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Acute aluminum chloride toxicity revisited: Study on DNA damage and histopathological, biochemical and neurochemical alterations in rat brain. Life Sci 2018; 217:202-211. [PMID: 30528774 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Due to rapid increase in industrialization in the last few years, use of aluminum (Al) and its alloys have been increased in different industrial fields. Ample evidence supports the neurotoxic effects of chronic aluminum chloride (AlCl3) administration in rats but acute Al toxicity has been less described so the present study was aimed to investigate the neurotoxic effects of acute AlCl3. MAIN METHODS To investigate such effects 12 male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and test rats. AlCl3 at a dose of 150 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected to test rats for 7 days. Rats were subjected to behavioral assessments 24 h after last dose and after behavioral assessment rats were sacrificed to collect brain samples for further neurochemical, biochemical and histopathological examinations. KEY FINDINGS In the present study acute administration of AlCl3 resulted in noticeable behavioral deficits. Cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric disturbances were evident in AlCl3 injected rats. Test rats also exhibited marked antioxidant enzymes, cholinergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic dysfunctions and DNA fragmentation. Histopathological alterations were observed in hippocampus and cortex of rats injected with AlCl3. SIGNIFICANCE The observed effects may be due to pro-oxidant nature of Al and its participation in free radical mediated cellular injury. Al by promoting oxidative stress, impairing antioxidant defense system and altering brain neurochemistry may act as a potent neurotoxic agent as evident from observed histopathological alterations in brain of test rats. This investigation may further confirm and shed some more light on deleterious effects of acute Al intoxication on brain.
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Melatonin Rescue Oxidative Stress-Mediated Neuroinflammation/ Neurodegeneration and Memory Impairment in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia Mice Model. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 14:278-294. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ramalingam M, Kim H, Lee Y, Lee YI. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Role of Liquiritigenin and Isoliquiritigenin From Radix Glycyrrhizae in Human Health and Disease Models. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:348. [PMID: 30443212 PMCID: PMC6221911 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing lifespan in developed countries results in age-associated chronic diseases. Biological aging is a complex process associated with accumulated cellular damage by environmental or genetic factors with increasing age. Aging results in marked changes in brain structure and function. Age-related neurodegenerative diseases and disorders (NDDs) represent an ever-growing socioeconomic challenge and lead to an overall reduction in quality of life around the world. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are most common degenerative neurological disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) in aging process. The low levels of acetylcholine and dopamine are major neuropathological feature of NDDs in addition to oxidative stress, intracellular calcium ion imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, ubiquitin-proteasome system impairment and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Current treatments minimally influence these diseases and are ineffective in curing the multifunctional pathological mechanisms. Synthetic neuroprotective agents sometimes have negative reactions as an adverse effect in humans. Recently, numerous ethnobotanical studies have reported that herbal medicines for the treatment or prevention of NDDs are significantly better than synthetic drug treatment. Medicinal herbs have traditionally been used around the world for centuries. Radix Glycyrrhizae (RG) is the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis or G. glabra or G. inflata from the Leguminosae/Fabaceae family. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine as a life enhancer, for the treatment of coughs and influenza, and for detoxification. Diverse chemical constituents from RG have reported including flavanones, chalcones, triterpenoid saponins, coumarines, and other glycosides. Among them, flavanone liquiritigenin (LG) and its precursor and isomer chalcone isoliquiritigenin (ILG) are the main bioactive constituents of RG. In the present review, we summarize evidence in the literature on the structure and phytochemical properties and pharmacological applications of LG and ILG in age-related diseases to establish new therapeutics to improve human health and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Ramalingam
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyojung Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yunjong Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea.,Companion Diagnostics and Medical Technology Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
