51
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Shin K, Guo H, Cha Y, Ban YH, Seo DW, Choi Y, Kim TS, Lee SP, Kim JC, Choi EK, Yon JM, Kim YB. Cereboost™, an American ginseng extract, improves cognitive function via up-regulation of choline acetyltransferase expression and neuroprotection. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 78:53-8. [PMID: 27112419 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer disease (AD), amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides induce the degeneration of presynaptic cholinergic system, in which decreased activity of enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) responsible for acetylcholine synthesis is observed. Cereboost™, an extract of American ginseng extract, contains a high concentration of Rb1 ginsenoside which is a well-known ingredient improving human cognitive function. We investigated the effects of Cereboost™ on learning and memory function of mice challenged with an Aβ1-42 peptide and the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Cereboost™ protected against Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity in F3.ChAT stem cells, and enhanced the ChAT gene expression. Aβ1-42 injection into the mouse brain impaired the cognitive function, which was recovered by oral administration of Cereboost™. In addition, Cereboost™ restored brain microtubule-associated protein 2 and synaptophysin as well as acetylcholine concentration. The results demonstrate that Cereboost™ administration recovered the cognitive function of AD model animals by enhancing acetylcholine level via ChAT gene expression and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungha Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea
| | - Haiyu Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea
| | - Yeseul Cha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Ban
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea
| | - Da Woom Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea
| | - Youngjin Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea
| | - Tae-Su Kim
- Anydoctor Healthcare Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Chungnam 31066, South Korea
| | - Sung-Pyo Lee
- Anydoctor Healthcare Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Chungnam 31066, South Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Ehn-Kyoung Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea
| | - Jung-Min Yon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea.
| | - Yun-Bae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea.
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52
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Mitotic cells contract actomyosin cortex and generate pressure to round against or escape epithelial confinement. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8872. [PMID: 26602832 PMCID: PMC4696517 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how mitotic cells round against epithelial confinement. Here, we engineer micropillar arrays that subject cells to lateral mechanical confinement similar to that experienced in epithelia. If generating sufficient force to deform the pillars, rounding epithelial (MDCK) cells can create space to divide. However, if mitotic cells cannot create sufficient space, their rounding force, which is generated by actomyosin contraction and hydrostatic pressure, pushes the cell out of confinement. After conducting mitosis in an unperturbed manner, both daughter cells return to the confinement of the pillars. Cells that cannot round against nor escape confinement cannot orient their mitotic spindles and more likely undergo apoptosis. The results highlight how spatially constrained epithelial cells prepare for mitosis: either they are strong enough to round up or they must escape. The ability to escape from confinement and reintegrate after mitosis appears to be a basic property of epithelial cells.
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53
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Filograna R, Civiero L, Ferrari V, Codolo G, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Beltramini M, Bisaglia M. Analysis of the Catecholaminergic Phenotype in Human SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-M17 Neuroblastoma Cell Lines upon Differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136769. [PMID: 26317353 PMCID: PMC4552590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cell lines are often used to investigate cellular pathways relevant for physiological or pathological processes or to evaluate cell toxicity or protection induced by different compounds, including potential drugs. In this study, we analyzed and compared the differentiating activities of three agents (retinoic acid, staurosporine and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) on the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-M17 cell lines; the first cell line is largely used in the field of neuroscience, while the second is still poorly characterized. After evaluating their effects in terms of cell proliferation and morphology, we investigated their catecholaminergic properties by assessing the expression profiles of the major genes involved in catecholamine synthesis and storage and the cellular concentrations of the neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenaline. Our results demonstrate that the two cell lines possess similar abilities to differentiate and acquire a neuron-like morphology. The most evident effects in SH-SY5Y cells were observed in the presence of staurosporine, while in BE(2)-M17 cells, retinoic acid induced the strongest effects. Undifferentiated SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-M17 cells are characterized by the production of both NA and DA, but their levels are considerably higher in BE(2)-M17 cells. Moreover, the NAergic phenotype appears to be more pronounced in SH-SY5Y cells, while BE(2)-M17 cells have a more prominent DAergic phenotype. Finally, the catecholamine concentration strongly increases upon differentiation induced by staurosporine in both cell lines. In conclusion, in this work the catecholaminergic phenotype of the human BE(2)-M17 cell line upon differentiation was characterized for the first time. Our data suggest that SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-M17 represent two alternative cell models for the neuroscience field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Filograna
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Civiero
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vanni Ferrari
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gaia Codolo
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Greggio
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariano Beltramini
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (M. Beltramini); (M. Bisaglia)
| | - Marco Bisaglia
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (M. Beltramini); (M. Bisaglia)
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54
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Lopes DHJ, Attar A, Nair G, Hayden EY, Du Z, McDaniel K, Dutt S, Bandmann H, Bravo-Rodriguez K, Mittal S, Klärner FG, Wang C, Sanchez-Garcia E, Schrader T, Bitan G. Molecular tweezers inhibit islet amyloid polypeptide assembly and toxicity by a new mechanism. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1555-69. [PMID: 25844890 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In type-2 diabetes (T2D), islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) self-associates into toxic assemblies causing islet β-cell death. Therefore, preventing IAPP toxicity is a promising therapeutic strategy for T2D. The molecular tweezer CLR01 is a supramolecular tool for selective complexation of K residues in (poly)peptides. Surprisingly, it inhibits IAPP aggregation at substoichiometric concentrations even though IAPP has only one K residue at position 1, whereas efficient inhibition of IAPP toxicity requires excess CLR01. The basis for this peculiar behavior is not clear. Here, a combination of biochemical, biophysical, spectroscopic, and computational methods reveals a detailed mechanistic picture of the unique dual inhibition mechanism for CLR01. At low concentrations, CLR01 binds to K1, presumably nucleating nonamyloidogenic, yet toxic, structures, whereas excess CLR01 binds also to R11, leading to nontoxic structures. Encouragingly, the CLR01 concentrations needed for inhibition of IAPP toxicity are safe in vivo, supporting its development toward disease-modifying therapy for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhenming Du
- Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | | | - Som Dutt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Heinz Bandmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Sumit Mittal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank-Gerrit Klärner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | | | - Thomas Schrader
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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55
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C-Reactive Protein Induces Tau Hyperphosphorylation via GSK3β Signaling Pathway in SH-SY5Y Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:519-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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56
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Del Campo M, Oliveira CR, Scheper W, Zwart R, Korth C, Müller-Schiffmann A, Kostallas G, Biverstal H, Presto J, Johansson J, Hoozemans JJ, Pereira CF, Teunissen CE. BRI2 ectodomain affects Aβ42 fibrillation and tau truncation in human neuroblastoma cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1599-611. [PMID: 25336154 PMCID: PMC11113771 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1769-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by the presence of misfolded proteins such as amyloid beta (Aβ) in senile plaques, and hyperphosphorylated tau and truncated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). The BRI2 protein inhibits Aβ aggregation via its BRICHOS domain and regulates critical proteins involved in initiating the amyloid cascade, which has been hypothesized to be central in AD pathogenesis. We recently detected the deposition of BRI2 ectodomain associated with Aβ plaques and concomitant changes in its processing enzymes in early stages of AD. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of recombinant BRI2 ectodomain (rBRI276-266) on Aβ aggregation and on important molecular pathways involved in early stages of AD, including the unfolded protein response (UPR), phosphorylation and truncation of tau, as well as apoptosis. We found that rBRI276-266 delays Aβ fibril formation, although less efficiently than the BRI2 BRICHOS domain (BRI2 residues 113-231). In human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, rBRI276-266 slightly decreased cell viability and increased up to two-fold the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the subsequent activity of caspases 3 and 9, indicating activation of apoptosis. rBRI276-266 upregulated the chaperone BiP but did not modify the mRNA expression of other UPR markers (CHOP and Xbp-1). Strikingly, rBRI276-266 induced the activation of GSK3β but not the phosphorylation of tau. However, exposure to rBRI276-266 significantly induced the truncation of tau, indicating that BRI2 ectodomain can contribute to NFT formation. Since BRI2 can also regulate the metabolism of Aβ, the current data suggests that BRI2 ectodomain is a potential nexus between Aβ, tau pathology and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Del Campo
