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Silva A, Oliveira AS, Vaz CV, Correia S, Ferreira R, Breitenfeld L, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R, Pereira CMF, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Cruz MT. Anti-inflammatory potential of Portuguese thermal waters. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22313. [PMID: 33339881 PMCID: PMC7749128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of Medical Hydrology, thermal waters (TW) are all-natural mineral waters that emerge inside a thermal resort and have therapeutic applications. Their beneficial effect has been empirically recognized for centuries, being indicated for symptom alleviation and/or treatment of several diseases, almost all associated with inflammation. Indeed, an anti-inflammatory effect has been attributed to many different Portuguese TW but there is no scientific validation supporting this empiric knowledge. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of 14 TW pertaining to thermal centers located in the Central Region of Portugal, and grouped according to their ionic profile. Mouse macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Toll-like receptor 4 agonist, were exposed to culture medium prepared in TW. Metabolism, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels and the scavenging capacity of TW, were investigated in vitro. 11 out of 14 TW reduced NO production and/or iNOS expression, and/or scavenging activity, in macrophages exposed to LPS. The sulphated/calcic TW did not show any effect on at least one of the inflammatory parameters evaluated. Two sulphurous/bicarbonate/sodic TW and the sulphurous/chlorinated/sodic TW promoted an increase in NO production and/or iNOS expression. Our results validate, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory properties of Portuguese TW, supporting their therapeutic use in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases and promoting their putative application in cosmetic products and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Polo 3, IBILI 3rd Floor, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - A S Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - C V Vaz
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - S Correia
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - R Ferreira
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - L Breitenfeld
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - J Martinez-de-Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - R Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,Labfit-Health Products Research and Development Lda, Ubimedical, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - C M F Pereira
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,Labfit-Health Products Research and Development Lda, Ubimedical, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M T Cruz
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Gomes S, Martins I, Fonseca ACRG, Oliveira CR, Resende R, Pereira CMF. Protective effect of leptin and ghrelin against toxicity induced by amyloid-β oligomers in a hypothalamic cell line. J Neuroendocrinol 2014; 26:176-85. [PMID: 24528254 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In addition to cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients also exhibit an unexplained weight loss that correlates with disease progression. In young and middle-aged AD patients, large amounts of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits were observed in the hypothalamus, a brain region involved in the control of feeding and body weight through the action of peripheral metabolic peptides, which have recently been shown to have neuroprotective effects. Moreover, levels of peripheral metabolic peptides, such as leptin and ghrelin, are changed in AD patients. The present study aimed to investigate the role of Aβ peptide in the survival of hypothalamic cells and to explore the receptor-mediated protective effect of leptin and ghrelin against Aβ-induced toxicity in these cells. Using the mHypoE-N42 cell line, we demonstrated for the first time that oligomeric Aβ is toxic to hypothalamic cells, leading to cell death. It was also demonstrated that leptin and ghrelin protect these cells against AβO-induced cell death through the activation of the leptin and ghrelin receptors, respectively. Furthermore, ghrelin and leptin prevented superoxide production, calcium rise and mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by AβO. Taken together, these results suggest that peripheral metabolic peptides, in particular leptin and ghrelin, might be considered as preventive strategies for ameliorating hypothalamic alterations in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gomes
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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