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Lu C, Wang Y, Xu T, Li Q, Wang D, Zhang L, Fan B, Wang F, Liu X. Genistein Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mice Through the Regulation of the Cholinergic Neurotransmission, Antioxidant System and the ERK/CREB/BDNF Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1153. [PMID: 30369882 PMCID: PMC6194227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein (GE) was reported to exert a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anticancer, and cardio-protective effects. In addition, both clinical and preclinical studies have recently suggested GE a potential neuroprotective and memory-enhancing drug against neurodegenerative diseases. The animal model of scopolamine (Scop)-induced amnesia is widely used to study underlying mechanisms and treatment of cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases. However, there is no report about the effects of GE on Scop-induced amnesia in mice. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the beneficial effects and potential mechanism of GE against Scop-induced deficits in mice. The mice were orally pretreated with either GE (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) or donepezil (1.60 mg/kg) for 14 days. After the pretreatment, the open field test was conducted to assess the effect of GE on the locomotor activity of mice. Thereafter, mice were daily injected with Scop (0.75 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce memory deficits and subjected to the cognitive behavioral tests including the Object Location Recognition (OLR) experiment and Morris Water Maze (MWM) task. After the behavioral tests, biochemical parameter assay and western blot analysis were used to examine the underlying mechanisms of its action. The results showed that GE administration significantly improved the cognitive performance of Scop-treated mice in OLR and Morris water maze tests, exerting the memory-enhancing effects. Additionally, GE remarkably promoted the cholinergic neurotransmission and protected against the oxidative stress damage in the hippocampus of Scop-treated mice, as indicated by decreasing AChE activity, elevating ChAT activity and Ach level, increasing SOD activity, lowering the level of MDA and increasing GSH content. Furthermore, GE was found to significantly upregulate the expression levels of p-ERK, p-CREB and BDNF proteins in the hippocampus of Scop-treated mice. Taken together, these results for the first time found that GE exerts cognitive-improving effects in Scop-induced amnesia and suggested it may be a potential candidate compound for the treatment of some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Xu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Goyal K, Konar A, Kumar BSH, Koul V. Lactoferrin-conjugated pH and redox-sensitive polymersomes based on PEG-S-S-PLA-PCL-OH boost delivery of bacosides to the brain. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17781-17798. [PMID: 30215650 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03828g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, engineered lactoferrin (Lf)-conjugated pH and redox-sensitive polymersomes derived from the triblock copolymer polyethylene glycol-S-S-polylactic acid-polycaprolactone (PEG-S-S-PLA-PCL-OH) have been used to deliver bacosides to the brain. Bacosides are classified as triterpenoid saponins and are used in Indian Ayurveda for reversal of amnesia; however, no study has extensively demonstrated their efficacy as a nano-formulation in an animal model. The polymer was synthesized by ring opening polymerization of lactide and ε-caprolactone. The nanoparticles obtained by nanoprecipitation showed a core-shell morphology, with an average size of 110 nm, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The colloidal stability, hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility of the polymersomes proved their biocompatibility. pH and disulfide linkages in the polymeric chain accelerated the disintegration of the polymersomes at pH 6.6 and at pH 6.6 with glutathione (GSH) in comparison to pH 7.4, supporting their degradation behavior. Supermagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs, 74.99 μg mg-1 polymer) encapsulated into the polymersomes demonstrated their uptake in a mouse model by MRI. Furthermore, bacosides encapsulated in the polymersomes (10% loading) showed significant memory loss reversal in chemically induced amnesic mice, supported by the gene expression profiles of Arc, BDNF and CREB as well as by histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Goyal
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India.
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Impact of 1-day and 4-day MWM training techniques on oxidative and neurochemical profile in rat brain: A comparative study on learning and memory functions. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 155:390-402. [PMID: 30195048 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Among multiple behavioral tasks used to assess memory performance, Morris water maze (MWM) is a well-known and reliable conventional behavioral task to monitor spatial memory performance in rodents. Although multiple procedures are employed by researchers for spatial learning training in MWM, but less is known about impact of these training protocol variations on oxidative and neurochemical systems. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether variations in training protocol will influence spatial memory performance and induce changes in oxidative status and cholinergic and aminergic neurotransmission in rat brain. For this, rats were assigned to four groups; control (unexposed), 1-trial (exposed to single training trial), 1-day (exposed to four training trials for a single day) and 4-day (exposed to four training trials for four days). After conducting training, spatial reference memory performance was determined by performing retention and consolidation probe trials. Rats were then decapitated and their brain and plasma samples were collected for biochemical, oxidative and neurochemical analysis. It was found that spatial reference memory was improved following both 1-day and 4-day training protocols, however, corticosterone levels were raised extensively following 4-day training exposure compared to 1-day training protocol. Similarly, a significant improvement in redox profile and cholinergic and aminergic neurotransmitters was also observed following 1-day training procedure. Thus, 1-day training procedure can be suggested as a better procedure for assessing the spatial memory performance in rats as it has a profound impact on antioxidant status and cholinergic and aminergic neurotransmission in brain. Moreover, use of single-day training procedure can provide a rapid and effective tool for assessing spatial memory in rats compared to prolonged and complicated 4-day training protocol.
