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Bilak JM, Gulsin GS, McCann GP. Cardiovascular and systemic determinants of exercise capacity in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2021; 12:2042018820980235. [PMID: 33552463 PMCID: PMC7844448 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820980235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of heart failure (HF) is on the rise owing to an increasing incidence of lifestyle related diseases, predominantly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Diabetes is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and up to 75% of those with T2D develop HF in their lifetime. T2D leads to pathological alterations within the cardiovascular system, which can progress insidiously and asymptomatically in the absence of conventional risk factors. Reduced exercise tolerance is consistently reported, even in otherwise asymptomatic individuals with T2D, and is the first sign of a failing heart. Because aggressive modification of cardiovascular risk factors does not eliminate the risk of HF in T2D, it is likely that other factors play a role in the pathogenesis of HF. Early identification of individuals at risk of HF is advantageous, as it allows for modification of the reversible risk factors and early initiation of treatment with the aim of improving clinical outcomes. In this review, cardiac and extra-cardiac contributors to reduced exercise tolerance in people with T2D are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M. Bilak
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Gaurav S. Gulsin
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Gerry P. McCann
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester LE39QP, UK
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52
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Bucher K, Rodríguez-Bocanegra E, Dauletbekov D, Fischer MD. Immune responses to retinal gene therapy using adeno-associated viral vectors - Implications for treatment success and safety. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 83:100915. [PMID: 33069860 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) is the leading vector for gene therapy in the retina. As non-pathogenic, non-integrating, replication deficient vector, the recombinant virus efficiently transduces all key retinal cell populations. Successful testing of AAV vectors in clinical trials of inherited retinal diseases led to the recent approval of voretigene neparvovec (Luxturna) for the treatment of RPE65 mutation-associated retinal dystrophies. However, studies applying AAV-mediated retinal gene therapy independently reported intraocular inflammation and/or loss of efficacy after initial functional improvements. Both observations might be explained by targeted removal of transduced cells via anti-viral defence mechanisms. AAV has been shown to activate innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-9 resulting in the release of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. The vector can also induce capsid-specific and transgene-specific T cell responses and neutralizing anti-AAV antibodies which both limit the therapeutic effect. However, the target organ of retinal gene therapy, the eye, is known as an immune-privileged site. It is characterized by suppression of inflammation and promotion of immune tolerance which might prevent AAV-induced immune responses. This review evaluates AAV-related immune responses, toxicity and inflammation in studies of retinal gene therapy, identifies influencing variables of these responses and discusses potential strategies to modulate immune reactions to AAV vectors to increase the safety and efficacy of ocular gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Bucher
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Bocanegra
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniyar Dauletbekov
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Dominik Fischer
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Njegic A, Wilson C, Cartwright EJ. Targeting Ca 2 + Handling Proteins for the Treatment of Heart Failure and Arrhythmias. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1068. [PMID: 33013458 PMCID: PMC7498719 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the heart, such as heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias, are a growing socio-economic burden. Calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation is key hallmark of the failing myocardium and has long been touted as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the heart, Ca2+ is essential for maintaining normal cardiac function through the generation of the cardiac action potential and its involvement in excitation contraction coupling. As such, the proteins which regulate Ca2+ cycling and signaling play a vital role in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis. Changes to the expression levels and function of Ca2+-channels, pumps and associated intracellular handling proteins contribute to altered Ca2+ homeostasis in CVD. The remodeling of Ca2+-handling proteins therefore results in impaired Ca2+ cycling, Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and reduced Ca2+ clearance, all of which contributes to increased intracellular Ca2+. Currently, approved treatments for targeting Ca2+ handling dysfunction in CVD are focused on Ca2+ channel blockers. However, whilst Ca2+ channel blockers have been successful in the treatment of some arrhythmic disorders, they are not universally prescribed to heart failure patients owing to their ability to depress cardiac function. Despite the progress in CVD treatments, there remains a clear need for novel therapeutic approaches which are able to reverse pathophysiology associated with heart failure and arrhythmias. Given that heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias are closely associated with altered Ca2+ homeostasis, this review will address the molecular changes to proteins associated with both Ca2+-handling and -signaling; their potential as novel therapeutic targets will be discussed in the context of pre-clinical and, where available, clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Njegic
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Wilson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Cartwright
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Vakrou S, Nana MA, Nanas IA, Nana-Leventaki E, Bonios M, Kapelios C, Nanas J. Safety and efficacy of global intracoronary administration of cardiosphere-derived cells or conditioned medium immediately after coronary reperfusion in rats. Hellenic J Cardiol 2020; 61:256-261. [PMID: 30904729 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) have been shown to reduce infarct size after myocardial infarction (MI). In the present study we investigated the safety and efficacy of global intracoronary administration (GIA) of CDCs or CDC-conditioned medium (CM) immediately after reperfusion in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS CDCs were grown from myocardial biopsies obtained from male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Female WKY rats underwent MI for 45minutes, followed by reperfusion for 1hour. Infarcted rats were randomized to receive GIA of CDCs (CDC group), CM (CM group) or vehicle (control group) immediately after the onset of reperfusion. Cell retention was quantified by PCR for the male specific SRY gene; area at risk (AR) and no reflow area (NR) were measured by histopathology. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography at 1 and 2 months post-MI. RESULTS Cell retention at 1hour after GIA was 25.1% ±5.1. The myocardial AR and NR (measured at 1 hour post-reperfusion) were similar between groups [AR: 28.8% ±7.4 of LV mass in control vs 27.2% ±8 in CM vs 27% ±7 in CDCs group. NR: 7.0% ±3.3 in control vs 7.3% ±3.8 in CM vs 7.1% ±3.6 in CDCs]. One and 2 months post-MI, systolic function and LV volumes did not differ between control and CM groups. CONCLUSION Intracoronary administration of CDCs during the acute phase of MI, at the beginning of reperfusion, does not aggravate microvascular obstruction and results in high cell retention. Delivery of CM in the acute phase of MI did not confer long-term cardiac functional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Vakrou
- 3(rd) Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria A Nana
- 3(rd) Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Nanas
- 3(rd) Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmeleia Nana-Leventaki
- 3(rd) Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Bonios
- 3(rd) Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Chris Kapelios
- 3(rd) Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - John Nanas
- 3(rd) Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
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Oxidative Stress and New Pathogenetic Mechanisms in Endothelial Dysfunction: Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061995. [PMID: 32630452 PMCID: PMC7355625 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart and pathological circulatory conditions, are the world's leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Endothelial dysfunction involved in CVD pathogenesis is a trigger, or consequence, of oxidative stress and inflammation. Endothelial dysfunction is defined as a diminished production/availability of nitric oxide, with or without an imbalance between endothelium-derived contracting, and relaxing factors associated with a pro-inflammatory and prothrombotic status. Endothelial dysfunction-induced phenotypic changes include up-regulated expression of adhesion molecules and increased chemokine secretion, leukocyte adherence, cell permeability, low-density lipoprotein oxidation, platelet activation, and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Inflammation-induced oxidative stress results in an increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mainly derived from mitochondria. Excessive ROS production causes oxidation of macromolecules inducing cell apoptosis mediated by cytochrome-c release. Oxidation of mitochondrial cardiolipin loosens cytochrome-c binding, thus, favoring its cytosolic release and activation of the apoptotic cascade. Oxidative stress increases vascular permeability, promotes leukocyte adhesion, and induces alterations in endothelial signal transduction and redox-regulated transcription factors. Identification of new endothelial dysfunction-related oxidative stress markers represents a research goal for better prevention and therapy of CVD. New-generation therapeutic approaches based on carriers, gene therapy, cardiolipin stabilizer, and enzyme inhibitors have proved useful in clinical practice to counteract endothelial dysfunction. Experimental studies are in continuous development to discover new personalized treatments. Gene regulatory mechanisms, implicated in endothelial dysfunction, represent potential new targets for developing drugs able to prevent and counteract CVD-related endothelial dysfunction. Nevertheless, many challenges remain to overcome before these technologies and personalized therapeutic strategies can be used in CVD management.
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Aguayo-Ortiz R, Espinoza-Fonseca LM. Linking Biochemical and Structural States of SERCA: Achievements, Challenges, and New Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114146. [PMID: 32532023 PMCID: PMC7313052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), a member of the P-type ATPase family of ion and lipid pumps, is responsible for the active transport of Ca2+ from the cytoplasm into the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen of muscle cells, into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of non-muscle cells. X-ray crystallography has proven to be an invaluable tool in understanding the structural changes of SERCA, and more than 70 SERCA crystal structures representing major biochemical states (defined by bound ligand) have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank. Consequently, SERCA is one of the best characterized components of the calcium transport machinery in the cell. Emerging approaches in the field, including spectroscopy and molecular simulation, now help integrate and interpret this rich structural information to understand the conformational transitions of SERCA that occur during activation, inhibition, and regulation. In this review, we provide an overview of the crystal structures of SERCA, focusing on identifying metrics that facilitate structure-based categorization of major steps along the catalytic cycle. We examine the integration of crystallographic data with different biophysical approaches and computational methods to link biochemical and structural states of SERCA that are populated in the cell. Finally, we discuss the challenges and new opportunities in the field, including structural elucidation of functionally important and novel regulatory complexes of SERCA, understanding the structural basis of functional divergence among homologous SERCA regulators, and bridging the gap between basic and translational research directed toward therapeutic modulation of SERCA.
