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Guimarães PL, Tavares DQ, Carrião GS, Oliveira MEH, Oliveira CR. Potential of marine compounds in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: a review. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e266795. [PMID: 36921191 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.266795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are characterized, especially, by the progressive loss of neurons, resulting in neuropsychomotor dysfunctions. Even with a high prevalence, NDs are treated with drugs that alleviate the symptoms of patients, but which develop adverse events and still do not inhibit the progression of the disease. Thus, within a new pharmacological perspective, this review aimed to verify the therapeutic potential of natural compounds of marine origin against ND. For this, an integrative review was carried out, according to the PRISMA methodology, which included steps such as: search, pre-selection and inclusion of articles. The results described revealed species such as Acaudina malpodioides, Holothuria scabra and Xylaria sp., which presented important evidence in relation to Alzheimer's, reducing the generation of ROS, presenting neuroprotective effects and reducing the concentration of Aβ peptide. Regarding Parkinson's disease (PD), another example of ND, the bioactive compounds from Holothuria scabra and Xylaria sp., showed to be able to reduce the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, reduce the deposition of alpha synuclein and reduce the formation of Mutant Huntingtin protein (Mhtt). The other marine compounds and bioactive substances are also described in this review. In conclusion, the evaluated studies indicate that compounds of marine origin emerge as a promising source of bioactive compounds, revealing an important therapeutic potential for the treatment of ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Guimarães
- Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, Escola de Medicina, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - D Q Tavares
- Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, Escola de Medicina, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - G S Carrião
- Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, Escola de Medicina, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - M E H Oliveira
- Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, Escola de Medicina, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - C R Oliveira
- Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, Escola de Medicina, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Biomédica, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
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Back GD, Oliveira MR, Camargo PF, Goulart CL, Oliveira CR, Wende KW, Bonjorno Junior JC, Arbex RF, Caruso FR, Arena R, Borghi-Silva A. Mild-to-moderate COVID-19 impact on the cardiorespiratory fitness in young and middle-aged populations. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e12118. [PMID: 35857999 PMCID: PMC9296123 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to compare pulmonary function test (PFT) and
cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performance in COVID-19 survivors with a
control group (CG). This was a cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with
COVID-19, without severe signs and symptoms, were evaluated one month after the
infection. Healthy volunteers matched for sex and age constituted the control
group. All volunteers underwent the following assessments: i) clinical
evaluation, ii) PTF; and iii) CPET on a cycle ergometer. Metabolic variables
were measured by the CareFusion Oxycon Mobile device. In addition, heart rate
responses, peak systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and perceived exertion
were recorded. Twenty-nine patients with COVID-19 and 18 healthy control
subjects were evaluated. Surviving patients of COVID-19 had a mean age of 40
years and had higher body mass index and persistent symptoms compared to the CG
(P<0.05), but patients with COVID-19 had more comorbidities, number of
medications, and greater impairment of lung function (P<0.05). Regarding
CPET, patients surviving COVID-19 had reduced peak workload, oxygen uptake
(V̇O2), carbon dioxide output
(V̇CO2), circulatory power (CP), and end-tidal
pressure for carbon dioxide (PETCO2) (P<0.05). Additionally, survivors had depressed
chronotropic and ventilatory responses, low peak oxygen saturation, and greater
muscle fatigue (P<0.05) compared to CG. Despite not showing signs
and symptoms of severe disease during infection, adult survivors had losses of
lung function and cardiorespiratory capacity one month after recovery from
COVID-19. In addition, cardiovascular, ventilatory, and lower limb fatigue
responses were the main exercise limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Back
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - M R Oliveira
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - P F Camargo
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - C L Goulart
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - C R Oliveira
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - K W Wende
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - J C Bonjorno Junior
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - R F Arbex
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - F R Caruso
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - R Arena
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Borghi-Silva
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.,Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
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Avni-Singer LR, Yakely A, Sheth SS, Shapiro ED, Niccolai LM, Oliveira CR. Assessing sociodemographic differences in human papillomavirus vaccine impact studies in the United States: a systematic review using narrative synthesis. Public Health 2020; 178:137-150. [PMID: 31698136 PMCID: PMC6994345 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sociodemographic disparities in the incidence and mortality of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated conditions have been well documented in the pre-HPV vaccine era. It is still unknown if the introduction of routine vaccination has been effective in reducing these prevaccine era inequalities. The purpose of this review was to determine the utilization of sociodemographic variables to assess for disparities in population-level HPV vaccine impact research and to evaluate the current evidence for disparities in the reduction of HPV-associated conditions after vaccine introduction in the United States (US). STUDY DESIGN A systematic review of the literature from January 2007 through March 2018 was carried out to identify studies evaluating the impact HPV vaccines have had on the rates of HPV infection, genital warts, and cervical dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 1+) in the US. An in-depth review was then performed to synthesize these data and to assess the way prior studies have reported and evaluated for potential disparities in the vaccine's impact within various racial, ethnic, and/or socio-economic subgroups of the population. METHODS Vaccine impact studies measure the change in the population-level burden of disease prelicensure versus postlicensure of the vaccine. We systematically searched PubMed/Medline and Embase, combining search terms related to the HPV vaccine, sentinel surveillance, and HPV-associated conditions. Eligible studies were those with population-level, postvaccine introduction data that were conducted in the US. Finally, a cited reference search was conducted for all included articles using the Web of Science platform that accesses three major citation indexes: Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts and Humanities Citation Index. This allowed us to screen not only the articles that were cited by our final collection of studies but also the articles that used our selected studies as one of their references. The study protocol is registered in PROSPERO (#CRD42018107579). RESULTS Overall, 23 of the 4139 references retrieved assessed the population-level impact of HPV vaccines between January 1, 2007, and March 29, 2018. Among these, 13 (57%) reported sociodemographic data. Only two articles reported stratified results by sociodemographic factors, thereby allowing assessment for potential disparate impact. One of these studies described differences in the impact of the vaccine by race, ethnicity, and income. CONCLUSION Although approximately half of the studies that assessed the impact of the HPV vaccine measured sociodemographic characteristics, few presented results in a way that allowed for the identification of potential differences in impact between the relevant subgroups of the population. Determining to what extent, if any, vaccines are reducing known sociodemographic disparities is an important public health priority and an essential step in developing immunization strategies that are beneficial for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Avni-Singer
- Yale School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - A Yakely
- Yale School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - S S Sheth
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208063, Suite 302 FMB, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - E D Shapiro
- Yale School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 208064, New Haven, CT, 06520-8064, USA
| | - L M Niccolai
- Yale School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - C R Oliveira
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 208064, New Haven, CT, 06520-8064, USA
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Oliveira CR, Garcia TD, Franco-Belussi L, Salla RF, Souza BFS, de Melo NFS, Irazusta SP, Jones-Costa M, Silva-Zacarin ECM, Fraceto LF. Pyrethrum extract encapsulated in nanoparticles: Toxicity studies based on genotoxic and hematological effects in bullfrog tadpoles. Environ Pollut 2019; 253:1009-1020. [PMID: 31434178 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The environment receives about 2.7 kg.ha-1 annually of pesticides, used in crop production. Pesticides may have a negative impact on environmental biodiversity and potentially induce physiological effects on non-target species. Advances in technology and nanocarrier systems for agrochemicals led to new alternatives to minimize these impacts, such as nanopesticides, considered more efficient, safe and sustainable. However, it is important to evaluate the risk potential, action and toxicity of nanopesticides in aquatic and terrestrial organisms. This study aims to evaluate genotoxic and hematological biomarkers in bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) submitted to acute exposure (48 h) to pyrethrum extract (PYR) and solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with PYR. Results showed increased number of leukocytes during acute exposure, specifically eosinophils in nanoparticle-exposed groups, and basophil in PYR-exposed group. Hematological analysis showed that PYR encapsulated in nanoparticles significantly increased the erythrocyte number compared to the other exposed groups. Data from the comet assay indicated an increase in frequency of the classes that correspond to more severe DNA damages in exposed groups, being that the PYR-exposed group showed a high frequency of class-4 DNA damage. Moreover, erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities were triggered by short-time exposure in all treatments, which showed effects significantly higher than the control group. These results showed genotoxic responses in tadpoles, which could trigger cell death pathways. Concluding, these analyses are important for applications in assessment of contaminated aquatic environments and their biomonitoring, which will evaluate the potential toxicity of xenobiotics, for example, the nanoparticles and pyrethrum extract in frog species. However, further studies are needed to better understand the effects of nanopesticides and botanical insecticides on non-target organisms, in order to contribute to regulatory aspects of future uses for these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba, Laboratório de Nanotecnologia Ambiental, Av. Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação e Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Biomarcadores em Animais, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - T D Garcia
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - L Franco-Belussi
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Instituto de Biociências, Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Avenida Costa e Silva, s/n, Bairro Universitário, 79002-970, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - R F Salla
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, R. Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - B F S Souza
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação e Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Biomarcadores em Animais, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - N F S de Melo
- Faculdade de Medicina São Leopoldo Mandic, Campus Araras, Av. Dona Renata, 71, Santa Cândida, 13600-001, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - S P Irazusta
- Faculdade de Tecnologia de Sorocaba (FATEC), Centro Estadual de Educação Tecnológica Paula Souza, Campus Sorocaba, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Av. Eng. Carlos R. Mendes, 2015, Além Ponte, 18013-280, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - M Jones-Costa
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação e Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Biomarcadores em Animais, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - E C M Silva-Zacarin
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação e Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Biomarcadores em Animais, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - L F Fraceto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba, Laboratório de Nanotecnologia Ambiental, Av. Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
