more profound influence on the lipid fermentation than inoculum size and cultural temperature did. Careful control of fermentation conditions could be helpful for improving lipid yield of T. fermentans in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Among the four alcohol compounds tested, most alcohol compounds showed inhibition on both sugar consumption and malic enzyme activity of T. fermentans. However, vanillyl alcohol had little influence on the malic enzyme activity. Similarly, all alcohol compounds except vanillyl alcohol exerted damage on the cell membrane of T. fermentans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (HW); (MHZ)
| | - Li-ping Liu
- Laboratory of Applied Biocatalysis, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wen-yong Lou
- Laboratory of Applied Biocatalysis, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Min-hua Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (HW); (MHZ)
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Liu W, Wang Y, Yu Z, Bao J. Simultaneous saccharification and microbial lipid fermentation of corn stover by oleaginous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. Bioresour Technol 2012; 118:13-8. [PMID: 22695140 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is the most commonly practiced operation in lignocellulose bioconversion to avoid the sugar product inhibition to cellulase enzymes. In this study, for the first time SSF was tested on microbial lipid fermentation using the diluted acid pretreated and biodetoxified corn stover. The results show that SSF was effective than the separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) on lipid accumulation of Trichosporon cutaneum CX1 cells in both the small scale (5L) and the enlarged scale (50 L) bioreactors. The solutions for the oxygen transfer and the lipid extraction in SSF practically worked well. The process parameters were optimized and the lipid yield obtained were 3.03 g/L in the 5L, and 3.23 g/L in the 50 L, respectively. The result also shows that the cellulase enzyme could be partially recycled in the SSF. The study provided a practical and efficient way for microbial lipid production from lignocellulose material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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27
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Chen XF, Huang C, Xiong L, Chen XD, Chen Y, Ma LL. Oil production on wastewaters after butanol fermentation by oleaginous yeast Trichosporon coremiiforme. Bioresour Technol 2012; 118:594-597. [PMID: 22704190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
From the distillation process after butanol fermentation, wastewaters mainly consisted of organic acids and residual sugars and with high COD (usually >20,000 mg/L) are generated. Without any pretreatment and adding other nutrients (nitrogen sources and trace elements), these wastewaters were used as substrate for microbial oil production by oleaginous yeast Trichosporon coremiiforme. After 5 days' lipid fermentation, all the sugars and organic acids measured were totally utilized by T. coremiiforme and a 68% of COD degradation could be obtained. The highest biomass and lipid content of T. coremiiforme on the wastewaters were 5.8 g/L and 19.1%, respectively. This work shows that T. coremiiforme is a promising strain for microbial oil production on the wastewaters after butanol fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-fang Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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28
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Huang C, Chen XF, Xiong L, Chen XD, Ma LL. Oil production by the yeast Trichosporon dermatis cultured in enzymatic hydrolysates of corncobs. Bioresour Technol 2012; 110:711-4. [PMID: 22366612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Corncob was hydrolyzed with Trichoderma reesei cellulase and used as substrate for growth by the oleaginous yeast Trichosporon dermatis without detoxification or addition of a nitrogen source or trace elements. A total biomass of 24.4g/L with a lipid content of 40.1% (corresponding to a lipid yield of 9.8g/L), and a high lipid coefficient (lipid yield per mass of sugar, %g/g) of 16.7 could be achieved after cultivation for 7days. Therefore, T. dermatis is a promising strain for microbial oil production from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Gas Hydrate, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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29