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Two-variable nullcline analysis of ionic general equilibrium predicts calcium homeostasis in ventricular myocytes. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007572. [PMID: 32502205 PMCID: PMC7316341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventricular contraction is roughly proportional to the amount of calcium released from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) during systole. While it is rather straightforward to measure calcium levels and contractibility under different physiological conditions, the complexity of calcium handling during systole and diastole has made the prediction of its release at steady state impossible. Here we approach the problem analyzing the evolution of intracellular and extracellular calcium fluxes during a single beat which is away from homeostatic balance. Using an in-silico subcellular model of rabbit ventricular myocyte, we show that the high dimensional nonlinear problem of finding the steady state can be reduced to a two-variable general equilibrium condition where pre-systolic calcium level in the cytosol and in the SR must fulfill simultaneously two different equalities. This renders calcium homeostasis as a problem that can be studied in terms of its equilibrium structure, leading to precise predictions of steady state from single-beat measurements. We show how changes in ion channels modify the general equilibrium, as shocks would do in general equilibrium macroeconomic models. This allows us to predict when an enhanced entrance of calcium in the cell reduces its contractibility and explain why SERCA gene therapy, a change in calcium handling to treat heart failure, might fail to improve contraction even when it successfully increases SERCA expression. Cardiomyocytes, upon voltage excitation, release calcium, which leads to cell contraction. However, under some pathological conditions, calcium handling is impaired. Recently, SERCA gene therapy, whose aim is to improve Ca2+ sequestration by the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR), has failed to improve the prognosis of patients with Heart Failure. This, together with recent counterintuitive results in calcium handling, has highlighted the need for a framework to understand calcium homeostasis across species and pathologies. We show here that the proper framework is a general equilibrium approach of two independent variables. The development of this framework allows us to find a possible mechanism for the failure of SERCA gene therapy even when it manages to increase Ca SERCA expression.
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Abstract
While clinical gene therapy celebrates its first successes, with several products already approved for clinical use and several hundreds in the final stages of the clinical approval pipeline, there is not a single gene therapy approach that has worked for the heart. Here, we review the past experience gained in the several cardiac gene therapy clinical trials that had the goal of inducing therapeutic angiogenesis in the ischemic heart and in the attempts at modulating cardiac function in heart failure. Critical assessment of the results so far achieved indicates that the efficiency of cardiac gene delivery remains a major hurdle preventing success but also that improvements need to be sought in establishing more reliable large animal models, choosing more effective therapeutic genes, better designing clinical trials, and more deeply understanding cardiac biology. We also emphasize a few areas of cardiac gene therapy development that hold great promise for the future. In particular, the transition from gene addition studies using protein-coding cDNAs to the modulation of gene expression using small RNA therapeutics and the improvement of precise gene editing now pave the way to applications such as cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction and gene correction for inherited cardiomyopathies that were unapproachable until a decade ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cannatà
- From the King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (A.C., H.A., M.G.).,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy (A.C., G.S., M.G.)
| | - Hashim Ali
- From the King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (A.C., H.A., M.G.).,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy (H.A., M.G.)
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy (A.C., G.S., M.G.)
| | - Mauro Giacca
- From the King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (A.C., H.A., M.G.).,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy (A.C., G.S., M.G.).,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy (H.A., M.G.)
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Gorski PA, Jang SP, Jeong D, Lee A, Lee P, Oh JG, Chepurko V, Yang DK, Kwak TH, Eom SH, Park ZY, Yoo YJ, Kim DH, Kook H, Sunagawa Y, Morimoto T, Hasegawa K, Sadoshima J, Vangheluwe P, Hajjar RJ, Park WJ, Kho C. Role of SIRT1 in Modulating Acetylation of the Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase in Heart Failure. Circ Res 2020; 124:e63-e80. [PMID: 30786847 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE SERCA2a, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, is a critical determinant of cardiac function. Reduced level and activity of SERCA2a are major features of heart failure. Accordingly, intensive efforts have been made to develop efficient modalities for SERCA2a activation. We showed that the activity of SERCA2a is enhanced by post-translational modification with SUMO1 (small ubiquitin-like modifier 1). However, the roles of other post-translational modifications on SERCA2a are still unknown. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aim to assess the role of lysine acetylation on SERCA2a function and determine whether inhibition of lysine acetylation can improve cardiac function in the setting of heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS The acetylation of SERCA2a was significantly increased in failing hearts of humans, mice, and pigs, which is associated with the reduced level of SIRT1 (sirtuin 1), a class III histone deacetylase. Downregulation of SIRT1 increased the SERCA2a acetylation, which in turn led to SERCA2a dysfunction and cardiac defects at baseline. In contrast, pharmacological activation of SIRT1 reduced the SERCA2a acetylation, which was accompanied by recovery of SERCA2a function and cardiac defects in failing hearts. Lysine 492 (K492) was of critical importance for the regulation of SERCA2a activity via acetylation. Acetylation at K492 significantly reduced the SERCA2a activity, presumably through interfering with the binding of ATP to SERCA2a. In failing hearts, acetylation at K492 appeared to be mediated by p300 (histone acetyltransferase p300), a histone acetyltransferase. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that acetylation/deacetylation at K492, which is regulated by SIRT1 and p300, is critical for the regulation of SERCA2a activity in hearts. Pharmacological activation of SIRT1 can restore SERCA2a activity through deacetylation at K492. These findings might provide a novel strategy for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemek A Gorski
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.A.G., D.J., A.L., P.L., J.G.O., V.C., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Seung Pil Jang
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (S.P.J., D.K.Y., S.H.E., Z.-Y.P., Y.J.Y., D.H.K., W.J.P.)
| | - Dongtak Jeong
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.A.G., D.J., A.L., P.L., J.G.O., V.C., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Ahyoung Lee
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.A.G., D.J., A.L., P.L., J.G.O., V.C., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Philyoung Lee
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.A.G., D.J., A.L., P.L., J.G.O., V.C., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Jae Gyun Oh
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.A.G., D.J., A.L., P.L., J.G.O., V.C., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Vadim Chepurko
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.A.G., D.J., A.L., P.L., J.G.O., V.C., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Dong Kwon Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (S.P.J., D.K.Y., S.H.E., Z.-Y.P., Y.J.Y., D.H.K., W.J.P.)
| | | | - Soo Hyun Eom
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (S.P.J., D.K.Y., S.H.E., Z.-Y.P., Y.J.Y., D.H.K., W.J.P.)
| | - Zee-Yong Park
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (S.P.J., D.K.Y., S.H.E., Z.-Y.P., Y.J.Y., D.H.K., W.J.P.)
| | - Yung Joon Yoo
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (S.P.J., D.K.Y., S.H.E., Z.-Y.P., Y.J.Y., D.H.K., W.J.P.)
| | - Do Han Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (S.P.J., D.K.Y., S.H.E., Z.-Y.P., Y.J.Y., D.H.K., W.J.P.)
| | - Hyun Kook
- Basic Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea (H.K.)
| | - Yoichi Sunagawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan (Y.S., T.M.)
| | - Tatsuya Morimoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan (Y.S., T.M.)
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.)
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (J.S.)
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.A.G., D.J., A.L., P.L., J.G.O., V.C., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Woo Jin Park
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (S.P.J., D.K.Y., S.H.E., Z.-Y.P., Y.J.Y., D.H.K., W.J.P.)
| | - Changwon Kho
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (P.A.G., D.J., A.L., P.L., J.G.O., V.C., R.J.H., C.K.)