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Room PK1 Br016, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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57
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Kong MY, Chen QY, Yao L, Wang YB. Spectroscopic study on the interaction of Aβ42 with di(picolyl)amine derivatives and the toxicity to SH-S5Y5 cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 138:225-228. [PMID: 25498817 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to confirm the neurotoxicity of bifunctional chelators containing hydrophobic groups and metal chelating moiety, the interaction of di(picolyl)amine (dpa) derivatives toward Aβ42 peptide was investigated. Fluorescence titration reveals that a hydrophobic chelator (such as BODIPY) shows high binding affinity to amyloid Aβ42. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra confirm that the hydrophobic bifunctional chelator can decrease α-helix fraction and increase the β-sheet fraction of amyloid Aβ42. In particular, experimental results indicate that a bifunctional chelator can assemble with Cu(II)-Aβ42 forming chelator-Cu(II)-Aβ42 nanospheres, which are toxic to SH-S5Y5 cells. The hydrophobic interaction between the chelator and the amyloid peptide (Aβ42) has great contribution to the formation of neurotoxic chelator-Cu(II)-Aβ42 nanospheres. This work gives a general guide to the development of low cytotoxic inhibitors of Aβ42 aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yun Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Qiu-Yun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Ling Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yin-Bing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
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58
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Khoobi M, Ghanoni F, Nadri H, Moradi A, Pirali Hamedani M, Homayouni Moghadam F, Emami S, Vosooghi M, Zadmard R, Foroumadi A, Shafiee A. New tetracyclic tacrine analogs containing pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole: Efficient synthesis, biological assessment and docking simulation study. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:296-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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59
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Barbosa DJ, Capela JP, de Lourdes Bastos M, Carvalho F. In vitro models for neurotoxicology research. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 4:801-842. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system has a highly complex organization, including many cell types with multiple functions, with an intricate anatomy and unique structural and functional characteristics; the study of its (dys)functionality following exposure to xenobiotics, neurotoxicology, constitutes an important issue in neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel José Barbosa
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - João Paulo Capela
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - Félix Carvalho
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
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60
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Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives as new inhibitors of 15-lipoxygenase. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:759-64. [PMID: 25310714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of 3,6-diphenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-5-amine derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as potential inhibitors of 15-lipoxygenase. Among the synthesized compounds, 5i bearing 2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl pendent group was the most active compound, being two times more potent than reference drug quercetin. Also, the docking study revealed that 5i interacts properly with target enzyme 15-LOX and hydrophobic interactions have important role in the binding process. Besides, the protective effect of 5i against oxidative stress-induced cell death in differentiated PC12 cells was evaluated. The results showed that compound 5i significantly protected PC12 cells against H2O2-induced cell death at concentrations less than 10 μM.
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61
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Protective effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum polysaccharides on PC12 cells impaired by MPP+. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 69:171-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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62
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Mahdavi M, Shirazi MS, Taherkhani R, Saeedi M, Alipour E, Moghadam FH, Moradi A, Nadri H, Emami S, Firoozpour L, Shafiee A, Foroumadi A. Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking study of 3-aroyl-1-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)thiourea derivatives as 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 82:308-13. [PMID: 24927051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-aroyl-1-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)thiourea derivatives containing sulfonamide moiety were designed and synthesized as 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) inhibitors. Most synthesized compounds showed potent activity against soybean 15-LOX with IC50 values less than 25 μM. The most potent compound 4c (3-methylbenzoyl derivative) with IC50 value of 1.8 μM was 10-fold more potent than quercetin. Interestingly, compound 4c also showed the highest antioxidant activity, as determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Its capacity for reducing ferric ion was more than ascorbic acid. The viability assay of the selected compound 4c against oxidative stress-induced cell death in differentiated PC12 cells revealed that compound 4c significantly protected neurons against cell death in low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahzad Shirazi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raana Taherkhani
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran-North Branch, Zafar St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Saeedi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eskandar Alipour
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran-North Branch, Zafar St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Homayouni Moghadam
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Moradi
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamid Nadri
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Loghman Firoozpour
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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63
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Alipour M, Khoobi M, Moradi A, Nadri H, Homayouni Moghadam F, Emami S, Hasanpour Z, Foroumadi A, Shafiee A. Synthesis and anti-cholinesterase activity of new 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 82:536-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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64
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Cameron RT, Quinn SD, Cairns LS, MacLeod R, Samuel IDW, Smith BO, Carlos Penedo J, Baillie GS. The phosphorylation of Hsp20 enhances its association with amyloid-β to increase protection against neuronal cell death. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 61:46-55. [PMID: 24859569 PMCID: PMC4148482 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Up-regulation of Hsp20 protein levels in response to amyloid fibril formation is considered a key protective response against the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, the physical interaction between Hsp20 and Aβ is known to prevent Aβ oligomerisation and protects neuronal cells from Aβ mediated toxicity, however, details of the molecular mechanism and regulatory cell signalling events behind this process have remained elusive. Using both conventional MTT end-point assays and novel real time measurement of cell impedance, we show that Hsp20 protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from the neurotoxic effects of Aβ. In an attempt to provide a mechanism for the neuroprotection afforded by Hsp20, we used peptide array, co-immunoprecipitation analysis and NMR techniques to map the interaction between Hsp20 and Aβ and report a binding mode where Hsp20 binds adjacent to the oligomerisation domain of Aβ, preventing aggregation. The Hsp20/Aβ interaction is enhanced by Hsp20 phosphorylation, which serves to increase association with low molecular weight Aβ species and decrease the effective concentration of Hsp20 required to disrupt the formation of amyloid oligomers. Finally, using a novel fluorescent assay for the real time evaluation of morphology-specific Aβ aggregation, we show that phospho-dependency of this effect is more pronounced for fibrils than for globular Aβ forms and that 25mers corresponding to the Hsp20 N-terminal can be used as Aβ aggregate inhibitors. Our report is the first to provide a molecular model for the Hsp20/Aβ complex and the first to suggest that modulation of the cAMP/cGMP pathways could be a novel route to enhance Hsp20-mediated attenuation of Aβ fibril neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Cameron
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, College of Veterinary, Medical and life sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Steven D Quinn
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Lynn S Cairns
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, College of Veterinary, Medical and life sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Ruth MacLeod
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, College of Veterinary, Medical and life sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Brian O Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, College of Veterinary, Medical and life sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - J Carlos Penedo
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, College of Veterinary, Medical and life sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK.
