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Rotman S, Koch N, Wiesner L, Aubert V, Rosales IA, Colvin RB, Raffoul W, Pascual M. Nonvascularized human skin chronic allograft rejection. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:3191-3196. [PMID: 31344327 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A 65-year-old man had extensive burns of the lower legs in 1991, at the age of 40 years. He was treated by nonvascularized and de-epithelialized, allogeneic split-thickness skin allograft and cyclosporine monotherapy for 2 months. Ulcers developed between 10 and 25 years after transplantation and a surgical debridement on the lower extremities was required. Analyses of the removed tissue allografts showed chronic antibody-mediated and cellular rejection with extensive and dense fibrosis, and diffuse capillary C4d deposits. An anti-DRB1*08:01, donor-specific antibody was present. A unique clinical condition with late immunopathological features of human skin chronic allograft rejection is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rotman
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Koch
- Service of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Wiesner
- Service of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Aubert
- Service of Immunology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivy A Rosales
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert B Colvin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wassim Raffoul
- Service of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Pascual
- Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Gerlach JC, Johnen C, Hartmann B, Plettig J, Bräutigam K, Toman N, Esteban-Vives R, Hubald S. An in vitro feasibility investigation considering primary human melanocytes for spray- grafting of freshly isolated autologous skin cells for burn treatment and a clinical case report. Surg Case Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.31487/j.scr.2019.03.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A skin cell-spray grafting technique that enables the on-site application of freshly isolated autologous single cell suspensions was already applied in many cases on caucasian patients with low skin coloration. Our project hypothesis is that these suspensions contain keratinocytes and vital melanocytes, that are of particular interest for the treatment of patients of darker skin color. To test this, we applied an in vitro model, wherein the feasibility of i) isolating and ii) spraying of freshly isolated autologous melanocyte-keratinocyte cell suspensions was investigated. Primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) and melanocytes (MCs) were isolated from skin biopsies (n=8). Biochemical parameter, cell counts, cell morphology, growth behavior and immunofluorescence results were compared in two groups using MC cultures and co-cultures of MCs with HEKs. Case information on using the method clinically with one patient is included. The sprayed mixed cell suspensions proliferated in all groups without measurable loss of viability, and MCs exhibited a regular cell morphology in monoculture up to passage 4°. The sprayed MCs and HEKs demonstrated in vitro glucose and lactate metabolism that was comparable to the pipetted controls. In co-culture, well distributed CK14+ HEKs and NKI/beteb+ MCs could be demonstrated, which interacted in the in vitro model. The ratio of HEKs : MCs in our primary cultures were microscopically counted (n=8 each) as mean +/- SD 1,211,000 (+/- 574,343) HEK : 99,625 (+/- 59,025) MC; i.e., a ratio of approx. 12 : 1. Using the isolation method clinically for a patient with dark skin coloration after suffering severe second-degree burns shows a satisfying re-pigmentation of the resulting wound post healing. Freshly isolated spray-on melanocyte/keratinocyte suspensions provide for a considerable amount of viable HEKs and MCs. Using MCs in spray-grafting suspensions could represent a promising approach for treating severe partial-thickness burns and innovative therapy developments that also aim to address cosmetic aspects.
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Matsumine H, Giatsidis G, Osada A, Kamei W, Fujimaki H, Tsukamoto Y, Hashimoto K, Fujii K, Sakurai H. Keratinocyte sheets prepared with temperature-responsive dishes show enhanced survival after in vivo grafting on acellular dermal matrices in a rat model of staged bi-layered skin reconstruction. Regen Ther 2019; 11:167-175. [PMID: 31388519 PMCID: PMC6669809 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bi-layered skin reconstruction can be achieved by staged grafting of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) and cultured epithelial keratinocyte sheets (KSs). Both KSs and ADMs have been used for long; yet, their combined use has shown poor effectiveness. This outcome has been related to the enzymatic treatment used in the preparation of KSs, which impairs their adhesion potential to ADMs and the formation of a basement membrane (BM). Temperature-responsive (TR) culture dishes allow for enzyme-free preparation of KSs with preservation of BMs and intercellular adhesion proteins; yet, their use has not been previously applied to staged bi-layered skin reconstruction. Using an in vivo rat model, we tested the hypothesis that TR cultures enhance KSs survival and BM preservation after sequential grafting on ADMs. Methods In nude rats (n = 9/group), a 9-cm [2] full-thickness dorsal skin defect was repaired with a commercial ADM. At 2 weeks after surgery, we grafted the ADM with KSs (circular, 25 mm diameter), prepared from human cells either by enzymatic Dispase treatment (DT control group) or a TR culture dish (TR experimental group). KSs survival and BMs preservation was assessed one week later by digital imaging, histology (hematoxylin & eosin), immunohistochemistry (collagen IV, pancytokeratins) and immunofluorescence (cytokeratin 1-5-6, laminin). Results The TR group showed a significantly higher KSs survival (120 ± 49 vs. 63 ± 42 mm2; p < 0.05) and epidermal thickness (165 ± 79 vs. 65 ± 54 μm; p < 0.01) compared with the control DT group, as well as higher epidermal maturation (cytokeratin) and a denser laminin and Collagen IV expression in the BMs in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion These findings suggest that KSs prepared with TR culture dishes have significantly enhanced survival when grafted on ADMs; these outcomes could help improve current clinical strategies in wound care by skin reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Matsumine
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Giorgio Giatsidis
- The Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Atsuyoshi Osada
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Wataru Kamei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujimaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsukamoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hashimoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kaori Fujii
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakurai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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Lo CH, Chong E, Akbarzadeh S, Brown WA, Cleland H. A systematic review: Current trends and take rates of cultured epithelial autografts in the treatment of patients with burn injuries. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 27:693-701. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng H. Lo
- Victorian Adult Burns Service Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical SchoolMonash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Elaine Chong
- Centre for Eye Research AustraliaRoyal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital East Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Shiva Akbarzadeh
- Skin Bioengineering LaboratoryVictorian Adult Burns Service Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Wendy A. Brown
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical SchoolMonash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Heather Cleland
- Victorian Adult Burns Service Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical SchoolMonash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Kaur A, Midha S, Giri S, Mohanty S. Functional Skin Grafts: Where Biomaterials Meet Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1286054. [PMID: 31354835 PMCID: PMC6636521 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1286054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin tissue engineering has attained several clinical milestones making remarkable progress over the past decades. Skin is inhabited by a plethora of cells spatiotemporally arranged in a 3-dimensional (3D) matrix, creating a complex microenvironment of cell-matrix interactions. This complexity makes it difficult to mimic the native skin structure using conventional tissue engineering approaches. With the advent of newer fabrication strategies, the field is evolving rapidly. However, there is still a long way before an artificial skin substitute can fully mimic the functions and anatomical hierarchy of native human skin. The current focus of skin tissue engineers is primarily to develop a 3D construct that maintains the functionality of cultured cells in a guided manner over a period of time. While several natural and synthetic biopolymers have been translated, only partial clinical success is attained so far. Key challenges include the hierarchical complexity of skin anatomy; compositional mismatch in terms of material properties (stiffness, roughness, wettability) and degradation rate; biological complications like varied cell numbers, cell types, matrix gradients in each layer, varied immune responses, and varied methods of fabrication. In addition, with newer biomaterials being adopted for fabricating patient-specific skin substitutes, issues related to escalating processing costs, scalability, and stability of the constructs under in vivo conditions have raised some concerns. This review provides an overview of the field of skin regenerative medicine, existing clinical therapies, and limitations of the current techniques. We have further elaborated on the upcoming tissue engineering strategies that may serve as promising alternatives for generating functional skin substitutes, the pros and cons associated with each technique, and scope of their translational potential in the treatment of chronic skin ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amtoj Kaur