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Nyns ECA, Poelma RH, Volkers L, Plomp JJ, Bart CI, Kip AM, van Brakel TJ, Zeppenfeld K, Schalij MJ, Zhang GQ, de Vries AAF, Pijnappels DA. An automated hybrid bioelectronic system for autogenous restoration of sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/481/eaau6447. [PMID: 30814339 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau6447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Because of suboptimal therapeutic strategies, restoration of sinus rhythm in symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) often requires in-hospital delivery of high-voltage shocks, thereby precluding ambulatory AF termination. Continuous, rapid restoration of sinus rhythm is desired given the recurring and progressive nature of AF. Here, we present an automated hybrid bioelectronic system for shock-free termination of AF that enables the heart to act as an electric current generator for autogenous restoration of sinus rhythm. We show that local, right atrial delivery of adenoassociated virus vectors encoding a light-gated depolarizing ion channel results in efficient and spatially confined transgene expression. Activation of an implanted intrathoracic light-emitting diode device allows for termination of AF by illuminating part of the atria. Combining this newly obtained antiarrhythmic effector function of the heart with the arrhythmia detector function of a machine-based cardiac rhythm monitor in the closed chest of adult rats allowed automated and rapid arrhythmia detection and termination in a safe, effective, repetitive, yet shock-free manner. These findings hold translational potential for the development of shock-free antiarrhythmic device therapy for ambulatory treatment of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile C A Nyns
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - René H Poelma
- Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Linda Volkers
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jaap J Plomp
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cindy I Bart
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M Kip
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas J van Brakel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Katja Zeppenfeld
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin J Schalij
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Guo Qi Zhang
- Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Antoine A F de Vries
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Daniël A Pijnappels
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands.
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Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Zhang F, Zhang X, Zhu L, Yao X. Dissection of mechanisms of Chinese medicinal formula Si-Miao-Yong-an decoction protects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in isoprenaline-induced heart failure. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112050. [PMID: 31265887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction (SMYAD) is a traditional Chinese herbal formulation. SMYAD first appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty according to the "Shen Yi Mi Zhuan". Then the formula was recorded in the "Yan Fang Xin Bian" edited by medical scientist Bao Xiangao in the Qing Dynasty. This well-known prescription has been traditionally used for gangrene and vascular vasculitis. It is mainly used for cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in current clinical applications and research. AIM OF STUDY In this study, the potential mechanisms of SMYAD against cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline induced heart failure model were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The heart failure animal model was established via injected isoprenaline in rats. Echocardiography was used to detect the structure and function of the heart. HE staining and Masson's trichrome staining was performed to assess myocardial tissue morphology. The serum biochemical indexes were detected by dedicated biochemical kit. BNP was tested by ELISA kit. The levels of mRNA were detected by RT-qPCR. Cardiomyocyte morphology was assessed by immunofluorescence. Phosphorylated and total p38, Akt were analyzed by Western blot. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was tested by CM-H2DCFDA probe. Formula identification of chemical constituents of SMYAD in plasma was disclosed through ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS). RESULTS SMYAD was able to improve the heart function in ISO induced heart failure rat model via protecting rat from developing cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. SMYAD also decreased plasma expression of these biochemical indexes. It was found that SMYAD could regulate cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis makers' mRNA levels in vitro and vivo. In addition, SMYAD inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 and Akt, which are key mediators in the pathological process of ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. It also showed that the components of SMYAD in rat plasma exerted myocardial cell protective activity. CONCLUSION In summary, SMYAD may comprise more than one active ingredient to the pursuit of combination therapies instead of specifically target a single disease-causing molecule. These experimental results suggest that SMYAD may be a potential drug candidate in diseases of cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis caused by β-adrenoceptor abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yingnan Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yanmei Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832003, China.
| | - Fengxiang Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Lingjuan Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Wasala NB, Yue Y, Lostal W, Wasala LP, Niranjan N, Hajjar RJ, Babu GJ, Duan D. Single SERCA2a Therapy Ameliorated Dilated Cardiomyopathy for 18 Months in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Mol Ther 2020; 28:845-854. [PMID: 31981493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of dystrophin leads to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). A pathogenic feature of DMD is the significant elevation of cytosolic calcium. Supraphysiological calcium triggers protein degradation, membrane damage, and eventually muscle death and dysfunction. Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium ATPase (SERCA) is a calcium pump that transports cytosolic calcium to the SR during excitation-contraction coupling. We hypothesize that a single systemic delivery of SERCA2a with adeno-associated virus (AAV) may improve calcium recycling and provide long-lasting benefits in DMD. To test this, we injected an AAV9 human SERCA2a vector (6 × 1012 viral genome particles/mouse) intravenously to 3-month-old mdx mice, the most commonly used DMD model. Immunostaining and western blot showed robust human SERCA2a expression in the heart and skeletal muscle for 18 months. Concomitantly, SR calcium uptake was significantly improved in these tissues. SERCA2a therapy significantly enhanced grip force and treadmill performance, completely prevented myocardial fibrosis, and normalized electrocardiograms (ECGs). Cardiac catheterization showed normalization of multiple systolic and diastolic hemodynamic parameters in treated mice. Importantly, chamber dilation was completely prevented, and ejection fraction was restored to the wild-type level. Our results suggest that a single systemic AAV9 SERCA2a therapy has the potential to provide long-lasting benefits for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalinda B Wasala
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yongping Yue
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - William Lostal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Lakmini P Wasala
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Nandita Niranjan
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | | | - Gopal J Babu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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63
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Bistola V, Arfaras-Melainis A, Polyzogopoulou E, Ikonomidis I, Parissis J. Inotropes in Acute Heart Failure: From Guidelines to Practical Use: Therapeutic Options and Clinical Practice. Card Fail Rev 2019; 5:133-139. [PMID: 31768269 PMCID: PMC6848944 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2019.11.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inotropes are pharmacological agents that are indicated for the treatment of patients presenting with acute heart failure (AHF) with concomitant hypoperfusion due to decreased cardiac output. They are usually administered for a short period during the initial management of AHF until haemodynamic stabilisation and restoration of peripheral perfusion occur. They can be used for longer periods to support patients as a bridge to a more definite treatment, such as transplant of left ventricular assist devices, or as part of a palliative care regimen. The currently available inotropic agents in clinical practice fall into three main categories: beta-agonists, phosphodiesterase III inhibitors and calcium sensitisers. However, due to the well-documented potential for adverse events and their association with increased long-term mortality, physicians should be aware of the indications and dosing strategies suitable for different types of patients. Novel inotropes that use alternative intracellular pathways are under investigation, in an effort to minimise the drawbacks that conventional inotropes exhibit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Bistola
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Arfaras-Melainis
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Eftihia Polyzogopoulou
- Emergency Medicine Department, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - John Parissis
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
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Oh JG, Watanabe S, Lee A, Gorski PA, Lee P, Jeong D, Liang L, Liang Y, Baccarini A, Sahoo S, Brown BD, Hajjar RJ, Kho C. miR-146a Suppresses SUMO1 Expression and Induces Cardiac Dysfunction in Maladaptive Hypertrophy. Circ Res 2019; 123:673-685. [PMID: 30355233 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Abnormal SUMOylation has emerged as a characteristic of heart failure (HF) pathology. Previously, we found reduced SUMO1 (small ubiquitin-like modifier 1) expression and SERCA2a (sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase) SUMOylation in human and animal HF models. SUMO1 gene delivery or small molecule activation of SUMOylation restored SERCA2a SUMOylation and cardiac function in HF models. Despite the critical role of SUMO1 in HF, the regulatory mechanisms underlying SUMO1 expression are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine miR-146a-mediated SUMO1 regulation and its consequent effects on cardiac morphology and function. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, miR-146a was identified as a SUMO1-targeting microRNA in the heart. A strong correlation was observed between miR-146a and SUMO1 expression in failing mouse and human hearts. miR-146a was manipulated in cardiomyocytes through AAV9 (adeno-associated virus serotype 9)-mediated gene delivery, and cardiac morphology and function were analyzed by echocardiography and hemodynamics. Overexpression of miR-146a reduced SUMO1 expression, SERCA2a SUMOylation, and cardiac contractility in vitro and in vivo. The effects of miR-146a inhibition on HF pathophysiology were examined by transducing a tough decoy of miR-146a into mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction. miR-146a inhibition improved cardiac contractile function and normalized SUMO1 expression. The regulatory mechanisms of miR-146a upregulation were elucidated by examining the major miR-146a-producing cell types and transfer mechanisms. Notably, transdifferentiation of fibroblasts triggered miR-146a overexpression and secretion through extracellular vesicles, and the extracellular vesicle-associated miR-146a transfer was identified as the causative mechanism of miR-146a upregulation in failing cardiomyocytes. Finally, extracellular vesicles isolated from failing hearts were shown to contain high levels of miR-146a and exerted negative effects on the SUMO1/SERCA2a signaling axis and hence cardiomyocyte contractility. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results show that miR-146a is a novel regulator of the SUMOylation machinery in the heart, which can be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gyun Oh
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Shin Watanabe
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Ahyoung Lee
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Przemek A Gorski
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Philyoung Lee
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Dongtak Jeong
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Lifan Liang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Yaxuan Liang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Alessia Baccarini
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences (A.B., B.D.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Brian D Brown
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences (A.B., B.D.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
| | - Changwon Kho
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center (J.G.O., S.W., A.L., P.A.G., P.L., D.J., L.L., Y.L., S.S., R.J.H., C.K.)