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65
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Cavallaro G, Triolo D, Licciardi M, Giammona G, Chirico G, Sironi L, Dacarro G, Donà A, Milanese C, Pallavicini P. Amphiphilic Copolymers Based on Poly[(hydroxyethyl)-d,l-aspartamide]: A Suitable Functional Coating for Biocompatible Gold Nanostars. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:4260-70. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401130z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gennara Cavallaro
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF),
Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Triolo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF),
Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariano Licciardi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF),
Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF),
Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chirico
- Dipartimento
di Fisica “G. Occhialini”, Università Milano Bicocca, piazza della Scienza, 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Sironi
- Dipartimento
di Fisica “G. Occhialini”, Università Milano Bicocca, piazza della Scienza, 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dacarro
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Pavia, viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alice Donà
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Pavia, viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Pavia, viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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66
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Asadipour A, Alipour M, Jafari M, Khoobi M, Emami S, Nadri H, Sakhteman A, Moradi A, Sheibani V, Homayouni Moghadam F, Shafiee A, Foroumadi A. Novel coumarin-3-carboxamides bearing N-benzylpiperidine moiety as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:623-30. [PMID: 24211638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Some novel coumarin-3-carboxamide derivatives linked to N-benzylpiperidine scaffold were synthesized and evaluated as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors. The screening results showed that most of compounds exhibited potent anti-AChE activity in the range of nM concentrations. Among them, compound 10c bearing an N-ethylcarboxamide linker and a 6-nitro substituent showed the most potent activity (IC₅₀ = 0.3 nM) and the highest selectivity (SI = 26,300). Compound 10c was 46-fold more potent than standard drug donepezil against AChE. The kinetic study revealed that compound 10c exhibited mixed-type inhibition against AChE. Protein-ligand docking study demonstrated that the target compounds have dual binding site interaction mode and these results are in agreement with kinetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asadipour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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67
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Martire S, Fuso A, Rotili D, Tempera I, Giordano C, De Zottis I, Muzi A, Vernole P, Graziani G, Lococo E, Faraldi M, Maras B, Scarpa S, Mosca L, d'Erme M. PARP-1 modulates amyloid beta peptide-induced neuronal damage. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72169. [PMID: 24086258 PMCID: PMC3782458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) causes neurodegeneration by several mechanisms including oxidative stress, which is known to induce DNA damage with the consequent activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1). To elucidate the role of PARP-1 in the neurodegenerative process, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated with Aβ25–35 fragment in the presence or absence of MC2050, a new PARP-1 inhibitor. Aβ25–35 induces an enhancement of PARP activity which is prevented by cell pre-treatment with MC2050. These data were confirmed by measuring PARP-1 activity in CHO cells transfected with amylod precursor protein and in vivo in brains specimens of TgCRND8 transgenic mice overproducing the amyloid peptide. Following Aβ25–35 exposure a significant increase in intracellular ROS was observed. These data were supported by the finding that Aβ25–35 induces DNA damage which in turn activates PARP-1. Challenge with Aβ25–35 is also able to activate NF-kB via PARP-1, as demonstrated by NF-kB impairment upon MC2050 treatment. Moreover, Aβ25–35via PARP-1 induces a significant increase in the p53 protein level and a parallel decrease in the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. These overall data support the hypothesis of PARP-1 involvment in cellular responses induced by Aβ and hence a possible rationale for the implication of PARP-1 in neurodegeneration is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martire
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fuso
- Department of Psychology-Sec.Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Studies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Italo Tempera
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cesare Giordano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Studies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivana De Zottis
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Muzi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Roma “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vernole
- Department of Public Health and Cell Biology, University of Roma “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Roma “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Lococo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Faraldi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Maras
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sigfrido Scarpa
- Department of Surgery “P.Valdoni”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria d'Erme
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Instituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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68
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Zhu C, Sun Y, Wang Y, Luo Y, Fan D. The preparation and characterization of novel human-like collagen metal chelates. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:2611-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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69
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Gastrodin protects apoptotic dopaminergic neurons in a toxin-induced Parkinson's disease model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:514095. [PMID: 23533492 PMCID: PMC3603713 DOI: 10.1155/2013/514095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata (GE) Blume is one of the most important traditional plants in Oriental countries and has been used for centuries to improve various conditions. The phenolic glucoside gastrodin is an active constituent of GE. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective role of gastrodin in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)/1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine- (MPTP) induced human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells and mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD), respectively. Gastrodin significantly and dose dependently protected dopaminergic neurons against neurotoxicity through regulating free radicals, Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA, caspase-3, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in SH-SY5Y cells stressed with MPP+. Gastrodin also showed neuroprotective effects in the subchronic MPTP mouse PD model by ameliorating bradykinesia and motor impairment in the pole and rotarod tests, respectively. Consistent with this finding, gastrodin prevented dopamine depletion and reduced reactive astrogliosis caused by MPTP as assessed by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting in the substantiae nigrae and striatata of mice. Moreover, gastrodin was also effective in preventing neuronal apoptosis by attenuating antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities in these brain areas. These results strongly suggest that gastrodin has protective effects in experimental PD models and that it may be developed as a clinical candidate to ameliorate PD symptoms.
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70
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Abstract
The use of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles in industrial applications has been raised over the last decade. However, there is limited toxicology information available regarding the effects of MgO nanoparticles. In this study, cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity of this nanoparticle on SH-SY5Y cell lines was investigated. In order to assess the cytotoxicity effect, SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to three different types of MgO nanoparticles (MgO 5, MgO 10 and MgO 24) for 24, 48 and 72 h. The concentration of nanoparticles ranges from 1nM to 1mM. Cell viability was determined by MTS assay. Neurotoxicity test was performed to determine the effects of MgO nanoparticles on human neural cells. Results indicated that MgO nanoparticles are not toxic to both undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. With further exploration, the safety and health concern regarding exposure of MgO nanoparticles can be verified since the increasing of using this nanoparticle in industry over the time.