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Luo ZH, Wu YR, Pang KL, Gu JD, Vrijmoed LLP. Comparison of initial hydrolysis of the three dimethyl phthalate esters (DMPEs) by a basidiomycetous yeast, Trichosporon DMI-5-1, from coastal sediment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2011; 18:1653-1660. [PMID: 21626443 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dimethyl phthalate esters (DMPEs) are a group of plasticizers commonly detected in the environment with potential adverse human health impact. The degradation of DMPEs by fungal systems has been studied to a limited extent, particularly by yeasts. In this study, a basidiomycetous yeast Trichosporon DMI-5-1 capable of degrading DMPEs was obtained and the degradation pathways were investigated. RESULTS A DMPE-degrading yeast was isolated from costal sediment by enrichment culture technique and was identified as Trichosporon sp. DMI-5-1 based on microscopic morphology and 18S rDNA sequence. Comparative investigations on biodegradation of three isomers of DMPEs, namely dimethyl phthalate (DMP), dimethyl isophthalate (DMI), and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), were carried out with this yeast strain. Trichosporon sp. DMI-5-1 could not mineralize DMPEs completely but transform them to respective monomethyl phthalate or phthalic acid. Biochemical degradation pathways for the three DMPE isomers by Trichosporon sp. DMI-5-1 were apparently different. The yeast carried out one-step ester hydrolysis of DMP and DMI to respective monoesters (monomethyl phthalate and monomethyl isophthalate, respectively) and no further metabolism of these two monoesters. Meanwhile, DMT was transformed by the yeast to monomethyl terephthalate and subsequently to terephthalic acid by stepwise hydrolysis of the two ester bonds. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that different catalytic processes are involved in the transformation of DMPEs by the basidiomycetous yeast Trichosporon sp. DMI-5-1 and suggests that its esterases, responsible for the initial hydrolyzing the two ester bonds of DMPEs, are highly substrate specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Hua Luo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
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Lin H, Wang B, Zhuang R, Zhou Q, Zhao Y. Artificial construction and characterization of a fungal consortium that produces cellulolytic enzyme system with strong wheat straw saccharification. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:10569-10576. [PMID: 21924894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A consortium-APcT2 composed of 92% of Trichoderma sp. T-1, 6.7% of P. chrysosporium and 1.3% of A. oryzae A-4 that produces cellulolytic enzyme system with strong wheat straw saccharification was constructed using Taguchi design combined with variance analysis (ANOVA). Among 32 consortia constructed from 6 fungi using Taguchi design, consortium 20 with the strongest composition was selected. The inhibitive fungal constituent in consortium 20 was subsequently removed according to the ANOVA results. The finally optimized consortium-APcT2 yielded 805.12 mg gds(-1) sugars, 26.98% higher than the pure Trichoderma sp. T-1. Protein profile analysis of the cellulolytic enzyme systems, sugar composition analysis of the hydrolysates and compatibility evaluation of the fungal constituents showed that the enhanced straw saccharification of the consortium-APcT2 could be mainly attributed to the enhancement of the co-cultivation for enzyme production and the synergistic action of different types of enzymes in the hydrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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31
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Zheng S, Sun J, Han H. Effect of dissolved oxygen changes on activated sludge fungal bulking during lab-scale treatment of acidic industrial wastewater. Environ Sci Technol 2011; 45:8928-8934. [PMID: 21902169 DOI: 10.1021/es2018169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The cloning and sequencing of fungal 18S rRNA genes followed by the identification of filamentous fungal species by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and the enumeration of filamentous fungal cells by flow cytometry-FISH (FC-FISH) were used to investigate the effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) changes on activated sludge (AS) fungal bulking during a lab-scale treatment of acidic industrial wastewater. By increasing DO levels from < .5 to > 2 mg L⁻¹, bulking started to occur due to the outbreak of fungal filaments, whereas the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals sharply increased from < 40 to > 70%. Clone library analyses revealed that all clonal fungal sequences were of yeast origin, and that only one and four yeast species were individually detected in AS at two DO levels. Subsequent FISH identification of filamentous yeast species within bulking sludge using self-designed oligonucleotide probes suggested that all probe-reactive cells of Trichosporon asahii had a filamentous morphology and were the dominating filamentous microorganism in the AS. The FC-FISH analyses of bacteria and two main yeast species showed that the DO shift resulted in a sharp increase of T. asahii, by a factor of 48-60, which caused filamentous yeast bulking. Subsequently, the restoration of DO levels to <0.5 mg L⁻¹ effectively restored the sludge settlement and yeast community, as well as unacceptable COD removals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokui Zheng