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Abstract
In the past 10 years, there has been tremendous progress made in the field of gene therapy. Effective treatments of Leber congenital amaurosis, hemophilia, and spinal muscular atrophy have been largely based on the efficiency and safety of adeno-associated vectors. Myocardial gene therapy has been tested in patients with heart failure using adeno-associated vectors with no safety concerns but lacking clinical improvements. Cardiac gene therapy is adapting to the new developments in vectors, delivery systems, targets, and clinical end points and is poised for success in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotake Ishikawa
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Thomas Weber
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Circulating Sphingosine-1-Phosphate as A Non-Invasive Biomarker of Heart Transplant Rejection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13880. [PMID: 31554869 PMCID: PMC6761203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has confirmed that the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) is downregulated in heart failure and cardiac allograft rejection. Although many SERCA2a-related genes and proteins involved in the regulation of myocardial Ca2+ fluxes have been explored, its related metabolites remain poorly studied. Our main objective was to identify circulating SERCA2a-related metabolites altered in cardiac allograft rejection and to determine whether these could serve as non-invasive biomarkers. Sixty plasma samples from adult heart transplant were included in a metabolomic analysis. Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P), metabolite closely related with SERCA, were increased in patients with cardiac rejection (p < 0.0001). S1P discriminated between patients with and without rejection: normal grafts vs. all rejecting grafts (AUC = 0.911, p < 0.0001), normal grafts vs. Grade 1 R (AUC = 0.819, p < 0.01), Grade 2 R (AUC = 0.911, p < 0.0001), Grade 3 R (AUC = 0.996, p < 0.0001). In addition, we found changes in key enzymes and receptors of S1P pathway analysed on explanted hearts from heart failure patients. This preliminary study reveals that circulating S1P determination could be a novel approach to detect cardiac rejection, showing a robust capability for detection that improves gradually with the severity of rejection. These alterations could be relevant to better understand the involvement of calcium regulation on the pathophysiology of rejection.
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67
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Optogenetics in Brain Research: From a Strategy to Investigate Physiological Function to a Therapeutic Tool. PHOTONICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics6030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dissecting the functional roles of neuronal circuits and their interaction is a crucial step in basic neuroscience and in all the biomedical field. Optogenetics is well-suited to this purpose since it allows us to study the functionality of neuronal networks on multiple scales in living organisms. This tool was recently used in a plethora of studies to investigate physiological neuronal circuit function in addition to dysfunctional or pathological conditions. Moreover, optogenetics is emerging as a crucial technique to develop new rehabilitative and therapeutic strategies for many neurodegenerative diseases in pre-clinical models. In this review, we discuss recent applications of optogenetics, starting from fundamental research to pre-clinical applications. Firstly, we described the fundamental components of optogenetics, from light-activated proteins to light delivery systems. Secondly, we showed its applications to study neuronal circuits in physiological or pathological conditions at the cortical and subcortical level, in vivo. Furthermore, the interesting findings achieved using optogenetics as a therapeutic and rehabilitative tool highlighted the potential of this technique for understanding and treating neurological diseases in pre-clinical models. Finally, we showed encouraging results recently obtained by applying optogenetics in human neuronal cells in-vitro.
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68
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Wang F, Qin Z, Lu H, He S, Luo J, Jin C, Song X. Clinical translation of gene medicine. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3108. [PMID: 31246328 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has recently witnessed accelerated progress as a new therapeutic strategy with the potential to treat a range of inherited and acquired diseases. Billions of dollars have been invested in basic and clinical research on gene medicine, with ongoing clinical trials focused on cancer, monogenic diseases, cardiovascular diseases and other refractory diseases. Advances addressing the inherent challenges of gene therapy, particularly those related to retaining the delivery efficacy and minimizing unwanted immune responses, provide the basis for the widespread clinical application of gene medicine. Several types of genes delivered by viral or non-viral delivery vectors have demonstrated encouraging results in both animals and humans. As augmented by clinical indications, gene medicine techniques have rapidly become a promising alternative to conventional therapeutic strategies because of their better clinical benefit and lower toxicities. Their application in the clinic has been extensive as a result of the approval of many gene therapy drugs in recent years. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical translation of gene medicine, focusing on the key events and latest progress made regarding clinical gene therapy products. We also discuss the gene types and non-viral materials with respect to developing gene therapeutics in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hansi Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyan He
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaohui Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Santer L, Bär C, Thum T. Circular RNAs: A Novel Class of Functional RNA Molecules with a Therapeutic Perspective. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1350-1363. [PMID: 31324392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subclass of non-coding RNAs that lack free 3' and 5' ends and, thus, exist as continuous loop RNAs. Such circular transcripts have been identified for thousands of genes, are regulated in developmental stages and pathophysiological conditions, and are often expressed in a tissue- or cell-type-specific manner. For a long time, circular transcripts were considered as aberrant splicing by-products. However, high-throughput transcriptome sequencing and focused molecular characterization of individual circRNAs uncovered their ubiquity. Evidence emerges suggesting circRNAs are functional molecules. In this review, we illustrate the current knowledge of circRNA formation and circRNA detection methods. We summarize different molecular mechanisms of action and highlight circRNAs with specific roles in cardiovascular disease. Finally, we describe a number of tools for circRNA manipulation, which may be exploited for circRNA-based therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Santer
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Bär
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Reddy YNV, Borlaug BA, O’Connor CM, Gersh BJ. Novel approaches to the management of chronic systolic heart failure: future directions and unanswered questions. Eur Heart J 2019; 41:1764-1774. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Despite improvements in outcomes in the last few decades for heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), there still remains a need for novel therapies as many patients incompletely recover with existing therapies and progress to advanced HF. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the management of HFrEF with a focus on upcoming therapies that hold the greatest promise for clinical use. We will discuss novel pharmacological therapies and areas of uncertainty with existing therapies. We will also discuss the potential utility and controversy surrounding novel interventions for HF such as percutaneous mitral valve repair, atrial fibrillation ablation, and other emerging interventions with positive signals for benefit in HFrEF. Finally, we will summarize the current state of stem cell and gene therapy for HFrEF and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh N V Reddy
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First Street SW, MN 55906, USA
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First Street SW, MN 55906, USA
| | | | - Bernard J Gersh
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First Street SW, MN 55906, USA
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Ahern BM, Levitan BM, Veeranki S, Shah M, Ali N, Sebastian A, Su W, Gong MC, Li J, Stelzer JE, Andres DA, Satin J. Myocardial-restricted ablation of the GTPase RAD results in a pro-adaptive heart response in mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10913-10927. [PMID: 31147441 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing therapies to improve heart function target β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling and Ca2+ handling and often lead to adverse outcomes. This underscores an unmet need for positive inotropes that improve heart function without any adverse effects. The GTPase Ras associated with diabetes (RAD) regulates L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) current (ICa,L). Global RAD-knockout mice (gRAD-/-) have elevated Ca2+ handling and increased cardiac hypertrophy, but RAD is expressed also in noncardiac tissues, suggesting the possibility that pathological remodeling is due also to noncardiac effects. Here, we engineered a myocardial-restricted inducible RAD-knockout mouse (RADΔ/Δ). Using an array of methods and techniques, including single-cell electrophysiological and calcium transient recordings, echocardiography, and radiotelemetry monitoring, we found that RAD deficiency results in a sustained increase of inotropy without structural or functional remodeling of the heart. ICa,L was significantly increased, with RAD loss conferring a β-AR-modulated phenotype on basal ICa,L Cardiomyocytes from RADΔ/Δ hearts exhibited enhanced cytosolic Ca2+ handling, increased contractile function, elevated sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2a) expression, and faster lusitropy. These results argue that myocardial RAD ablation promotes a beneficial elevation in Ca2+ dynamics, which would obviate a need for increased β-AR signaling to improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryana M Levitan
- Department of Physiology,; Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, and
| | - Sudhakar Veeranki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536 and
| | | | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536 and
| | | | | | | | - Jiayang Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Julian E Stelzer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Douglas A Andres
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536 and.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M. Kieserman
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Valerie D. Myers
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Praveen Dubey
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Joseph Y. Cheung
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Arthur M. Feldman
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
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73
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Li P, Boenzli E, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Helfer-Hungerbuehler AK. Pre-existing antibodies to candidate gene therapy vectors (adeno-associated vector serotypes) in domestic cats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212811. [PMID: 30897117 PMCID: PMC6428272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors represent promising candidates for gene therapy; however, pre-existing neutralizing antibodies (NAb) may reduce AAV vector delivery efficiency. In this study, the presence of AAV NAb was investigated in cats, which serve as a larger and outbred animal model for the prediction of gene therapy outcomes in humans but also in cats.Serum/plasma samples from 230 client-owned Swiss cats and 20 specified pathogen-free cats were investigated for NAb to AAV1, AAV2, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8 and AAV9 using in vitro transduction inhibition and a beta-galactosidase assay. NAb to all tested AAV serotypes were found. Of the client-owned cats, 53% had NAb to one or more of the AAV serotypes. NAb (≥1:10) were found at frequencies of 5% (AAV6) to 28% (AAV7). The highest titers were found against AAV7 (≥1:160). The NAb prevalence to AAV2, AAV7 and AAV9 differed geographically. Regarding titers ≥1:10 against single AAV serotypes, age, breed and sex of the cats were not associated with the NAb prevalence. Cats with titers ≥1:20 against AAV2 and titers ≥1:40 against AAV7 were significantly younger than cats with low/no titers, and purebred cats were significantly more likely than non-purebred cats to have NAb to AAV2 (≥1:40). Additionally, regarding NAb to all AAV combined, female cats were significantly more likely than male cats to have NAb titers ≥1:40. Preliminary data using AAV-DJ indicated that less pre-existing NAb to the hybrid AAV-DJ can be expected compared to the wild-type AAV serotypes. AAV NAb will need to be taken into account for future in vivo gene therapy studies in cats.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification
- Cat Diseases/genetics
- Cat Diseases/therapy
- Cats
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dependovirus/genetics
- Dependovirus/immunology
- Female
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/therapy
- Genetic Therapy/adverse effects
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Genetic Vectors/immunology
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Male
- Models, Animal
- Serogroup
- Sex Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Clinical Laboratory and Center for Clinical Studies, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Boenzli
- Clinical Laboratory and Center for Clinical Studies, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory and Center for Clinical Studies, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. Katrin Helfer-Hungerbuehler
- Clinical Laboratory and Center for Clinical Studies, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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74
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Lehman SJ, Tal-Grinspan L, Lynn ML, Strom J, Benitez GE, Anderson ME, Tardiff JC. Chronic Calmodulin-Kinase II Activation Drives Disease Progression in Mutation-Specific Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2019; 139:1517-1529. [PMID: 30586744 PMCID: PMC6461395 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.034549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the genetic causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are widely recognized, considerable lag in the development of targeted therapeutics has limited interventions to symptom palliation. This is in part attributable to an incomplete understanding of how point mutations trigger pathogenic remodeling. As a further complication, similar mutations within sarcomeric genes can result in differential disease severity, highlighting the need to understand the mechanism of progression at the molecular level. One pathway commonly linked to HCM progression is calcium homeostasis dysregulation, though how specific mutations disrupt calcium homeostasis remains unclear. METHODS To evaluate the effects of early intervention in calcium homeostasis, we used 2 mouse models of sarcomeric HCM (cardiac troponin T R92L and R92W) with differential myocellular calcium dysregulation and disease presentation. Two modes of intervention were tested: inhibition of the autoactivated calcium-dependent kinase (calmodulin kinase II [CaMKII]) via the AC3I peptide and diltiazem, an L-type calcium channel antagonist. Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to determine cardiac function and left ventricular remodeling, and atrial remodeling was monitored via atrial mass. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase activity was measured as an index of myocellular calcium handling and coupled to its regulation via the phosphorylation status of phospholamban. RESULTS We measured an increase in phosphorylation of CaMKII in R92W animals by 6 months of age, indicating increased autonomous activity of the kinase in these animals. Inhibition of CaMKII led to recovery of diastolic function and partially blunted atrial remodeling in R92W mice. This improved function was coupled to increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase activity in the R92W animals despite reduction of CaMKII activation, likely indicating improvement in myocellular calcium handling. In contrast, inhibition of CaMKII in R92L animals led to worsened myocellular calcium handling, remodeling, and function. Diltiazem-HCl arrested diastolic dysfunction progression in R92W animals only, with no improvement in cardiac remodeling in either genotype. CONCLUSIONS We propose a highly specific, mutation-dependent role of activated CaMKII in HCM progression and a precise therapeutic target for clinical management of HCM in selected cohorts. Moreover, the mutation-specific response elicited with diltiazem highlights the necessity to understand mutation-dependent progression at a molecular level to precisely intervene in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Lehman
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
| | - Lauren Tal-Grinspan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Melissa L. Lynn
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85724, USA
| | - Joshua Strom
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
| | - Grace E. Benitez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85724, USA
| | - Mark E. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Jil C. Tardiff
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85724, USA
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75
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Ashammakhi N, Ahadian S, Darabi MA, El Tahchi M, Lee J, Suthiwanich K, Sheikhi A, Dokmeci MR, Oklu R, Khademhosseini A. Minimally Invasive and Regenerative Therapeutics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804041. [PMID: 30565732 PMCID: PMC6709364 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in biomaterial synthesis and fabrication, stem cell biology, bioimaging, microsurgery procedures, and microscale technologies have made minimally invasive therapeutics a viable tool in regenerative medicine. Therapeutics, herein defined as cells, biomaterials, biomolecules, and their combinations, can be delivered in a minimally invasive way to regenerate different tissues in the body, such as bone, cartilage, pancreas, cardiac, skeletal muscle, liver, skin, and neural tissues. Sophisticated methods of tracking, sensing, and stimulation of therapeutics in vivo using nano-biomaterials and soft bioelectronic devices provide great opportunities to further develop minimally invasive and regenerative therapeutics (MIRET). In general, minimally invasive delivery methods offer high yield with low risk of complications and reduced costs compared to conventional delivery methods. Here, minimally invasive approaches for delivering regenerative therapeutics into the body are reviewed. The use of MIRET to treat different tissues and organs is described. Although some clinical trials have been performed using MIRET, it is hoped that such therapeutics find wider applications to treat patients. Finally, some future perspective and challenges for this emerging field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Darabi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mario El Tahchi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- LBMI, Department of Physics, Lebanese University - Faculty of Sciences 2, PO Box 90656, Jdeidet, Lebanon
| | - Junmin Lee
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kasinan Suthiwanich
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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76
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Ziegler T, Ishikawa K, Hinkel R, Kupatt C. Translational Aspects of Adeno-Associated Virus–Mediated Cardiac Gene Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:1341-1351. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Ziegler
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Kiyotake Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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77
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Hamilton S, Terentyev D. Proarrhythmic Remodeling of Calcium Homeostasis in Cardiac Disease; Implications for Diabetes and Obesity. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 30425651 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01517, 10.3389/fpls.2018.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid growth in the incidence of diabetes and obesity has transpired to a major heath issue and economic burden in the postindustrial world, with more than 29 million patients affected in the United States alone. Cardiovascular defects have been established as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of diabetic patients. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in delineating mechanisms responsible for the diminished cardiac contractile function and enhanced propensity for malignant cardiac arrhythmias characteristic of diabetic disease. Rhythmic cardiac contractility relies upon the precise interplay between several cellular Ca2+ transport protein complexes including plasmalemmal L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC), Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1), Sarco/endoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCa2a) and ryanodine receptors (RyR2s), the SR Ca2+ release channels. Here we provide an overview of changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in diabetic ventricular myocytes and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting Ca2+ handling proteins in the prevention of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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78
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Hamilton S, Terentyev D. Proarrhythmic Remodeling of Calcium Homeostasis in Cardiac Disease; Implications for Diabetes and Obesity. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1517. [PMID: 30425651 PMCID: PMC6218530 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid growth in the incidence of diabetes and obesity has transpired to a major heath issue and economic burden in the postindustrial world, with more than 29 million patients affected in the United States alone. Cardiovascular defects have been established as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of diabetic patients. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in delineating mechanisms responsible for the diminished cardiac contractile function and enhanced propensity for malignant cardiac arrhythmias characteristic of diabetic disease. Rhythmic cardiac contractility relies upon the precise interplay between several cellular Ca2+ transport protein complexes including plasmalemmal L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC), Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1), Sarco/endoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCa2a) and ryanodine receptors (RyR2s), the SR Ca2+ release channels. Here we provide an overview of changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in diabetic ventricular myocytes and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting Ca2+ handling proteins in the prevention of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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79
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Hamilton S, Terentyev D. Proarrhythmic Remodeling of Calcium Homeostasis in Cardiac Disease; Implications for Diabetes and Obesity. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1517. [PMID: 30425651 PMCID: PMC6218530 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01517,+10.3389/fpls.2018.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid growth in the incidence of diabetes and obesity has transpired to a major heath issue and economic burden in the postindustrial world, with more than 29 million patients affected in the United States alone. Cardiovascular defects have been established as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of diabetic patients. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in delineating mechanisms responsible for the diminished cardiac contractile function and enhanced propensity for malignant cardiac arrhythmias characteristic of diabetic disease. Rhythmic cardiac contractility relies upon the precise interplay between several cellular Ca2+ transport protein complexes including plasmalemmal L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC), Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1), Sarco/endoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCa2a) and ryanodine receptors (RyR2s), the SR Ca2+ release channels. Here we provide an overview of changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in diabetic ventricular myocytes and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting Ca2+ handling proteins in the prevention of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States,*Correspondence: Dmitry Terentyev,
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80