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Ricci PA, Cabiddu R, Jürgensen SP, André LD, Oliveira CR, Di Thommazo-Luporini L, Ortega FP, Borghi-Silva A. Validation of the two-minute step test in obese with comorbibities and morbidly obese patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8402. [PMID: 31482976 PMCID: PMC6720022 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary fitness assessment is a valuable resource to obtain quantitative indicators of an individual's physical performance. The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX), considered the gold standard test for this evaluation, is costly and difficult to be accessed by the general population. In order to make this evaluation more accessible, and to better reflect the performance of daily life activities, alternative tests were proposed. Morbidly obese patients present limitations that impair physical performance assessment and could benefit from a test of shorter duration, provided it is validated. This observational study aimed to validate the two-minute step test (2MST) as a tool to evaluate functional capacity (FC) in obese with comorbidities and morbidly obese patients, compared the 2MST with CPX as a measure of physical performance, and developed a predictive equation to estimate peak oxygen uptake (VO2) in the 2MST. The CPX and the 2MST were performed and metabolic and ventilatory parameters were recorded in 31 obese individuals (BMI>35 kg/m2). Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the peak VO2 best predictors. Bland-Altman analysis was performed to assess the agreement between the two methods. Peak VO2 measured by CPX and 2MST showed a strong correlation (r=0.70, P<0.001) and there was a moderate correlation between peak VO2 of the 2MST and the number of up-and-down step cycles (UDS) (r=0.55; P=0.01). The reference equation obtained was: VO2 (mL·kg-1·min-1) = 13.341 + 0.138 × total UDS – (0.183 × BMI), with an estimated standard error of 1.3 mL·kg-1·min-1. The 2MST is a viable, practical, and easily accessible test for FC. UDS and BMI can predict peak VO2 satisfactorily.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Ricci
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - R Cabiddu
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - S P Jürgensen
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - L D André
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - C R Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - L Di Thommazo-Luporini
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - F P Ortega
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - A Borghi-Silva
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
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Velho GS, Oliveira CR, Berlitz CGB, Luiz DSV, Chaiben MFC, Dalto AGC, Borges JBS. 13 Evaluation of PG-3-G presynchronization in Ovsynch-P programs in lactating dairy cows: Preliminary results. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv31n1ab13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Presynchronization treatments associated with the Ovsynch protocol and its modifications have been used to improve reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows. Use of a PG-3-G protocol is indicated to increase the number of cows in the most ideal stage of the oestrous cycle (Days 5-9) at first gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) injection of the Ovsynch protocol. The objective of this study was to compare fertility of lactating dairy cows submitted to Ovsynch-P, preceded by PG-3-G protocol or not. A total of 86 Holstein cows [body condition score of 2.6±0.2 (1-to-5 scale), 3 and 10 years old, mean milk yield of 28.1±7.9kg per day, and 118±56 days postpartum period] maintained in a semi-intensive system were blocked by parity and date of calving and randomly assigned to groups: control (n=44) and PG-3-G (n=42). On Day -10 cows in the PG-3-G group received an injection of 500µg of sodium cloprostenol IM (Estron, Agener União, Brazil), and on Day -7 they received 0.05mg of Lecirelin IM (GnRH, Gestran, Agener União). On Day 0, all cows had the first dose of Ovsynch GnRH injection and a 1-g progesterone intravaginal implant (P4, Primer, Agener União). On Day 7, a dose of sodium cloprostenol was administered to induce corpus luteum (CL) luteolysis, and the P4 implant was removed. Forty-eight hours later, cows were injected with the second dose of GnRH and inseminated 12 to 18h later. The presence of CL and ovulatory follicle (OF) diameter were determined by transrectal ultrasonography (Aquila, Pie Medical, Maastricht, the Netherlands) on Days 0, 7, and 9, and gestation diagnosis was done on Day 30 after AI. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Pearson correlation tests in SPSS 18 (Armonk, NY, USA), considering P=0.05 significant and a tendency when P>0.05 but P=0.10. Incidence of CL on Day 0 tended to be more frequent (P=0.1) in the PG-3-G group (78.6%) compared with the control (59%), but CL presence on Day 7 did not differ (P=0.98) between the groups (35 and 34%, respectively). Based on the odds ratio, PG-3-G cows were 2.16 times more likely to have a CL on Day 0. The mean diameter of OF on Day 9 was smaller (P<0.05) in PG-3-G cows (12.6mm) than in control cows (15.3mm), and a negative correlation was detected (r=−0.29) between the presence of CL on Day 0 and the diameter of OF on Day 9 (P=0.05). Pregnancies per AI tended (P=0.08) to be higher in PG-3-G cows (52%) than in control cows (34%). In summary, cows submitted to presynchronization with the PG-3-G protocol presented higher frequency of CL on Day 0 and tended to have a higher pregnancies per AI compared with control cows.
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Borges JBS, Luiz DSV, Aguiar PRL, Berlitz CGB, Velho GS, Oliveira CR, Guerreiro BM, Freitas BG, Dalto AGC. 8 Evaluation of puberty induction protocol in peripubertal beef heifers prior to fixed-time AI programs. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv31n1ab8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Beef heifers that conceive early during their first breeding season calve earlier, wean heavier calves, and tend to continue doing so throughout the rest of their reproductive lives. Otherwise, under extensively managed systems in Southern Brazil, only a variable proportion of 2-year-old beef heifers reach puberty before the start of the breeding season. The aim of this study was to evaluate a protocol to induce puberty in peripubertal beef heifers using injectable progesterone (P4) and oestradiol cypionate (EC) to improve pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in fixed-time AI (FTAI) programs. A total of 311 Angus heifers, 24±3 months of age, 3.1±0.3 body condition score (1=emaciated; 5=obese), and 328±41kg of body weight (BW), were examined before FTAI protocol (Day −24) by transrectal ultrasonography to determine reproductive tract score (RTS; 1=prepubertal; 5=pubertal). Prepubertal heifers (RTS 1; 12.8%, 40/311) were excluded from the study. Heifers with RTS=2 (n=271) were assigned to 2 groups: P4 (RTS 2 or 3, n=100) and cyclic (RTS 4 and 5, n=171). Peripubertal heifers were treated on Day −24 with 150mg of injectable P4 IM (Sincrogest® injectable, Ourofino Animal Health, Cravinhos, Brazil) and on Day −12 received 1mg of EC IM (Sincro CP®, Ourofino Animal Health). Cyclic heifers received no hormonal treatment before FTAI protocol. On Day 0, heifers in the P4 group were evaluated again to determine RTS, body condition score, and BW. Induction of puberty was defined by the presence of a follicle >8.5mm (RTS=4) or a corpus luteum (RTS=5). All heifers received an FTAI protocol consisting of 2mg of oestradiol benzoate IM (Sincrodiol®, Ourofino Animal Health) and an intravaginal progesterone implant (1 g; Sincrogest®, Ourofino Animal Health). On Day 8, heifers had implants removed and were injected with 1mg of EC and 500µg of sodium cloprostenol IM (Sincrocio®, Ourofino Animal Health). After 48h, all heifers received an FTAI. Thirty days after AI, the diagnosis of gestation was performed by ultrasonography. Statistics included chi-square and linear regression with coefficients analysed as independent variables, considering a significant P-value of 0.05. On Day 0, percentages of RTS 5, 4, and 3 in the P4 heifers were 37, 27, and 36%, respectively, resulting in 64% of puberty induction. The P/AI was similar (P=0.14) in P4-treated and cyclic heifers (59v. 50.3%, respectively). The regression analysis presented a linear and positive effect of BW on P/AI (P<0.001) in cyclic heifers and a positive influence of BW on RTS (P=0.05) and RTS on P/AI (P=0.008) in P4-treated heifers. The application of RTS system associated with P4 treatment of peripubertal heifers before FTAI protocol improved ovarian activity and might have contributed to higher P/AI, comparable with that achieved in cyclic heifers.
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Pereira BA, Chaves BR, Teles MC, Pontelo TP, Oliveira CR, Souza RV, Rodríguez‐Gil JE, Zangeronimo MG. Chlorogenic acid improves the quality of boar semen subjected to cooled storage at 15°C. Andrologia 2018; 50:e12978. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. A. Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Lavras Lavras Brazil
| | - B. R. Chaves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Lavras Lavras Brazil
| | - M. C. Teles
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Lavras Lavras Brazil
| | - T. P. Pontelo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Lavras Lavras Brazil
| | - C. R. Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Lavras Lavras Brazil
| | - R. V. Souza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Lavras Lavras Brazil
| | - J. E. Rodríguez‐Gil
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery Autonomous University of Barcelona Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Spain
| | - M. G. Zangeronimo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Lavras Lavras Brazil
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Moret-Tatay C, Lami A, Oliveira CR, Beneyto-Arrojo MJ. The mediational role of distracting stimuli in emotional word recognition. Psicol Reflex Crit 2018; 31:1. [PMID: 32026137 PMCID: PMC6967244 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-017-0082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotions are considered distractions that often prompt subsequent actions. In this way, the aim of this work was to examine the role of distracting stimuli on the relationship of RT and accuracy. In order to do that, a word recognition task was carried out in which emotional valence was manipulated. More precisely, a mediational model, testing how changes in distracting stimuli mediate RT predicting accuracy across emotional conditions, was carried out. The results suggest that changes in task demands should distract from the secondary task to the extent that these task demands implicate and affect accuracy. Moreover, the distracting task seems to mediate between accuracy and the target task under emotional stimuli, showing the negative distracting condition to be the most remarkable effect. Furthermore, neutral distracting latencies did not affect accuracy. Understanding the mechanisms by which emotion impairs cognitive functions has important implications in several fields, such as affective disorders. However, the effects of emotion on goal-directed cognitive processing remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Moret-Tatay
- Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, calle Guillem de Castro 175, 46008 Valencia, Spain
| | - A. Lami
- Universidad de València, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez, 46021 Valencia, Spain
| | - C. R. Oliveira
- IMED Passo Fundo, Rua Senador Pinheiro, 304-Vila Rodrigues, Passo Fundo - RS, 99070-220 Brazil
| | - M. J. Beneyto-Arrojo
- Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, calle Guillem de Castro 175, 46008 Valencia, Spain
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Jürgensen SP, Trimer R, Di Thommazo-Luporini L, Dourado VZ, Bonjorno-Junior JC, Oliveira CR, Arena R, Borghi-Silva A. Does the incremental shuttle walk test require maximal effort in young obese women? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 49:S0100-879X2016000800703. [PMID: 27409333 PMCID: PMC4954735 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease with a multifaceted treatment approach that includes nutritional counseling, structured exercise training, and increased daily physical activity. Increased body mass elicits higher cardiovascular, ventilatory and metabolic demands to varying degrees during exercise. With functional capacity assessment, this variability can be evaluated so individualized guidance for exercise training and daily physical activity can be provided. The aim of the present study was to compare cardiovascular, ventilatory and metabolic responses obtained during a symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) on a treadmill to responses obtained by the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) in obese women and to propose a peak oxygen consumption (VO2) prediction equation through variables obtained during the ISWT. Forty obese women (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) performed one treadmill CPX and two ISWTs. Heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (ABP) and perceived exertion by the Borg scale were measured at rest, during each stage of the exercise protocol, and throughout the recovery period. The predicted maximal heart rate (HRmax) was calculated (210 - age in years) (16) and compared to the HR response during the CPX. Peak VO2 obtained during CPX correlated significantly (P<0.05) with ISWT peak VO2 (r=0.79) as well as ISWT distance (r=0.65). The predictive model for CPX peak VO2, using age and ISWT distance explained 67% of the variability. The current study indicates the ISWT may be used to predict aerobic capacity in obese women when CPX is not a viable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Jürgensen
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - R Trimer
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - L Di Thommazo-Luporini
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - V Z Dourado
- Departamento de Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J C Bonjorno-Junior
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - C R Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - R Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy and Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Borghi-Silva
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
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11
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Barbosa MIF, Correa RS, Bastos TM, Pozzi LV, Moreira DRM, Ellena J, Doriguetto AC, Silveira RG, Oliveira CR, Kuznetsov AE, Malta VS, Soares MBP, Batista AA. Structural isomerism of Ru(ii)-carbonyl complexes: synthesis, characterization and their antitrypanosomal activities. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00125h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
New complexes with the formula [RuCl(CO)(dppb)(N–N)]PF6 were prepared by varying the CO position as well as the diimine ligand.