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71
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Zhang W, Du Y, Bai M, Xi Y, Li Z, Miao J. S14G-humanin inhibits Aβ1-42 fibril formation, disaggregates preformed fibrils, and protects against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in vitro. J Pept Sci 2013; 19:159-65. [PMID: 23349038 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of soluble amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide into oligomers/fibrils is one of the key pathological features in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Aβ aggregates are considered to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD. Therefore, inhibiting Aβ aggregation and destabilizing preformed Aβ fibrils would be an attractive therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of AD. S14G-humanin (HNG), a synthetic derivative of Humanin (HN), has been shown to be a strong neuroprotective agent against various AD-related insults. Recent studies have shown that HNG can significantly improve cognitive deficits and reduce insoluble Aβ levels as well as amyloid plaque burden without affecting amyloid precursor protein processing and Aβ production in transgenic AD models. However, the potential mechanisms by which HNG reduces Aβ-related pathology in vivo remain obscure. In the present study, we found that HNG could significantly inhibit monomeric Aβ1-42 aggregation into fibrils and destabilize preformed Aβ1-42 fibrils in a concentration-dependent manner by Thioflavin T fluorescence assay. In transmission electron microscope study, we observed that HNG was effective in inhibiting Aβ1-42 fibril formation and disrupting preformed Aβ1-42 fibrils, exhibiting various types of amorphous aggregates without identifiable Aβ fibrils. Furthermore, HNG-treated monomeric or fibrillar Aβ1-42 was found to significantly reduce Aβ1-42-mediated cytotoxic effects on PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner by MTT assay. Collectively, our results demonstrate for the first time that HNG not only inhibits Aβ1-42 fibril formation but also disaggregates preformed Aβ1-42 fibrils, which provides the novel evidence that HNG may have anti-Aβ aggregation and fibrillogenesis, and fibril-destabilizing properties. Together with previous studies, we concluded that HNG may have promising therapeutic potential as a multitarget agent for the prevention and/or treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710038, China
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72
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Kim J, Sasaki Y, Yoshida W, Kobayashi N, Veloso AJ, Kerman K, Ikebukuro K, Sode K. Rapid cytotoxicity screening platform for amyloid inhibitors using a membrane-potential sensitive fluorescent probe. Anal Chem 2012; 85:185-92. [PMID: 23145996 DOI: 10.1021/ac302442q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The growing interest in membrane interactions of amyloidogenic proteins indicates that lipid binding and the regulation of membrane potential are critical to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD), Alzheimer's (AD), and prion diseases. Advancing the understanding of this field requires the application of varied biophysical and biological techniques designed to probe the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of membrane-peptide interactions. Therefore, the development of a rapid cytotoxicity evaluation system using a membrane potential-sensitive bis-oxonol fluorescent dye, DiBAC4(3) is reported here. The exposure of C-terminal truncated α-synuclein 119 (α-Syn119) and amyloid-β(1-42) (Aβ(1-42)) to U2-OS cell cultures resulted in an immediate, significant, and concentration-dependent increase in fluorescence response of DiBAC4(3). This response was strongly correlated with the cytotoxicity of α-Syn119 and Aβ(1-42) as determined by conventional CC8 and ATP assays. Furthermore, the capacity of well-defined polyphenolic antioxidants (i.e., pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), baicalein, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and myricetin) to mitigate amyloid-induced cytotoxicity was evaluated using the developed biosensing system. We envisage that this work would accelerate the development of a rapid and cost-effective high-throughput screening platform in drug discovery for AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, Koganei, Japan
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73
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Földi I, Tóth AM, Szabó Z, Mózes E, Berkecz R, Datki ZL, Penke B, Janáky T. Proteome-wide study of endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by thapsigargin in N2a neuroblastoma cells. Neurochem Int 2012; 62:58-69. [PMID: 23153458 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in intraluminal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) concentration leads to the accumulation of unfolded proteins and perturbation of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, which has a huge impact on mitochondrial functioning under normal and stress conditions and can trigger cell death. Thapsigargin (TG) is widely used to model cellular ER stress as it is a selective and powerful inhibitor of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPases. Here we provide a representative proteome-wide picture of ER stress induced by TG in N2a neuroblastoma cells. Our proteomics study revealed numerous significant protein expression changes in TG-treated N2a cell lysates analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometric protein identification. The proteomic signature supports the evidence of increased bioenergetic activity of mitochondria as several mitochondrial enzymes with roles in ATP-production, tricarboxylic acid cycle and other mitochondrial metabolic processes were upregulated. In addition, the upregulation of the main ER resident proteins confirmed the onset of ER stress during TG treatment. It has become widely accepted that metabolic activity of mitochondria is induced in the early phases in ER stress, which can trigger mitochondrial collapse and subsequent cell death. Further investigations of this cellular stress response in different neuronal model systems like N2a cells could help to elucidate several neurodegenerative disorders in which ER stress is implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Földi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
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74
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Amijee H, Bate C, Williams A, Virdee J, Jeggo R, Spanswick D, Scopes DIC, Treherne JM, Mazzitelli S, Chawner R, Eyers CE, Doig AJ. The N-methylated peptide SEN304 powerfully inhibits Aβ(1-42) toxicity by perturbing oligomer formation. Biochemistry 2012; 51:8338-52. [PMID: 23025847 DOI: 10.1021/bi300415v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Oligomeric forms of β-amyloid (Aβ) have potent neurotoxic activity and are the primary cause of neuronal injury and cell death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Compounds that perturb oligomer formation or structure may therefore be therapeutic for AD. We previously reported that d-[(chGly)-(Tyr)-(chGly)-(chGly)-(mLeu)]-NH(2) (SEN304) is able to inhibit Aβ aggregation and toxicity, shown primarily by thioflavin T fluorescence and MTT (Kokkoni, N. et al. (2006) N-Methylated peptide inhibitors of β-amyloid aggregation and toxicity. Optimisation of inhibitor structure. Biochemistry 45, 9906-9918). Here we extensively characterize how SEN304 affects Aβ(1-42) aggregation and toxicity, using biophysical assays (thioflavin T, circular dichroism, SDS-PAGE, size exclusion chromatography, surface plasmon resonance, traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry, electron microscopy, ELISA), toxicity assays in cell culture (MTT and lactate dehydrogenase in human SH-SHY5Y cells, mouse neuronal cell death and synaptophysin) and long-term potentiation in a rat hippocampal brain slice. These data, with dose response curves, show that SEN304 is a powerful inhibitor of Aβ(1-42) toxicity, particularly effective at preventing Aβ inhibition of long-term potentiation. It can bind directly to Aβ(1-42), delay β-sheet formation and promote aggregation of toxic oligomers into a nontoxic form, with a different morphology that cannot bind thioflavin T. SEN304 appears to work by inducing aggregation, and hence removal, of Aβ oligomers. It is therefore a promising lead compound for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hozefa Amijee
- Senexis Limited, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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75
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A novel 7-O-modified genistein derivative with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect, estrogenic activity and neuroprotective effect. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:1645-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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76
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Dhavale D, Henry JE. Evaluation of sialic acid-analogs for the attenuation of amyloid-beta toxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1475-80. [PMID: 22565051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is the main constituent of senile plaques and is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To that end, agents which either sequester Aβ or interfere with Aβ interaction/binding to cells have been investigated as a means to reduce the pathological effects of Aβ. METHODS Different structural analogs of sialic acid (N-acetylneuramic acid) were used to decorate a chitosan backbone using EDC chemistry. FTIR and colorimetric assays were used to characterize the complexes. The ability of these complexes to attenuate Aβ toxicity was investigated in vitro using a model neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. RESULTS Oxygen substitution in ring structure is responsible for the increase in toxicity and increase in protective properties of the complexes. Also, the multi OH tail present in sialic acid is critical to attenuate toxicity. Analogs show no protective properties which reinforces the conclusion that clustering of sugars in cellular membranes play a significant role in Aβ binding. CONCLUSIONS Successfully produced compounds that showed varying degree of efficacy in attenuating Aβ toxicity to cells in culture. This work elucidates the impact that certain structures of sialic acid and its analogs can have on Aβ binding. It will allow for more specific and detailed improvements in the therapeutic polysaccharide structures that can be developed and modified to overcome other shortcomings of AD therapeutic development, particularly of penetrating the blood-brain barrier. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Oxygen atom plays crucial role on therapeutic effectiveness. This work can help as a general guideline for further therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruva Dhavale
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, 110, Chemical Engineering, South Stadium Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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77
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A novel method for the rapid determination of beta-amyloid toxicity on acute hippocampal slices using MTT and LDH assays. Brain Res Bull 2012; 87:521-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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78
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Lü L, Zhang L, Wai MSM, Yew DTW, Xu J. Exocytosis of MTT formazan could exacerbate cell injury. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 26:636-44. [PMID: 22401948 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] method is one of the most widely used methods to analyze cell proliferation and viability. It is taken up through endocytosis and is reduced by mitochondrial enzymes as well as endosomal/lysosomal compartments, then is transported to cell surfaces to form needle-like MTT formazans; however the effect of MTT itself still remains elusive. Our objective was to investigate the direct effects of MTT on in vitro SH-SY5Y cells. Results showed that the endocytosis of MTT did not cause obvious lesion and induce cell death, but the metabolism and exocytosis of MTT could dramatically damage cells. Our results also indicated that MTT could activate apoptosis related factors such as caspase-8, caspase-3 or accelerate the leakage of cell contents after the appearance of MTT formazan crystals. The present data suggest MTT method should be carefully chosen; otherwise the cell viability would be underestimated and incomparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanhai Lü
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Northern Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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79
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Károlyi BI, Bősze S, Orbán E, Sohár P, Drahos L, Gál E, Csámpai A. Acylated mono-, bis- and tris- cinchona-based amines containing ferrocene or organic residues: synthesis, structure and in vitro antitumor activity on selected human cancer cell lines. Molecules 2012; 17:2316-29. [PMID: 22367026 PMCID: PMC6269053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17032316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel functionalized mono-, bis- and tris-(S)-{[(2S,4R,8R)-8-ethyl-quinuclidin-2-yl](6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)}methanamines including ferrocene-containing derivatives was obtained by the reaction of the precursor amine with a variety of acylation agents. Their in vitro antitumor activity was investigated against human leukemia (HL-60), human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), human hepatoma (HepG2) and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-assay and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined. Our data indicate that the precursor amine has no antitumor activity in vitro, but the bis-methanamines with ureido-, thioureido and amide-type linkers display attractive in vitro cytotoxicity and cytostatic effects on HL-60, HepG2, MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y cells. Besides 1H- and 13C-NMR methods the structures of the new model compounds were also studied by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedek Imre Károlyi
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P. O. B. 32, H-1518 Budapest-112, Hungary; (B.I.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Universiy, P. O. B. 32, H-1518 Budapest-112, Hungary; (S.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Erika Orbán
- Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Universiy, P. O. B. 32, H-1518 Budapest-112, Hungary; (S.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Pál Sohár
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P. O. B. 32, H-1518 Budapest-112, Hungary; (B.I.K.); (P.S.)