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Midha
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shibashish Giri
- Department of Cell Techniques and Applied Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Rezaie F, Momeni-Moghaddam M, Naderi-Meshkin H. Regeneration and Repair of Skin Wounds: Various Strategies for Treatment. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2019; 18:247-261. [PMID: 31257948 DOI: 10.1177/1534734619859214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skin as a mechanical barrier between the inner and outer environment of our body protects us against infection and electrolyte loss. This organ consists of 3 layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Any disruption in the integrity of skin leads to the formation of wounds, which are divided into 2 main categories: acute wounds and chronic wounds. Generally, acute wounds heal relatively faster. In contrast to acute wounds, closure of chronic wounds is delayed by 3 months after the initial insult. Treatment of chronic wounds has been one of the most challenging issues in the field of regenerative medicine, promoting scientists to develop various therapeutic strategies for a fast, qualified, and most cost-effective treatment modality. Here, we reviewed more recent approaches, including the development of stem cell therapy, tissue-engineered skin substitutes, and skin equivalents, for the healing of complex wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Rezaie
- Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.,Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
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Rodriguez-Ferreyra P, Gayosso-Cerón O, Alonso-Campero R, Tellez-Tellez A, Balderas-Sánchez R, Funk M, Reyes-Ibarra AP. Experience with Epifast® cryopreserved epidermal allograft in the treatment of superficial and deep second-degree burns: Retrospective study of 297 cases, 2010–2015. BURNS OPEN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burnso.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Radharaman, Kumar P, K.S. A, Kumar Sharma R. The role of recruited minced skin grafting in improving the quality of healing at the donor site of split-thickness skin graft—A comparative study. Burns 2019; 45:923-928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jr da Costa Fernandes C, Pinto TS, Kang HR, de Magalhães Padilha P, Koh IHJ, Constantino VRL, Zambuzzi WF. Layered Double Hydroxides Are Promising Nanomaterials for Tissue Bioengineering Application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1800238. [PMID: 32648675 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have emerged as promising nanomaterials for human health and although it has achieved some progress on this matter, their application within bioengineering is not fully addressed. This prompted to subject fibroblasts to two compositions of LDHs (Mg2 Al-Cl and Zn2 Al-Cl), considering an acute response. First, LDH particles are addressed by scanning electron microscopy, and no significant effect of the cell culture medium on the shape of LDHs particles is reported although it seems to adsorb some soluble proteins as proposed by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. These LDHs release magnesium, zinc, and aluminum, but there is no cytotoxic or biocompatibility effects. The data show interference to fibroblast adhesion by driving the reorganization of actin-based cytoskeleton, preliminarily to cell cycle progression. Additionally, these molecular findings are validated by performing a functional wound-healing assay, which is accompanied by a dynamic extracellular matrix remodeling in response to the LDHs. Altogether, the results show that LDHs nanomaterials modulate cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration, delineating new advances on the biomaterial field applied in the context of soft tissue bioengineering, which must be explored in health disorders, such as wound healing in burn injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célio Jr da Costa Fernandes
- Lab. de Bioensaios e Dinâmica Celular, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Thaís Silva Pinto
- Lab. de Bioensaios e Dinâmica Celular, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Ha Ram Kang
- Lab. de Bioensaios e Dinâmica Celular, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Pedro de Magalhães Padilha
- Lab. de Bioensaios e Dinâmica Celular, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Ivan Hong Jun Koh
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Rua Botucatu 740, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vera Regina Leopoldo Constantino
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian F Zambuzzi
- Lab. de Bioensaios e Dinâmica Celular, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18618-970, Brazil
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A novel strategy to engineer pre-vascularized 3-dimensional skin substitutes to achieve efficient, functional engraftment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7797. [PMID: 31127144 PMCID: PMC6534548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous split-thickness skin grafts are the preferred treatment for excised burn wounds, but donor sites for autografting are often limited in patients with extensive burns. A number of alternative treatments are already in use to treat large burns and ulcers. Despite intense efforts to develop tissue-engineered skin, delayed or absent vascularization is one of the major reasons for tissue-engineered skin engraftment failure. To overcome these problems, we developed a scaffold-free 3-dimensional (3D) skin substitute containing vascular networks that combine dermal fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and epidermal keratinocytes based on our layer-by-layer cell coating technique. We transplanted the pre-vascularized 3D skin substitutes onto full-thickness skin defects on severe combined immunodeficiency mice to assess their integration with the host tissue and effects on wound healing. We used non-vascularized 3D skin substitutes as a control. Vessels containing red blood cells were evident in the non-vascularized control by day 14. However, blood perfusion of the human-derived vasculature could be detected within 7 days of grafting. Moreover, the pre-vascularized 3D skin substitutes had high graft survival and their epidermal layers were progressively replaced by mouse epidermis. We propose that a novel dermo-epidermal 3D skin substitute containing blood vessels can promote efficient reconstruction of full-thickness skin defects.
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Effect of Mature Adipocyte-Derived Dedifferentiated Fat Cells on Formation of Basement Membrane after Cultured Epithelial Autograft on Artificial Dermis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 143:983e-992e. [PMID: 30807494 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial dermis is an important option for preparing full-thickness wounds for cultured epithelial autografting. Long-term fragility after cultured epithelial autografting remains a problem, probably because of the lack of basement membrane proteins. The authors hypothesized that treating artificial dermis with mesenchymal stem cells would promote basement membrane protein production. The authors tested this using dedifferentiated fat cells in a porcine experimental model. METHODS This study used four male crossbred (Landrace, Large White, and Duroc) swine. Cultured epithelium and dedifferentiated fat cells were prepared from skin and subcutaneous fat tissue harvested from the cervical region. Full-thickness open dorsal wounds were created and treated with artificial dermis to prepare a graft bed for cultured epithelial autograft. Two groups were established: the control group (artificial dermis treated with 0.5 ml of normal saline solution applied to the wounds) and the dedifferentiated fat group (artificial dermis treated with 0.5 × 10 dedifferentiated fat cells suspended in 0.5 ml of normal saline solution sprayed onto the wounds). On postoperative day 10, the prepared cultured epithelium was grafted onto the generated dermis-like tissue. Fourteen days later, tissue specimens were harvested and evaluated histologically. RESULTS Light microscopy of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections revealed the beginning of rete ridge formation in the dedifferentiated fat group. Synthesis of both collagen IV and laminin-5 was significantly enhanced in the dedifferentiated fat group. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a nearly mature basement membrane, including anchoring fibrils in the dedifferentiated fat group. CONCLUSION Combined use of artificial dermis and dedifferentiated fat cells promotes post-cultured epithelial autograft production and deposition of basement membrane proteins at the dermal-epidermal junction and basement membrane development, including anchoring fibrils.
