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Zennifer A, Senthilvelan P, Sethuraman S, Sundaramurthi D. Key advances of carboxymethyl cellulose in tissue engineering & 3D bioprinting applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117561. [PMID: 33483063 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a water-soluble derivative of cellulose and a major type of cellulose ether prepared by the chemical attack of alkylating reagents on the activated non-crystalline regions of cellulose. It is the first FDA approved cellulose derivative which can be targeted for desired chemical modifications. In this review, the properties along with current advances in the physical and chemical modifications of CMC are discussed. Further, CMC and modified CMC could be engineered to fabricate scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. In recent times, CMC and its derivatives have been developed as smart bioinks for 3D bioprinting applications. From these perspectives, the applications of CMC in tissue engineering and current knowledge on peculiar features of CMC in 3D and 4D bioprinting applications are elaborated in detail. Lastly, future perspectives of CMC for wider applications in tissue engineering and 3D/4D bioprinting are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Zennifer
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Praseetha Senthilvelan
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Dhakshinamoorthy Sundaramurthi
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India.
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Abstract
Surgicel® (regenerated oxidized cellulose) is a bio-absorbable hemostatic material widely applied to prevent surgery-derived adhesions. Some critical issues have been reported associated with this biomaterial, which we aimed to overcome by producing bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) membranes with hemostatic activity, through electrochemical oxidation using the tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical. Samples were characterized by FTIR, NMR, SEM, XRD and their degree of polymerization. The oxidation degree was evaluated by titration of the carboxyl groups and the hemostatic behavior by whole-blood-clotting assays. In vitro and in vivo biodegradability of oxidized BNC membranes were evaluated and compared with that of Surgicel®. The oxidation degree increased from 4% to 7% and up to 15%, corresponding to an applied charge of 400, 700 and 1200 Coulombs, respectively. The oxidized BNC preserved the crystallinity and the 3D nano-fibrillar network, and demonstrated hemostatic activity, although not as effective as that of Surgicel®. In vivo assays demonstrated that the oxidized membranes did not induce an inflammatory response, revealing a good biocompatibility. However, non-degraded oxidized BNC was still detected at the implantation site after 56 days.
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53
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Farokhi M, Aleemardani M, Solouk A, Mirzadeh H, Teuschl AH, Redl H. Crosslinking strategies for silk fibroin hydrogels: promising biomedical materials. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:022004. [PMID: 33594992 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abb615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to their strong biomimetic potential, silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels are impressive candidates for tissue engineering, due to their tunable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, low immunotoxicity, controllable biodegradability, and a remarkable capacity for biomaterial modification and the realization of a specific molecular structure. The fundamental chemical and physical structure of SF allows its structure to be altered using various crosslinking strategies. The established crosslinking methods enable the formation of three-dimensional (3D) networks under physiological conditions. There are different chemical and physical crosslinking mechanisms available for the generation of SF hydrogels (SFHs). These methods, either chemical or physical, change the structure of SF and improve its mechanical stability, although each method has its advantages and disadvantages. While chemical crosslinking agents guarantee the mechanical strength of SFH through the generation of covalent bonds, they could cause some toxicity, and their usage is not compatible with a cell-friendly technology. On the other hand, physical crosslinking approaches have been implemented in the absence of chemical solvents by the induction of β-sheet conformation in the SF structure. Unfortunately, it is not easy to control the shape and properties of SFHs when using this method. The current review discusses the different crosslinking mechanisms of SFH in detail, in order to support the development of engineered SFHs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farokhi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran. Maryam Farokhi and Mina Aleemardani contributed equally
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Yao D, Li M, Wang T, Sun F, Su C, Shi T. Viscoelastic Silk Fibroin Hydrogels with Tunable Strength. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:636-647. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Yao
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiqi Li
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Su
- The Children’s Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052 Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingchun Shi
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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55
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Kuhnt T, Camarero-Espinosa S. Additive manufacturing of nanocellulose based scaffolds for tissue engineering: Beyond a reinforcement filler. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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56