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12
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Rodrigues LV, Moreira MSC, Oliveira CR, Medeiros JJ, Lima Neto EA, Valença AMG. Factors Associated with Toothache in Patients Affected by Hereditary Coagulopathies. Pesqui bras odontopediatria clín integr 2017. [DOI: 10.4034/pboci.2017.171.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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13
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Candeias E, Duarte AI, Sebastião I, Fernandes MA, Plácido AI, Carvalho C, Correia S, Santos RX, Seiça R, Santos MS, Oliveira CR, Moreira PI. Middle-Aged Diabetic Females and Males Present Distinct Susceptibility to Alzheimer Disease-like Pathology. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6471-6489. [PMID: 27730513 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a highly concerning public health problem of the twenty-first century. Currently, it is estimated that T2D affects 422 million people worldwide with a rapidly increasing prevalence. During the past two decades, T2D has been widely shown to have a major impact in the brain. This, together with the cognitive decline and increased risk for dementia upon T2D, may arise from the complex interaction between normal brain aging and central insulin signaling dysfunction. Among the several features shared between T2D and some neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer disease (AD)), the impairment of insulin signaling may be a key link. However, these may also involve changes in sex hormones' function and metabolism, ultimately contributing to the different susceptibilities between females and males to some pathologies. For example, female sex has been pointed as a risk factor for AD, particularly after menopause. However, less is known on the underlying molecular mechanisms or even if these changes start during middle-age (perimenopause). From the above, we hypothesized that sex differentially affects hormone-mediated intracellular signaling pathways in T2D brain, ultimately modulating the risk for neurodegenerative conditions. We aimed to evaluate sex-associated alterations in estrogen/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)/insulin-related signaling, oxidative stress markers, and AD-like hallmarks in middle-aged control and T2D rat brain cortices. We used brain cortices homogenates obtained from middle-aged (8-month-old) control Wistar and non-obese, spontaneously T2D Goto-Kakizaki (GK) male and female rats. Peripheral characterization of the animal models was done by standard biochemical analyses of blood, plasma, or serum. Steroid sex hormones, oxidative stress markers, and AD-like hallmarks were given by specific ELISA kits and colorimetric techniques, whereas the levels of intracellular signaling proteins were determined by Western blotting. Albeit the high levels of plasma estradiol and progesterone observed in middle-aged control females suggested that they were still under their reproductive phase, some gonadal dysfunction might be already occurring in T2D ones, hence, anticipating their menopause. Moreover, the higher blood and lower brain cholesterol levels in female rats suggested that its dysfunctional uptake into the brain cortex may also hamper peripheral estrogen uptake and/or its local brain steroidogenic metabolism. Despite the massive drop in IGF-1 levels in females' brains, particularly upon T2D, they might have developed some compensatory mechanisms towards the maintenance of estrogen, IGF-1, and insulin receptors function and of the subsequent Akt- and ERK1/2-mediated signaling. These may ultimately delay the deleterious AD-like brain changes (including oxidative damage to lipids and DNA, amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein and increased tau protein phosphorylation) associated with T2D and/or age (reproductive senescence) in female rats. By demonstrating that differential sex steroid hormone profiles/action may play a pivotal role in brain over T2D progression, the present study reinforces the need to establish sex-specific preventive and/or therapeutic approaches and an appropriate time window for the efficient treatment against T2D and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Candeias
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua D. Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A I Duarte
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua D. Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - I Sebastião
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M A Fernandes
- Life Sciences Department, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto do Mar, Life Sciences Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A I Plácido
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Carvalho
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua D. Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Correia
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua D. Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R X Santos
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Life Sciences Department, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M S Santos
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto do Mar, Life Sciences Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C R Oliveira
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P I Moreira
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
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14
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Leitão MJ, Baldeiras I, Almeida MR, Ribeiro MH, Santos AC, Ribeiro M, Tomás J, Rocha S, Santana I, Oliveira CR. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease diagnostic accuracy is improved by a new CSF ELISA 14-3-3γ assay. Neuroscience 2016; 322:398-407. [PMID: 26940479 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein 14-3-3 is a reliable marker of rapid neuronal damage, specifically increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) patients. Its detection is usually performed by Western Blot (WB), prone to methodological issues. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a recently developed quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay for 14-3-3γ, in comparison with WB and other neurodegeneration markers. CSF samples from 145 patients with suspicion of prion disease, later classified as definite sCJD (n=72) or Non-prion diseases (Non-CJD; n=73) comprised our population. 14-3-3 protein was determined by WB and ELISA. Total Tau (t-Tau) and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) were also evaluated. Apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE) and prionic protein gene (PRNP) genotyping was assessed. ELISA 14-3-3γ levels were significantly increased in sCJD compared to Non-CJD patients (p<0.001), showing very good accuracy (AUC=0.982; sensitivity=97%; specificity=94%), and matching WB results in 81% of all cases. It strongly correlated with t-Tau and p-Tau (p<0.0001), showing slightly higher specificity (14-3-3 WB - 63%; Tau - 90%; p-Tau/t-Tau ratio - 88%). From WB inconclusive results (n=44), ELISA 14-3-3γ correctly classified 41 patients. Additionally, logistic regression analysis selected ELISA 14-3-3γ as the best single predictive marker for sCJD (overall accuracy=93%). ApoE and PRNP genotypes did not influence ELISA 14-3-3γ levels. Despite specificity for 14-3-3γ isoform, ELISA results not only match WB evaluation but also help discrimination of inconclusive results. Our results therefore reinforce this assay as a single screening test, allowing higher sample throughput and unequivocal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Leitão
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Neurology Department, University Hospital Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - I Baldeiras
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Neurology Department, University Hospital Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M R Almeida
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M H Ribeiro
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Neurology Department, University Hospital Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Ribeiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Tomás
- Neurology Department, University Hospital Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Rocha
- Neurology Department, St Marcos Hospital, Braga, Portugal
| | - I Santana
- Neurology Department, University Hospital Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C R Oliveira
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Neurology Department, University Hospital Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Neurology Department, University Hospital Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Borghi-Silva A, Mendes RG, Trimer R, Oliveira CR, Fregonezi GA, Resqueti VR, Arena R, Sampaio-Jorge LM, Costa D. Potential effect of 6 versus 12-weeks of physical training on cardiac autonomic function and exercise capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2015; 51:211-221. [PMID: 24594853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is an important part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment. However, it is not know about the minimum effective time of physical training that could beneficially modify the cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) and exercise capacity in these patients. AIM To contrast the potential effects of a physical training program (PTP), for 6 versus 12 weeks, on CAM by linear and nonlinear heart rate variability (HRV) indices and exercise capacity in COPD patients. DESIGN Prospective randomized controlled trial. SETTING Outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation. POPULATION Twenty moderate-to-severe COPD patients were randomly assigned to either a training group (N.=10) or a control group (N.=10). METHODS HRV at rest and during submaximal test was determined by linear (rMSSD and SDNN) and non-linear indices (SD1, SD2 and sample entropy [SE]). In addition, key responses were obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), the walking distance (WD) during the six minute walking test and submaximal constant speed testing (CST). PTP consisted of 30 minutes of aerobic exercise training on a treadmill, 3 times per week at 70% of CPET peak speed rate. Patients were evaluated on baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. RESULTS Significant improvements in HRV indices, WD, as well as, other physiological responses were observed after 6 weeks of the PTP and maintained until 12 weeks (P<0.05). However, after 12 weeks, the SD1 index demonstrated an additional improvement compared with 6 weeks (P<0.05). Peak oxygen uptake and dioxide carbon production improved only after 12 weeks (P<0.05). Interestingly, the 6th week-baseline delta (6th week-baseline) of WD, SDNN and SE were significantly higher than 12th week-6th week delta (P<0.05). CONCLUSION These results indicate that beneficial changes on cardiac autonomic modulation in conjunction with improvement in submaximal functional capacity occur in the first 6 weeks of PTP in moderate to severe COPD. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Short-term rehabilitation (6 weeks) is an effective sufficient time to beneficially modify important outcomes as cardiac modulation and exercise capacity in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Borghi-Silva
- Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil -
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16
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Del Campo M, Oliveira CR, Scheper W, Zwart R, Korth C, Müller-Schiffmann A, Kostallas G, Biverstal H, Presto J, Johansson J, Hoozemans JJ, Pereira CF, Teunissen CE. BRI2 ectodomain affects Aβ42 fibrillation and tau truncation in human neuroblastoma cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:1599-611. [PMID: 25336154 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1769-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by the presence of misfolded proteins such as amyloid beta (Aβ) in senile plaques, and hyperphosphorylated tau and truncated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). The BRI2 protein inhibits Aβ aggregation via its BRICHOS domain and regulates critical proteins involved in initiating the amyloid cascade, which has been hypothesized to be central in AD pathogenesis. We recently detected the deposition of BRI2 ectodomain associated with Aβ plaques and concomitant changes in its processing enzymes in early stages of AD. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of recombinant BRI2 ectodomain (rBRI276-266) on Aβ aggregation and on important molecular pathways involved in early stages of AD, including the unfolded protein response (UPR), phosphorylation and truncation of tau, as well as apoptosis. We found that rBRI276-266 delays Aβ fibril formation, although less efficiently than the BRI2 BRICHOS domain (BRI2 residues 113-231). In human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, rBRI276-266 slightly decreased cell viability and increased up to two-fold the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the subsequent activity of caspases 3 and 9, indicating activation of apoptosis. rBRI276-266 upregulated the chaperone BiP but did not modify the mRNA expression of other UPR markers (CHOP and Xbp-1). Strikingly, rBRI276-266 induced the activation of GSK3β but not the phosphorylation of tau. However, exposure to rBRI276-266 significantly induced the truncation of tau, indicating that BRI2 ectodomain can contribute to NFT formation. Since BRI2 can also regulate the metabolism of Aβ, the current data suggests that BRI2 ectodomain is a potential nexus between Aβ, tau pathology and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Del Campo