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Matsumura W, Fujita Y, Shinkuma S, Suzuki S, Yokoshiki S, Goto H, Hayashi H, Ono K, Inoie M, Takashima S, Nakayama C, Nomura T, Nakamura H, Abe R, Sato N, Shimizu H. Cultured Epidermal Autografts from Clinically Revertant Skin as a Potential Wound Treatment for Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2115-2124.e11. [PMID: 31054844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inherited skin disorders have been reported recently to have sporadic normal-looking areas, where a portion of the keratinocytes have recovered from causative gene mutations (revertant mosaicism). We observed a case of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa treated with cultured epidermal autografts (CEAs), whose CEA-grafted site remained epithelized for 16 years. We proved that the CEA product and the grafted area included cells with revertant mosaicism. Based on these findings, we conducted an investigator-initiated clinical trial of CEAs from clinically revertant skin for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. The donor sites were analyzed by genetic analysis, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and quantification of the reverted mRNA with deep sequencing. The primary endpoint was the ulcer epithelization rate per patient at 4 weeks after the last CEA application. Three patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa with 8 ulcers were enrolled, and the epithelization rate for each patient at the primary endpoint was 87.7%, 100%, and 57.0%, respectively. The clinical effects were found to persist for at least 76 weeks after CEA transplantation. One of the three patients had apparent revertant mosaicism in the donor skin and in the post-transplanted area. CEAs from clinically normal skin are a potentially well-tolerated treatment for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Matsumura
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Satoru Shinkuma
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shotaro Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saki Yokoshiki
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideki Goto
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hayashi
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kota Ono
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Shota Takashima
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nakayama
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Riichiro Abe
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sato
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Mogha P, Srivastava A, Kumar S, Das S, Kureel S, Dwivedi A, Karulkar A, Jain N, Sawant A, Nayak C, Majumder A, Purwar R. Hydrogel scaffold with substrate elasticity mimicking physiological-niche promotes proliferation of functional keratinocytes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10174-10183. [PMID: 31304009 PMCID: PMC6592153 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00781d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High numbers of autologous human primary keratinocytes (HPKs) are required for patients with burns, wounds and for gene therapy of skin disorders. Although freshly isolated HPKs exhibit a robust regenerative capacity, traditional methodology fails to provide a sufficient number of cells. Here we demonstrated a well characterized, non-cytotoxic and inert hydrogel as a substrate that mimics skin elasticity, which can accelerate proliferation and generate higher numbers of HPKs compared to existing tissue culture plastic (TCP) dishes. More importantly, this novel method was independent of feeder layer or any exogenous pharmaceutical drug. The HPKs from the hydrogel-substrate were functional as demonstrated by wound-healing assay, and the expression of IFN-γ-responsive genes (CXCL10, HLADR). Importantly, gene delivery efficiency by a lentiviral based delivery system was significantly higher in HPKs cultured on hydrogels compared with TCP. In conclusion, our study provides the first evidence that cell-material mechanical interaction is enough to provide a rapid expansion of functional keratinocytes that might be used as autologous grafts for skin disorders. High numbers of autologous human primary keratinocytes (HPKs) are required for patients with burns, wounds and for gene therapy of skin disorders.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Mogha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
| | - Sushant Kumar
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
| | - Sreya Das
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
| | - Sanjay Kureel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
| | - Alka Dwivedi
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
| | - Atharva Karulkar
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
| | - Nikita Jain
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
| | - Abhijeet Sawant
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Topiwala National Medical College & B. Y. L. Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400008, India
| | - Chitra Nayak
- Department of Dermatology, B. Y. L Nair Ch. Hospital & T. N. Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400008, India
| | - Abhijit Majumder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
| | - Rahul Purwar
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
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Shpichka A, Butnaru D, Bezrukov EA, Sukhanov RB, Atala A, Burdukovskii V, Zhang Y, Timashev P. Skin tissue regeneration for burn injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:94. [PMID: 30876456 PMCID: PMC6419807 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the body, which meets the environment most directly. Thus, the skin is vulnerable to various damages, particularly burn injury. Skin wound healing is a serious interaction between cell types, cytokines, mediators, the neurovascular system, and matrix remodeling. Tissue regeneration technology remarkably enhances skin repair via re-epidermalization, epidermal-stromal cell interactions, angiogenesis, and inhabitation of hypertrophic scars and keloids. The success rates of skin healing for burn injuries have significantly increased with the use of various skin substitutes. In this review, we discuss skin replacement with cells, growth factors, scaffolds, or cell-seeded scaffolds for skin tissue reconstruction and also compare the high efficacy and cost-effectiveness of each therapy. We describe the essentials, achievements, and challenges of cell-based therapy in reducing scar formation and improving burn injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Butnaru
- Sechenov Biomedical Science and Technology Park, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Vitaliy Burdukovskii
- Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Research Center “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Institute of Photonic Technologies, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
- Departments of Polymers and Composites, N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia
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Hahn JM, Combs KA, Lloyd CM, McFarland KL, Boyce ST, Supp DM. Identification of Merkel cells associated with neurons in engineered skin substitutes after grafting to full thickness wounds. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213325. [PMID: 30835771 PMCID: PMC6400390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered skin substitutes (ESS), prepared using primary human fibroblasts and keratinocytes with a biopolymer scaffold, were shown to provide stable closure of excised burns, but relatively little is known about innervation of ESS after grafting. This study investigated innervation of ESS and, specifically, whether Merkel cells are present in healed grafts. Merkel cells are specialized neuroendocrine cells required for fine touch sensation in skin. We discovered cells positive for keratin 20 (KRT20), a general marker for Merkel cells, in the basal epidermis of ESS after transplantation to mice, suggesting the presence of Merkel cells. Cells expressing KRT20 were not observed in ESS in vitro. However, widely separated KRT20-positive cells were observed in basal epidermis of ESS by 2 weeks after grafting. By 4 weeks, these cells increased in number and expressed keratins 18 and 19, additional Merkel cells markers. Putative Merkel cell numbers increased further between weeks 6 and 14; their densities varied widely and no specific pattern of organization was observed, similar to Merkel cell localization in human skin. KRT20-positive cells co-expressed epidermal markers E-cadherin and keratin 15, suggesting derivation from the epidermal lineage, and neuroendocrine markers synaptophysin and chromogranin A, consistent with their identification as Merkel cells. By 4 weeks after grafting, some Merkel cells in engineered skin were associated with immature afferents expressing neurofilament-medium. By 8 weeks, Merkel cells were complexed with more mature neurons expressing neurofilament-heavy. Positive staining for human leukocyte antigen demonstrated that the Merkel cells in ESS were derived from grafted human cells. The results identify, for the first time, Merkel cell-neurite complexes in engineered skin in vivo. This suggests that fine touch sensation may be restored in ESS after grafting, although this must be confirmed with future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Hahn
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children – Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kelly A. Combs
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children – Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Lloyd
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kevin L. McFarland
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children – Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steven T. Boyce
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children – Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dorothy M. Supp
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children – Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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66
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Wound healing after cultured epithelial autografting in patients with massive burn injury: A cohort study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019; 72:427-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Amniotic cells share clusters of differentiation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes, influencing their ability to proliferate and aid in wound healing while impairing their angiogenesis capability. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:167-178. [PMID: 30826324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An alternative to cultured skin cell grafts usage in burn treatment is the graft of allogenic stem cells. We verified whether amniotic stem cells are better than the present therapeutic standard: grafts of autologous keratinocytes and fibroblasts along with autologous adipose-derived stem cells, and whether amniotic stem cells can support the growth of autologous keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the culture. The study was performed on the material from 18 amnia. Skin cells were obtained from 3 patients. In order to assess the influence of stem cells on keratinocytes and fibroblasts, the following experiments were performed: impact on viability and cell cycle, wound healing capability, angiogenesis capability, influence on the proliferation speed and capability to differentiate into skin cells. We demonstrated that human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMMSCs) share amniotic proteins with skin cells. Amniotic stem cells may replace skin fibroblasts in grafts due to the close similarity in their surface antigens, with significantly larger proliferative potential and ability to stimulate wound healing. It was shown that adding amniotic cells to both keratinocytes and fibroblast cultures accelerates directional migration by ≥ 40%. We confirmed in this study the influence of amniotic cells on the proliferation and cell cycle of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Amniotic stem cells can be successfully used not only as a first choice graft but also to replace 3T3 line cells, supporting the proliferation of the cells during the culturing, as well as a supplementary graft supporting an autologous graft of keratinocytes and fibroblasts.