| | - László Drahos
- Chemres Institute of Structural Chemistry Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri str. 59-67, Hungary;
| | - Emese Gál
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Arany János str. 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Antal Csámpai
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P. O. B. 32, H-1518 Budapest-112, Hungary; (B.I.K.); (P.S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +36-1-372-2500 / 6591; Fax: +36-1-372-2592
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80
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Li H, Zemel R, Lopes DHJ, Monien BH, Bitan G. A two-step strategy for structure-activity relationship studies of N-methylated aβ42 C-terminal fragments as aβ42 toxicity inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:515-22. [PMID: 22307963 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxic Aβ42 oligomers are believed to be the main cause of Alzheimer's disease. Previously, we found that the C-terminal fragments (CTFs), Aβ(30-42) and Aβ(31-42) were the most potent inhibitors of Aβ42 oligomerization and toxicity in a series of Aβ(x-42) peptides (x=28-39). Therefore, we chose these peptides as leads for further development. These CTFs are short (12-13 amino acids) hydrophobic peptides with limited aqueous solubility. Our first attempt to attach hydrophilic groups to the N terminus resulted in toxic peptides. Therefore, we next incorporated N-methyl amino acids, which are known to increase the solubility of such peptides by disrupting the β-sheet formation. Focusing on Aβ(31-42), we used a two-step N-methyl amino acid substitution strategy to study the structural factors controlling inhibition of Aβ42-induced toxicity. First, each residue was substituted by N-Me-alanine (N-Me-A). In the next step, in positions where substitution produced a significant effect, we restored the original side chain. This strategy allowed exploring the role of both side chain structure and N-Me substitution in inhibitory activity. We found that the introduction of an N-Me amino acid was an effective way to increase both the aqueous solubility and the inhibitory activity of Aβ(31-42). In particular, N-Me amino acid substitution at position 9 or 11 increased the inhibitory activity relative to the parent peptide. The data suggest that inhibition of Aβ42 toxicity by short peptides is highly structure-specific, providing a basis for the design of new peptidomimetic inhibitors with improved activity, physicochemical properties, and metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Li
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 635 Charles E. Young Drive S., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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81
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Kumar S, Okello EJ, Harris JR. Experimental inhibition of fibrillogenesis and neurotoxicity by amyloid-beta (Aβ) and other disease-related peptides/proteins by plant extracts and herbal compounds. Subcell Biochem 2012; 65:295-326. [PMID: 23225009 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5416-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrillogenesis and associated cyto/neurotoxicity are major pathological events and hallmarks in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The understanding of Aβ molecular pathogenesis is currently a pharmacological target for rational drug design and discovery based on reduction of Aβ generation, inhibition of Aβ fibrillogenesis and aggregation, enhancement of Aβ clearance and amelioration of associated cytotoxicity. Molecular mechanisms for other amyloidoses, such as transthyretin amyloidosis, AL-amyloidosis, as well as α-synuclein and prion protein are also pharmacological targets for current drug therapy, design and discovery. We report on natural herbal compounds and extracts that are capable binding to and inhibiting different targets associated with AD and other amyloid-associated diseases, providing a basis for future therapeutic strategies. Many herbal compounds, including curcumin, galantamine, quercetin and other polyphenols, are under active investigation and hold considerable potential for future prophylactic and therapeutic treatment against AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, as well as systemic amyloid diseases. A common emerging theme throughout many studies is the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the compounds or herbal extracts under investigation, within the context of the inhibition of cyto/neurotoxicity and anti-amyloid activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, 10075, Dwarka, Delhi, India,
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82
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Giordano C, Sansone A, Masi A, Masci A, Mosca L, Chiaraluce R, Pasquo A, Consalvi V. Inhibition of Amyloid Peptide Fragment Aβ25-35 Fibrillogenesis and Toxicity by N-Terminal β-Amino Acid-Containing Esapeptides: Is Taurine Moiety Essential for In Vivo Effects? Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 79:30-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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83
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Wong HE, Qi W, Choi HM, Fernandez EJ, Kwon I. A safe, blood-brain barrier permeable triphenylmethane dye inhibits amyloid-β neurotoxicity by generating nontoxic aggregates. ACS Chem Neurosci 2011; 2:645-57. [PMID: 22860159 DOI: 10.1021/cn200056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that on-pathway amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are primary neurotoxic species and have a direct correlation with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). One promising therapeutic strategy to block AD progression is to reduce the levels of these neurotoxic Aβ species using small molecules. While several compounds have been shown to modulate Aβ aggregation, compounds with such activity combined with safety and high blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability have yet to be reported. Brilliant Blue G (BBG) is a close structural analogue of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved food dye and has recently garnered prominent attention as a potential drug to treat spinal cord injury due to its neuroprotective effects along with BBB permeability and high degree of safety. In this work, we demonstrate that BBG is an effective Aβ aggregation modulator, which reduces Aβ-associated cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner by promoting the formation of off-pathway, nontoxic aggregates. Comparative studies of BBG and three structural analogues, Brilliant Blue R (BBR), Brilliant Blue FCF (BBF), and Fast Green FCF (FGF), revealed that BBG is most effective, BBR is moderately effective, and BBF and FGF are least effective in modulating Aβ aggregation and cytotoxicity. Therefore, the two additional methyl groups of BBG and other structural differences between the congeners are important in the interaction of BBG with Aβ leading to formation of nontoxic Aβ aggregates. Our findings support the hypothesis that generating nontoxic aggregates using small molecule modulators is an effective strategy for reducing Aβ cytotoxicity. Furthermore, key structural features of BBG identified through structure-function studies can open new avenues into therapeutic design for combating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyung-Min Choi
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 156-743
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84
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Huynh MB, Villares J, Díaz JES, Christiaans S, Carpentier G, Ouidja MO, Sissoeff L, Raisman-Vozari R, Papy-Garcia D. Glycosaminoglycans from aged human hippocampus have altered capacities to regulate trophic factors activities but not Aβ42 peptide toxicity. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 33:1005.e11-22. [PMID: 22035591 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are major extracellular matrix components known to tightly regulate cell behavior by interacting with tissue effectors as trophic factors and other heparin binding proteins. Alterations of GAGs structures might thus modify the nature and extent of these interactions and alter tissue integrity. Here, we studied levels and composition of GAGs isolated from adult and aged human hippocampus and investigated if their changes can influence the function of important trophic factors and the Aβ42 peptide toxicity. Biochemical analyses showed that heparan sulfates are increased in the aged hippocampus. Moreover, GAGs from aged hippocampus showed altered capacities to regulate trophic factor activities without changing their capacities to protect cells from Aβ42 toxicity, compared to adult hippocampus GAGs. Structural alterations in GAGs from elderly were suggested by differential transcripts levels of key biosynthetic enzymes. C5-epimerase and 2-OST expressions were decreased while NDST-2 and 3-OST-4 were increased; in contrast, heparanase expression was unchanged. Results suggest that alteration of GAGs in hippocampus of aged subjects could participate to tissue impairment during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Bao Huynh