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Huang L, Yuan W, Hong Y, Fan S, Yao X, Ren T, Song L, Yang G, Zhang Y. 3D printed hydrogels with oxidized cellulose nanofibers and silk fibroin for the proliferation of lung epithelial stem cells. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 28:241-257. [PMID: 33132545 PMCID: PMC7590576 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-020-03526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel biomaterial ink consisting of regenerated silk fibroin (SF) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (OBC) nanofibrils was developed for 3D printing lung tissue scaffold. Silk fibroin backbones were cross-linked using horseradish peroxide/H2O2 to form printed hydrogel scaffolds. OBC with a concentration of 7wt% increased the viscosity of inks during the printing process and further improved the shape fidelity of the scaffolds. Rheological measurements and image analyses were performed to evaluate inks printability and print shape fidelity. Three-dimensional construct with ten layers could be printed with ink of 1SF-2OBC (SF/OBC = 1/2, w/w). The composite hydrogel of 1SF-1OBC (SF/OBC = 1/1, w/w) printed at 25 °C exhibited a significantly improved compressive strength of 267 ± 13 kPa and a compressive stiffness of 325 ± 14 kPa at 30% strain, respectively. The optimized printing parameters for 1SF-1OBC were 0.3 bar of printing pressure, 45 mm/s of printing speed and 410 μm of nozzle diameter. Furthermore, OBC nanofibrils could be induced to align along the print lines over 60% degree of orientation, which were analyzed by SEM and X-ray diffraction. The orientation of OBC nanofibrils along print lines provided physical cues for guiding the orientation of lung epithelial stem cells, which maintained the ability to proliferate and kept epithelial phenotype after 7 days' culture. The 3D printed SF-OBC scaffolds are promising for applications in lung tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Urology, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Hong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Suna Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lujie Song
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Oriental Institute for Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gesheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 People’s Republic of China
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Askari M, Afzali Naniz M, Kouhi M, Saberi A, Zolfagharian A, Bodaghi M. Recent progress in extrusion 3D bioprinting of hydrogel biomaterials for tissue regeneration: a comprehensive review with focus on advanced fabrication techniques. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:535-573. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00973c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, 3D bioprinting has received immense attention from research communities to bridge the divergence between artificially engineered tissue constructs and native tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Askari
- Department of Engineering
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham NG11 8NS
- UK
| | - Moqaddaseh Afzali Naniz
- Department of Engineering
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham NG11 8NS
- UK
| | - Monireh Kouhi
- Biomaterials Research Group
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Iran
| | - Azadeh Saberi
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department
- Materials and Energy Research Center
- Tehran
- Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Bodaghi
- Department of Engineering
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham NG11 8NS
- UK
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58
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Shavandi A, Hosseini S, Okoro OV, Nie L, Eghbali Babadi F, Melchels F. 3D Bioprinting of Lignocellulosic Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001472. [PMID: 33103365 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The interest in bioprinting of sustainable biomaterials is rapidly growing, and lignocellulosic biomaterials have a unique role in this development. Lignocellulosic materials are biocompatible and possess tunable mechanical properties, and therefore promising for use in the field of 3D-printed biomaterials. This review aims to spotlight the recent progress on the application of different lignocellulosic materials (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) from various sources (wood, bacteria, and fungi) in different forms (including nanocrystals and nanofibers in 3D bioprinting). Their crystallinity, leading to water insolubility and the presence of suspended nanostructures, makes these polymers stand out among hydrogel-forming biomaterials. These unique structures give rise to favorable properties such as high ink viscosity and strength and toughness of the final hydrogel, even when used at low concentrations. In this review, the application of lignocellulosic polymers with other components in inks is reported for 3D bioprinting and identified supercritical CO2 as a potential sterilization method for 3D-printed cellulosic materials. This review also focuses on the areas of potential development by highlighting the opportunities and unmet challenges such as the need for standardization of the production, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of the cellulosic materials that underscore the direction of future research into the 3D biofabrication of cellulose-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Shavandi
- BioMatter–Biomass Transformation Lab (BTL), École Polytechnique de Bruxelles Université Libre de Bruxelles Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50‐CP 165/61 Brussels 1050 Belgium
| | - Soraya Hosseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chiayi 62102 Taiwan
| | - Oseweuba Valentine Okoro
- Department of Process Engineering Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
| | - Lei Nie
- College of Life Sciences Xinyang Normal University Xinyang 464000 China
| | - Farahnaz Eghbali Babadi
- Bio‐Circular‐Green‐economy Technology & Engineering Center BCGeTEC Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Phayathai Road Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Ferry Melchels
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
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59