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Room PK1 Br016, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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17
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Gomes S, Martins I, Fonseca ACRG, Oliveira CR, Resende R, Pereira CMF. Protective effect of leptin and ghrelin against toxicity induced by amyloid-β oligomers in a hypothalamic cell line. J Neuroendocrinol 2014; 26:176-85. [PMID: 24528254 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In addition to cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients also exhibit an unexplained weight loss that correlates with disease progression. In young and middle-aged AD patients, large amounts of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits were observed in the hypothalamus, a brain region involved in the control of feeding and body weight through the action of peripheral metabolic peptides, which have recently been shown to have neuroprotective effects. Moreover, levels of peripheral metabolic peptides, such as leptin and ghrelin, are changed in AD patients. The present study aimed to investigate the role of Aβ peptide in the survival of hypothalamic cells and to explore the receptor-mediated protective effect of leptin and ghrelin against Aβ-induced toxicity in these cells. Using the mHypoE-N42 cell line, we demonstrated for the first time that oligomeric Aβ is toxic to hypothalamic cells, leading to cell death. It was also demonstrated that leptin and ghrelin protect these cells against AβO-induced cell death through the activation of the leptin and ghrelin receptors, respectively. Furthermore, ghrelin and leptin prevented superoxide production, calcium rise and mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by AβO. Taken together, these results suggest that peripheral metabolic peptides, in particular leptin and ghrelin, might be considered as preventive strategies for ameliorating hypothalamic alterations in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gomes
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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18
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Silva DF, Santana I, Esteves AR, Baldeiras I, Arduino DM, Oliveira CR, Cardoso SM. Prodromal metabolic phenotype in MCI cybrids: implications for Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2013; 10:180-90. [PMID: 22746213 DOI: 10.2174/1567205011310020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a nosological entity or a translational state between normal aging and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). From brain tissue to peripheral blood samples, it is evident that the early markers of metabolic dysfunction observed in AD have also been found in MCI subjects. These observations obtained from MCI and AD subjects leave open the possibility that mitochondrial dysfunction-induced oxidative damage happening a priori of symptom onset, may trigger other pathological hallmarks, namely Aβ oligomerization. In this study, we used a citoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) model created by the repopulation of human teratocarcinoma (NT2) cells depleted of endogenous mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with platelets from age-matched controls, MCI and AD subjects. We found mitochondrial deficits in MCI and AD cybrids as compared with controls, such as a decrease in cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and in mitochondrial cytochrome c content. Consequently, we analyzed parameters of oxidative damage and found that AD and MCI cybrids exhibit an increase in lipid peroxides, higher production of superoxide radicals, and higher content in protein carbonyls. Since our data clearly show alterations in mitochondrial-mediated oxidative damage in MCI cybrids we propose that mitochondrial dysfunction is an early event in idiopathic AD. Moreover, we found that mitochondrial Aβ oligomeric content increases in AD, which may exacerbate initial mitochondrial damage. Altogether, our data strongly supports a key role for mitochondria/ mtDNA in aged-driven AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Duarte AI, Candeias E, Correia SC, Santos RX, Carvalho C, Cardoso S, Plácido A, Santos MS, Oliveira CR, Moreira PI. Crosstalk between diabetes and brain: glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetics as a promising therapy against neurodegeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:527-41. [PMID: 23314196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
According to World Health Organization estimates, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an epidemic (particularly in under development countries) and a socio-economic challenge. This is even more relevant since increasing evidence points T2D as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), supporting the hypothesis that AD is a "type 3 diabetes" or "brain insulin resistant state". Despite the limited knowledge on the molecular mechanisms and the etiological complexity of both pathologies, evidence suggests that neurodegeneration/death underlying cognitive dysfunction (and ultimately dementia) upon long-term T2D may arise from a complex interplay between T2D and brain aging. Additionally, decreased brain insulin levels/signaling and glucose metabolism in both pathologies further suggests that an effective treatment strategy for one disorder may be also beneficial in the other. In this regard, one such promising strategy is a novel successful anti-T2D class of drugs, the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics (e.g. exendin-4 or liraglutide), whose potential neuroprotective effects have been increasingly shown in the last years. In fact, several studies showed that, besides improving peripheral (and probably brain) insulin signaling, GLP-1 analogs minimize cell loss and possibly rescue cognitive decline in models of AD, Parkinson's (PD) or Huntington's disease. Interestingly, exendin-4 is undergoing clinical trials to test its potential as an anti-PD therapy. Herewith, we aim to integrate the available data on the metabolic and neuroprotective effects of GLP-1 mimetics in the central nervous system (CNS) with the complex crosstalk between T2D-AD, as well as their potential therapeutic value against T2D-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Duarte
- Life Sciences Department, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, Coimbra, Portugal.
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20
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Ferreiro E, Baldeiras I, Ferreira IL, Costa RO, Rego AC, Pereira CF, Oliveira CR. Mitochondrial- and endoplasmic reticulum-associated oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease: from pathogenesis to biomarkers. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:735206. [PMID: 22701485 PMCID: PMC3373122 DOI: 10.1155/2012/735206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, affecting several million of people worldwide. Pathological changes in the AD brain include the presence of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, loss of neurons and synapses, and oxidative damage. These changes strongly associate with mitochondrial dysfunction and stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Mitochondrial dysfunction is intimately linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial-driven apoptosis, which appear to be aggravated in the brain of AD patients. Concomitantly, mitochondria are closely associated with ER, and the deleterious crosstalk between both organelles has been shown to be involved in neuronal degeneration in AD. Stimuli that enhance expression of normal and/or folding-defective proteins activate an adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) that, if unresolved, can cause apoptotic cell death. ER stress also induces the generation of ROS that, together with mitochondrial ROS and decreased activity of several antioxidant defenses, promotes chronic oxidative stress. In this paper we discuss the critical role of mitochondrial and ER dysfunction in oxidative injury in AD cellular and animal models, as well as in biological fluids from AD patients. Progress in developing peripheral and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers related to oxidative stress will also be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Ferreiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I. Baldeiras
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- University Coimbra Hospital, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I. L. Ferreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R. O. Costa
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. C. Rego
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C. F. Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C. R. Oliveira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
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21
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Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Dourado M, Paiva A, Freitas A, Silva T, Regateiro F, Oliveira CR. Apoptosis Deregulation Influences Chemoresistance to Azaguanine in Human Leukemic Cell Lines. Cancer Invest 2012; 30:331-42. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2012.659925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Applied Molecular Biology/Biochemistry Institute and Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra,
Coimbra, Portugal,1
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra,
Coimbra, Portugal,2
- Universitaire Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal6
| | - M. Dourado
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra,
Coimbra, Portugal,2
- Physiopathology Discipline of Medical Dental Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra,
Coimbra, Portugal,3
| | - A. Paiva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra,
Coimbra, Portugal,2
- Center of Histocompatibility,
Coimbra, Portugal,4
| | - A. Freitas
- Center of Histocompatibility,
Coimbra, Portugal,4
| | - T. Silva
- Hematopathology, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra,
Coimbra, Portugal,5
| | - F. Regateiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra,
Coimbra, Portugal,2
- Center of Histocompatibility,
Coimbra, Portugal,4
| | - C. R. Oliveira
- Applied Molecular Biology/Biochemistry Institute and Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra,
Coimbra, Portugal,1
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra,
Coimbra, Portugal,2
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22
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Silva DFF, Esteves AR, Oliveira CR, Cardoso SM. Mitochondria: the common upstream driver of amyloid-β and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2011; 8:563-72. [PMID: 21244356 DOI: 10.2174/156720511796391872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely implicated in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Evidence shows a mitochondrial-mediated impairment of autophagy that potentiates amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. Accordingly, recent data obtained from AD models, in which mitochondrial alterations are a prominent feature, demonstrated abnormalities in microtubule network, involving tubulin and tau post-translational modifications. In this review we will discuss mitochondrial-regulated processes where mitochondrial malfunction is likely to start a sequence of events leading to sirtuin-2 activation, microtubule network breakdown, and impairment of the autophagic pathway. Because sirtuin-2 activity depends on cellular NAD+ availability, mitochondrial regulation of NAD+ levels may contribute to an increase in sirtuin-mediated tubulin deacetylation. A vicious cycle become installed which potentiates tau hyperphosphorylation, together with Aβ overproduction and deposition. Overall, targeting microtubule network constitutes a promising strategy for pharmacological therapy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F F Silva
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-Coimbra, Portugal
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23