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Ionita R, Postu PA, Mihasan M, Gorgan DL, Hancianu M, Cioanca O, Hritcu L. Ameliorative effects of Matricaria chamomilla L. hydroalcoholic extract on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats: A behavioral and molecular study. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 47:113-120. [PMID: 30166095 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matricaria chamomilla L. is a medicinal herb traditionally used as the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, anxiolytic and antidepressant agent. Nevertheless, supporting evidence demonstrated its memory enhancing activity and antioxidant properties. PURPOSE To investigate the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of M. chamomilla L. on memory processes in a scopolamine-induced a rat model of amnesia and to reveal its underlying mechanism of action. METHODS The hydroalcoholic extract (25 and 75 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to rats once daily for 7 days, and scopolamine (0.7 mg/kg) was injected 30 min before the behavioral testing to induce memory impairment. The phytochemical composition of the extract was quantified by HPLC/DAD analysis. Y-maze and radial arm-maze tests were employed for memory assessing. Acetylcholinesterase activity was measured in the rat hippocampus. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase specific activities along with the total content of reduced glutathione and protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde levels were also measured in the rat hippocampus. qRT-PCR was used to quantify BDNF mRNA and IL1β mRNA expression in the rat hippocampus. RESULTS We first identified the chlorogenic acid, apigenin-7-glucoside, rutin, cynaroside, luteolin, apigenin and derivatives of apigenin-7-glucoside as the extract major components. Furthermore, we showed that the extract reversed the scopolamine-induced decreasing of the spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test and the scopolamine-induced increasing of the working and reference memory errors in the radial arm maze test. Also, the scopolamine-induced alteration of the acetylcholinesterase activity and the oxidant-antioxidant balance in the rat hippocampus was recovered by the treatment with the extract. Finally, we demonstrated that the extract restored the scopolamine-decreased BDNF expression and increased IL1β expression in the rat hippocampus. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the extract could be a potent neuropharmacological agent against amnesia via modulating cholinergic activity, neuroinflammation and promoting antioxidant action in the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Ionita
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No.11, Iasi 700506, Romania
| | - Paula Alexandra Postu
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No.11, Iasi 700506, Romania
| | - Marius Mihasan
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No.11, Iasi 700506, Romania
| | - Dragos Lucian Gorgan
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No.11, Iasi 700506, Romania
| | - Monica Hancianu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Gr. T. Popa", 16 University Str., Iasi 700117, Romania
| | - Oana Cioanca
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Gr. T. Popa", 16 University Str., Iasi 700117, Romania
| | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No.11, Iasi 700506, Romania.