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Bernardo BC, Ooi JYY, Weeks KL, Patterson NL, McMullen JR. Understanding Key Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Protection to Mitigate Disease: Current Knowledge and Emerging Concepts. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:419-475. [PMID: 29351515 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of exercise on the heart are well recognized, and clinical studies have demonstrated that exercise is an intervention that can improve cardiac function in heart failure patients. This has led to significant research into understanding the key mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced cardiac protection. Here, we summarize molecular mechanisms that regulate exercise-induced cardiac myocyte growth and proliferation. We discuss in detail the effects of exercise on other cardiac cells, organelles, and systems that have received less or little attention and require further investigation. This includes cardiac excitation and contraction, mitochondrial adaptations, cellular stress responses to promote survival (heat shock response, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosomal system, endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, DNA damage response), extracellular matrix, inflammatory response, and organ-to-organ crosstalk. We summarize therapeutic strategies targeting known regulators of exercise-induced protection and the challenges translating findings from bench to bedside. We conclude that technological advancements that allow for in-depth profiling of the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome, combined with animal and human studies, provide new opportunities for comprehensively defining the signaling and regulatory aspects of cell/organelle functions that underpin the protective properties of exercise. This is likely to lead to the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C Bernardo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Jenny Y Y Ooi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Natalie L Patterson
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
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81
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Singh RD, Hillestad ML, Livia C, Li M, Alekseev AE, Witt TA, Stalboerger PG, Yamada S, Terzic A, Behfar A. M 3RNA Drives Targeted Gene Delivery in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 25:145-158. [PMID: 30047313 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The M3RNA (microencapsulated modified messenger RNA) platform is an approach to deliver messenger RNA (mRNA) in vivo, achieving a nonintegrating and viral-free approach to gene therapy. This technology was, in this study, tested for its utility in the myocardium, providing a unique avenue for targeted gene delivery into the freshly infarcted myocardial tissue. This study provides the evidentiary basis for the use of M3RNA in the heart through depiction of its performance in cultured cells, healthy rodent myocardium, and acutely injured porcine hearts. By testing the technology in large animal models of infarction, compatibility of M3RNA with current coronary intervention procedures was verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Deep Singh
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 VanCleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matthew L Hillestad
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 VanCleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Christopher Livia
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 VanCleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,3 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mark Li
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 VanCleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,3 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alexey E Alekseev
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 VanCleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,4 Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tyra A Witt
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 VanCleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paul G Stalboerger
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 VanCleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Satsuki Yamada
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 VanCleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andre Terzic
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 VanCleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,3 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Atta Behfar
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 VanCleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,3 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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82
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE To maintain homeostasis, gene expression has to be tightly regulated by complex and multiple mechanisms occurring at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. One crucial regulatory component is represented by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), nonprotein-coding RNA species implicated in all of these levels. Thus, lncRNAs have been associated with any given process or pathway of interest in a variety of systems, including the heart. Recent Advances: Mounting evidence implicates lncRNAs in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and progression and their presence in the blood of heart disease patients indicates that they are attractive potential biomarkers. CRITICAL ISSUES Our understanding of the regulation and molecular mechanisms of action of most lncRNAs remains rudimentary. A challenge is represented by their often low evolutionary sequence conservation that limits the use of animal models for preclinical studies. Nevertheless, a growing number of lncRNAs with an impact on heart function is rapidly accumulating. In this study, we will discuss (i) lncRNAs that control heart homeostasis and disease; (ii) concepts, approaches, and methodologies necessary to study lncRNAs in the heart; and (iii) challenges posed and opportunities presented by lncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A deeper knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underpinning CVDs is necessary to develop more effective treatments. Further studies are needed to clarify the regulation and function of lncRNAs in the heart before they can be considered as therapeutic targets and disease biomarkers. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 880-901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Greco
- 1 Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato , Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Salgado Somoza
- 2 Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) , Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Yvan Devaux
- 2 Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) , Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Fabio Martelli
- 1 Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato , Milan, Italy
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83
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Mondello SE, Sunshine MD, Fischedick AE, Dreyer SJ, Horwitz GD, Anikeeva P, Horner PJ, Moritz CT. Optogenetic surface stimulation of the rat cervical spinal cord. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:795-811. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00461.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) at various sites along the cervical spinal cord permits forelimb muscle activation, elicits complex limb movements and may enhance functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Here, we explore optogenetic spinal stimulation (OSS) as a less invasive and cell type-specific alternative to ISMS. To map forelimb muscle activation by OSS in rats, adeno-associated viruses (AAV) carrying the blue-light sensitive ion channels channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and Chronos were injected into the cervical spinal cord at different depths and volumes. Following an AAV incubation period of several weeks, OSS-induced forelimb muscle activation and movements were assessed at 16 sites along the dorsal surface of the cervical spinal cord. Three distinct movement types were observed. We find that AAV injection volume and depth can be titrated to achieve OSS-based activation of several movements. Optical stimulation of the spinal cord is thus a promising method for dissecting the function of spinal circuitry and targeting therapies following injury. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Optogenetics in the spinal cord can be used both for therapeutic treatments and to uncover basic mechanisms of spinal cord physiology. For the first time, we describe the methodology and outcomes of optogenetic surface stimulation of the rat spinal cord. Specifically, we describe the evoked responses of forelimbs and address the effects of different adeno-associated virus injection paradigms. Additionally, we are the first to report on the limitations of light penetration through the rat spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Mondello
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering, Seattle, Washington
| | - M. D. Sunshine
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering, Seattle, Washington
| | - A. E. Fischedick
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - S. J. Dreyer
- Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - G. D. Horwitz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - P. Anikeeva
- Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - P. J. Horner
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurological Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - C. T. Moritz
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington Institute for Neuroengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering, Seattle, Washington
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84
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Prondzynski M, Mearini G, Carrier L. Gene therapy strategies in the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:807-815. [PMID: 29971600 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited myocardial disease with an estimated prevalence of 1:200 caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins. It is associated with hypertrophy of the left ventricle, increased interstitial fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction for heterozygous mutation carriers. Carriers of double heterozygous, compound heterozygous, and homozygous mutations often display more severe forms of cardiomyopathies, ultimately leading to premature death. So far, there is no curative treatment against HCM, as current therapies are focused on symptoms relief by pharmacological intervention and not on the cause of HCM. In the last decade, several strategies have been developed to remove genetic defects, including genome editing, exon skipping, allele-specific silencing, spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing, and gene replacement. Most of these technologies have already been tested for efficacy and efficiency in animal- or human-induced pluripotent stem cell models of HCM with promising results. We will summarize recent technological advances and their implication as gene therapy options in HCM with a special focus on treating MYBPC3 mutations and its potential for being a successful bench to bedside example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Prondzynski
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giulia Mearini
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
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85
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Liu G, Li SQ, Hu PP, Tong XY. Altered sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase 2a content: Targets for heart failure therapy. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018; 15:322-335. [PMID: 29762054 DOI: 10.1177/1479164118774313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase is responsible for transporting cytosolic calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum and endoplasmic reticulum to maintain calcium homeostasis. Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase is the dominant isoform expressed in cardiac tissue, which is regulated by endogenous protein inhibitors, post-translational modifications, hormones as well as microRNAs. Dysfunction of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase is associated with heart failure, which makes sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase a promising target for heart failure therapy. This review summarizes current approaches to ameliorate sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase function and focuses on phospholamban, an endogenous inhibitor of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase, pharmacological tools and gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si Qi Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Ping Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Yong Tong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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86