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Natesan S, Wrice NL, Christy RJ. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α agonist and all‐
trans
retinoic acid induce epithelial differentiation of subcutaneous adipose‐derived stem cells from debrided burn skin. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9213-9229. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugasundaram Natesan
- Combat Trauma and Burn Injury Research United States Army Institute of Surgical Research Fort Sam Houston Texas
| | - Nicole L. Wrice
- Combat Trauma and Burn Injury Research United States Army Institute of Surgical Research Fort Sam Houston Texas
| | - Robert J. Christy
- Combat Trauma and Burn Injury Research United States Army Institute of Surgical Research Fort Sam Houston Texas
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69
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Tomic-Canic M, Wong LL, Smola H. The epithelialisation phase in wound healing: options to enhance wound closure. J Wound Care 2018; 27:646-658. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2018.27.10.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Majana Tomic-Canic
- Professor and Vice Chair of Research; Director, Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program; Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, US
| | - Lulu L. Wong
- MD Candidate; Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, US
| | - Hans Smola
- Professor of Dermatology, Medical Director, PAUL HARTMANN AG, Heidenheim and Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Hassanzadeh H, Matin MM, Naderi-Meshkin H, Bidkhori HR, Mirahmadi M, Raeesolmohaddeseen M, Sanjar-Moussavi N, Bahrami AR. Using paracrine effects of Ad-MSCs on keratinocyte cultivation and fabrication of epidermal sheets for improving clinical applications. Cell Tissue Bank 2018; 19:531-547. [PMID: 30105667 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-018-9702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in wound healing have made cell therapy a potential approach for the treatment of various types of skin defects such as trauma, burns, scars and diabetic leg ulcers. Cultured keratinocytes have been applied to burn patients since 1981. Patients with acute and chronic wounds can be treated with autologous/allograft cultured keratinocytes. There are various methods for cultivation of epidermal keratinocytes used in cell therapy. One of the important properties of an efficient cell therapy is the preservation of epidermal stem cells. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are major regulatory cells involved in the acceleration of wound healing via induction of cell proliferation, angiogenesis and stimulating the release of paracrine signaling molecules. Considering the beneficial effects of MSCs on wound healing, the main aim of the present study is investigating paracrine effects of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell (Ad-MSCs) on cultivation of keratinocytes with focusing on preservation of stem cells and their differentiation process. We further introduced a new approach for culturing isolated keratinocytes in vitro in order to generate epidermal keratinocyte sheets without using a feeder layer. To do so, Ad-MSC conditioned medium was applied as an alternative to commercial media for keratinocyte cultivation. In this study, the expression of several stem/progenitor cell (P63, K19 and K14) and differentition (K10, IVL and FLG) markers was examined using real time PCR on days 7, 14 and 21 of culture in keratinocytes in Ad-MSC conditioned medium. P63 and α6 integrin expression was also evaluated via flow cytometry. The results were compared with control group including keratinocytes cultured in EpiLife medium and our data indicated that this Ad-MSC conditioned medium is a good alternative for keratinocyte cultivation and producing epidermal sheets for therapeutic and clinical purposes. The reasons are the expression of stem cell and differentiation markers and overcoming the requirement for feeder layer which leads to a xenograft-free transplantation. Besides, this approach has low cost and is easier to perform. However, more in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as safety evaluation required before clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimeh Hassanzadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. .,Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mirahmadi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmood Raeesolmohaddeseen
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. .,Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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71
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Savoji H, Godau B, Hassani MS, Akbari M. Skin Tissue Substitutes and Biomaterial Risk Assessment and Testing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:86. [PMID: 30094235 PMCID: PMC6070628 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made over the past few decades to develop skin substitutes for the management of acute and chronic wounds. With the advent of tissue engineering and the ability to combine advanced manufacturing technologies with biomaterials and cell culture systems, more biomimetic tissue constructs have been emerged. Synthetic and natural biomaterials are the main constituents of these skin-like constructs, which play a significant role in tissue grafting, the body's immune response, and the healing process. The act of implanting biomaterials into the human body is subject to the body's immune response, and the complex nature of the immune system involves many different cell types and biological processes that will ultimately determine the success of a skin graft. As such, a large body of recent studies has been focused on the evaluation of the performance and risk assessment of these substitutes. This review summarizes the past and present advances in in vitro, in vivo and clinical applications of tissue-engineered skins. We discuss the role of immunomodulatory biomaterials and biomaterials risk assessment in skin tissue engineering. We will finally offer a roadmap for regulating tissue engineered skin substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brent Godau
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Mohsen Sheikh Hassani
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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72
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Magne B, Lataillade JJ, Trouillas M. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Preconditioning: The Next Step Toward a Customized Treatment For Severe Burn. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1385-1405. [PMID: 30039742 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last century, the clinical management of severe skin burns significantly progressed with the development of burn care units, topical antimicrobials, resuscitation methods, early eschar excision surgeries, and skin grafts. Despite these considerable advances, the present treatment of severe burns remains burdensome, and patients are highly susceptible to skin engraftment failure, infections, organ dysfunction, and hypertrophic scarring. Recent researches have focused on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy and hold great promises for tissue repair, as reported in several animal studies and clinical cases. In the present review, we will provide an up-to-date outlook of the pathophysiology of severe skin burns, clinical treatment modalities and current limitations. We will then focus on MSCs and their potential in the burn wound healing both in in vitro and in vivo studies. A specific attention will be paid to the cell preconditioning approach, as a means of improving the MSC efficacy in the treatment of major skin burns. In particular, we will debate how several preconditioning cues would modulate the MSC properties to better match up with the burn pathophysiology in the course of the cell therapy. Finally, we will discuss the clinical interest and feasibility of a MSC-based therapy in comparison to their paracrine derivatives, including microvesicles and conditioned media for the treatment of major skin burn injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Magne
- INSERM U1197-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)/Antenne Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées (CTSA) , Clamart, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- INSERM U1197-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)/Antenne Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées (CTSA) , Clamart, France
| | - Marina Trouillas
- INSERM U1197-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)/Antenne Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées (CTSA) , Clamart, France
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73
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Li Z, Maitz P. Cell therapy for severe burn wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2018; 6:13. [PMID: 29854856 PMCID: PMC5971426 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-018-0117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy has emerged as an important component of life-saving procedures in treating burns. Over past decades, advances in stem cells and regenerative medicine have offered exciting opportunities of developing cell-based alternatives and demonstrated the potential and feasibility of various stem cells for burn wound healing. However, there are still scientific and technical issues that should be resolved to facilitate the full potential of the cellular devices. More evidence from large, randomly controlled trials is also needed to understand the clinical impact of cell therapy in burns. This article aims to provide an up-to-date review of the research development and clinical applications of cell therapies in burn wound healing and skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Burns Unit, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales 2139 Australia
- Skin Laboratory, NSW Statewide Burns Service, Concord, New South Wales Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, New South Wales Australia
| | - Peter Maitz
- Burns Unit, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales 2139 Australia
- Skin Laboratory, NSW Statewide Burns Service, Concord, New South Wales Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, New South Wales Australia
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74
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Gsib O, Deneufchatel M, Goczkowski M, Trouillas M, Resche-Guigon M, Bencherif S, Fichet O, Lataillade JJ, Larreta-Garde V, Egles C. FibriDerm: Interpenetrated Fibrin Scaffolds for the Construction of Human Skin Equivalents for Full Thickness Burns. Ing Rech Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Instructive microenvironments in skin wound healing: Biomaterials as signal releasing platforms. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:95-117. [PMID: 29627369 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skin wound healing aims to repair and restore tissue through a multistage process that involves different cells and signalling molecules that regulate the cellular response and the dynamic remodelling of the extracellular matrix. Nowadays, several therapies that combine biomolecule signals (growth factors and cytokines) and cells are being proposed. However, a lack of reliable evidence of their efficacy, together with associated issues such as high costs, a lack of standardization, no scalable processes, and storage and regulatory issues, are hampering their application. In situ tissue regeneration appears to be a feasible strategy that uses the body's own capacity for regeneration by mobilizing host endogenous stem cells or tissue-specific progenitor cells to the wound site to promote repair and regeneration. The aim is to engineer instructive systems to regulate the spatio-temporal delivery of proper signalling based on the biological mechanisms of the different events that occur in the host microenvironment. This review describes the current state of the different signal cues used in wound healing and skin regeneration, and their combination with biomaterial supports to create instructive microenvironments for wound healing.