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Lu C, Wang Y, Wang D, Zhang L, Lv J, Jiang N, Fan B, Liu X, Wang F. Neuroprotective Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:E853. [PMID: 29966363 PMCID: PMC6073222 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, interest in soybean as a neuroprotective nutrient in the management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has increased and soy isoflavones (SI), as kinds of soybean phytochemicals, are thought to be biologically active components that confer this beneficial effect against neurodegenerative diseases. However, the neuroprotective effect of SI is not well understood. Therefore, the present study (30 days) was conducted to investigate the neuroprotective effects of soy isoflavones (SI) on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced memory impairments in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (aged 4 weeks) and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. SI (40 mg/kg) administration improved the cognitive performance of SCOP-treated mice in an object location recognition task and the Morris water maze test. SI (40 mg/kg) administration significantly enhanced cholinergic system function and suppressed oxidative stress levels in the hippocampus of SCOP-treated mice. Furthermore, SI (40 mg/kg) treatment markedly upregulated the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels in the hippocampus. Taken together, these results demonstrated that soy isoflavones exerted a significant neuroprotective effect on cognitive dysfunctions induced by scopolamine, suggesting that soy isoflavones could be a good candidate for possible treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Donghui Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jingwei Lv
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
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Malik J, Kaur J, Choudhary S. Standardized extract of Lactuca sativa Linn. and its fractions abrogates scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice: A possible cholinergic and antioxidant mechanism. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 21:361-372. [PMID: 28245707 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1291166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Lactuca sativa (LS) Linn. (Asteraceae) against scopolamine-induced amnesia and to validate its traditional claim as memory enhancer. METHODS Ethanol extract of fresh LS leaves (LSEE), standardized on the basis of quercetin content, was successively partitioned using various solvents viz., hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol in increasing order of polarity. LSEE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) and its various fractions (at a dose equivalent to dose of LSEE exhibiting maximum activity), administered orally for 14 days, were evaluated for their memory enhancing effect against scopolamine-induced (1 mg/kg, i.p.) amnesia in 3-4 months old male Laca mice (n = 6 in each group). The memory enhancing effect was evaluated using behavioural (elevated plus maze, novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests) and biochemical parameters (acetylcholinesterase activity, malonaldehyde, superoxide dismutase, nitrite, catalase, and reduced gultathione content). The results of the test substances were compared with both scopolamine and donepezil that was used as a standard memory enhancer and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. RESULTS Scopolamine elicit marked deterioration of memory and alteration in biochemical parameters in comparison to the control group. LSEE and its n-butanol and aqueous fractions significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the scopolamine-induced amnesia that was evident in all the behavioural and biochemical test parameters. LSEE (200 mg/kg) and n-butanol fraction (15 mg/kg) exhibited maximum anti-amnesic effect among various tested dose levels. DISCUSSION The results exhibited that LS prophylaxis attenuated scopolamine-induced memory impairment through its acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activity validating its traditional claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Malik
- a University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences - UGC Centre of Advanced Study , Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India
| | - Jagpreet Kaur
- a University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences - UGC Centre of Advanced Study , Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India
| | - Sunayna Choudhary
- a University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences - UGC Centre of Advanced Study , Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India
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Moreno H, Hall G, Gallo M, de Brugada I. Dietary choline supplementation in adult rats improves performance on a test of recognition memory. Behav Brain Res 2018; 353:210-217. [PMID: 29694911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In two experiments adult rats (aged at least 6 months at the start of the procedure) received a diet enriched with added choline for a period of 10 weeks; control subjects were maintained on a standard diet during this time. All rats then underwent the spontaneous object recognition (SOR) procedure in which they were exposed to a pair of objects and then tested, after a retention interval, to a display with one object changed. Exploration of the changed object indicates retention and use of information acquired during the exposure phase. All subjects showed retention with a 24-h interval (Experiments 1 and 2) and when retested after a further 24 h (Experiment 1). But when tested for the first time after a 48-h interval (Experiment 2), control subjects showed no evidence of retention, exploring both objects equally, whereas those given the dietary supplement continued to show a preference for the changed object. This supports the conclusion that dietary choline supplementation can enhance performance on a task regarded as a test of declarative memory, and will do so even when the supplementations is given in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayarelis Moreno
- Department of Psychology of Education and Psychobiology, International University of La Rioja, Spain.