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Huang X, Wang Y, Liu W, Bao J. Biological removal of inhibitors leads to the improved lipid production in the lipid fermentation of corn stover hydrolysate by Trichosporon cutaneum. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:9705-9. [PMID: 21880481 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Corn stover (CS) hydrolysate was used as the fermentation feedstock of Trichosporon cutaneum CX1 for production of microbial lipid as the potential raw material of biodiesel. Two major technical barriers of the lipid fermentation were investigated: one was the strong inhibition of lignocellulose degradation compounds generated in the CS pretreatment; the other was the low carbon-to-nitrogen molar ratio (C/N ratio) of the CS hydrolysate. The newly established biodetoxification method was applied to remove the inhibitors in the pretreated CS. The enhancement of the pretreatment severity and the biodetoxification intensity on the lipid fermentation was investigated. The results show that the biodetoxification not only efficiently removed the inhibitor substances, but also led to the reduction of nitrogen content and the increase of C/N ratio. The cell lipid content of T. cutaneum CX1 using the biodetoxified CS hydrolysate reached 23.5%, which was doubled than that using the non-detoxified value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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33
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Li Y, Wu H, Huang C, Zong M. [Using rice straw hydrolysate for microbial oil production by Trichosporon fermentans HWZ004]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2011; 27:1309-1316. [PMID: 22117514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To efficiently use both cellulose and hemicellulose for lipid production, rice straw was hydrolyzed by a two-step process including dilute acid pretreatment and then enzymatic hydrolysis, and the hydrolysate was used as carbon source for lipid fermentation by Trichosporon fermentans HWZ004. After a simple overliming, the concentrations of acetic acid, furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural were 0.4 g/L, 0.1 g/L and 0.05 g/L, respectively. The hydrolysate could be used for lipid fermentation with T. fermentans HWZ004 without adding other nutrients except for a small amount of nitrogen source and trace CuSO4.5H2O. The optimum inoculum size, initial pH and temperature were 5.0%, 7.0 and 25 degrees C, respectively. A total biomass of 26.4 g/L with a lipid content of 52.2% (corresponding to a lipid yield of 13.8 g/L) was achieved after cultivation of T. fermentans HWZ004 under the above-mentioned conditions for 7 days. The lipid coefficient (lipid yield on substrate consumed) is 17.0, which is much higher than the corresponding one (11.9) obtained on detoxified rice straw hemicullulose hydrolysate by original yeast T. fermentans CICC 1368. The fatty acid composition of the lipid was found to be similar to that of vegetable oil and its unsaturated fatty acid content was over 70%, thus the lipid is a promising material for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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34
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Huang C, Wu H, Liu QP, Li YY, Zong MH. Effects of aldehydes on the growth and lipid accumulation of oleaginous yeast Trichosporon fermentans. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:4606-13. [PMID: 21443267 DOI: 10.1021/jf104320b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of five representative aldehydes in lignocellulosic hydrolysates on the growth and the lipid accumulation of oleaginous yeast Trichosporon fermentans were investigated for the first time. There was no relationship between the hydrophobicity and the toxicity of aldehyde, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was less toxic than aromatic aldehydes and furfural. Binary combination of aromatic aldehydes caused a synergistic inhibitory effect, but combination of furan and aromatic aldehydes reduced the inhibition instead. A longer lag phase was found due to the presence of aldehydes and the decrease of sugar consumption rate, but more xylose was utilized by T. fermentans in the presence of aldehydes, especially at their low concentrations. The variation of malic enzyme activity was not related to the delay of lipid accumulation. Furthermore, the inhibition of aldehydes on cell growth was more dependent on inoculum size, temperature, and initial pH than that on lipid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Laboratory of Applied Biocatalysis, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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35