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Deus APL, Bassi D, Simões RP, Oliveira CR, Baldissera V, Marqueti RDC, Araujo HSS, Arena R, Borghi-Silva A. MMP(-2) expression in skeletal muscle after strength training. Int J Sports Med 2011; 33:137-41. [PMID: 22095325 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of resistance training on ladders (RTL) on MMP(-2) expression and blood lactate concentration [La-]. 30 male (3 months of age), albino rats were divided into 3 groups: sedentary control (SC, n=10), low resistance exercise training (Low-IntRT, n=10) and high-intensive exercise training (High-IntRT, n=10). Animals of High-IntRT were submitted to a progressively increasing overload in relation to body weight until exhaustion, while the Low-IntRT group performed the same exercise regimen with no external load. The program had a frequency of 3 times per week over 8 weeks. MMP(-2) expression of tibialis anterior muscle and [La-] were measured. While there was a significant increase of MMP(-2) (pro-form) in both groups, only High-IntRT significantly increased MMP(-2) in active-form (p<0.05). Both trained groups exhibited an increase in [La-] when compared to controls, however, the increase in [La-] was significantly higher in the High-IntRT compared to Low-IntRT (p<0.05). Strong correlation was found between MMP(-2) (active form) and [La-] in High-IntRT (r=0.91). RTL in using low and high-intensity exercise can serve as a model to demonstrate different responses of MMP(-2) expression in an animal model. It appears active form expression of MMP(-2) is modulated by exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P L Deus
- UFSCar, Physiotherapy, Sao Carlos, Brazil
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24
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Duarte AI, Petit GH, Ranganathan S, Li JY, Oliveira CR, Brundin P, Björkqvist M, Rego AC. IGF-1 protects against diabetic features in an in vivo model of Huntington's disease. Exp Neurol 2011; 231:314-9. [PMID: 21763311 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is the most prevalent polyglutamine expansion disorder. HD is caused by an expansion of CAG triplet in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, associated with striatal and cortical neuronal loss. Central and peripheral metabolic abnormalities and altered insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels have been described in HD. Thus, we hypothesized that restoration of IGF-1-mediated signaling pathways could rescue R6/2 mice from metabolic stress and behavioral changes induced by polyglutamine expansion. We analyzed the in vivo effect of continuous peripheral IGF-1 administration on diabetic parameters, body weight and motor behavior in the hemizygous R6/2 mouse model of HD. We used 9 week-old and age-matched wild-type mice, subjected to continuously infused recombinant IGF-I or vehicle, for 14 days. IGF-1 treatment prevented the age-related decrease in body weight in R6/2 mice. Although blood glucose levels were higher in R6/2 mice, they did not reach a diabetic state. Even though, IGF-1 ameliorated poor glycemic control in HD mice. This seemed to be associated with a decrease in blood insulin levels in R6/2 mice, which was increased following IGF-1 infusion. Similarly, blood IGF-1 levels decreased during aging in both wild-type and R6/2 mice, being significantly improved upon its continuous infusion. Although no significant differences were found in motor function in R6/2-treated mice, IGF-1 treatment highly improved paw clasping scores. In summary, these results suggest that IGF-1 has a protective role against HD-associated impaired glucose tolerance, by enhancing blood insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Duarte
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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25
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Oliveira CR, Pereira LIA, Pereira AJCS, Ferreira AA, Crespo AMC, Silveira LA. Allelic polymorphism of human FcγRIIA-H/R131 receptor in American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Int J Immunogenet 2011; 38:225-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2011.00997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Esteves AR, Arduíno DM, Silva DFF, Oliveira CR, Cardoso SM. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Road to Alpha-Synuclein Oligomerization in PD. Parkinsons Dis 2011; 2011:693761. [PMID: 21318163 PMCID: PMC3026982 DOI: 10.4061/2011/693761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While the etiology of Parkinson's disease remains largely elusive, there is accumulating evidence suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction occurs prior to the onset of symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Mitochondria are remarkably primed to play a vital role in neuronal cell survival since they are key regulators of energy metabolism (as ATP producers), of intracellular calcium homeostasis, of NAD(+)/NADH ratio, and of endogenous reactive oxygen species production and programmed cell death. In this paper, we focus on mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated alpha-synuclein aggregation. We highlight some of the findings that provide proof of evidence for a mitochondrial metabolism control in Parkinson's disease, namely, mitochondrial regulation of microtubule-dependent cellular traffic and autophagic lysosomal pathway. The knowledge that microtubule alterations may lead to autophagic deficiency and may compromise the cellular degradation mechanisms that culminate in the progressive accumulation of aberrant protein aggregates shields new insights to the way we address Parkinson's disease. In line with this knowledge, an innovative window for new therapeutic strategies aimed to restore microtubule network may be unlocked.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Esteves
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D. M. Arduíno
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D. F. F. Silva
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C. R. Oliveira
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S. M. Cardoso
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills. With over 26 million patients in 2006, AD is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Different hypotheses have been suggested to explain the pathogenesis of AD, like those involving inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction or oxidative stress. Many of these studies have addressed amyloid plaque formation, tau hyperphosphorylation and apoptotic neuronal loss, the three main histopathological hallmarks of this disease. Increasing evidences, however, suggest another feature that can also be considered a neuropathological marker for AD: ectopic cell cycle re-entry. Cell cycle events have been frequently registered in the brains of AD patients. Although the exact starting point of cell cycle re-entry remains unclear, a number of subsequent cascades, which include events such as kinase upregulation, DNA replication and cytoskeletal alterations, have already been described. There are also increasing reports suggesting that cell cycle reactivation in mature neurons occurs as part of the apoptotic process. Upon a brief overview of the different theories and models addressing cell cycle reactivation in AD, we will describe possible mechanisms that trigger cell cycle re-entry, with special attention to links between this feature and the main neuropathological markers of AD. Finally, we will also analyze possible similarities between cell cycle dysregulation in AD and in other pathologies, such as Prion-Related Encephalopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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28
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Cardoso SM, Pereira CF, Moreira PI, Arduino DM, Esteves AR, Oliveira CR. Mitochondrial control of autophagic lysosomal pathway in Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2009; 223:294-8. [PMID: 19559703 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
When first described by Alois Alzheimer in 1907, AD was seen as a disorder that causes dementia and characterized by two defining neuropathological lesions, later associated with all forms of AD. While the etiology of AD remains largely unclear, there is accumulating evidence suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction occurs prior to the onset of symptoms in AD. Mitochondria are exceptionally poised to play a crucial role in neuronal cell survival or death because they are regulators of both energy metabolism and apoptotic pathways. This review is mainly focused in the discussion of evidence suggesting a clear association between mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy impairment and amyloid-beta accumulation in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. The knowledge that autophagic insufficiency may compromise the cellular degradation mechanisms that may culminate in the progressive accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, aberrant protein aggregates buildup and lysossomal burden shield new insights to the way we address Alzheimer's disease. In line with this knowledge an innovative window for new therapeutic strategies aimed to activate or ameliorate macroautophagy may be opened.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Cardoso
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
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29
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Almeida GF, Siqueira SA, Castro G, Snitcovsky IL, Akaishi EH, Camargo OP, Oliveira CR, Filippi RZ, Federico MH. Ezrin immunohistochemical expression in advanced soft tissue sarcoma biopsy specimens from patients treated in a phase II trial of dose-dense doxorubicin- and ifosfamide-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e21508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e21508 Background: Ezrin is a member of the ERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin) protein family and links F-actin to the cell membrane, and it is involved in regulating growth and metastatic behaviour of cancer cells. Ezrin expression is associated with tumor progression and metastasis in several cancers, including sarcomas. This study evaluated ezrin expression as a predictor of response to chemotherapy and as a prognostic factor in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients (pts) treated in a dose-dense schedule protocol. Methods: 21 chemotherapy-naïve pts diagnosed with high-grade STS, not candidates for a limb-sparing surgery, were enrolled in a prospective phase II study of a sequential and dose-dense regimen consisting of doxorubicin 30 mg/m2 d1–3 q2w and ifosfamide 2.5 g/m2 d1–5 q3w, 3 cycles each, with G-CSF support. Ezrin expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on slides from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, primary tumor biopsy blocks, with the anti-ezrin antibody clone AB-1(3C12) (NeoMarkers). Cytoplasmic immunostaining in more than 10% of tumor cells was considered as positive. Ezrin expression was correlated with response rate, progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Leiomyo-, synovial and sarcoma NOS were the most frequent subtypes (5 pts each). 13 out of 21 pts (62%) presented distant metastasis. Protocol was halted after 3 toxic deaths. Three pts achieved partial response (RR 14%). With a median follow-up of 11.7 mo, median PFS and OS were 8.9 and 20.1 mo, respectively. In univariate analysis, OS was higher for synovial sarcoma pts (not reached vs. 14.2 mo, HR 0.0, 95%CI 0.06–0.82, p=0.02), and for those aged 45 y or less (20.1 vs. 4.2 mo, HR 0.30, 95%CI 0.03–0.88, p=0.04). Ezrin expression was available for 20 pts: it was positive in 9 pts (45%) and negative in 11 pts (55%). Ezrin expression was not related to tumor response (p = 0.40), and no significant association was detected between ezrin expression and median PFS or OS. Conclusions: Expression of ezrin was not a useful marker to predict outcomes in STS pts treated with dose-dense doxorubicin- and ifosfamide-based chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. F. Almeida
- Hospital das Clinicas - InRad, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - S. A. Siqueira
- Hospital das Clinicas - InRad, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - G. Castro
- Hospital das Clinicas - InRad, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - I. L. Snitcovsky
- Hospital das Clinicas - InRad, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - E. H. Akaishi
- Hospital das Clinicas - InRad, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - O. P. Camargo
- Hospital das Clinicas - InRad, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C. R. Oliveira
- Hospital das Clinicas - InRad, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. Z. Filippi
- Hospital das Clinicas - InRad, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. H. Federico