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Chamberlain K, Riyad JM, Garnett T, Kohlbrenner E, Mookerjee A, Elmastour F, Benard L, Chen J, VandenDriessche T, Chuah MK, Marian AJ, Hajjar RJ, Gurha P, Weber T. A Calsequestrin Cis-Regulatory Motif Coupled to a Cardiac Troponin T Promoter Improves Cardiac Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 9 Transduction Specificity. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:927-937. [PMID: 29641321 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) is an efficient vector for gene transfer to the myocardium. However, the use of ubiquitous promoters, such as the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, can result in expression of the transgene in organs other than the heart. This study tested if the efficiency and specificity of cardiac transcription from a chicken cardiac troponin T (TnT) promoter could be further increased by incorporating a cardiomyocyte-specific transcriptional cis-regulatory motif from human calsequestrin 2 (CS-CRM4) into the expression cassette (Enh.TnT). The efficiency of luciferase expression from the TnT and Enh.TnT constructs was compared to expression of luciferase under the control of the CMV promoter in both adult and neonatal mice. Overall, expression levels of luciferase in the heart were similar in mice injected with AAV9.TnT.Luc, AAV9.Enh.TnT.Luc and AAV9.CMV.Luc. In contrast, expression levels of luciferase activity in nontarget organs, including the liver and muscle, was lower in mice injected with the AAV9.TnT.Luc compared to AAV9.CMV.Luc and was negligible with AAV9.Enh.TnT. In neonates, in organs other than the heart, luciferase expression levels were too low to be quantified for all constructs. Taken together, the data show that the AAV9 Enh.TnT constructs drives high levels of expression of the transgene in the myocardium, with insignificant expression in other organs. These properties reduce the risks associated with the AAV9-mediated expression of the therapeutic protein of interest in nontarget organs. The excellent cardiac specificity should allow for the use of higher vector doses than are currently used, which might be essential to achieve the levels of transgene expression necessary for therapeutic benefits. Taken together, the findings suggest that the Enh.TnT transcription unit is a potentially attractive tool for clinical cardiac gene therapy in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Chamberlain
- 1 Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Jalish M Riyad
- 1 Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Tyrone Garnett
- 3 Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Erik Kohlbrenner
- 1 Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Ananda Mookerjee
- 1 Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Firas Elmastour
- 1 Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Ludovic Benard
- 1 Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Jiqiu Chen
- 1 Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Thierry VandenDriessche
- 4 Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium .,5 Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marinee K Chuah
- 4 Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium .,5 Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali J Marian
- 3 Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- 1 Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Priyatansh Gurha
- 3 Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas Weber
- 1 Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,2 Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
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87
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Valenzuela V, Jackson KL, Sardi SP, Hetz C. Gene Therapy Strategies to Restore ER Proteostasis in Disease. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1404-1413. [PMID: 29728295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis alterations are proposed as a transversal hallmark of several pathological conditions, including metabolic disorders, mechanical injury, cardiac malfunction, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Strategies to improve proteostasis aim to reduce the accumulation of specific disease-related misfolded proteins or bolster the endogenous mechanisms to fold and degrade abnormal proteins. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a common pathological signature of a variety of diseases, which engages the unfolded protein response (UPR) as a cellular reaction to mitigate ER stress. Pharmacological modulation of the UPR is challenging considering the physiological importance of the pathway in various organs. However, local targeting of ER stress responses in the affected tissue using gene therapy is emerging as a possible solution to overcome side effects. The delivery of ER chaperones or active UPR components using adeno-associated virus (AAV) has demonstrated outstanding beneficial effects in several disease models (e.g., neurodegenerative conditions, eye disorders, and metabolic diseases). Here, we discuss current efforts to design and optimize gene therapy strategies to improve ER proteostasis in different disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Valenzuela
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kasey L Jackson
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Sergio P Sardi
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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88
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Samuel TJ, Rosenberry RP, Lee S, Pan Z. Correcting Calcium Dysregulation in Chronic Heart Failure Using SERCA2a Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041086. [PMID: 29621141 PMCID: PMC5979534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease and is the leading cause of hospitalization for those over the age of 65, which is estimated to account for close to seventy billion dollars in healthcare costs by 2030 in the US alone. The successful therapies for preventing and reversing CHF progression are urgently required. One strategy under active investigation is to restore dysregulated myocardial calcium (Ca2+), a hallmark of CHF. It is well established that intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are tightly regulated to control efficient myocardial systolic contraction and diastolic relaxation. Among the many cell surface proteins and intracellular organelles that act as the warp and woof of the regulatory network controlling intracellular Ca2+ signals in cardiomyocytes, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase type 2a (SERCA2a) undoubtedly plays a central role. SERCA2a is responsible for sequestrating cytosolic Ca2+ back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum during diastole, allowing for efficient uncoupling of actin-myosin and subsequent ventricular relaxation. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the expression of SERCA2a is downregulated in CHF, which subsequently contributes to severe systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Therefore, restoring SERCA2a expression and improving cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling provides an excellent alternative to currently used transplantation and mechanical assist devices in the treatment of CHF. Indeed, advancements in safe and effective gene delivery techniques have led to the emergence of SERCA2a gene therapy as a potential therapeutic choice for CHF patients. This mini-review will succinctly detail the progression of SERCA2a gene therapy from its inception in plasmid and animal models, to its clinical trials in CHF patients, highlighting potential avenues for future work along the way.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jake Samuel
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | - Ryan P Rosenberry
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | - Seungyong Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | - Zui Pan
- Department of Graduate Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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89
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Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Therapy: Translational Progress and Future Prospects in the Treatment of Heart Failure. Heart Lung Circ 2018; 27:1285-1300. [PMID: 29703647 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment over the past decade, heart failure remains a significant public health burden and a leading cause of death in the developed world. Gene therapy provides a promising approach for preventing and reversing cardiac abnormalities, however, clinical application has shown limited success to date. A substantial effort is being invested into the development of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) for cardiac gene therapy as AAV gene therapy offers a high safety profile and provides sustained and efficient transgene expression following a once-off administration. Due to the physiological, anatomical and genetic similarities between large animals and humans, preclinical studies using large animal models for AAV gene therapy are crucial stepping stones between the laboratory and the clinic. Many molecular targets selected to treat heart failure using AAV gene therapy have been chosen because of their potential to regulate and restore cardiac contractility. Other genes targeted with AAV are involved with regulating angiogenesis, beta-adrenergic sensitivity, inflammation, physiological signalling and metabolism. While significant progress continues to be made in the field of AAV cardiac gene therapy, challenges remain in overcoming host neutralising antibodies, improving AAV vector cardiac-transduction efficiency and selectivity, and optimising the dose, route and method of delivery.
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90
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Zhai Y, Luo Y, Wu P, Li D. New insights into SERCA2a gene therapy in heart failure: pay attention to the negative effects of B-type natriuretic peptides. J Med Genet 2018; 55:287-296. [PMID: 29478009 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-105120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) is a target of interest in gene therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, the results of an important clinical study, the Calcium Upregulation by Percutaneous Administration of Gene Therapy in Cardiac Disease (CUPID) trial, were controversial. Promising results were observed in the CUPID 1 trial, but the results of the CUPID 2 trial were negative. The factors that caused the controversial results remain unclear. Importantly, enrolled patients were required to have a higher plasma level of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the CUPID 2 trial. Moreover, BNP was shown to inhibit SERCA2a expression. Therefore, it is possible that high BNP levels interact with treatment effects of SERCA2a gene transfer and accordingly lead to negative results of CUPID 2 trial. From this point of view, effects of SERCA2a gene therapy should be explored in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, which is characterised by lower BNP levels compared with HFrEF. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge of SERCA2a gene therapy for heart failure, analyse potential interaction between BNP levels and therapeutic effects of SERCA2a gene transfer and provide directions for future research to solve the identified problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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91
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An injectable conductive hydrogel encapsulating plasmid DNA-eNOs and ADSCs for treating myocardial infarction. Biomaterials 2018; 160:69-81. [PMID: 29396380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to the mass death of cardiomyocytes accompanying with the unfavorable alternation of microenvironment, a fibrosis scar deprived of electrical communications, and the lack of blood supply in the infarcted myocardium. The three factors are inextricably intertwined and thus result in a conservative MI therapy efficacy in clinic. A holistic approach pertinently targeted to these three key points would be favorable to rebuild the heart functions. Here, an injectable conductive hydrogel was constructed via in situ Michael addition reaction between multi-armed conductive crosslinker tetraaniline-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (TA-PEG) and thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH). The resultant soft conductive hydrogel with equivalent myocardial conductivity and anti-fatigue performance was loaded with plasmid DNA encoding eNOs (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) nanocomplexes and adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) for treating MI. The TA-PEG/HA-SH/ADSCs/Gene hydrogel-based holistic system was injected into the infarcted myocardium of SD rats. We demonstrated an increased expression of eNOs in myocardial tissue the heightening of nitrite concentration, accompanied with upregulation of proangiogenic growth factors and myocardium related mRNA. The results of electrocardiography, cardiogram, and histological analysis convincingly revealed a distinct increase of ejection fraction (EF), shortened QRS interval, smaller infarction size, less fibrosis area, and higher vessel density, indicating a significant improvement of heart functions. This conception of combination approach by a conductive injectable hydrogel loaded with stem cells and gene-encoding eNOs nanoparticles will become a robust therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MI.