| | - Geoffrey Hall
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Milagros Gallo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel de Brugada
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain; CIMCYC (University of Granada), Spain
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Malikowska-Racia N, Podkowa A, Sałat K. Phencyclidine and Scopolamine for Modeling Amnesia in Rodents: Direct Comparison with the Use of Barnes Maze Test and Contextual Fear Conditioning Test in Mice. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:431-441. [PMID: 29680979 PMCID: PMC6154175 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays cognitive impairments are a growing unresolved medical issue which may accompany many diseases and therapies, furthermore, numerous researchers investigate various neurobiological aspects of human memory to find possible ways to improve it. Until any other method is discovered, in vivo studies remain the only available tool for memory evaluation. At first, researchers need to choose a model of amnesia which may strongly influence observed results. Thereby a deeper insight into a model itself may increase the quality and reliability of results. The most common method to impair memory in rodents is the pretreatment with drugs that disrupt learning and memory. Taking this into consideration, we compared the activity of agents commonly used for this purpose. We investigated effects of phencyclidine (PCP), a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, and scopolamine (SCOP), an antagonist of muscarinic receptors, on short-term spatial memory and classical fear conditioning in mice. PCP (3 mg/kg) and SCOP (1 mg/kg) were administrated intraperitoneally 30 min before behavioral paradigms. To assess the influence of PCP and SCOP on short-term spatial memory, the Barnes maze test in C57BL/J6 mice was used. Effects on classical conditioning were evaluated using contextual fear conditioning test. Additionally, spontaneous locomotor activity of mice was measured. These two tests were performed in CD-1 mice. Our study reports that both tested agents disturbed short-term spatial memory in the Barnes maze test, however, SCOP revealed a higher activity. Surprisingly, learning in contextual fear conditioning test was impaired only by SCOP. ᅟ ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Malikowska-Racia
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30 - 688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Adrian Podkowa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30 - 688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30 - 688, Krakow, Poland
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Tabassum S, Haider S. Extensive but not Limited Repeated Trials in Passive Avoidance Task Induce Stress-like Symptoms and Affect Memory Function in Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 371:495-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Liaquat L, Batool Z, Sadir S, Rafiq S, Shahzad S, Perveen T, Haider S. Naringenin-induced enhanced antioxidant defence system meliorates cholinergic neurotransmission and consolidates memory in male rats. Life Sci 2018; 194:213-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ko YH, Kwon SH, Lee SY, Jang CG. Liquiritigenin ameliorates memory and cognitive impairment through cholinergic and BDNF pathways in the mouse hippocampus. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:1209-1217. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Laurino A, Lucenteforte E, De Siena G, Raimondi L. The impact of scopolamine pretreatment on 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) effects on memory and pain in mice. Horm Behav 2017; 94:93-96. [PMID: 28711308 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM), a by-product of thyroid hormone metabolism, pharmacologically administered to mice acutely stimulated learning and memory acquisition and provided hyperalgesia with a mechanism which remains to be defined. We now aimed to investigate whether the T1AM effect on memory and pain was maintained in mice pre-treated with scopolamine, a non-selective muscarinic antagonist expected to induce amnesia and, possibly, hyperalgesia. Mice were pre-treated with scopolamine and, after 20min, injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with T1AM (0.13, 0.4, 1.32μg/kg). 15min after T1AM injection, the mice learning capacity or their pain threshold were evaluated by the light/dark box and by the hot plate test (51.5°C) respectively. Experiments in the light/dark box were repeated in mice receiving clorgyline (2.5mg/kg, i.p.), a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor administered 10min before scopolamine (0.3mg/kg). Our results demonstrated that 0.3mg/kg scopolamine induced amnesia without modifying the murine pain threshold. T1AM fully reversed scopolamine-induced amnesia and produced hyperalgesia at a dose as low as 0.13μg/kg. The T1AM anti-amnestic effect was lost in mice pre-treated with clorgyline. We report that the removal of muscarinic signalling increases T1AM pro learning and hyperalgesic effectiveness suggesting T1AM as a potential treatment as a "pro-drug" for memory dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziatina Laurino
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Drug Sciences, Psychology, Child Health and Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Ersilia Lucenteforte
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Drug Sciences, Psychology, Child Health and Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Gaetano De Siena
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Drug Sciences, Psychology, Child Health and Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Drug Sciences, Psychology, Child Health and Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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Tabassum S, Haider S, Ahmad S, Madiha S, Parveen T. Chronic choline supplementation improves cognitive and motor performance via modulating oxidative and neurochemical status in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abarova S, Koynova R, Tancheva L, Tenchov B. A novel DSC approach for evaluating protectant drugs efficacy against dementia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2934-2941. [PMID: 28778589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry was applied to evaluate the efficacy of preventive treatments with biologically active compounds of plant origin against neurodegenerative disorder in mice. As we reported recently, large differences exist between the heat capacity profiles of water-soluble brain proteome fractions from healthy animals and from animals with scopolamine-induced dementia: the profiles for healthy animals displayed well expressed exothermic event peaking at 40-45°C, by few degrees above body