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76
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Xue M, Zhao R, Lin H, Jackson C. Delivery systems of current biologicals for the treatment of chronic cutaneous wounds and severe burns. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:219-241. [PMID: 29567398 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While wound therapy remains a clinical challenge in current medical practice, much effort has focused on developing biological therapeutic approaches. This paper presents a comprehensive review of delivery systems for current biologicals for the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns. The biologicals discussed here include proteins such as growth factors and gene modifying molecules, which may be delivered to wounds free, encapsulated, or released from living systems (cells, skin grafts or skin equivalents) or biomaterials. Advances in biomaterial science and technologies have enabled the synthesis of delivery systems such as scaffolds, hydrogels and nanoparticles, designed to not only allow spatially and temporally controlled release of biologicals, but to also emulate the natural extracellular matrix microenvironment. These technologies represent an attractive field for regenerative wound therapy, by offering more personalised and effective treatments.
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77
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Kruse CR, Sakthivel D, Sinha I, Helm D, Sørensen JA, Eriksson E, Nuutila K. Evaluation of the efficacy of cell and micrograft transplantation for full-thickness wound healing. J Surg Res 2018; 227:35-43. [PMID: 29804860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin grafting is the current standard of care in the treatment of full-thickness burns and other wounds. It is sometimes associated with substantial problems, such as poor quality of the healed skin, scarring, and lack of donor-site skin in large burns. To overcome these problems, alternative techniques that could provide larger expansion of a skin graft have been introduced over the years. Particularly, different cell therapies and methods to further expand skin grafts to minimize the need for donor skin have been attempted. The purpose of this study was to objectively evaluate the efficacy of cell and micrograft transplantation in the healing of full-thickness wounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Allogeneic cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts, separately and together, as well as autologous and allogeneic skin micrografts were transplanted to full-thickness rat wounds, and healing was studied over time. In addition, wound fluid was collected, and the level of various cytokines and growth factors in the wound after transplantation was measured. RESULTS Our results showed that both autologous and allogeneic micrografts were efficient treatment modalities for full-thickness wound healing. Allogeneic skin cell transplantation did not result in wound closure, and no viable cells were found in the wound 10 d after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that allogeneic micrografting is a possible treatment modality for full-thickness wound healing. The allografts stayed viable in the wound and contributed to both re-epithelialization and formation of dermis, whereas allogeneic skin cell transplantation did not result in wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla R Kruse
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Dharaniya Sakthivel
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas Helm
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jens A Sørensen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Kristo Nuutila
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Moore AL, Marshall CD, Barnes LA, Murphy MP, Ransom RC, Longaker MT. Scarless wound healing: Transitioning from fetal research to regenerative healing. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 7:10.1002/wdev.309. [PMID: 29316315 PMCID: PMC6485243 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of scarless fetal skin wound healing, research in the field has expanded significantly with the hopes of advancing the finding to adult human patients. There are several differences between fetal and adult skin that have been exploited to facilitate scarless healing in adults including growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix substitutes. However, no one therapy, pathway, or cell subtype is sufficient to support scarless wound healing in adult skin. More recently, products that contain or mimic fetal and adult uninjured dermis were introduced to the wound healing market with promising clinical outcomes. Through our review of the major experimental targets of fetal wound healing, we hope to encourage research in areas that may have a significant clinical impact. Additionally, we will investigate therapies currently in clinical use and evaluate whether they represent a legitimate advance in regenerative medicine or a vulnerary agent. WIREs Dev Biol 2018, 7:e309. doi: 10.1002/wdev.309 This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration Plant Development > Cell Growth and Differentiation Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Environmental Control of Stem Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra L. Moore
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Clement D. Marshall
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Leandra A. Barnes
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Matthew P. Murphy
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ryan C. Ransom
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Kirby GT, Michelmore A, Smith LE, Whittle JD, Short RD. Cell sheets in cell therapies. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:169-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chu GY, Chen YF, Chen HY, Chan MH, Gau CS, Weng SM. Stem cell therapy on skin: Mechanisms, recent advances and drug reviewing issues. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:14-20. [PMID: 29389549 PMCID: PMC9332639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell products and its clinical applications have been widely discussed in recent years, particularly when the Japanese “induced pluripotent stem cells” founder Dr. Yamanaka was awarded as Nobel Prize laureate in 2013. For decades, major progresses have been achieved in the stem cell biology field, and more and more evidence showed that skin stem cells are involved in the process of skin repair. Stem/progenitor cells of the epidermis are recognized to play the most essential role in the tissue regeneration of skin. In this review, we first illustrated basic stem cell characteristics and various stem cell subtypes resided in the skin. Second, we provided several literatures to elucidate how stem/progenitor cells collaborate in the process of skin repair with the evidence from animal model studies and in vitro experiments. Third, we also introduced several examples of skin cell products on the pharmaceutic market and the ongoing clinical trials aiming for unmet medical difficulties of skin. Last but not least, we summarized general reviewing concerns and some disputatious issues on dermatological cell products. With this concise review, we hope to provide further beneficial suggestions for the development of more effective and safer dermatological stem/progenitor cell products in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Yau Chu
- Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei 11557,
Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101,
Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221,
Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Kang-Ning General Hospital, Taipei 11490,
Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Chen
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219,
Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Shih-Ming Weng
- Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei 11557,
Taiwan
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. 3F No. 465, Sec. 6, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 11557, Taiwan. E-mail address: (S.-M. Weng)
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81
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Ter Horst B, Chouhan G, Moiemen NS, Grover LM. Advances in keratinocyte delivery in burn wound care. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 123:18-32. [PMID: 28668483 PMCID: PMC5764224 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an updated overview on keratinocyte transplantation in burn wounds concentrating on application methods and future therapeutic cell delivery options with a special interest in hydrogels and spray devices for cell delivery. To achieve faster re-epithelialisation of burn wounds, the original autologous keratinocyte culture and transplantation technique was introduced over 3 decades ago. Application types of keratinocytes transplantation have improved from cell sheets to single-cell solutions delivered with a spray system. However, further enhancement of cell culture, cell viability and function in vivo, cell carrier and cell delivery systems remain themes of interest. Hydrogels such as chitosan, alginate, fibrin and collagen are frequently used in burn wound care and have advantageous characteristics as cell carriers. Future approaches of keratinocyte transplantation involve spray devices, but optimisation of application technique and carrier type is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Ter Horst
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom; University Hospital Birmingham Foundation Trust, Burns Centre, Mindelsohn Way, B15 2TH Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gurpreet Chouhan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Naiem S Moiemen
- University Hospital Birmingham Foundation Trust, Burns Centre, Mindelsohn Way, B15 2TH Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Liam M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Regenerative Medicine Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1089:115-141. [PMID: 29767289 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A major research challenge is to develop therapeutics that assist with healing damaged tissues and organs because the human body has limited ability to restore the majority of these tissues and organs to their original state. Tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine (RM) promises to offer efficient therapeutic biological strategies that use mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs possess the capability for self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties that make them attractive for clinical applications. They have been extensively investigated in numerous preclinical and clinical settings in an attempt to overcome their challenges and promote tissue regeneration and repair. This review explores the exciting opportunities afforded by MSCs, their desirable properties as cellular therapeutics in RM, and implicates their potential use in clinical practice. Here, we attempt to identify challenges and issues that determine the clinical efficacy of MSCs as treatment for skeletal and non-skeletal tissues.