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Yuan J, Ai Z, Zhang Z, Yan R, Zeng Q, Zhu D. [Microbial oil production by Trichosporon cutaneum B3 using cassava starch]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2011; 27:453-460. [PMID: 21650027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Microbial oil, as raw material for biodiesel, can be produced by Trichosporon cutaneum B3 using cassava starch hydrolysate. Batch cultures demonstrated that there was little inhibitory effect with the concentration of cassava starch hydrolysate up to 90 g/L. The favorable initial pH, C/N molar ratio, nitrogen source and its concentration were 6.0, 116, yeast extract and 3.0 g/L, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, dry biomass reached 15.2 g/L and lipid content reached 40.9% after culture for 144 h in flask. Batch cultures in a 2 L stirred-tank fermenter were run for 44 h and resulted in dry biomass, lipid content and lipid yield of 28.7 g/L, 42.8% and 12.27 g/L, respectively. The chemical compositions of biodiesel prepared from lipids of T cutaneum B3 mainly included palmitic acid methyl ester, stearic acid methyl ester, oleic acid methyl ester and linoleic acid methyl ester etc., and its main physicochemical properties were in compliance with relevant national diesel standards. Therefore, the biodiesel prepared from lipids of T cutaneum B3 can serve as a potential fossil fuel alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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36
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Song A, Liu Y, Xie H, Wang F, Bao X. [Screening of high lipid production Trichosporon fermentans mutants by transposon tagging mTn-lacZ/leu2 insertion]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2011; 27:468-474. [PMID: 21650029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To improve microbial lipid production, we inserted mTn-lacZ/leu2 into Trichosporon fermentans 2.1368-Leu(-) to obtain high lipid production mutants. By observing the LacZ chromogenic change, the positive reaction between Cerulenin (inhibitor of fatty acid synthase) and phosphate vanillin, a higher lipid-producing mutant 2.1368-Leu(-)-7 grown on corn-stalk hydrolysate was obtained. The lipid content of this mutant reached 38.30% (8.97% higher than that of the control) and the lipid production rate was 8.35% (20.63% higher than that of the control). The rate of sugar utilization was 77%, meaning that 100 g corn-stalk could be converted to 8.32 g lipid. The study provided an effective method for microbial lipid production by using cheap raw materials for biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andong Song
- Life Science College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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37
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Huang C, Zong MH, Wu H, Liu QP. Microbial oil production from rice straw hydrolysate by Trichosporon fermentans. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:4535-8. [PMID: 19433350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial oil production from sulphuric acid treated rice straw hydrolysate (SARSH) by Trichosporon fermentans was performed for the first time. Fermentation of SARSH without detoxification gave a poor lipid yield of 1.7 g/l, which was much lower than the result with glucose or xylose as the single carbon source (13.6 g/l or 9.9 g/l). The detoxification pretreatment, including overliming, concentration, and adsorption by Amberlite XAD-4 improved the fermentability of SARSH significantly by removing the inhibitors in SARSH. A total biomass of 28.6 g/l with a lipid content of 40.1% (corresponding to a lipid yield of 11.5 g/l) could be achieved after cultivation of T. fermentans on the detoxified SARSH for 8 days. Moreover, besides SARSH, T. fermentans could also utilize mannose, galactose, or cellobiose, in hydrolysates of other natural lignocellulosic materials as the single carbon source to grow and accumulate lipid with a high yield (at least 10.4 g/l). Hence, it is a promising strain for microbial oil production and thus biodiesel preparation from agro-industrial residues, especially lignocellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, PR China
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38
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Kulakovskaya TV, Golubev WI, Tomashevskaya MA, Kulakovskaya EV, Shashkov AS, Grachev AA, Chizhov AS, Nifantiev NE. Production of antifungal cellobiose lipids by Trichosporon porosum. Mycopathologia 2009; 169:117-23. [PMID: 19757153 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-009-9236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The yeast Trichosporon porosum suppresses growth of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes belonging to 52 genera. It is due to secretion of a thermostable fungicidal agent. The suppression was maximal at pH 3.5-4.0. Fungicidal preparation obtained from the culture broth was shown to be a mixture of cellobiosides of dihydrodecane acid with different degree of acetylation of cellobiose residue. The preparation caused the death of Candida albicans and Filobasidiella neoformans cells in the concentrations of 0.2 and 0.03 mM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Kulakovskaya
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow, Russia.