- Laboratoire CRRET, CNRS EAC 7149, Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
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85
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Wong HE, Kwon I. Xanthene food dye, as a modulator of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta peptide aggregation and the associated impaired neuronal cell function. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25752. [PMID: 21998691 PMCID: PMC3187789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. AD is a degenerative brain disorder that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. It has been suggested that aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is closely linked to the development of AD pathology. In the search for safe, effective modulators, we evaluated the modulating capabilities of erythrosine B (ER), a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved red food dye, on Aβ aggregation and Aβ-associated impaired neuronal cell function. Methodology/Principal Findings In order to evaluate the modulating ability of ER on Aβ aggregation, we employed transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay, and immunoassays using Aβ-specific antibodies. TEM images and ThT fluorescence of Aβ samples indicate that protofibrils are predominantly generated and persist for at least 3 days. The average length of the ER-induced protofibrils is inversely proportional to the concentration of ER above the stoichiometric concentration of Aβ monomers. Immunoassay results using Aβ-specific antibodies suggest that ER binds to the N-terminus of Aβ and inhibits amyloid fibril formation. In order to evaluate Aβ-associated toxicity we determined the reducing activity of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with Aβ aggregates formed in the absence or in the presence of ER. As the concentration of ER increased above the stoichiometric concentration of Aβ, cellular reducing activity increased and Aβ-associated reducing activity loss was negligible at 500 µM ER. Conclusions/Significance Our findings show that ER is a novel modulator of Aβ aggregation and reduces Aβ-associated impaired cell function. Our findings also suggest that xanthene dye can be a new type of small molecule modulator of Aβ aggregation. With demonstrated safety profiles and blood-brain permeability, ER represents a particularly attractive aggregation modulator for amyloidogenic proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Edward Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Inchan Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Institute on Aging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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86
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Heldt CL, Kurouski D, Sorci M, Grafeld E, Lednev IK, Belfort G. Isolating toxic insulin amyloid reactive species that lack β-sheets and have wide pH stability. Biophys J 2011; 100:2792-800. [PMID: 21641325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, are characterized by aggregation of normally functioning proteins or peptides into ordered, β-sheet rich fibrils. Most of the theories on amyloid toxicity focus on the nuclei or oligomers in the fibril formation process. The nuclei and oligomers are transient species, making their full characterization difficult. We have isolated toxic protein species that act like an oligomer and may provide the first evidence of a stable reactive species created by disaggregation of amyloid fibrils. This reactive species was isolated by dissolving amyloid fibrils at high pH and it has a mass >100 kDa and a diameter of 48 ± 15 nm. It seeds the formation of fibrils in a dose dependent manner, but using circular dichroism and deep ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy, the reactive species was found to not have a β-sheet rich structure. We hypothesize that the reactive species does not decompose at high pH and maintains its structure in solution. The remaining disaggregated insulin, excluding the toxic reactive species that elongated the fibrils, returned to native structured insulin. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that a stable reactive species of an amyloid reaction has been separated and characterized by disaggregation of amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn L Heldt
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and The Center of Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
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87
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Mozes E, Hunya A, Toth A, Ayaydin F, Penke B, Datki ZL. A novel application of the fluorescent dye bis-ANS for labeling neurons in acute brain slices. Brain Res Bull 2011; 86:217-21. [PMID: 21782906 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The cell-impermeant oligomer-(e.g. beta-amyloid-, or tubulin-) specific fluorescent dye, bis-ANS (4,4'-bis-1-anilinonaphtalene-8-sulfonate), was successfully used for labeling mechanically damaged but still viable neuron bodies, neurites and neurite cross sections in acute brain slices. Acute hippocampal brain slices of rats were co-stained with bis-ANS and the cell-impermeant, DNA-specific dye propidium iodide (PI) and were then analyzed using fluorescence and confocal microscopes. Both the neuron bodies and the neurites were found to exhibit increased fluorescence intensities, suggesting that using this method they can be detected more easily. In addition, bis-ANS showed good region - but not cell specific co-localization with the neuron-specific fluorescent dye Dil (1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate). These two dyes label different neuronal structures: Dil binds specifically to intact cell membranes while bis-ANS can enter cells with compromised cell membranes and then stain the microtubules in the cytoplasm. For a quick (10min) staining of acute brain slices with bis-ANS both HEPES and NaHCO(3) were needed in order to achieve high signal intensity. Labeling with bis-ANS fluorescent dye is an easy method for imaging the neuronal structures on the surface of acute brain slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Mozes
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Szikra utca 2, Hungary.
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88
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Neuroprotective effects of vanillyl alcohol in Gastrodia elata Blume through suppression of oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic activity in toxin-induced dopaminergic MN9D cells. Molecules 2011; 16:5349-61. [PMID: 21705974 PMCID: PMC6264347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16075349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume (GE) has long been used in oriental countries as a traditional herbal medicine to relieve symptoms associated with neurological ailments such as vertigo, general paralysis and epilepsy. In this study, we have investigated the effects of GE extracts and its major bioactive components on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated MN9D dopaminergic cells, a classic in vitro model for Parkinson’s disease (PD). We found that vanillyl alcohol effectively inhibited the cytotoxicity and improved cell viability in MPP+-induced MN9D dopaminergic cells. The underlying mechanisms of vanillyl alcohol action were also studied. Vanillyl alcohol attenuated the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, decreased in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase proteolysis. These results indicate that vanillyl alcohol protected dopaminergic MN9D cells against MPP+-induced apoptosis by relieving oxidative stress and modulating the apoptotic process and is therefore a potential candidate for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease.