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Bellini E, Grieco MP, Raposio E. The science behind autologous fat grafting. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 24:65-73. [PMID: 29188051 PMCID: PMC5694962 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipose grafting has undergone significant changes over time. Many different techniques have been followed by trying to improve the quality of the lipoaspirate and the survival of the fat graft after implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The purpose of this review is to analyse the historical evolution of the surgical harvesting and implant technique, describing the changes that have brought significant improvements, revolutionizing the aesthetic and functional results obtainable. RESULTS A standard fat grafting technique is commonly performed in three stages: harvesting of adipose tissue from a suitable donor site; processing of the lipoaspirate to eliminate cellular debris, acellular oil and excess of infiltrated solution, reinjection of the purified adipose tissue. The most widely used surgical technique was described by Coleman. He modified and corrected the methods and results of his predecessors and proposed an atraumatic protocol for the treatment of adipose tissue.He reported that the key to successful fat grafting lies in the technique. In addition, he noticed that adipose tissue was not only a good filler, but improved the quality of the skin. In fact, fat grafts demonstrated to have not only dermal filler properties but also regenerative potential owing to the presence of stem cells in fat tissue. CONCLUSION Adipose tissue, actually, is the closest to the ideal filler because it is readily available; easily obtainable, with low donor-site morbidity; repeatable; inexpensive; versatile; and biocompatible. There is an abundance of literature supporting the efficacy of fat grafting in both aesthetic and reconstructive cases. Recent studies have shown the utility of adipose-derived stem cells in the improvement of wound healing, describing their ability to regenerate soft tissues and their remodelling capacity provided by their unique cytokine and growth factor profiles.Despite ongoing concerns about survival and longevity of fat grafts after implantation and unpredictability of long-term outcome, fat has been successfully used as a filler in many differ clinic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Section, University of Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mini-invasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele P. Grieco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Section, University of Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mini-invasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Edoardo Raposio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Section, University of Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mini-invasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
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84
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Leonard DA, Mallard C, Albritton A, Torabi R, Mastroianni M, Sachs DH, Kurtz JM, Cetrulo CL. Skin grafts from genetically modified α-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout miniature swine: A functional equivalent to allografts. Burns 2017; 43:1717-1724. [PMID: 28602591 PMCID: PMC5722691 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Burn is associated with a considerable burden of morbidity worldwide. Early excision of burned tissue and skin grafting of the resultant wound has been established as a mainstay of modern burn therapy. However, in large burns, donor sites for autologous skin may be limited. Numerous alternatives, from cadaver skin to synthetic substitutes have been described, each with varying benefits and limitations. We previously proposed the use of genetically modified (alpha-1,3-galactosyl transferase knockout, GalT-KO) porcine skin as a viable skin alternative. In contrast to wild type porcine skin, which has been used as a biologic dressing following glutaraldehyde fixation, GalT-KO porcine skin is a viable graft, which is not susceptible to loss by hyperacute rejection, and undergoes graft take and healing, prior to eventual rejection, comparable to cadaver allogeneic skin. In the current study we aimed to perform a detailed functional analysis of GalT-KO skin grafts in comparison to allogeneic grafts for temporary closure of full thickness wounds using our baboon dorsum wound model. Grafts were assessed by measurement of fluid loss, wound infection rate, and take, and healed appearance, of secondary autologous grafts following xenograft rejection. Comparison was also made between fresh and cryopreserved grafts. No statistically significant difference was identified between GalT-KO and allogeneic skin grafts in any of the assessed parameters, and graft take and function was not adversely effected by the freeze-thaw process. These data demonstrate that GalT-KO porcine grafts are functionally comparable to allogeneic skin grafts for temporary closure of full thickness wounds, and support their consideration as an alternative to cadaver allogeneic skin in the emergency management of large burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Leonard
- TBRC Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Canniesburn Plastic Surgery and Burns Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
| | - C Mallard
- TBRC Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - A Albritton
- TBRC Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - R Torabi
- TBRC Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - M Mastroianni
- TBRC Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - D H Sachs
- TBRC Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - J M Kurtz
- TBRC Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Biology, Emmanuel College, Boston, USA
| | - C L Cetrulo
- TBRC Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Simonacci F, Bertozzi N, Grieco MP, Grignaffini E, Raposio E. Procedure, applications, and outcomes of autologous fat grafting. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 20:49-60. [PMID: 28702187 PMCID: PMC5491488 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the procedure, applications, and outcomes of autologous fat grafting, a promising technique with various clinical applications. PATIENTS AND METHODS Literature review of publications concerning autologous fat grafting. RESULTS Since its introduction, lipofilling has become increasingly popular; however, its results are variable and unpredictable. Several modifications have been made to the procedures of fat harvesting, processing, and injecting. Surgical excision and low negative-pressure aspiration with large-bore cannulas minimize adipocyte damage during fat harvesting. The "wet" method of fat harvesting involves fluid injection at the donor site and facilitates lipoaspiration while minimizing pain and ecchymosis. For fat processing, centrifugation at a low speed is preferable to high-speed centrifugation, gravity separation or filtration. Fat injection at the recipient site should be performed using small-gauge cannulas in a fanning out pattern over multiple sessions, rather than a single session. Fat grafts exhibit not only dermal filler properties but also regenerative potential owing to the presence of stem cells in fat tissue. Thus, the clinical applications of autologous fat grafting include correction of secondary contour defects after breast reconstruction, release of painful scar contractures, and treatment of burn scars and radiodermatitis. Lipofilling is also used in aesthetic surgery, such as facial and hand rejuvenation, augmentation rhinoplasty, and breast and gluteal augmentation. The complications of lipofilling are minimal and include bruising, swelling, pain, infection, necrosis, and calcification. CONCLUSIONS Lipofilling is a low-risk procedure that can be used to correct soft-tissue defects in the face, trunk, and extremities, with minimal discomfort for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Simonacci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mininvasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicolò Bertozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mininvasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Pio Grieco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mininvasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Eugenio Grignaffini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mininvasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Edoardo Raposio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mininvasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
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87
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Pensalfini M, Ehret AE, Stüdeli S, Marino D, Kaech A, Reichmann E, Mazza E. Factors affecting the mechanical behavior of collagen hydrogels for skin tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 69:85-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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88
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Vig K, Chaudhari A, Tripathi S, Dixit S, Sahu R, Pillai S, Dennis VA, Singh SR. Advances in Skin Regeneration Using Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E789. [PMID: 28387714 PMCID: PMC5412373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineered skin substitutes for wound healing have evolved tremendously over the last couple of years. New advances have been made toward developing skin substitutes made up of artificial and natural materials. Engineered skin substitutes are developed from acellular materials or can be synthesized from autologous, allograft, xenogenic, or synthetic sources. Each of these engineered skin substitutes has their advantages and disadvantages. However, to this date, a complete functional skin substitute is not available, and research is continuing to develop a competent full thickness skin substitute product that can vascularize rapidly. There is also a need to redesign the currently available substitutes to make them user friendly, commercially affordable, and viable with longer shelf life. The present review focuses on providing an overview of advances in the field of tissue engineered skin substitute development, the availability of various types, and their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Vig
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Atul Chaudhari
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Shweta Tripathi
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Saurabh Dixit