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Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Chang JS, Govindwar SP. Decolorization and biodegradation of textile dye Navy blue HER by Trichosporon beigelii NCIM-3326. J Hazard Mater 2009; 166:1421-8. [PMID: 19157708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Navy blue HER was decolorized and degraded within 24h by Trichosporon beigelii NCIM-3326 under static condition. In the present study, we investigated various physicochemical parameters such as agitation, temperature, pH, cell concentration, initial dye concentration and different carbon and nitrogen sources to achieve maximum dye degradation by T. beigelii. Sequentially, decolorization and decrease in the total organic carbon (TOC) of Navy blue HER by T. beigelii were measured. Among five strains T. beigelii gave the better performance on the decolorization of Navy blue HER along with a 95% TOC reduction within 24h. A significant increase in the activities of NADH-DCIP (dichlorophenolindophenol) reductase and azoreductase in the cells obtained after complete decolorization presumably indicates involvement of these enzymes in decolorization process. UV-vis, TLC, HPLC and FTIR analysis of extracted products confirmed the biodegradation of Navy blue HER. Phytotoxicity study demonstrated no toxicity of the biodegraded products with respect to plants viz. Phaseolus mungo and Sorghum vulgare. In addition to Navy blue HER, this strain also shows ability to decolorize various industrial dyes, including Red HE7B, Golden yellow 4BD, Green HE4BD, Orange HE2R, Malachite green, Crystal violet and Methyl violet.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Saratale
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004 (MS), India
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40
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Akagi T, Yamaguti K, Kawamura T, Nakumura T, Kubo K, Takemori H. Breakthrough trichosporonosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia receiving micafungin. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 47:1182-3. [PMID: 16840220 DOI: 10.1080/10428190500272499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Zhu LY, Zong MH, Wu H. Efficient lipid production with Trichosporon fermentans and its use for biodiesel preparation. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:7881-5. [PMID: 18394882 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Effects of medium components and culture conditions on biomass and lipid production of Trichosporon fermentans were studied. The optimal nitrogen source, carbon source and C/N molar ratio were peptone, glucose and 163, respectively. The favorable initial pH of the medium and temperature were 6.5 and 25 degrees C. Under the optimized conditions, a biomass of 28.1 g/l and a lipid content of 62.4% could be achieved after culture for 7 days, which were much higher than the original values (19.4 g/l and 50.8%) and the results reported by other groups. T. fermentans could grow well in pretreated waste molasses and a lipid yield of 12.8 g/l could be achieved with waste molasses of 15% total sugar concentration (w/v) at pH 6.0, representing the best result with oleaginous microorganisms on agro-industrial residues. Addition of various sugars to the pretreated molasses could efficiently enhance the accumulation of lipid and the lipid content reached as high as above 50%. Similar to vegetable oils, the lipid mainly contains palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid and the unsaturated fatty acids amount to about 64% of the total fatty acids. The microbial oil with an acid value of 5.6 mg KOH/g was transesterified to biodiesel by base catalysis after removal of free fatty acids and a high methyl ester yield of 92% was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Zhu
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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42
