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Ahmad R, Singh JK, Wunnava A, Al-Obeed O, Abdulla M, Srivastava SK. Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:14. [PMID: 33655327 PMCID: PMC7834960 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently detected type of cancer, and the second most common cause of cancer‑related mortality globally. The American Cancer Society predicted that approximately 147,950 individuals would be diagnosed with CRC, out of which 53,200 individuals would succumb to the disease in the USA alone in 2020. CRC‑related mortality ranks third among both males and females in the USA. CRC arises from 3 major pathways: i) The adenoma‑carcinoma sequence; ii) serrated pathway; and iii) the inflammatory pathway. The majority of cases of CRC are sporadic and result from risk factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, processed diets, alcohol consumption and smoking. CRC is also a common preventable cancer. With widespread CRC screening, the incidence and mortality from CRC have decreased in developed countries. However, over the past few decades, CRC cases and mortality have been on the rise in young adults (age, <50 years). In addition, CRC cases are increasing in developing countries with a low gross domestic product (GDP) due to lifestyle changes. CRC is an etiologically heterogeneous disease classified by tumor location and alterations in global gene expression. Accumulating genetic and epigenetic perturbations and aberrations over time in tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and DNA mismatch repair genes could be a precursor to the onset of colorectal cancer. CRC can be divided as sporadic, familial, and inherited depending on the origin of the mutation. Germline mutations in APC and MLH1 have been proven to play an etiological role, resulting in the predisposition of individuals to CRC. Genetic alterations cause the dysregulation of signaling pathways leading to drug resistance, the inhibition of apoptosis and the induction of proliferation, invasion and migration, resulting in CRC development and metastasis. Timely detection and effective precision therapies based on the present knowledge of CRC is essential for successful treatment and patient survival. The present review presents the CRC incidence, risk factors, dysregulated signaling pathways and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Ahmad
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaikee Kumar Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Amoolya Wunnava
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Omar Al-Obeed
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdulla
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
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52
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Mao C, Zeng X, Zhang C, Yang Y, Xiao X, Luan S, Zhang Y, Yuan Y. Mechanisms of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Drug Resistance in Esophageal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:612451. [PMID: 33644048 PMCID: PMC7905099 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.612451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical therapies are essential for esophageal cancer (EC). For the advanced EC, the neoadjuvant therapy regimen, including chemotherapy plus radiotherapy and/or immunotherapy, is effective to achieve clinical benefit, even pathological complete response. For the unresectable, recurrent, and metastatic EC, the pharmaceutical therapy is the limited effective regimen to alleviate the disease and prolong the progression-free survival and overall survival. In this review, we focus on the pharmaceutical applications in EC treatment including cytotoxic agents, molecular targeted antibodies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The chemotherapy regimen is based on cytotoxic agents such as platinum-based complexes, fluorinated pyrimidines and taxenes. Although the cytotoxic agents have been developed in past decades, the standard chemotherapy regimen is still the cisplatin and 5-FU or paclitaxel because the derived drugs have no significant advantages of overcoming the shortcomings of side effects and drug resistance. The targeted molecular therapy is an essential supplement for chemotherapy; however, there are only a few targeted therapies available in clinical practice. Trastuzumab and ramucirumab are the only two molecular therapy drugs which are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat advanced and/or metastatic EC. Although the targeted therapy usually achieves effective benefits in the early stage therapy of EC, the patients will always develop drug resistance during treatment. ICIs have had a significant impact on routine clinical practice in cancer treatment. The anti-programmed cell death-1 monoclonal antibodies pembrolizumab and nivolumab, as the ICIs, are recommended for advanced EC by several clinical trials. However, the significant issues of pharmaceutical treatment are still the dose-limiting side effects and primary or secondary drug resistance. These defects of pharmaceutical therapy restrain the clinical application and diminish the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zeng
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Luan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Periodical Press, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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You J, Li J, Ke C, Xiao Y, Lu C, Huang F, Mi Y, Xia R, Li Q. Oncogenic long intervening noncoding RNA Linc00284 promotes c-Met expression by sponging miR-27a in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:4151-4166. [PMID: 34050266 PMCID: PMC8211564 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01839-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidences suggest that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Here, the aim of this study is to investigate the biological function of long intervening noncoding RNA Linc00284 in colorectal cancer (CRC). The expression levels of Linc00284, miR-27a and c-Met were evaluated by qPCR and/or Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Ki67 and Phh3 in tumor tissues. The interaction between Linc00284, miR-27a and c-Met was validated by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Cell function experiments, including CCK-8, wound-healing and transwell invasion assays, were conducted. The in vivo studies were performed with the subcutaneous tumor xenograft mouse models. Our