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89
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Földi I, Datki ZL, Szabó Z, Bozsó Z, Penke B, Janáky T. Proteomic study of the toxic effect of oligomeric Aβ1-42 in situ prepared from 'iso-Aβ1-42'. J Neurochem 2011; 117:691-702. [PMID: 21388376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of neurodegenerative disorders even so the exact pathomechanism is still unclear. Recently, it is widely accepted that amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) toxicity is positively linked to Aβ oligomers, which may be responsible for the initiation of AD. For this reason, AD research requires well defined aggregation state and structure of Aβ. Precursor peptide 'iso-Aβ1-42' makes it possible to use Aβ1-42 with well- defined aggregation state for in vitro and in vivo experiments. The aim of this study was to identify protein expression changes from differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells after treatment with oligomeric Aβ1-42 prepared in situ from 'iso-Aβ1-42'. In our experiment, a cell viability assay revealed a strong and time-dependent toxic effect of oligomeric Aβ1-42 which was supported by dramatic morphological changes. Our proteomics study also revealed numerous significant protein expression changes (22 proteins down- and 25 proteins up-regulated) after comparison of the untreated and Aβ1-42-treated cell lysates by two-dimensional electrophoresis. From the functional classification of the identified proteins, we found deregulations of proteins involved in metabolic processes, cytoskeleton organisation and protein biosynthesis and a huge number of up-regulated stress proteins displayed oligomeric Aβ1-42-induced cell stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Földi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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90
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Hochdörffer K, März-Berberich J, Nagel-Steger L, Epple M, Meyer-Zaika W, Horn AHC, Sticht H, Sinha S, Bitan G, Schrader T. Rational design of β-sheet ligands against Aβ42-induced toxicity. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:4348-58. [PMID: 21381732 DOI: 10.1021/ja107675n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A β-sheet-binding scaffold was equipped with long-range chemical groups for tertiary contacts toward specific regions of the Alzheimer's Aβ fibril. The new constructs contain a trimeric aminopyrazole carboxylic acid, elongated with a C-terminal binding site, whose influence on the aggregation behavior of the Aβ(42) peptide was studied. MD simulations after trimer docking to the anchor point (F19/F20) suggest distinct groups of complex structures each of which featured additional specific interactions with characteristic Aβ regions. Members of each group also displayed a characteristic pattern in their antiaggregational behavior toward Aβ. Specifically, remote lipophilic moieties such as a dodecyl, cyclohexyl, or LPFFD fragment can form dispersive interactions with the nonpolar cluster of amino acids between I31 and V36. They were shown to strongly reduce Thioflavine T (ThT) fluorescence and protect cells from Aβ lesions (MTT viability assays). Surprisingly, very thick fibrils and a high β-sheet content were detected in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and CD spectroscopic experiments. On the other hand, distant single or multiple lysines which interact with the ladder of stacked E22 residues found in Aβ fibrils completely dissolve existing β-sheets (ThT, CD) and lead to unstructured, nontoxic material (TEM, MTT). Finally, the triethyleneglycol spacer between heterocyclic β-sheet ligand and appendix was found to play an active role in destabilizing the turn of the U-shaped protofilament. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and sedimentation velocity analysis (SVA) provided experimental evidence for some smaller benign aggregates of very thin, delicate structure (TEM, MTT). A detailed investigation by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and other methods proved that none of the new ligands acts as a colloid. The evolving picture for the disaggregation mechanism by these new hybrid ligands implies transformation of well-ordered fibrils into less structured aggregates with a high molecular weight. In the few cases where fibrillar components remain, these display a significantly altered morphology and have lost their acute cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Hochdörffer
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Fachbereich Chemie, Universitätstrasse 5, 45117 Essen, Germany
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91
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Hwang DS, Kim HG, Kwon HJ, Cho JH, Lee CH, Lee JM, Jang JB, Kim YS, Lee KS, Oh MS. Dangguijakyak-san, a medicinal herbal formula, protects dopaminergic neurons from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:934-939. [PMID: 21075188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Dangguijakyak-san (DJS) is a multi-herbal formula that has long been widely used in traditional Oriental medicine to treat gynecologic disorders, including neurological symptoms. Recent clinical and experimental studies have reported aging and anti-neurodegenerative effects of DJS. In this study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of DJS on dopaminergic (DA) neurons damaged by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate the protective effects of DJS, we analyzed viability in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) staining in primary DA cells. To explore the possible mechanism(s) of neuroprotection, we assessed anti-oxidant activity by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels. To determine mitochondria-mediated apoptotic activity, we examined mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activation. RESULTS DJS at 0.05-5 μg/mL significantly protected SH-SY5Y cells from 6-OHDA toxicity, dose-dependently, and attenuated 6-OHDA damage in primary DA cells. DJS reduced 6-OHDA-induced intracellular ROS production and GSH depletion and inhibited mitochondrial membrane instability, cytosolic cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that DJS has neuroprotective effects in DA neurons against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity through anti-oxidant and anti-mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Sang Hwang
- Department of Oriental Gynecology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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92
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Kumar S, Seal CJ, Howes MJR, Kite GC, Okello EJ. In vitro protective effects of Withania somnifera (L.) dunal root extract against hydrogen peroxide and β-amyloid(1-42)-induced cytotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells. Phytother Res 2011; 24:1567-74. [PMID: 20680931 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera L. Dunal (Solanaceae), also known as 'ashwagandha' in Sanskrit and as 'Indian ginseng', is used widely in Ayurvedic medicine as a nerve tonic and memory enhancer, with antiaging, antistress, immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. There is a paucity of data on the potential neuroprotective effects of W. somnifera root, as traditionally used, against H(2)O(2)- and Aβ((1-42))-induced cytotoxicity which are current targets for novel approaches to treat dementia, especially dementia of the Alzheimer's type (AD). In this study, an aqueous extract prepared from the dried roots of W. somnifera was assessed for potential protective effects against H(2)O(2)- and Aβ((1-42))-aggregated fibril cytotoxicity by an MTT assay using a differentiated rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line. The results suggest that pretreatments of differentiated PC12 cells with aqueous extracts of W. somnifera root significantly protect differentiated PC12 cells against both H(2)O(2)- and Aβ((1-42))-induced cytotoxicity, in a concentration dependent manner. To investigate the compounds that could explain the observed effects, the W. somnifera extract was analysed by liquid chromatography-serial mass spectrometry and numerous withanolide derivatives, including withaferin A, were detected. These results demonstrate the neuroprotective properties of an aqueous extract of W. somnifera root and may provide some explanation for the putative ethnopharmacological uses of W. somnifera for cognitive and other neurodegenerative disorders that are associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Medicinal Plant Research Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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93
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Kim IS, Koppula S, Kim BW, Song MD, Jung JY, Lee G, Lee HS, Choi DK. A novel synthetic compound PHID (8-Phenyl-6a, 7, 8, 9, 9a, 10-hexahydro-6H-isoindolo [5, 6-g] quinoxaline-7, 9-dione) protects SH-SY5Y cells against MPP+-induced cytotoxicity through inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation and JNK signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 650:48-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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94
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Costa S, Cervellati R, Speroni E, Guerra M, Greco E. Free radicals and antioxidants in two oxidative-stress cell models exposed to ochratoxin A and amyloid β: unexpected results. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2010. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2010.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is reported to be closely related to pathogenetic mechanisms and plays a central role in several molecular toxicities. It seems reasonable to hypothesize that antioxidant molecules and/or free radical scavengers can protect from oxidative stress-induced damage by quenching free-radical reactions. Leontopodic acid (LA) is a fully substituted, hexaric acid derivative isolated from Leontopodium alpinum Cass., commonly known as ‘Edelweiss’ (Asteraceae family), and exhibits significant chemical antioxidant power. The present study was designed to evaluate LA’s capacity to counteract induced oxidative stress in two in vitro cell models: one exposed the LLC-PK1 cell line to ochratoxin A and the other exposed the differentiated SH-SY5Y cells to amyloid β. The effects of a 24 h pretreatment with LA on induced ROS (reactive oxygen species) production and cytotoxicity were evaluated in the two models. Surprisingly, the results showed that while LA decreased ROS production, it did not increase cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - R. Cervellati