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Ahmed W, Alnajjar F, Zaneldin E, Al-Marzouqi AH, Gochoo M, Khalid S. Implementing FDM 3D Printing Strategies Using Natural Fibers to Produce Biomass Composite. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4065. [PMID: 32933194 PMCID: PMC7560413 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current environmental concerns have led to a search of more environmentally friendly manufacturing methods; thus, natural fibers have gained attention in the 3D printing industry to be used as bio-filters along with thermoplastics. The utilization of natural fibers is very convenient as they are easily available, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and biodegradable. Using natural fibers rather than synthetic fibers in the production of the 3D printing filaments will reduce gas emissions associated with the production of the synthetic fibers that would add to the current pollution problem. As a matter of fact, natural fibers have a reinforcing effect on plastics. This review analyzes how the properties of the different polymers vary when natural fibers processed to produce filaments for 3D Printing are added. The results of using natural fibers for 3D Printing are presented in this study and appeared to be satisfactory, while a few studies have reported some issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Ahmed
- ERU and Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE
| | - Fady Alnajjar
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE; (F.A.); (M.G.); (S.K.)
- RIKEN, Center for Brain Science (CBS), Nagoya 463-0003, Japan
| | - Essam Zaneldin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE;
| | - Ali H. Al-Marzouqi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE;
| | - Munkhjargal Gochoo
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE; (F.A.); (M.G.); (S.K.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Sumayya Khalid
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE; (F.A.); (M.G.); (S.K.)
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60
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Heichel DL, Tumbic JA, Boch ME, Ma AWK, Burke KA. Silk fibroin reactive inks for 3D printing crypt-like structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:055037. [PMID: 32924975 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab99d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A reactive silk fibroin ink formulation designed for extrusion three-dimensional (3D) printing of protein-based hydrogels at room temperature is reported. This work is motivated by the need to produce protein hydrogels that can be printed into complex shapes with long-term stability using extrusion 3D printing at ambient temperature without the need for the addition of nanocomposites, synthetic polymers, or sacrifical templates. Silk fibroin from the Bombyx mori silkworm was purified and synthesized into reactive inks by enzyme-catalyzed dityrosine bond formation. Rheological and printing studies showed that tailoring the peroxide concentration in the reactive ink enables the silk to be extruded as a filament and printed into hydrogel constructs, supporting successive printed layers without flow of the construct or loss of desired geometry. To enable success of longer-term in vitro studies, 3D printed silk hydrogels were found to display excellent shape retention over time, as evidenced by no change in construct dimensions or topography when maintained for nine weeks in culture medium. Caco-2 (an intestinal epithelial cell line) attachment, proliferation, and tight junction formation on the printed constructs was not found to be affected by the geometry of the constructs tested. Intestinal myofibroblasts encapsulated within reactive silk inks were found to survive shearing during printing and proliferate within the hydrogel constructs. The work here thus provides a suitable route for extrusion 3D printing of protein hydrogel constructs that maintain their shape during printing and culture, and is expected to enable longer-term cellular studies of hydrogel constructs that require complex geometries and/or varying spatial distributions of cells on demand via digital printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Heichel
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America. These authors have contributed equally to this work
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61
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Torgbo S, Sukyai P. Biodegradation and thermal stability of bacterial cellulose as biomaterial: The relevance in biomedical applications. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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62
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Mohan D, Teong ZK, Bakir AN, Sajab MS, Kaco H. Extending Cellulose-Based Polymers Application in Additive Manufacturing Technology: A Review of Recent Approaches. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1876. [PMID: 32825377 PMCID: PMC7563372 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The materials for additive manufacturing (AM) technology have grown substantially over the last few years to fulfill industrial needs. Despite that, the use of bio-based composites for improved mechanical properties and biodegradation is still not fully explored. This limits the universal expansion of AM-fabricated products due to the incompatibility of the products made from petroleum-derived resources. The development of naturally-derived polymers for AM materials is promising with the increasing number of studies in recent years owing to their biodegradation and biocompatibility. Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer that possesses many favorable properties to be incorporated into AM materials, which have been continuously focused on in recent years. This critical review discusses the development of AM technologies and materials, cellulose-based polymers, cellulose-based three-dimensional (3D) printing filaments, liquid deposition modeling of cellulose, and four-dimensional (4D) printing of cellulose-based materials. Cellulose-based AM material applications and the limitations with future developments are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denesh Mohan
- Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (D.M.); (Z.K.T.); (A.N.B.)