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Fuentefria AM, Faganello J, Pazzini F, Schrank A, Valente P, Vainstein M. Typing and patterns of cellular morphological alterations in Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii isolates exposed to a panel of killer yeasts. Med Mycol 2007; 45:503-12. [PMID: 17710619 DOI: 10.1080/13693780701416580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are encapsulated basidiomycetous yeasts that cause meningoencephalitis. The action of killer yeasts on the growth of one hundred genotypically characterized C. neoformans var. neoformans, C. neoformans var. grubii, and C. gattii clinical and environmental isolates was evaluated. Killer studies were performed on yeast malt-methylene blue (YM-MB) agar Petri dishes, and a dendrogram was obtained based on a quantitative data matrix using the diameter of the inhibition halo. The cellular morphological characteristics of dead cells within the halo were observed by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy. There was no formation of pores on the cell surface of the sensitive cells in contact with the toxins, at least for C. neoformans. The sensitivity patterns of clinical and environmental isolates to the killer toxins demonstrated that there is correlation between killer sensitivity of Cryptococcus species or varieties and some of the killer strains. In this case, the isolates were discriminated using the killer sensitivity patterns, and this could be used as a complementary tool to PCR-fingerprinting in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre M Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
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43
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Xu G, Li Y, Zheng W, Peng X, Li W, Yan Y. Mineralization of chlorpyrifos by co-culture of Serratia and Trichosporon spp. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:1469-73. [PMID: 17609859 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A bacterial strain (Serratia sp.) that could transform chlorpyrifos to 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) and a TCP-mineralizing fungal strain (Trichosporon sp.) were isolated from activated sludge by enrichment culture technique. The fungus could also degrade 50 mg chlorpyrifos l(-1) within 7 days. Co-cultures completely mineralized 50 mg chlorpyrifos l(-1) within 18 h at 30 degrees C and pH 8 using a total inocula of 0.15 g biomass l(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, P.R. China
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Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi affecting human and animal health. Five classes of mycotoxins are of major concern in animal husbandry, namely aflatoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, ochratoxins, and fumonisins. Due to their diverse structure these fungal toxins are able to cause a great variety of acute symptoms in animals. Clay minerals have been used in animal nutrition to bind mycotoxins, but the binders are only very specific for aflatoxins but not for other toxins. A novel strategy to control the problem of mycotoxicoses in animals is the application of microorganisms capable of biotransforming mycotoxins into nontoxic metabolites. The microbes act in the intestinal tract of animals prior to the resorption of the mycotoxins. A Eubacterium (BBSH 797) strain is able to deactivate trichothecenes by reduction of the epoxide ring (CAST, Mycotoxins, Risks in Plant, Animal and Human Systems, Task Force Report 139, Council of Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames Iowa 2003, p. 10.; Binder, E. M., Binder, J., Ellend, N., Schaffer, E. et al., in: Miraglia, M., van Egmond, H., Brera, C., Gilbert, J. (Eds.), Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins--Developments in Chemistry, Toxicology and Food Safety, Alaken, Fort Collins 1996, pp. 279-285). This strain was isolated out of bovine rumen fluid and the mode of action was proven in vitro and also in vivo. Further a novel yeast strain, capable of degrading ochratoxin A and zearalenone was isolated and characterized (Bruinink, A., Rasonyi, T., Sidler, C., Nat. Toxins 1999, 6, 173-177; Schatzmayr, G., Heidler, D., Fuchs, E., Mohnl, M. et al., Mycotoxin Res. 2003, 19, 124-128.) Due to the yeasts affiliation to the genus of Trichosporon and its property to degrade mycotoxins this strain was named Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans (Trichosporon MTV, 115).