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Rajnish Sahu
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Shreekumar Pillai
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Vida A Dennis
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Shree R Singh
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
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Borowczyk-Michalowska J, Zimolag E, Waligorska A, Dobrucki J, Madeja Z, Drukala J. Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 as a novel marker of ductal cells of human eccrine sweat glands. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:1541-1548. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Borowczyk-Michalowska
- Cell Bank; Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - E. Zimolag
- Cell Bank; Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - A. Waligorska
- Department of Cell Biophysics; Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - J. Dobrucki
- Department of Cell Biophysics; Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - Z. Madeja
- Cell Bank; Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - J. Drukala
- Cell Bank; Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
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90
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Debels H, Gerrand YW, Poon CJ, Abberton KM, Morrison WA, Mitchell GM. An adipogenic gel for surgical reconstruction of the subcutaneous fat layer in a rat model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 11:1230-1241. [PMID: 25950280 DOI: 10.1002/term.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
'Off-the-shelf' tissue-engineered skin alternatives for epidermal and dermal skin layers are available; however, no such alternative for the subdermal fat layer exists. Without this well-vascularized layer, skin graft take is variable and grafts may have reduced mobility, contracture and contour defects. In this study a novel adipose-derived acellular matrix (Adipogel) was investigated for its properties to generate subdermal fat in a rat model. In a dorsal thoracic site, a 1 × 1 cm Adipogel implant was inserted within a subdermal fat layer defect. In a dorsal lumbar site, an Adipogel implant was inserted in a subfascial pocket. Contralateral control defects remained empty. At 8 weeks wound/implant sites were evaluated histologically, immunohistochemically and morphometrically. Identifiable thoracic Adipogel implants lost volume in vivo over 8 weeks. Neovascularization and adipogenesis were evident within implants and adipocyte percentage volume was 33.07 ± 6.55% (mean ± SEM). A comparison of entire cross-sections of thoracic wounds demonstrated a significant increase in total wound fat in Adipogel-implanted wounds (37.19 ± 4.48%, mean ± SEM) compared to control (16.53 ± 4.60%; p = 0.0092), indicating that some Adipogel had been completely converted to normal fat. At the lumbar site, Adipogel also lost volume, appearing flattened, although fat generation and angiogenesis occurred. At both sites macrophage infiltration was mild, whilst many infiltrating cells were PDGFRβ-positive mesenchymal cells. Adipogel is adipogenic and angiogenic and is a promising candidate for subcutaneous fat regeneration; it has the potential to be a valuable adjunct to wound-healing therapy and reconstructive surgery practice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Debels
- O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Belgium
| | - Yi-Wen Gerrand
- O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Health Science Faculty, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
| | | | - Keren M Abberton
- O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Health Science Faculty, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wayne A Morrison
- O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Health Science Faculty, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Geraldine M Mitchell
- O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Health Science Faculty, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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91
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Skin Tissue Engineering: Application of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9747010. [PMID: 28337463 PMCID: PMC5350314 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Perception of the adipose tissue has changed dramatically over the last few decades. Identification of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) ultimately transformed paradigm of this tissue from a passive energy depot into a promising stem cell source with properties of self-renewal and multipotential differentiation. As compared to bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs), ASCs are more easily accessible and their isolation yields higher amount of stem cells. Therefore, the ASCs are of high interest for stem cell-based therapies and skin tissue engineering. Currently, freshly isolated stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which may be used directly without any expansion, was also assessed to be highly effective in treating skin radiation injuries, burns, or nonhealing wounds such as diabetic ulcers. In this paper, we review the characteristics of SVF and ASCs and the efficacy of their treatment for skin injuries and disorders.
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92
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Kirby GTS, Mills SJ, Vandenpoel L, Pinxteren J, Ting A, Short RD, Cowin AJ, Michelmore A, Smith LE. Development of Advanced Dressings for the Delivery of Progenitor Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:3445-3454. [PMID: 28068055 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Culture surfaces that substantially reduce the degree of cell manipulation in the delivery of cell sheets to patients are described. These surfaces support the attachment, culture, and delivery of multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC). It was essential that the processes of attachment/detachment to the surface did not affect cell phenotype nor the function of the cultured cells. Both acid-based and amine-based surface coatings were generated from acrylic acid, propanoic acid, diaminopropane, and heptylamine precursors, respectively. While both functional groups supported cell attachment/detachment, amine coated surfaces gave optimal performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that at a primary amine to carbon surface ratio of between 0.01 and 0.02, greater than 90% of attached cells were effectively transferred to a model wound bed. A dependence on primary amine concentration has not previously been reported. After 48 h of culture on the optimized amine surface, PCR, functional, and viability assays showed that MAPC retained their stem cell phenotype, full metabolic activity, and biological function. Consequently, in a proof of concept experiment, it was shown that this amine surface when coated onto a surgical dressing provides an effective and simple technology for the delivery of MAPC to murine dorsal excisional wounds, with MAPC delivery verified histologically. By optimizing for cell delivery using a combination of in vitro and in vivo techniques, we developed an effective surface for the delivery of MAPC in a clinically relevant format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles T S Kirby
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing , North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Stuart J Mills
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing , North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Liesbeth Vandenpoel
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing , North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- ReGenesys BVBA, Bio-Incubator Leuven , Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jef Pinxteren
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing , North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- ReGenesys BVBA, Bio-Incubator Leuven , Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Anthony Ting
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing , North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Athersys, Inc. , Cleveland, Ohio 44115-2634, United States
| | - Robert D Short
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing , North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing , North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Andrew Michelmore
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing , North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Louise E Smith
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing , North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
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Girard D, Laverdet B, Buhé V, Trouillas M, Ghazi K, Alexaline MM, Egles C, Misery L, Coulomb B, Lataillade JJ, Berthod F, Desmoulière A. Biotechnological Management of Skin Burn Injuries: Challenges and Perspectives in Wound Healing and Sensory Recovery. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:59-82. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Girard
- University of Limoges, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies (EA 6309), Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Limoges, France
| | - Betty Laverdet
- University of Limoges, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies (EA 6309), Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Limoges, France
| | - Virginie Buhé
- University of Western Brittany, Laboratory of Neurosciences of Brest (EA 4685), Brest, France
| | - Marina Trouillas
- Paris Sud University, Unité mixte Inserm/SSA 1197, IRBA/CTSA/HIA Percy, École du Val de Grâce, Clamart, France
| | - Kamélia Ghazi
- Sorbonne University, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS UMR 7338 Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Compiègne, France
| | - Maïa M. Alexaline
- Paris Sud University, Unité mixte Inserm/SSA 1197, IRBA/CTSA/HIA Percy, École du Val de Grâce, Clamart, France
| | - Christophe Egles
- Sorbonne University, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS UMR 7338 Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Compiègne, France
| | - Laurent Misery
- University of Western Brittany, Laboratory of Neurosciences of Brest (EA 4685), Brest, France
| | - Bernard Coulomb
- Paris Sud University, Unité mixte Inserm/SSA 1197, IRBA/CTSA/HIA Percy, École du Val de Grâce, Clamart, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- Paris Sud University, Unité mixte Inserm/SSA 1197, IRBA/CTSA/HIA Percy, École du Val de Grâce, Clamart, France