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zee Khai Teong
- Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (D.M.); (Z.K.T.); (A.N.B.)
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Afifah Nabilah Bakir
- Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (D.M.); (Z.K.T.); (A.N.B.)
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shaiful Sajab
- Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (D.M.); (Z.K.T.); (A.N.B.)
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hatika Kaco
- Kolej GENIUS Insan, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia;
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63
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Meneguin AB, da Silva Barud H, Sábio RM, de Sousa PZ, Manieri KF, de Freitas LAP, Pacheco G, Alonso JD, Chorilli M. Spray-dried bacterial cellulose nanofibers: A new generation of pharmaceutical excipient intended for intestinal drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 249:116838. [PMID: 32933682 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Defibrillation of bacterial cellulose by ultra-refining was efficient to release nanofibers (BCNF) which were spray dried with the matrices formers mannitol (MN), maltodextrin or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. The best microsystem comprised the association of BCNF and MN, so the selected microparticles were loaded with diclofenac sodium or caffeine. Depending on the proportion of BCNF, the nanofibers collapse promoted by spray drying can occur onto surface or into microparticles core, leading to different release behaviors. Samples showed pH-dependent drug release, so the microsystem developed with the lowest BCNF concentration showed important trend to gastroresistance. Caffeine was spray dried as a free drug and for this reason it was devoid of any control over release rates. The set of results showed BCNF can be considered an interesting and potential pharmaceutical excipient for lipophilic drugs. Beyond that, BCNF association with MN can lead to novel enteric drug delivery systems based on natural polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Hernane da Silva Barud
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Biomaterials, University of Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14801-320, Brazil
| | - Rafael Miguel Sábio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Paula Zanin de Sousa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Karyn Fernanda Manieri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Pacheco
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Biomaterials, University of Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14801-320, Brazil
| | - Jovan Duran Alonso
- Analytical Chemistry Department, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14801-970, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
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Smandri A, Nordin A, Hwei NM, Chin KY, Abd Aziz I, Fauzi MB. Natural 3D-Printed Bioinks for Skin Regeneration and Wound Healing: A Systematic Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081782. [PMID: 32784960 PMCID: PMC7463743 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional bioprinting has rapidly paralleled many biomedical applications and assisted in advancing the printing of complex human organs for a better therapeutic practice. The objective of this systematic review is to highlight evidence from the existing studies and evaluate the effectiveness of using natural-based bioinks in skin regeneration and wound healing. A comprehensive search of all relevant original articles was performed based on prespecified eligibility criteria. The search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline Ovid, and ScienceDirect. Eighteen articles fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The animal studies included a total of 151 animals with wound defects. A variety of natural bioinks and skin living cells were implanted in vitro to give insight into the technique through different assessments and findings. Collagen and gelatin hydrogels were most commonly used as bioinks. The follow-up period ranged between one day and six weeks. The majority of animal studies reported that full wound closure was achieved after 2–4 weeks. The results of both in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal studies showed the positive impact of natural bioinks in promoting wound healing. Future research should be focused more on direct the bioprinting of skin wound treatments on animal models to open doors for human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Smandri
- Centre for Tissue Engineering Centre and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.S.); (N.M.H.)
| | - Abid Nordin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Ng Min Hwei
- Centre for Tissue Engineering Centre and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.S.); (N.M.H.)