findings reveal that Linc00284 is upregulated in CRC tissues and colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW480 in comparison with corresponding para-carcinoma tissues and human fetal colonic mucosa cells FHC. High expression of Linc00284 in tumor tissues is associated with tumor metastasis and predicts a poor clinical outcome in CRC patients. Serum Linc00284 is increased, while miR-27a is decreased in CRC patients compared to healthy controls. ROC curve analysis indicates that serum Linc00284 and miR-27a produce the area under the curve (AUC) value of at 0.8151 and 0.7316 in patients with colorectal cancer compared to healthy individuals, respectively. Additionally, results in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that Linc00284 silencing significantly suppresses CRC cell proliferation and/or invasion. Mechanistically, Linc00284 promotes c-Met expression by acting as miR-27a sponge, leading to the activation of downstream signaling pathways, thereby causing malignant phenotypes of CRC cells. Taken together, Linc00284 exhibits oncogenic function and the disturbance of Linc00284/miR-27a/c-Met regulatory axis contributes to CRC progression, providing new insight into the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Importantly, the expression levels of serum Linc00284 and miR-27a may serve as clinical biomarkers for CRC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun You
- grid.412625.6Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian PR China ,grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307The School of Clinical Medical, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian PR China
| | - Jiayi Li
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian PR China
| | - Chunlin Ke
- grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian PR China
| | - Yanru Xiao
- grid.412625.6Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian PR China
| | - Chuanhui Lu
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian PR China
| | - Fakun Huang
- grid.412683.a0000 0004 1758 0400Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian PR China
| | - Yanjun Mi
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Thoracic Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Lung Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian PR China
| | - Rongmu Xia
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian PR China
| | - Qiyuan Li
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233National Institute of Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian PR China
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Xiao L, Li Y, Zeng X, Zhou Z, Hu S, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Zhao H, Beer DG, Mao R, Chen G. Silencing of LOC389641 impairs cell proliferation and induces autophagy via EGFR/MET signaling in lung adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:2539-2552. [PMID: 33318313 PMCID: PMC7880380 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput RNA-sequencing studies of tumor samples have identified a large number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which are associated with various types of cancer. LncRNAs play key roles in regulating chromatin dynamics, gene expression, growth, differentiation and development. However, the role of LOC389641 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumorigenesis is not clear. Here, we investigated the expression pattern, roles and mechanism of LOC389641 in lung cancer. LOC389641 expressions in tumor tissues and cell lines were measured by qRT-PCR. Functional studies including colony formation, cell proliferation and invasion were performed in lung cancer cell lines and Western blot was used to exam the protein changes upon siRNA treatment. We found that LOC389641 was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinomas and was associated with poor patient survival. Silencing of LOC389641 reduced colony formation, cell proliferation and invasion, as well as induced autophagy and apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines in vitro. Mechanistically, downregulation of LOC389641 was found to decrease EGFR, MET and STAT3 proteins expression in lung cancer cells. LOC389641 is highly expressed and plays an oncogenic role in this type of NSCLC. Because of its specificity, LOC389641 may be a potential biomarker for prognosis and a possible target for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiao
- Cancer Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhou
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengmin Hu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shenglin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han Zhao
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huijie Zhao
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - David G Beer
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rui Mao
- Cancer Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guoan Chen
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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55
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Anti-neoplastic Effect of Ginkgolide C through Modulating c-Met Phosphorylation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218303. [PMID: 33167504 PMCID: PMC7664003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolide C (GGC) derived from Ginkgo biloba, has been reported to exhibit various biological functions. However, the anti-neoplastic effect of GGC and its mechanisms in liver cancer have not been studied previously. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition receptor (c-Met) pathway can regulate tumor growth and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-neoplastic effect of GGC against HCC cells and we observed that GGC inhibited HGF-induced c-Met and c-Met downstream oncogenic pathways, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MEK/ERK. In addition, GGC also suppressed the proliferation of expression of diverse tumorigenic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Survivin, IAP-1, IAP-2, Cyclin D1, and COX-2) and induced apoptosis. Interestingly, the silencing of c-Met by small interfering RNA (siRNA) mitigated c-Met expression and enhanced GGC-induced apoptosis. Moreover, it was noted that GGC also significantly reduced the invasion and migration of HCC cells. Overall, the data clearly demonstrate that GGC exerts its anti-neoplastic activity through modulating c-Met phosphorylation and may be used as an effective therapy against HCC.