- Hospital das Clinicas - InRad, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Abondanza TS, Oliveira CR, Barbosa CMV, Pereira FEG, Cunha RLOR, Caires ACF, Comasseto JV, Queiroz MLS, Valadares MC, Bincoletto C. Bcl-2 expression and apoptosis induction in human HL60 leukaemic cells treated with a novel organotellurium(IV) compound RT-04. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:2540-5. [PMID: 18495315 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Organotellurium(IV) compounds have been reported to have multiple biological activities including cysteine protease-inhibitory activity, mainly cathepsin B. As cathepsin B is a highly predictive indicator for prognosis and diagnosis of cancer, a possible antitumor potential for these new compounds is expected. In this work, it was investigated the effectiveness of organotellurium(IV) RT-04 to produce lethal effects in the human promyelocytic leukaemia cell line HL60. Using the MTT tetrazolium reduction test, and trypan blue exclusion assay, the IC50 for the compound after 24 h incubation was 6.8 and 0.35 microM, respectively. Moreover, the compound was found to trigger apoptosis in HL60 cells, inducing DNA fragmentation and caspase-3, -6, and -9 activations. The apoptsosis-induced by RT-04 is probably related to the diminished Bcl-2 expression, observed by RT-PCR, in HL60-treated cells. In vivo studies demonstrated that the RT-04 treatment (2.76 mg/kg given for three consecutive days) produces no significant toxic effects for bone marrow and spleen CFU-GM. However, higher doses (5.0 and 10 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent reduction in the number of CFU-GM of RT-04-treated mice. These results suggest that RT-04 is able to induce apoptosis in HL60 cells by Bcl-2 expression down-modulation. Further studies are necessary to better clarify the effects of this compound on bone marrow normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Abondanza
- Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
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Xapelli S, Bernardino L, Ferreira R, Grade S, Silva AP, Salgado JR, Cavadas C, Grouzmann E, Poulsen FR, Jakobsen B, Oliveira CR, Zimmer J, Malva JO. Interaction between neuropeptide Y (NPY) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in NPY-mediated neuroprotection against excitotoxicity: a role for microglia. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 27:2089-102. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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32
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Almeida GF, Castro G, Snitcovsky I, Siqueira SA, Oliveira CR, Camargo OP, Federico MH. Phase II prospective study of dose-dense doxorubucin and ifosfamide in high-grade, locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.20509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
20509 Background: High grade STS is expected to benefit from dose-dense doxorubicin/ifosfamide (doxo/ifo) sequential chemotherapy. This trial was designed using the two-stage Minimax design, in which 6 responses were needed among the first 19 pts to proceed to the second stage of the trial (a=0.05, β=0.20) to detect a 20% difference in RR as compared to expected 30%. Preliminary results of the first 20 pts are presented. Patients and Methods: Eligible pts had untreated, metastatic or locally advanced, high-grade STS, > 5 cm; age 18- 60 y; ECOG-PS 0–2; normal cardiac, renal and hepatic function; and signed informed consent. Pts were treated with doxo 30 mg/m2/d, D1–3, every 14 d, 3 cycles, followed by ifo 2.5 g/m2/d, D1–5, every 21 d, 3 cycles, with mesna and G-CSF support. Results: 20 pts were enrolled (7 in the neo-adjuvant setting with curative intent, 13 palliative). Median age: 39y (23–60); 5 synovial, 5 leiomyo, 4 sarcoma NOS, 2 MFH, 4 others. Primary site: 11 lower extremity; mean tumor size 13 cm. Median number of cycles was 3 for both drugs. 12 pts completed all planned chemotherapy cycles, and the mean relative dose intensity was 92±15% and 89±16% for doxo and ifo, respectively. Anemia was the most frequent toxicity (18 pts). 75 cycles were administered and grade 3/4 toxicities (CTC NCI 2.0) were observed in 27. G3 neutropenia was observed in 4 pts, none fatal. Thromboembolic events occurred in 4 pts (2 DVT, 2 PE). One pt presented a LVEF drop from 60% to 34% and developed symptomatic cardiac failure. Among 10 evaluable pts who completed chemotherapy, no response (CR or PR) was observed; eight pts had stable and 2 progressive disease. Surgery was performed in 6 pts, 4 of them limb-sparing, without changing the previous surgical plan. None of these pts presented complete pathologic response, with rate of necrosis ranging from 0–60%. At a median follow-up of 6 mo (1–16), 6 pts had died: 4 of disease progression, one sudden death (unknown cause) after 2 wks from the last chemotherapy cycle, and one patient died from pulmonary embolism. Conclusion: Sequential high-dose doxorubicin followed by ifosfamide failed in demonstrating any response in high grade STS, in addition to an unacceptable toxicity profile. Results of overall survival are pending. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. F. Almeida
- Hospital das Clinicas—InRad, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas—IOT, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - G. Castro
- Hospital das Clinicas—InRad, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas—IOT, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - I. Snitcovsky
- Hospital das Clinicas—InRad, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas—IOT, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - S. A. Siqueira
- Hospital das Clinicas—InRad, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas—IOT, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C. R. Oliveira
- Hospital das Clinicas—InRad, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas—IOT, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - O. P. Camargo
- Hospital das Clinicas—InRad, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas—IOT, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. H. Federico
- Hospital das Clinicas—InRad, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas—IOT, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Köfalvi A, Pereira MF, Rebola N, Rodrigues RJ, Oliveira CR, Cunha RA. Anandamide and NADA bi-directionally modulate presynaptic Ca2+ levels and transmitter release in the hippocampus. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 151:551-63. [PMID: 17435795 PMCID: PMC2013959 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inhibitory CB(1) cannabinoid receptors and excitatory TRPV(1) vanilloid receptors are abundant in the hippocampus. We tested if two known hybrid endocannabinoid/endovanilloid substances, N-arachidonoyl-dopamine (NADA) and anandamide (AEA), presynapticaly increased or decreased intracellular calcium level ([Ca(2+)](i)) and GABA and glutamate release in the hippocampus. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Resting and K(+)-evoked levels of [Ca(2+)](i) and the release of [(3)H]GABA and [(3)H]glutamate were measured in rat hippocampal nerve terminals. KEY RESULTS NADA and AEA per se triggered a rise of [Ca(2+)](i) and the release of both transmitters in a concentration- and external Ca(2+)-dependent fashion, but independently of TRPV(1), CB(1), CB(2), or dopamine receptors, arachidonate-regulated Ca(2+)-currents, intracellular Ca(2+) stores, and fatty acid metabolism. AEA was recently reported to block TASK-3 potassium channels thereby depolarizing membranes. Common inhibitors of TASK-3, Zn(2+), Ruthenium Red, and low pH mimicked the excitatory effects of AEA and NADA, suggesting that their effects on [Ca(2+)](i) and transmitter levels may be attributable to membrane depolarization upon TASK-3 blockade. The K(+)-evoked Ca(2+) entry and Ca(2+)-dependent transmitter release were inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of the CB(1) receptor agonist WIN55212-2; this action was sensitive to the selective CB(1) receptor antagonist AM251. However, in the low micromolar range, WIN55212-2, NADA and AEA inhibited the K(+)-evoked Ca(2+) entry and transmitter release independently of CB(1) receptors, possibly through direct Ca(2+) channel blockade. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We report here for hybrid endocannabinoid/endovanilloid ligands novel dual functions which were qualitatively similar to activation of CB(1) or TRPV(1) receptors, but were mediated through interactions with different targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Köfalvi
- Center for Neurosciences of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Domingues A, Almeida S, da Cruz e Silva EF, Oliveira CR, Rego AC. Toxicity of beta-amyloid in HEK293 cells expressing NR1/NR2A or NR1/NR2B N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits. Neurochem Int 2007; 50:872-80. [PMID: 17403555 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity induced by beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) involves glutamate toxicity, resulting from overactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and elevation of intracellular calcium. However, the heterogeneity of the NMDA receptors, frequently composed of NR1 and NR2A-D subunits, has been less studied. Thus, we determined the contribution of NMDA receptor subtypes on Abeta(1-40) toxicity in HEK293 cells transiently expressing NR1/NR2A or NR1/NR2B subunits. Analysis of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and trypan blue exclusion revealed an increase in Abeta(1-40) toxicity upon NR1/NR2A expression, compared to NR1/NR2B, indicating loss of plasma membrane integrity. Furthermore, Abeta(1-40) decreased intracellular ATP in cells expressing NR1/NR2A. MK-801 ((+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate), a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, partially prevented the decrease in cell viability and the energy impairment. These differences were not accounted for by the activation of caspases 2, 3, 8 and 9 or calpains or by DNA fragmentation, excluding the hypothesis of apoptosis. Functional NR1/NR2A and NR1/NR2B receptor subtypes were further evidenced by single-cell calcium imaging. Stimulation of NR1/NR2A receptors with NMDA/glycine revealed an increase in intracellular calcium in cells pre-exposed to Abeta(1-40). Opposite effects were observed upon activation of NR1/NR2B receptors. These results suggest that NR1/NR2A-composed NMDA receptors mediate necrotic cell death in HEK293 cells exposed to Abeta(1-40) through changes in calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Domingues
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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35
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Resende R, Pereira C, Agostinho P, Vieira AP, Malva JO, Oliveira CR. Susceptibility of hippocampal neurons to Abeta peptide toxicity is associated with perturbation of Ca2+ homeostasis. Brain Res 2007; 1143:11-21. [PMID: 17336275 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuritic dystrophy, loss of synapses and neuronal death in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the differential susceptibility of cortical and hippocampal neurons to amyloid-beta (Abeta)-induced toxicity. For that, we have used primary neuronal cultures prepared from rat brain cortex and hippocampus which were treated with the synthetic peptides Abeta25-35 or Abeta1-40. Abeta-induced apoptotic cell death was analyzed by determining caspase-3-like activity. Neuritic dystrophy was evaluated by cobalt staining and MAP2 immunoreactivity. Perturbation of Ca(2+) homeostasis caused by exposure to Abeta was evaluated by determining basal cytosolic calcium levels in the whole neuronal population and by single cell calcium imaging under basal and KCl-depolarization conditions. Finally, levels of GluR2 subunit of glutamate AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionate) receptors were quantified by western blotting. Our results demonstrated that hippocampal neurons in culture are more susceptible than cortical neurons to Abeta-induced apoptosis and also that this mechanism involves the perturbation of Ca(2+) homeostasis. Accordingly, the exposure of hippocampal neurons to Abeta peptides decreases the protein levels of the GluR2 subunit of glutamate AMPA receptors that may be associated with a significant rise of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, leading to dendritic dystrophy and activation of apoptotic neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Resende
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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36
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Oliveira CR, Silva CM, Milanez AF. Application of ultrafiltration in the pulp and paper industry: metals removal and whitewater reuse. Water Sci Technol 2007; 55:117-23. [PMID: 17486842 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2007.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the pulp and paper industry, the water use minimization is a constant target. One way to reduce water use is to recycle the effluent in a closed-cycle concept. In paper mills, the main source of liquid effluent is the so-called whitewater, which is the excess water, originated from pulp stock dewatering and other fibre contaminated water. This research studied the reuse of paper mill whitewater after membrane ultrafiltration (UF) in the paper machine and in the pulp bleach plant of an integrated mill. Contaminant removal and flux behaviour of the UF system were evaluated. The treatment by ultrafiltration was technically feasible and the treated whitewater had good potential to be reused in some processes in the paper machine. The reuse of ultrafiltered whitewater in the bleaching plant was not recommended because of the high level of soluble calcium present in this stream. Therefore, a combined treatment of the whitewater using the principle of precipitation and ultrafiltration was proposed showing good results and enabling the use of the treated whitewater in the bleach plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Oliveira
- Veracel Celulose S/A-Rodovia BA 275, Km 24, CP 21, Eunápolis, BA, Brasil.