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Izhar Abd Aziz
- 3D Gens Sdn Bhd, 18, Jalan Kerawang U8/108, Bukit Jelutong, Shah Alam 40150, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering Centre and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.S.); (N.M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-196-551-020
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65
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Cassimjee H, Kumar P, Choonara YE, Pillay V. Proteosaccharide combinations for tissue engineering applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 235:115932. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang X, Wang Q, Xu C. Nanocellulose-Based Inks for 3D Bioprinting: Key Aspects in Research Development and Challenging Perspectives in Applications-A Mini Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E40. [PMID: 32365578 PMCID: PMC7355978 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocelluloses have emerged as a catalogue of renewable nanomaterials for bioink formulation in service of 3D bioprinting, thanks to their structural similarity to extracellular matrices and excellent biocompatibility of supporting crucial cellular activities. From a material scientist's viewpoint, this mini-review presents the key research aspects of the development of the nanocellulose-based bioinks in 3D (bio)printing. The nanomaterial properties of various types of nanocelluloses, including bacterial nanocellulose, cellulose nanofibers, and cellulose nanocrystals, are reviewed with respect to their origins and preparation methods. Different cross-linking strategies to integrate into multicomponent nanocellulose-based bioinks are discussed in terms of regulating ink fidelity in direct ink writing as well as tuning the mechanical stiffness as a bioactive cue in the printed hydrogel construct. Furthermore, the impact of surface charge and functional groups on nanocellulose surface on the crucial cellular activities (e.g., cell survival, attachment, and proliferation) is discussed with the cell-matrix interactions in focus. Aiming at a sustainable and cost-effective alternative for end-users in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields, challenging aspects such as biodegradability and potential nanotoxicity of nanocelluloses call for more fundamental comprehension of the cell-matrix interactions and further validation in in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3-5, 20500 Turku, Finland; (Q.W.); (C.X.)
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Rincón-Iglesias M, Delgado A, Peřinka N, Lizundia E, Lanceros-Méndez S. Water-based 2D printing of magnetically active cellulose derivative nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 233:115855. [PMID: 32059906 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of magnetic materials typically involves expensive, non-scalable, time-consuming or toxic processes. Here we report a scalable, quick and environmentally-benign fabrication of magnetically active materials through screen printing using mechanically flexible paper having micron-sized pores as substrates. In comparison with traditional multicomponent inks, simple aqueous dispersions comprising solely water-soluble cellulose derivatives and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles are used. Depending on the cellulosic matrix used, inks with viscosities in the 500-2.500 mPa s range were obtained for shear rates of 20-100 s-1. Patterns with line widths from 183 to 642 μm with a maximum deviation of 9 % were fabricated. The largest magnetization saturation obtained of 0.024 emu (or 0.021 emu cm-2) for the hydroxypropyl cellulose-based ink demonstrates enough magnetization for applications in areas such as actuators and sensors. This work provides novel insights towards the processing of renewable, magnetically active and mechanically flexible materials with tailored geometries which use water as the sole solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Rincón-Iglesias
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Aitor Delgado
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Nikola Peřinka
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao 48013, Spain.