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92
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Strategy to detect pre-existing immunity to AAV gene therapy. Gene Ther 2017; 24:768-778. [PMID: 29106404 PMCID: PMC5746592 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy may offer a new treatment option, particularly for patients with severe hemophilia, based on recent research. However, individuals with pre-existing immunity to adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) may be less likely to benefit from AAV vector-based therapies. To study pre-existing AAV5 immunity in humans, we validated two complementary, sensitive, and scalable in vitro assays to detect AAV5 total antibodies and transduction inhibition (TI). Using these two assays, we found that 53% of samples from 100 healthy male individuals were negative in both assays, 18% were positive in both assays, 5% were positive for total antibodies but negative for TI and, of interest, 24% were negative for total antibodies but positive for TI activity, suggesting the presence of non-antibody-based neutralizing factors in human plasma. Similar findings were obtained with 24 samples from individuals with hemophilia A. On the basis of these results, we describe the development of a dual-assay strategy to identify individuals without total AAV5 antibodies or neutralizing factors who may be more likely to respond to AAV5-directed gene therapy. These assays offer a universal, transferrable platform across laboratories to assess the global prevalence of AAV5 antibodies and neutralizing factors in large patient populations to help inform clinical development strategies.
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93
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Greenberg B. Gene therapy for heart failure: time to go back to the drawing board. Eur J Heart Fail 2017; 19:1542-1544. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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94
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Helfield BL, Chen X, Qin B, Watkins SC, Villanueva FS. Mechanistic Insight into Sonoporation with Ultrasound-Stimulated Polymer Microbubbles. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2017; 43:2678-2689. [PMID: 28847500 PMCID: PMC5644032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sonoporation is emerging as a feasible, non-viral gene delivery platform for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Despite promising results, this approach remains less efficient than viral methods. The objective of this work is to help substantiate the merit of polymeric microbubble sonoporation as a non-viral, localized cell permeation and payload delivery strategy by taking a ground-up approach to elucidating the fundamental mechanisms at play. In this study, we apply simultaneous microscopy of polymeric microbubble sonoporation over its intrinsic biophysical timescales-with sub-microsecond resolution to examine microbubble cavitation and millisecond resolution over several minutes to examine local macromolecule uptake through enhanced endothelial cell membrane permeability-bridging over six orders of magnitude in time. We quantified microbubble behavior and resulting sonoporation thresholds at transmit frequencies of 0.5, 1 and 2 MHz, and determined that sonic cracking is a necessary but insufficient condition to induce sonoporation. Further, sonoporation propensity increases with the extent of sonic cracking, namely, from partial to complete gas escape from the polymeric encapsulation. For the subset that exhibited complete gas escape from sonic cracking, a proportional relationship between the maximum projected gas area and resulting macromolecule uptake was observed. These results have revealed one aspect of polymeric bubble activity on the microsecond time scale that is associated with eliciting sonoporation in adjacent endothelial cells, and contributes toward an understanding of the physical rationale for sonoporation with polymer-encapsulated microbubble contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Helfield
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xucai Chen
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bin Qin
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Flordeliza S Villanueva
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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95
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Bistola
- Heart Failure Unit; 2nd Department of Cardiology; Attikon University Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - O. Chioncel
- Institute of Emergency for Cardiovascular Diseases ‘Prof. C.C. Iliescu’; University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila; Bucuresti Romania
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96
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Liu R, Lee J, Kim BS, Wang Q, Buxton SK, Balasubramanyam N, Kim JJ, Dong J, Zhang A, Li S, Gupte AA, Hamilton DJ, Martin JF, Rodney GG, Coarfa C, Wehrens XH, Yechoor VK, Moulik M. Tead1 is required for maintaining adult cardiomyocyte function, and its loss results in lethal dilated cardiomyopathy. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93343. [PMID: 28878117 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide, highlighting a pressing need to identify novel regulators of cardiomyocyte (CM) function that could be therapeutically targeted. The mammalian Hippo/Tead pathway is critical in embryonic cardiac development and perinatal CM proliferation. However, the requirement of Tead1, the transcriptional effector of this pathway, in the adult heart is unknown. Here, we show that tamoxifen-inducible adult CM-specific Tead1 ablation led to lethal acute-onset dilated cardiomyopathy, associated with impairment in excitation-contraction coupling. Mechanistically, we demonstrate Tead1 is a cell-autonomous, direct transcriptional activator of SERCA2a and SR-associated protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit, Inhibitor-1 (I-1). Thus, Tead1 deletion led to a decrease in SERCA2a and I-1 transcripts and protein, with a consequent increase in PP1-activity, resulting in accumulation of dephosphorylated phospholamban (Pln) and decreased SERCA2a activity. Global transcriptomal analysis in Tead1-deleted hearts revealed significant changes in mitochondrial and sarcomere-related pathways. Additional studies demonstrated there was a trend for correlation between protein levels of TEAD1 and I-1, and phosphorylation of PLN, in human nonfailing and failing hearts. Furthermore, TEAD1 activity was required to maintain PLN phosphorylation and expression of SERCA2a and I-1 in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPS-derived) CMs. To our knowledge, taken together, this demonstrates a nonredundant, novel role of Tead1 in maintaining normal adult heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruya Liu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Jeongkyung Lee
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Byung S Kim
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Qiongling Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Samuel K Buxton
- Cardiovascular Research Institute.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | | | - Jean J Kim
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, and.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianrong Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shumin Li
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anisha A Gupte
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dale J Hamilton
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James F Martin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics.,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xander Ht Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Vijay K Yechoor
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine.,Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | - Mousumi Moulik
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas (UT) Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
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97
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Status of Therapeutic Gene Transfer to Treat Cardiovascular Disease in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2017. [PMID: 28647114 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a procedure resulting in the transfer of a gene into an individual's cells to treat a disease. One goal of gene transfer is to express a functional gene when the endogenous gene is inactive. However, because heart failure is a complex disease characterized by multiple abnormalities at the cellular level, an alternate gene delivery approach is to alter myocardial protein levels to improve function. This article discusses background information on gene delivery, including packaging, administration, and a brief discussion of some of the candidate transgenes likely to alter the progression of naturally occurring heart disease in dogs and cats.
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98
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Bera A, Sen D. Promise of adeno-associated virus as a gene therapy vector for cardiovascular diseases. Heart Fail Rev 2017; 22:795-823. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-017-9622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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99
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Crocini C, Ferrantini C, Pavone FS, Sacconi L. Optogenetics gets to the heart: A guiding light beyond defibrillation. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 130:132-139. [PMID: 28506694 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics provides a tool for controlling the electrical activity of excitable cells by means of the interaction of light with light-gated ion channels. Despite the fact that optogenetics has been intensively utilized in the neurosciences, it has been more rarely employed as an instrument for studying cardiac pathophysiology. However, the advantages of optical approaches to perturb cardiac electrical activity are numerous, especially when the spatio-temporal qualities of light are utterly exploited. Here, we review the main breakthroughs employing optogenetics to perturb cardiac pathophysiology and attempt a comparison of methods and procedures that have employed optogenetics in the heart. We particularly focus on light-based defibrillation strategies that represent one of the latest achievements in this field. We highlight the important role of advanced optical methods for detecting and stimulating electrical activity for optimizing defibrillation strategies and, more generally, for dissecting novel insights in cardiac physiology. Finally, we discuss the main future perspectives that we envision for optogenetics in the heart, both in terms of translational applications and for addressing fundamental questions of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Crocini
- European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via Nello Carrara, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; National Institute of Optic (CNR-INO), Via Nello Carrara, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco S Pavone
- European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via Nello Carrara, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; National Institute of Optic (CNR-INO), Via Nello Carrara, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via Nello Carrara, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; National Institute of Optic (CNR-INO), Via Nello Carrara, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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100
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiac gene therapy with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors is emerging as an entirely new platform to treat, or even cure, so far intractable cardiac disorders. This review describes our current knowledge of cardiac AAV gene therapy with a particular focus on the biggest obstacle for the successful translation of cardiac AAV gene therapy into the clinic, namely the efficient delivery of the therapeutic gene to the myocardium. RECENT FINDINGS We summarize the significant recent progress that has been made in treating heart failure in preclinically relevant animal models with AAV gene therapy and the recent results of clinical trials with cardiac AAV gene therapy for the treatment of heart failure. We also discuss the benefits and shortcomings of the currently available delivery methods of AAV to the heart. Finally, we describe the current state of identifying novel AAV variants that have enhanced tropism for human cardiomyocytes and that show increased resistance to preexisting neutralizing antibodies. SUMMARY Here, we describe the successes and challenges in cardiac AAV gene therapy, a treatment modality that has the potential to transform current treatment approaches for cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Chamberlain
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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