temperature, but still preceding in temperature the proteome endothermic denaturational transitions; the low-temperature exotherm was completely abolished by the scopolamine treatment. Here we explored this signature difference in the heat capacity profiles to assess the efficacy of preventive treatments with protectant drugs anticipated to slow down or block progression of dementia (myrtenal, ellagic acid, lipoic acid and their combinations, including also ascorbic acid). We found that these neuroprotectants counteract the scopolamine effect and partially or completely preserve the 'healthy' thermogram, and specifically the low-temperature exotherm. These results well correlate with the changes in the cognitive functions of the animals assessed using the Step Through Test for learning and memory. The exothermic event is deemed to be associated with a reversible process of fibrillization and/or aggregation of specific water-soluble brain protein fractions preceding their denaturation. Most importantly, the results demonstrate that the effect of scopolamine and its prevention by protectant substances are clearly displayed in the heat capacity profiles of the brain proteome, thus identifying DSC as a powerful method in drug testing and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviya Abarova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Lyubka Tancheva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Boris Tenchov
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Ionita R, Postu PA, Beppe GJ, Mihasan M, Petre BA, Hancianu M, Cioanca O, Hritcu L. Cognitive-enhancing and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract from Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum. stem bark in a rat model of scopolamine. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2017; 13:5. [PMID: 28351401 PMCID: PMC5371259 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-017-0123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants of the genus Markhamia have been traditionally used by different tribes in various parts of West African countries, including Cameroun. Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum. (Bignoniaceae) is used as an antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant and anti-Alzheimer agent. The current study was undertaken in order to investigate its anti-amnesic and antioxidant potential on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment and to determine its possible mechanism of action. METHODS Rats were pretreated with the aqueous extract (50 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.), for 10 days, and received a single injection of scopolamine (0.7 mg/kg, i.p.) before training in Y-maze and radial arm-maze tests. The biochemical parameters in the rat hippocampus were also assessed to explore oxidative status. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. F values for which p < 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS In the scopolamine-treated rats, the aqueous extract improved memory in behavioral tests and decreased the oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus. Also, the aqueous extract exhibited anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the aqueous extract ameliorates scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairment by attenuation of the oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Ionita
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Paula Alexandra Postu
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Galba Jean Beppe
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO Box, 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Marius Mihasan
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Brindusa Alina Petre
- Department of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica Hancianu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Oana Cioanca
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
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Tung BT, Hai NT, Thu DK. Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities in vitro of different fraction of Huperzia squarrosa (Forst.) Trevis extract and attenuation of scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:24-32. [PMID: 28025162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huperzia squarrosa (Forst.) Trevis is used in traditional medicine for improving memory deficits. Alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids are main bioactive compounds of Huperzia squarrosa (Forst.) Trevis. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant, AChE inhibitory activities in vitro of differents fraction of Huperzia squarrosa (Forst.) Trevis extract and neuroprotective effects of EtOAc fraction on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH assay. AChE inhibitory effect in vitro and detail kinetic inhibition mechanism was evaluated by Ellman's assay. For in vivo assay, mice were administrated orally EtOAc fraction (150 and 300mg/kg) for fourteen days, and injected scopolamine at a dose of 1mg/kg intraperitoneally for four days to induce memory injured. The memory behaviors were evaluated using the Morris water maze. ACh levels were measured in brain tissue. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, malondialdehyde and protein thiol groups were also evaluated in the brains. RESULTS Our data also demonstrated that EtOAc fraction had the strongest antioxidant with an IC50 value of 9.35±1.68µg/mL and AChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 23.44±3.14μg/mL in a concentration-dependent manner. Kinetic inhibition analysis indicated that EtOAc fraction was mixed inhibition type with Ki (representing the affinity of the enzyme and inhibitor) was 34.75±1.42µg/mL. Scopolamine significantly increased the escape latency time, reduced the crossings number, and swimming time in the target quadrant, while EtOAc fraction reversed these scopolamine-induced effects. EtOAc fraction significantly increased levels of acetylcholine in the brain. EtOAc fraction also significantly decreased oxidative stress in mice. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that EtOAc fraction of Huperzia squarrosa extract exhibited a strong neuroprotective effect on cognitive impairment, and may be a potential candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui Thanh Tung
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Thanh Hai
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Dang Kim Thu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Voller J, Maková B, Kadlecová A, Gonzalez G, Strnad M. Plant Hormone Cytokinins for Modulating Human Aging and Age-Related Diseases. HEALTHY AGEING AND LONGEVITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63001-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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