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56
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Min B, Jin J, Kim H, Her NG, Park C, Kim D, Yang J, Hwang J, Kim E, Choi M, Song HY, Nam DH, Yoon Y. cIRCR201-dPBD, a Novel Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Dimer-Containing Site-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting c-Met Overexpression Tumors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25798-25809. [PMID: 33073104 PMCID: PMC7557224 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
c-Met, as a receptor expressed on the cell membrane, contributes to the growth and metastasis of tumors, as well as angiogenesis, mainly through the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met axis during tumor progression. Although several c-Met inhibitors, including small molecules and monoclonal antibody inhibitors, are currently being investigated, their clinical outcomes have not been promising. Development of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) against c-Met could be an attractive therapeutic strategy that would provide superior antitumor efficacy with broad-spectrum c-Met expression levels. In the present study, site-specific drug-conjugate technology was applied to develop an ADC using the human-mouse cross-reactive c-Met antibody and a prodrug pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD). The toxin payload was uniformly conjugated to the light-chain C-terminus of the native cIRCR201 antibody (drug-to-antibody ratio = 2), as confirmed using LC-MS. Using a high-throughput screening system, we found that cIRCR201-dPBD exhibited varying sensitivities depending on the expression levels of c-Met, and it induced receptor-mediated endocytosis and toxin-mediated apoptosis in 47 different cancer cell lines. cIRCR201-dPBD also showed significant antitumor activity on the MET-amplified cancer cells using in vivo xenograft models. Therefore, cIRCR201-dPBD could be a promising therapeutic strategy for tumors with c-Met expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongkwi Min
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for
Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan
University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
- Institute
for Refractory Cancer Research, Research
Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Jin
- Department
of Convergence Technical Support, New Drug
Development Center, 123
Osongsaengmyeng-ro, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28160, Korea
| | - Hyeree Kim
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for
Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan
University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
- Samsung
Biomedical
Research Institute, Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Gu Her
- Institute
for Refractory Cancer Research, Research
Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsik Park
- LegoChem
Biosciences, Inc., 8-26 Munoyeongseo-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggeon Kim
- Institute
for Refractory Cancer Research, Research
Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehoon Yang
- Animal
Research and Molecular Imaging Center, Samsung
Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 06351, Republic
of Korea
| | - Juhyeon Hwang
- Institute
for Refractory Cancer Research, Research
Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Kim
- Institute
for Refractory Cancer Research, Research
Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Choi
- LegoChem
Biosciences, Inc., 8-26 Munoyeongseo-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Young Song
- LegoChem
Biosciences, Inc., 8-26 Munoyeongseo-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for
Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan
University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
- Institute
for Refractory Cancer Research, Research
Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yeup Yoon
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for
Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan
University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
- Institute
for Refractory Cancer Research, Research
Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Research
Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical
Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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Zhou J, Wang D, Tang D, Huang W. Abnormal Activations of Super-Enhancers Enhance the Carcinogenicity in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:8509-8518. [PMID: 32982443 PMCID: PMC7501973 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s258497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung tumors and normal lung tissues show large differences in epigenetic modification which can affect the chromosome structure and expression of genes. However, the epigenetic reprogramming in lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear. Methods and Results With the bioinformatics analysis, we found that some activated super-enhancers (SEs) only appear in lung adenocarcinoma cells, and 781 abnormal activated super-enhancers (AASEs) were found. Not only are the traditional oncogenes found to be activated by AASEs, such as MET and SLC2A1, but also some new genes were activated by AASEs, which probably contributes to the carcinogenic process in lung cancer. The enrichment analysis of the genes activated by AASEs shows that the glycolysis process and cell proliferation were enhanced and the apoptotic process was negatively regulated. Two AASEs were separately knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 in A549, PC-9, and H1299 cell lines and the expression of target genes decreased. The motif of CTCF, SMARCA1, SOX4, FOXM1, IRF3, IRF7, and STAT2 was enriched in AASEs, supporting that the chromosome structure changed and these transcription factors would be the master regulators on the formation of AASEs. Conclusion This study provided comprehensive insight into the mechanisms of SEs, as well as a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Xinhui Hospital, Southern Medical University, Xinhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingxue Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxin Tang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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58