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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68
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Ji A, Zhang S, Bhagia S, Yoo CG, Ragauskas AJ. 3D printing of biomass-derived composites: application and characterization approaches. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21698-21723. [PMID: 35516598 PMCID: PMC9054612 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03620j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass-derived 3D printing has attracted interests because of its developing technology and availability with renewable materials as well as compatible characteristics for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry
- Syracuse
- USA
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | | | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry
- Syracuse
- USA
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
- Biosciences Division
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69
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Jiang JP, Liu XY, Zhao F, Zhu X, Li XY, Niu XG, Yao ZT, Dai C, Xu HY, Ma K, Chen XY, Zhang S. Three-dimensional bioprinting collagen/silk fibroin scaffold combined with neural stem cells promotes nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:959-968. [PMID: 31719263 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.268974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that bio-scaffolds have important value for promoting axonal regeneration of injured spinal cord. Indeed, cell transplantation and bio-scaffold implantation are considered to be effective methods for neural regeneration. This study was designed to fabricate a type of three-dimensional collagen/silk fibroin scaffold (3D-CF) with cavities that simulate the anatomy of normal spinal cord. This scaffold allows cell growth in vitro and in vivo. To observe the effects of combined transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and 3D-CF on the repair of spinal cord injury. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: sham (only laminectomy was performed), spinal cord injury (transection injury of T10 spinal cord without any transplantation), 3D-CF (3D scaffold was transplanted into the local injured cavity), and 3D-CF + NSCs (3D scaffold co-cultured with NSCs was transplanted into the local injured cavity. Neuroelectrophysiology, imaging, hematoxylin-eosin staining, argentaffin staining, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot assay were performed. Apart from the sham group, neurological scores were significantly higher in the 3D-CF + NSCs group compared with other groups. Moreover, latency of the 3D-CF + NSCs group was significantly reduced, while the amplitude was significantly increased in motor evoked potential tests. The results of magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging showed that both spinal cord continuity and the filling of injury cavity were the best in the 3D-CF + NSCs group. Moreover, regenerative axons were abundant and glial scarring was reduced in the 3D-CF + NSCs group compared with other groups. These results confirm that implantation of 3D-CF combined with NSCs can promote the repair of injured spinal cord. This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of People's Armed Police Force Medical Center in 2017 (approval No. 2017-0007.2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Peng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP) Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP) Medical Center; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP) Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang First Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP) Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue-Gang Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fourth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Zi-Tong Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP) Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP) Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui-You Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP) Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP) Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu-Yi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP) Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (PAP) Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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Bandyopadhyay A, Mandal BB. A three-dimensional printed silk-based biomimetic tri-layered meniscus for potential patient-specific implantation. Biofabrication 2019; 12:015003. [PMID: 31480031 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab40fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Employing tissue engineering principles aided by three-dimensional (3D) printing strategies to fabricate meniscus tissue constructs could help patients with meniscus injury regain mobility, improve pain management and reduce the risk of development of knee osteoarthritis. Here we report a 3D printed meniscus scaffold that biomimics the internal and bulk architecture of the menisci. A shear-thinning novel silk fibroin-gelatin-based bioink with high print fidelity was optimized for the fabrication of scaffolds to serve as potential meniscus implants. Physicochemical characterization of the fabricated scaffolds shows optimum swelling, degradation and mechanical properties. Further, the scaffolds were seeded with meniscus fibrochondrocytes to validate their bioactivity. Fibrochondrocytes seeded on the scaffolds maintained their phenotype and proliferation, and enhanced glycosaminoglycan and total collagen synthesis was observed. Gene expression profile, biochemical quantification and histological studies confirmed the ability of the scaffolds to form meniscus-like tissue constructs. The scaffolds were found to possess amenable immunocompatibility in vitro as well as in vivo. Due to their excellent biological and physicochemical characteristics, these 3D printed scaffolds may be fine-tuned into viable alternatives to the present clinical treatment approaches to meniscus repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Bandyopadhyay
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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Jahangirian H, Azizi S, Rafiee-Moghaddam R, Baratvand B, Webster TJ. Status of Plant Protein-Based Green Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine Applications. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E619. [PMID: 31627453 PMCID: PMC6843632 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, regenerative medicine has merited substantial attention from scientific and research communities. One of the essential requirements for this new strategy in medicine is the production of biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds with desirable geometric structures and mechanical properties. Despite such promise, it appears that regenerative medicine is the last field to embrace green, or environmentally-friendly, processes, as many traditional tissue engineering materials employ toxic solvents and polymers that are clearly not environmentally friendly. Scaffolds fabricated from plant proteins (for example, zein, soy protein, and wheat gluten), possess proper mechanical properties, remarkable biocompatibility and aqueous stability which make them appropriate green biomaterials for regenerative medicine applications. The use of plant-derived proteins in regenerative medicine has been especially inspired by green medicine, which is the use of environmentally friendly materials in medicine. In the current review paper, the literature is reviewed and summarized for the applicability of plant proteins as biopolymer materials for several green regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jahangirian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Susan Azizi
- Applied Science and Technology Education Center of Ahvaz Municipality, Ahvaz 617664343, Iran.
| | - Roshanak Rafiee-Moghaddam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Bahram Baratvand
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health and Sport, Mahsa University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarum Selangor 42610, Malaysia.
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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