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Rodríguez-Bustamante E, Maldonado-Robledo G, Sánchez-Contreras A, Klimova T, Arreguín-Espinosa R, Sánchez S. Novel method for aroma recovery from the bioconversion of lutein to β-ionone by Trichosporon asahii using a mesoporous silicate material. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 71:568-73. [PMID: 16501971 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Revised: 01/06/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report on the synthesis and ability of the mesoporous material MCM-41 to adsorb the norisoprenoid beta-ionone. This compound, with a violet aroma note, can be produced from lutein by the yeast Trichosporon asahii through a bioconversion process. We found that beta-ionone inhibited the yeast growth and constrained aroma formation. Growth inhibition was overcome using silicate MCM-41 as sorbent device in a fermentation system that allowed product removal from the culture medium by headspace manipulation. Compared to a commercial silica gel, the mesoporous material exhibited a 4.5-fold higher beta-ionone adsorption. Contrasting to cultures without the sorbent device, the presence of MCM-41 allowed a marked increase (14-fold) in beta-ionone production. Our results suggested that confinement of the norisoprenoid into the sorbent material bypassed its toxicity which allowed a better beta-ionone production. This study represents the first report on the use of MCM-41 to recover an aroma produced by fermentation and therefore, a novel application for a mesoporous material.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rodríguez-Bustamante
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico.
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46
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Tan ZF, Chen LH, Wang YP, Li ZW, Qin GY. [Study on ion beam mutagenizing of the Trichosporon lactis T for enantioselective separation of ibuprofen]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2006; 46:306-9. [PMID: 16736597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The initial strain, Trichosporon Lactis T, isolated from soil sample, having the capability of enantioselectively hydrolyzing S-isomer of racemic ibuprofen ethyl-ester into the corresponding S-ibuprofen, was implanted by 30 KeV, 1 x 10(15) ions/cm2 - 5 x 10(15) ions/cm2 low-energy N+ for the purpose of obtaining mutants with high-efficiency hydrolyzing enzyme to produce active S-ibuprofen. Under the dosage of 30 KeV, 4 x 10(15) ions/cm2, the mutation rate is the highest, with 32.9 % positive and 37.1% negative mutant, respectively. Therefore, 30 KeV, 4 x 10(15) ions/cm2 is chosen as the optimal implantation dosage. Under optimal implantation dosage, seven mutants with high-efficiency hydrolyzing enzyme are selected after N+ implantation. The genetic stability test shows that T. lactis K1, one of the seven mutants, has a stable hydrolyzing ability during consecutive five-generation. The enzyme activity of T. lactis K1 is higher with 50% than that of the initial strain after 24 h cultivation, and the highest enzyme activity of T. lactis K1 appears 6h earlier than that of the initial strain. After 24 h cultivation and succeeding 24 h incubation with ibuprofen ethyl ester, the S-ibuprofen production of T. lactis K1 is 6.96 g/L, 64.2% higher than that of T. lactis T, which only produces 4.24 g/L S-ibuprofen at the same time, the specific rotation and enantiomeric excess (ee%) of the S-ibuprofen produced by two stains, however, are the same, + 54.1 degrees and 98%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Fang Tan
- Key Lab of Ion Beam Bio-engineering of Henan Province, Physical Science & Technology College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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47
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Mwenya B, Santoso B, Sar C, Pen B, Morikawa R, Takaura K, Umetsu K, Kimura K, Takahashi J. Effects of Yeast Culture and Galacto-Oligosaccharides on Ruminal Fermentation in Holstein Cows. J Dairy Sci 2005; 88:1404-12. [PMID: 15778309 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Four nonlactating, ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design, balanced for residual effects, to evaluate the effects of supplementing dairy cow diets with yeast culture (Trichosporon sericeum; YC), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), or the mixture of YC and GOS on ruminal fermentation, microbial N supply, in situ degradation, and energy and nitrogen metabolism. Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial as follows: 1) basal diet, 2) basal diet plus 10 g/d YC, 3) basal diet plus 2% GOS, 4) basal diet plus a mixture of 10 g/d YC and 2% GOS. Nitrogen losses in urine were lower, and retained N was higher, for cows supplemented with a mixture of YC and GOS. Ruminal pH was lower in cows supplemented with GOS alone compared with other treatments. Total VFA concentration was higher in cows fed control and GOS-supplemented diets than in those fed YC containing diets. The molar proportion of propionate was higher, and the molar proportion of acetate was lower, in cows fed control diets. Microbial N supply was higher in cows fed control diets. There were no major positive effects of supplements observed in this study. However, supplementation of a mixture of YC and GOS had a tendency for synergistic effects on N metabolism and in situ degradation of a soluble fraction of oat straw DM and CP of concentrates compared with supplementation of YC or GOS alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mwenya