| | - François Berthod
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexis Desmoulière
- University of Limoges, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies (EA 6309), Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Limoges, France
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94
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Martin YH, Jubin K, Smalley S, Wong JPF, Brown RA, Metcalfe AD. A novel system for expansion and delivery of human keratinocytes for the treatment of severe cutaneous injuries using microcarriers and compressed collagen. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 11:3124-3133. [PMID: 28052577 DOI: 10.1002/term.2220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. H. Martin
- Blond McIndoe Research Foundation; Queen Victoria Hospital; East Grinstead West Sussex UK
- Brighton Centre for Regenerative Medicine; University of Brighton; Brighton East Sussex UK
| | - K. Jubin
- Blond McIndoe Research Foundation; Queen Victoria Hospital; East Grinstead West Sussex UK
| | - S. Smalley
- Blond McIndoe Research Foundation; Queen Victoria Hospital; East Grinstead West Sussex UK
| | - J. P. F. Wong
- UCL Tissue Repair and Engineering Centre; University College London; London UK
| | - R. A. Brown
- UCL Tissue Repair and Engineering Centre; University College London; London UK
| | - A. D. Metcalfe
- Blond McIndoe Research Foundation; Queen Victoria Hospital; East Grinstead West Sussex UK
- Brighton Centre for Regenerative Medicine; University of Brighton; Brighton East Sussex UK
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95
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Oryan A, Alemzadeh E, Moshiri A. Burn wound healing: present concepts, treatment strategies and future directions. J Wound Care 2017; 26:5-19. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2017.26.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Oryan
- Professor, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Iran
| | - E. Alemzadeh
- PhD student, Department of Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Iran
| | - A. Moshiri
- Assistant Professor, Division of Regenerative Pharmacology, RAZI Drug Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; and Division of Surgery and Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Iran
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96
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The Effect of Wound Dressings on a Bio-Engineered Human Dermo-Epidermal Skin Substitute in a Rat Model. J Burn Care Res 2017; 38:354-364. [DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0000000000000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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97
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Hellström M, Bandstein S, Brännström M. Uterine Tissue Engineering and the Future of Uterus Transplantation. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 45:1718-1730. [PMID: 27995397 PMCID: PMC5489617 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent successful births following live donor uterus transplantation are proof-of-concept that absolute uterine factor infertility is a treatable condition which affects several hundred thousand infertile women world-wide due to a dysfunctional uterus. This strategy also provides an alternative to gestational surrogate motherhood which is not practiced in most countries due to ethical, religious or legal reasons. The live donor surgery involved in uterus transplantation takes more than 10 h and is then followed by years of immunosuppressive medication to prevent uterine rejection. Immunosuppression is associated with significant adverse side effects, including nephrotoxicity, increased risk of serious infections, and diabetes. Thus, the development of alternative approaches to treat absolute uterine factor infertility would be desirable. This review discusses tissue engineering principles in general, but also details strategies on how to create a bioengineered uterus that could be used for transplantation, without risky donor surgery and any need for immunosuppression. We discuss scaffolds derived from decellularized organs/tissues which may be recellularized using various types of autologous somatic/stem cells, in particular for uterine tissue engineering. It further highlights the hurdles that lay ahead in developing an alternative to an allogeneic source for uterus transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Hellström
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,, Kvinnokliniken, Blå stråket 6, 413 45, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Sara Bandstein
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,, Kvinnokliniken, Blå stråket 6, 413 45, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mats Brännström
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,, Kvinnokliniken, Blå stråket 6, 413 45, Göteborg, Sweden
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98
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Cubo N, Garcia M, del Cañizo JF, Velasco D, Jorcano JL. 3D bioprinting of functional human skin: production and
in vivo
analysis. Biofabrication 2016; 9:015006. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/9/1/015006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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99
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Iacovides D, Rizki G, Lapathitis G, Strati K. Direct conversion of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into functional keratinocytes through transient expression of pluripotency-related genes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:98. [PMID: 27473056 PMCID: PMC4966867 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The insufficient ability of specialized cells such as neurons, cardiac myocytes, and epidermal cells to regenerate after tissue damage poses a great challenge to treat devastating injuries and ailments. Recent studies demonstrated that a diverse array of cell types can be directly derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), or somatic cells by combinations of specific factors. The use of iPSCs and direct somatic cell fate conversion, or transdifferentiation, holds great promise for regenerative medicine as these techniques may circumvent obstacles related to immunological rejection and ethical considerations. However, producing iPSC-derived keratinocytes requires a lengthy two-step process of initially generating iPSCs and subsequently differentiating into skin cells, thereby elevating the risk of cellular damage accumulation and tumor formation. In this study, we describe the reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into functional keratinocytes via the transient expression of pluripotency factors coupled with directed differentiation. The isolation of an iPSC intermediate is dispensable when using this method. Cells derived with this approach, termed induced keratinocytes (iKCs), morphologically resemble primary keratinocytes. Furthermore they express keratinocyte-specific markers, downregulate mesenchymal markers as well as the pluripotency factors Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4, and they show important functional characteristics of primary keratinocytes. iKCs can be further differentiated by high calcium administration in vitro and are capable of regenerating a fully stratified epidermis in vivo. Efficient conversion of somatic cells into keratinocytes could have important implications for studying genetic skin diseases and designing regenerative therapies to ameliorate devastating skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetris Iacovides
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Gizem Rizki
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Current address: Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Georgios Lapathitis
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Katerina Strati
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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100
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Gilmartin DJ, Soon A, Thrasivoulou C, Phillips ARJ, Jayasinghe SN, Becker DL. Sustained Release of Cx43 Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides from Coated Collagen Scaffolds Promotes Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1786-99. [PMID: 27253638 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting the mRNA of the gap junction protein Cx43 promote tissue repair in a variety of different wounds. Delivery of the antisense drug has most often been achieved by a thermoreversible hydrogel, Pluronic F-127, which is very effective in the short term but does not allow for sustained delivery over several days. For chronic wounds that take a long time to heal, repeated dosing with the drug may be desirable but is not always compatible with conventional treatments such as the weekly changing of compression bandages on venous leg ulcers. Here the coating of collagen scaffolds with antisense oligonucleotides is investigated and a way to provide protection of the oligodeoxynucleotide drug is found in conjunction with sustained release over a 7 d period. This approach significantly reduces the normal foreign body reaction to the scaffold, which induces an increase of Cx43 protein and an inhibition of healing. As a result of the antisense integration into the scaffold, inflammation is reduced with the rate of wound healing and contracture is significantly improved. This coated scaffold approach may be very useful for treating venous leg ulcers and also for providing a sustained release of any other types of oligonucleotide drugs that are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Gilmartin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University College London London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Allyson Soon
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University 11, Mandalay Road Singapore 308232
| | | | - Anthony R. J. Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences Department of Surgery University of Auckland New Zealand 1010
| | - Suwan N. Jayasinghe
- BioPhysics Group, Institute of Biomedical Engineering Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Mechanical Engineering University College London London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - David L. Becker
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University 11, Mandalay Road Singapore 308232
- Institute of Medical Biology A*STAR 8A‐ Biomedical grove, Biopolis Singapore 138648
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