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37
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Abstract
Mitochondria are uniquely poised to play a pivotal role in neuronal cell survival or death because they are regulators of both energy metabolism and apoptotic pathways. This review is mainly focused in the discussion of evidence suggesting a clear association between amyloid-beta toxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuronal damage/death in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. The knowledge that mitochondrial dysfunction has a preponderant role in Alzheimer's disease opened a window for new therapeutic strategies aimed to preserve/ameliorate mitochondrial function. Based on recent developments in mitochondrial research, increased pharmacological and pharmaceutical efforts have lead to the emergence of 'Mitochondrial Medicine' as a whole new field of biomedical research being this topic discussed in the last section of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute of Physiology-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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38
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Cunha GMA, Canas PM, Oliveira CR, Cunha RA. Increased density and synapto-protective effect of adenosine A2A receptors upon sub-chronic restraint stress. Neuroscience 2006; 141:1775-81. [PMID: 16797134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Revised: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress initially causes adaptive changes in the brain and can lead to neurodegeneration if continuously present. Noxious brain conditions trigger the release of adenosine that can control brain function and neurodegeneration through inhibitory A(1) and facilitatory A(2A) receptors. We tested the effect of restraint stress on the density of adenosine receptors and their effect on the outcome of stress, focusing in a known affected region, the hippocampus. Sub-chronic restraint stress (6 h/day for 7 days) caused a parallel decrease of the density of A(1) receptors (15-20%) and an increase (near 250%) of A(2A) receptor density in rat hippocampal nerve terminals. This indicates that sub-chronic stress unbalances adenosine receptors, up-regulating A(2A) and down-regulating A(1) receptors. Sub-chronic stress did not cause hippocampal neurodegeneration but decreased the immunoreactivity (immunohistochemistry and Western blot) of a synaptic marker, synaptophysin. The blockade of A(2A) receptors with 7-(2-phenylethyl)-5-amino-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine (0.05 mg/kg, daily i.p. injection) attenuated the loss of synaptophysin immunoreactivity observed in the hippocampus of rats subjected to sub-chronic restraint stress. This ability of A(2A) receptor antagonists to prevent the earliest stress-induced synaptic modifications provides a neurochemical and morphological correlate for the interest of A(2A) receptor antagonists to attenuate the burden of chronic stress.
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MESH Headings
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Blotting, Western/methods
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Hippocampus/pathology
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Male
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Protein Binding/physiology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Adenosine A1/metabolism
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/metabolism
- Restraint, Physical/methods
- Stress, Psychological/etiology
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/pathology
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
- Synapses/metabolism
- Synaptophysin/metabolism
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Tritium/pharmacokinetics
- Xanthines/pharmacokinetics
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Affiliation(s)
- G M A Cunha
- Center for Neuroscience of Coimbra, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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39
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Abstract
This study evaluated and compared the effect of insulin treatment on the status of brain, heart and kidney mitochondria isolated from 12-week streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats versus STZ-diabetic animals treated with insulin during a period of 4 weeks. Mitochondria isolated from 12-week citrate (vehicle)-treated rats were used as control. Several mitochondrial parameters were evaluated: respiratory indexes (state 3 and 4 of respiration, respiratory control and ADP/O ratios), transmembrane potential, depolarization and repolarization levels, ATP, glutathione and coenzyme Q contents, production of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities and the ability of mitochondria to accumulate calcium. We observed that diabetes promoted a significant decrease in kidney and brain mitochondrial coenzyme Q9 content while this parameter was increased in heart mitochondria. Furthermore, diabetes induced a significant increase in hydrogen peroxide production in kidney mitochondria this effect being accompanied by a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities. Furthermore, brain mitochondria isolated from diabetic animals presented a lower ATP content and ability to accumulate calcium. In contrast, heart and kidney mitochondria presented a slight higher capacity to accumulate calcium. Insulin treatment normalized the levels of coenzyme Q9 and glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities and increased ATP content and the ability to accumulate calcium. Altogether these results suggest that insulin treatment attenuates diabetes-induced mitochondrial alterations protecting against the increase in oxidative stress and improving oxidative phosphorylation efficiency. In this line, insulin therapy, besides its well-known importance in the maintenance of glycemic control, may help to protect against mitochondrial dysfunction associated to several age-related disorders such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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40
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Souza NJA, Justo GZ, Oliveira CR, Haun M, Bincoletto C. Cytotoxicity of materials used in perforation repair tested using the V79 fibroblast cell line and the granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells. Int Endod J 2006; 39:40-7. [PMID: 16409327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.01045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the cytotoxicity of materials used to repair perforations using permanent V79 fibroblasts and murine granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM). METHODOLOGY Set specimens from amalgam, glass-ionomer, SuperEBA, N-Rickert, MTA and gutta-percha were eluted with culture medium for 72 h and their cytotoxicities were assessed by incubating the extracts with V79 and bone marrow-derived progenitors for 24 h and 7 days, respectively. Cytotoxicity on V79 cells was judged using the total nucleic acid content (NAC), neutral red uptake (NRU) and reduction of the tetrazolium salt (MTT). The number of bone marrow CFU-GM colonies determined in clonal cultures stimulated with recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor was used to assess cytotoxicity to progenitor cells. Statistical analyses were conducted using the one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test where appropriate. RESULTS All materials were cytotoxic in both cell systems; however, CFU-GM was more sensitive to the extracts than V79 cells. A similar rank order of toxicity was observed in V79 cells using the NAC and the MTT assays: glass-ionomer > N-Rickert congruent with SuperEBA > gutta-percha > amalgam congruent with MTA (P < 0.05). In contrast, the NRU test exhibited a lower sensitivity to MTA, gutta-percha and amalgam extracts. In the clonal culture assay, the toxicity was less pronounced in the presence of gutta-percha, SuperEBA and MTA. Similar cellular responses were found by placing the set specimens directly in the clonal culture dishes. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity of toxicity depended on the choice of the endpoint and the cell-culture system. Nevertheless, MTA was ranked as the least cytotoxic cement in both cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J A Souza
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
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41
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Abstract
Drugs of abuse induce the release of dopamine in the central nervous system, particularly in the mesolimbic-mesocortical pathway. As dopamine may act as a neurotoxin, in this study, we analyzed the effects of the drugs of abuse, cocaine, heroin, and amphetamine, on the neurodegeneration of PC12 cells, a dopaminergic cell line, by evaluating the activity of caspase-3 and mitochondrial cytochrome c release. All the drugs were shown to induce caspase-3 activation, similarly to staurosporine, a classical inducer of apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, like staurosporine, the drugs of abuse induced a decrease in mitochondrial cytochrome c content, suggesting the involvement of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Oliveira
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), considered one of the major neurological disorders, is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and by the presence of intraneuronal cytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies. The causes for degeneration of PD neurons remain unclear, however, recent findings contributed to clarify this issue. This review will discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, focusing on the current and potential therapeutic strategies for human treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Cardoso
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Pinheiro PS, Rodrigues RJ, Rebola N, Xapelli S, Oliveira CR, Malva JO. Presynaptic kainate receptors are localized close to release sites in rat hippocampal synapses. Neurochem Int 2005; 47:309-16. [PMID: 16005547 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2005.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2005] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The subsynaptic distribution of kainate receptors is still a matter of much debate given its importance to understand the way they influence neuronal communication. Here, we show that, in synapses of the rat hippocampus, presynaptic kainate receptors are localized within the presynaptic active zone close to neurotransmitter release sites. The activation of these receptors with low concentrations of agonists induces the release of [(3)H]glutamate in the absence of a depolarizing stimulus. Furthermore, this modulation of [(3)H]glutamate release by kainate is more efficient when compared with a KCl-evoked depolarization that causes a more than two-fold increase in the intra-terminal calcium concentration but no apparent release of [(3)H]glutamate, suggesting a direct receptor-mediated process. Using a selective synaptic fractionation technique that allows for a highly efficient separation of presynaptic, postsynaptic and non-synaptic proteins we confirmed that, presynaptically, kainate receptors are mainly localized within the active zone of hippocampal synapses where they are expected to be in a privileged position to modulate synaptic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Pinheiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Pereira C, Agostinho P, Moreira PI, Cardoso SM, Oliveira CR. Alzheimer's disease-associated neurotoxic mechanisms and neuroprotective strategies. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 2005; 4:383-403. [PMID: 16101556 DOI: 10.2174/1568007054546117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The characteristic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia in the elderly, include senile plaques, mainly composed of beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide, neurofibrillary tangles and selective synaptic and neuronal loss in brain regions involved in learning and memory. Genetic studies, together with the demonstration of Abeta neurotoxicity, led to the development of the amyloid cascade hypothesis to explain the AD-associated neurodegenerative process. However, a modified version of this hypothesis has emerged, the Abeta cascade hypothesis, which takes into account the fact that soluble oligomeric forms and protofibrils of Abeta and its intraneuronal accumulation also play a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Recent evidence posit that synaptic dysfunction triggered by non fibrillar Abeta species is an early event involved in memory decline in AD. The current understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for impaired synaptic function and cognitive deficits is outlined in this review, focusing on oxidative stress and disturbed metal ion homeostasis, Ca(2+) dysregulation, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, cholesterol dyshomeostasis and impaired neurotransmission. The activation of apoptotic cell death as a mechanism of neuronal loss in AD, and the prominent role of neuroinflammation in this neurodegenerative disorder, are also reviewed herein. Furthermore, we will focus on the more relevant therapeutical strategies currently used, namely those involving antioxidants, drugs for neurotransmission improvement, hormonal replacement, gamma- and beta- secretase inhibitors, Abeta clearance agents (Abeta immunization, disruption of Abeta fibrils, modulation of the cholesterol-mediated Abeta transport), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), microtubules stabilizing drugs and kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Oliveira CR, Taniguchi EAF, Fusaro AE, Victor JR, Brito CA, Duarte AJS, Sato MN. Bystander Effect in Synergy to Anergy in Oral Tolerance of Blomia Tropicalis/Ovalbumin Murine Co-Immunization Model. J Clin Immunol 2005; 25:153-61. [PMID: 15821892 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-005-2821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oral tolerance is an important approach in allergic diseases and murine model can provide useful information to improve its understanding and therapeutic measures. To address the influence of non-related allergen sensitization in immunized mice with the mite Blomia tropicalis (Bt) or ovalbumin (OVA) or with both Bt/OVA allergens. Furthermore, we sought to verify oral tolerance effect in the Bt/OVA co-immunization model. Mice sensitized with Bt and then exposed to OVA developed an enhanced IgE response to both allergens; contrariwise, this effect was not observed when OVA-sensitization was prior to Bt-sensitization. Co-injection of Bt and OVA led to a dominant IgE response towards OVA over Bt, which was not observed when co-immunization was performed with a 240-fold less amount of OVA. Induction of oral tolerance with OVA, prior to co-immunization, suppressed IgE response to both allergens, probably as a consequence of the increased levels of IFN-gamma found in these animals. The results evidenced that, depending on allergenic potential, new allergen exposure may exert an adjuvant effect to the first allergen used in the sensitization. The bystander suppression to non-related allergens through oral tolerance should be a useful mechanism to control sensitization to new allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, LIM 56, Brazil
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Oliveira G, Diogo L, Grazina M, Garcia P, Ataíde A, Marques C, Miguel T, Borges L, Vicente AM, Oliveira CR. Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders: a population-based study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2005; 47:185-9. [PMID: 15739723 DOI: 10.1017/s0012162205000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A minority of cases of autism has been associated with several different organic conditions, including bioenergetic metabolism deficiency. In a population-based study, we screened associated medical conditions in a group of 120 children with autism (current age range 11y 5mo to 14y 4mo, mean age 12y 11mo [SD 9.6mo], male:female ratio 2.9:1). Children were diagnosed using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria, the Autism Diagnostic Interview--Revised, and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale; 76% were diagnosed with typical autism and 24% with atypical autism. Cognitive functional level was assessed with the Griffiths scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and was in the normal range in 17%. Epilepsy was present in 19 patients. Plasma lactate levels were measured in 69 patients, and in 14 we found hyperlactacidemia. Five of 11 patients studied were classified with definite mitochondrial respiratory chain disorder, suggesting that this might be one of the most common disorders associated with autism (5 of 69; 7.2%) and warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Oliveira
- Outpatient Clinic of Autism, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, 3000-076 Coimbra, Portugal.
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47
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Rebola N, Canas PM, Oliveira CR, Cunha RA. Different synaptic and subsynaptic localization of adenosine A2A receptors in the hippocampus and striatum of the rat. Neuroscience 2005; 132:893-903. [PMID: 15857695 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2004] [Revised: 01/03/2005] [Accepted: 01/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A(2A) receptors are most abundant in the striatum where they control the striatopallidal pathway thus controlling locomotion. Extra-striatal A(2A) receptors are considerably less abundant but their blockade confers robust neuroprotection. We now have investigated if striatal and extra-striatal A(2A) receptors have a different neuronal location to understand their different functions. The binding density of the A(2A) antagonist, [(3)H]-7-(2-phenylethyl)-5-amino-2-(2-furyl)pyrazolo[4,3e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine ([(3)H]SCH 58261), was enriched in nerve terminals membranes (B(max)=103+/-12 fmol/mg protein) compared with total membranes (B(max)=29+/-4 fmol/mg protein) from the hippocampus, the same occurring with A(2A) receptor immunoreactivity. In contrast, there was no enrichment of [(3)H]SCH 58261 binding or A(2A) receptor immunoreactivity in synaptosomal compared with total membranes from the striatum. Further subcellular fractionation of hippocampal nerve terminals revealed that A(2A) receptor immunoreactivity was enriched in the active zone of presynaptic nerve terminals, whereas it was predominantly located in the postsynaptic density in the striatum, although a minority of striatal A(2A) receptors were located in the presynaptic active zone. These results indicate that A(2A) receptors in the striatum are not enriched in synapses in agreement with the preponderant role of A(2A) receptors in signal processing in striatopallidal neurons. In contrast, hippocampal A(2A) receptors are enriched in synapses, mainly in the active zone, in accordance with their role in controlling neurotransmitter release. This regional variation in the neuronal distribution of A(2A) receptors reinforces the care required to extrapolate our knowledge from striatal A(2A) receptors to other brain preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rebola
- Center for Neurosciences of Coimbra, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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48
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Rebola N, Rodrigues RJ, Lopes LV, Richardson PJ, Oliveira CR, Cunha RA. Adenosine A1 and A2A receptors are co-expressed in pyramidal neurons and co-localized in glutamatergic nerve terminals of the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 2005; 133:79-83. [PMID: 15893632 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2005] [Revised: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a neuromodulator that controls neurotransmitter release through inhibitory A1 and facilitatory A2A receptors. Although both adenosine receptor-mediated inhibition and facilitation of glutamate release have been observed, it is not clear whether both A1 and A2A receptors are located in the same glutamatergic nerve terminal or whether they are located on different populations of these terminals. Thus, we have tested if single pyramidal glutamatergic neurons from the hippocampus simultaneously expressed A1 and A2A receptor mRNA and if A1 and A2A receptors were co-localized in hippocampal glutamatergic nerve terminals. Single cell PCR analysis of visually identified pyramidal neurons revealed the simultaneous presence of A1 and A2A receptor mRNA in four out 16 pyramidal cells possessing glutamatergic markers but not GABAergic or astrocytic markers. Also, A1 and A2A receptor immunoreactivities were co-localized in 26 +/- 4% of nerve terminals labeled with antibodies against vesicular glutamate transporters type 1 or 2, i.e. glutamatergic nerve terminals. This indicates that glutamatergic neurons in the hippocampus co-express A1 and A2A receptors and that these two receptors are co-localized in a subset of glutamatergic nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rebola
- Center for Neurosciences of Coimbra, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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49
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Abstract
Amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) is widely held to be associated with Alzheimer's disease, the insoluble aggregates of the peptide being the major constituents of senile plaques. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Zn(2+) (5, 50 and 200 microM) on Abeta induced toxicity using the human teratocarcinome (NT2) cell line. Our results proved that 50 and 200 microM Zn(2+) protected NT2 cells from Abeta 25-35 toxicity. Zinc was also shown to be effective by preventing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) induced by Abeta 25-35, not allowing cytochrome c release from mitochondria, and subsequently, caspase 3 activation. However, when the cells were treated with Abeta 1-40, only Zn(2+) 5 microM had a protective effect. We have further observed that 5 microM Zn(2+) prevented Abeta 1-40 aggregation into a beta-sheet structure. Considering the results presented, we argue that Zn(2+) has a concentration-dependent protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Cardoso
- Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology of Coimbra and Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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50
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Carvalho AF, Fusaro AE, Oliveira CR, Brito CA, Duarte AJS, Sato MN. Blomia tropicalis and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Mites Evoke Distinct Patterns of Airway Cellular Influx in Type I Hypersensitivity Murine Model. J Clin Immunol 2004; 24:533-41. [PMID: 15359112 DOI: 10.1023/b:joci.0000040924.37824.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Murine models of hypersensitivity to allergens are useful tools for the evaluation of strategies to downmodulate IgE response. We sought to compare allergen inflammatory pulmonary response in previously sensitized mice orally administered with dust mites Blomia tropicalis (Bt) or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp). Sensitized A/Sn mice fed with Bt or Dp showed a significant decrease in the IgE response compared to control-immunized mice. Bt-immunized mice demonstrated an accumulation of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, while Dp-immunized mice revealed an intense influx of eosinophils in the airway. Bt oral administration did not attenuate cell influx in the airway and Dp-fed mice showed a significant decrease of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These findings demonstrated that oral tolerance induction to Bt and Dp extract in sensitized mice decrease IgE response, but does not interfere in local inflammatory pulmonary response. The distinct profile of airway cellular infiltration between mites immunization suggest an interesting model to study allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Carvalho
- Clinical and Experimental Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, LIM-56, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
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