- Department of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 080-8555, Japan
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Margesin R, Fonteyne PA, Redl B. Low-temperature biodegradation of high amounts of phenol by Rhodococcus spp. and basidiomycetous yeasts. Res Microbiol 2005; 156:68-75. [PMID: 15636749 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2004.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2004] [Accepted: 08/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Four cold-adapted microbial strains able to degrade high amounts of phenol were isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated alpine soils. Two of the strains were bacteria identified as Rhodococcus spp., and two strains were basidiomycetous yeasts. One of the yeasts was identified as Trichosporon dulcitum, while the second yeast strain belonged to the Urediniomycetes and probably represents a novel species. This strain was not able to grow at temperatures above 20 degrees C, while the other three strains were cold-tolerant and could grow at temperatures ranging from 1-25 degrees C (T. dulcitum) or 1-30 degrees C (rhodococci). The yeast strains were characterized by a substantially lower optimum temperature for growth and biodegradation compared to the bacteria. The urediniomycete strain degraded 5 mM phenol at 1 degrees C faster than the two bacteria at 10 degrees C. The optimum temperature for phenol degradation was 10 degrees C (novel yeast species), 20 degrees C (T. dulcitum), or 30 degrees C (rhodococci). Using fed-batch cultivation in mineral medium with phenol as the sole carbon source, high amounts of phenol were degraded at 10 degrees C. Both rhodococci degraded up to 12.5 mM phenol, while the two yeast strains even utilized as much as 15 mM phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Margesin
- Institute of Microbiology, Leopold Franzens University, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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49
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Abstract
P18 (KWKLFKKIPKFLHLAKKF-NH2) is an antimicrobial peptide designed from a cecropin A-magainin 2 hybrid that has potent antibacterial activity without hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. In this study, P18 displayed potent fungicidal activity (MIC: 12.5 approximately 25 microM) against pathogenic fungi, Candida albicans, Trichosporon beigelii, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxyspovrum. The central Pro9 residue and the entire sequence of P18 are essential for its full fungicidal activity. Circular dichroism analysis suggested that the higher alpha-helical content of the peptides did not correlate with the stronger fungicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Puk-ku, Taegu 702-701, Korea
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50
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Molnar O, Schatzmayr G, Fuchs E, Prillinger H. Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans sp. nov., A New Yeast Species Useful in Biological Detoxification of Various Mycotoxins. Syst Appl Microbiol 2004; 27:661-71. [PMID: 15612623 DOI: 10.1078/0723202042369947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A yeast strain isolated from the hindgut of the lower termite Mastotermes darwiniensis (Mastotermitidae) was found to represent a new member of the genus Trichosporon. Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans is closely related to T. loubieri on the basis of the phylogenetic trees based on the D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA, an approx. 600 bp fragment of the 18S rDNA and both ITS regions. However, the two species differ at nine positions in the D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA. The IGS1 region of T. mycotoxinivorans is 401 bp long. T. mycotoxinivorans is distinguished from T. loubieri by its ability to assimilate inulin and galactitol, and its inability to grow at 40 degrees C. The name of this newly isolated strain refers to an important characteristics of T. mycotoxinivorans to detoxify mycotoxins such as ochratoxin A and zearalenone. Therefore this strain can be used for the deactivation of the respective mycotoxins in animal feeds.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biodegradation, Environmental
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/isolation & purification
- Disaccharides/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology
- Genes, rRNA
- Inulin/metabolism
- Isoptera/microbiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mycological Typing Techniques
- Mycotoxins/metabolism
- Ochratoxins/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Temperature
- Trichosporon/classification
- Trichosporon/cytology
- Trichosporon/isolation & purification
- Trichosporon/metabolism
- Zearalenone/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Molnar
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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