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - E. Speroni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Guerra
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - E. Greco
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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95
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An H, Kim IS, Koppula S, Kim BW, Park PJ, Lim BO, Choi WS, Lee KH, Choi DK. Protective effects of Gastrodia elata Blume on MPP+-induced cytotoxicity in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 130:290-298. [PMID: 20470875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Gastrodia elata (GE) Blume (Orchidaceae) has been traditionally used as a folk medicine in Oriental countries since centuries for their variety of therapeutic benefits. This study is an attempt to investigate the protective effects of GE extract against MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells and explore the neuroprotective mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells were used to demonstrate the protective effects of GE against multiple parameters such as MPP(+)-induced cell viability, oxidative damage, expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase proteolysis. RESULTS GE effectively attenuated the cytotoxicity and improved cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. GE was effective in inhibiting both, the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3 and PARP proteolysis. CONCLUSION Data from this study suggests the protective effects of GE on MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity in dopaminergic cells, which may be ascribed to its significant anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties, thus, GE might prove to be a valuable therapeutic agent for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases including progressive Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua An
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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96
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Ebrahim-Habibi MB, Amininasab M, Ebrahim-Habibi A, Sabbaghian M, Nemat-Gorgani M. Fibrillation of α-lactalbumin: Effect of crocin and safranal, two natural small molecules from Crocus sativus. Biopolymers 2010; 93:854-65. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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97
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Li H, Monien BH, Fradinger EA, Urbanc B, Bitan G. Biophysical characterization of Abeta42 C-terminal fragments: inhibitors of Abeta42 neurotoxicity. Biochemistry 2010; 49:1259-67. [PMID: 20050679 DOI: 10.1021/bi902075h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A key event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is age-dependent, brain accumulation of amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) leading to Abeta self-association into neurotoxic oligomers. Previously, we showed that Abeta oligomerization and neurotoxicity could be inhibited by C-terminal fragments (CTFs) of Abeta42. Because these CTFs are highly hydrophobic, we asked if they themselves aggregated and, if so, what parameters regulated their aggregation. To answer these questions, we investigated the dependence of CTF aqueous solubility, aggregation kinetics, and morphology on peptide length and sequence and the correlation between these characteristics and inhibition of Abeta42-induced toxicity. We found that CTFs up to 8 residues long were soluble at concentrations >100 microM and had a low propensity to aggregate. Longer CTFs were soluble at approximately 1-80 microM, and most, but not all, readily formed beta-sheet-rich fibrils. Comparison to Abeta40-derived CTFs showed that the C-terminal dipeptide I41-A42 strongly promoted aggregation. Aggregation propensity correlated with the previously reported tendency to form beta-hairpin conformation but not with inhibition of Abeta42-induced neurotoxicity. The data enhance our understanding of the physical characteristics that affect CTF activity and advance our ability to design, synthesize, and test future generations of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Li
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 635 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Kim IS, Koppula S, Park PJ, Kim EH, Kim CG, Choi WS, Lee KH, Choi DK. Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat (CM) extract protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against MPP+-induced cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 126:447-454. [PMID: 19770030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat (Asteraceae) has (CM) long been used in Korean and Chinese traditional herbal medicines with numerous therapeutic applications. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the neuroprotective activities of Chrysanthemum morifolium (CM) extract against 1-methyl-4-phenylpridinium ions (MPP(+)), Parkinsonian toxin through oxidative stress and impaired energy metabolism, in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of CM against MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity and neuronal cell viability, oxidative damage, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteolysis were evaluated by using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. RESULTS CM effectively inhibited the cytotoxicity and improved cell viability. CM also attenuated the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP proteolysis. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that CM possesses potent neuroprotective activity and therefore, might be a potential candidate in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 322 Danwol-dong, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
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C-terminal peptides coassemble into Abeta42 oligomers and protect neurons against Abeta42-induced neurotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:14175-80. [PMID: 18779585 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0807163105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related disorder that threatens to become an epidemic as the world population ages. Neurotoxic oligomers of Abeta42 are believed to be the main cause of AD; therefore, disruption of Abeta oligomerization is a promising approach for developing therapeutics for AD. Formation of Abeta42 oligomers is mediated by intermolecular interactions in which the C terminus plays a central role. We hypothesized that peptides derived from the C terminus of Abeta42 may get incorporated into oligomers of Abeta42, disrupt their structure, and thereby inhibit their toxicity. We tested this hypothesis using Abeta fragments with the general formula Abeta(x-42) (x = 28-39). A cell viability screen identified Abeta(31-42) as the most potent inhibitor. In addition, the shortest peptide, Abeta(39-42), also had high activity. Both Abeta(31-42) and Abeta(39-42) inhibited Abeta-induced cell death and rescued disruption of synaptic activity by Abeta42 oligomers at micromolar concentrations. Biophysical characterization indicated that the action of these peptides likely involved stabilization of Abeta42 in nontoxic oligomers. Computer simulations suggested a mechanism by which the fragments coassembled with Abeta42 to form heterooligomers. Thus, Abeta(31-42) and Abeta(39-42) are leads for obtaining mechanism-based drugs for treatment of AD using a systematic structure-activity approach.
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Pensalfini A, Cecchi C, Zampagni M, Becatti M, Favilli F, Paoli P, Catarzi S, Bagnoli S, Nacmias B, Sorbi S, Liguri G. Protective effect of new S-acylglutathione derivatives against amyloid-induced oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1624-36. [PMID: 18294463 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 12/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent data support the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). In particular, glutathione (GSH) metabolism is altered and its levels are decreased in affected brain regions and peripheral cells from AD patients and in experimental models of AD. In the past decade, interest in the protective effects of various antioxidants aimed at increasing intracellular GSH content has been growing. Because much experimental evidence suggests a possible protective role of unsaturated fatty acids in age-related diseases, we designed the synthesis of new S-acylglutathione (acyl-SG) thioesters. S-Lauroylglutathione (lauroyl-SG) and S-palmitoleoylglutathione (palmitoleoyl-SG) were easily internalized into the cells and they significantly reduced Abeta42-induced oxidative stress in human neurotypic SH-SY5Y cells. In particular, acyl-SG thioesters can prevent the impairment of intracellular ROS scavengers, intracellular ROS accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptotic pathway activation. Palmitoleoyl-SG seemed more effective in cellular protection against Abeta-induced oxidative damage than lauroyl-SG, suggesting a valuable role for the monounsaturated fatty acid. In this study, we demonstrate that acyl-SG derivatives completely avoid the sharp lipoperoxidation in primary fibroblasts from familial AD patients occurring after exposure to Abeta42 aggregates. Hence, we put forward these derivatives as new antioxidant compounds which could be excellent candidates for therapeutic treatment of AD and other oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pensalfini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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