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Tian Z, Niu X, Yao W. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Osteosarcoma Treatment: Which Is the Key Target? Front Oncol 2020; 10:1642. [PMID: 32984034 PMCID: PMC7485562 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have shown several multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to be effective in the treatment of osteosarcoma. However, these TKIs have a number of targets, and it is yet unclear which of these targets has a key role in osteosarcoma treatment. In this review, we first summarize the TKIs that were studied in clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Further, we compare and discuss the targets of these TKIs. We found that TKIs with promising therapeutic effect for osteosarcoma include apatinib, cabozantinib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, and sorafenib. The key targets for osteosarcoma treatment may include VEGFRs and RET. The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) MET, IGF-1R, AXL, PDGFRs, KIT, and FGFRs might be relevant but unimportant targets for osteosarcoma treatment. Inhibition of one type of RTK for the treatment of osteosarcoma is not effective. It is necessary to inhibit several relevant RTKs simultaneously to achieve a breakthrough in osteosarcoma treatment. This review provides comprehensive information on TKI targets relevant in osteosarcoma treatment, and it will be useful for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Niu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weitao Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Ghorbani F, Fathi F, Aghebati-Maleki L, Abolhasan R, Rikhtegar R, Dolatabadi JEN, Babaloo Z, Khalilzadeh B, Ebrahimi-Warkiani M, Sharifzadeh Z, Rashidi MR, Yousefi M. Kinetic and thermodynamic study of c-Met interaction with single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies using phage based surface plasmon resonance. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 150:105362. [PMID: 32416255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met) has been recently regarded as an attractive target for the treatment of cancer. Our previous study showed that c-Met-specific single chain fragment variables (scFvs) can be considered as a promising therapy for cancer, however, their molecular interaction with c-Met protein have not been assessed. Accordingly, in the current study we aim to evaluate the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of c-Met interaction with these scFvs as anticancer agents by means of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. Phage-scFvs were immobilized on the 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid gold chips after carboxylic groups activation by N-ethyl-N-(3-diethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide and, then the c-Met binding to each scFvs (ES1, ES2, and ES3) at different concentrations (ranging from 20 to 665 μM) was explored. Kinetic studies revealed that ES1 has the highest affinity (KD = 3.36 × 10-8) toward its target at 25°C. Calculation of thermodynamic parameters also showed positive values for enthalpy and entropy changes, which was representative of hydrophobic forces between c-Met and ES1. Furthermore, the positive value of Gibbs free energy indicated that c-Met binding to ES1 was enthalpy-driven. Taken together, we concluded that produced ES1 can be applied as promising scFv-based therapy for diagnosis or targeting of c-Met in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ghorbani
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (SCARM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student research committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fathi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Rozita Abolhasan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (SCARM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rikhtegar
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Balal Khalilzadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (SCARM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ebrahimi-Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University Technology of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Zahra Sharifzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Hybridoma Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rashidi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (SCARM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (SCARM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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60
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Malik R, Mambetsariev I, Fricke J, Chawla N, Nam A, Pharaon R, Salgia R. MET receptor in oncology: From biomarker to therapeutic target. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:259-301. [PMID: 32593403 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
First discovered in the 1984, the MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor or HGF (also known as scatter factor or SF) are implicated as key players in tumor cell migration, proliferation, and invasion in a variety of cancers. This pathway also plays a key role during embryogenesis in the development of muscular and nervous structures. High expression of the MET receptor has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. MET exon 14 splicing variants, initially identified by us in lung cancer, is actionable through various tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). For this reason, this pathway is of interest as a therapeutic target. In this chapter we will be discussing the history of MET, the genetics of this RTK, and give some background on the receptor biology. Furthermore, we will discuss directed therapeutics, mechanisms of resistance, and the future of MET as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeva Malik
- George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Isa Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Jeremy Fricke
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Neal Chawla
- Department of Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Arin Nam
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Pharaon
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
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Roles for receptor tyrosine kinases in tumor progression and implications for cancer treatment. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:1-57. [PMID: 32593398 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors and their receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), a group of transmembrane molecules harboring cytoplasm-facing tyrosine-specific kinase functions, play essential roles in migration of multipotent cell populations and rapid proliferation of stem cells' descendants, transit amplifying cells, during embryogenesis and tissue repair. These intrinsic functions are aberrantly harnessed when cancer cells undergo intertwined phases of cell migration and proliferation during cancer progression. For example, by means of clonal expansion growth factors fixate the rarely occurring driver mutations, which initiate tumors. Likewise, autocrine and stromal growth factors propel angiogenesis and penetration into the newly sprouted vessels, which enable seeding micro-metastases at distant organs. We review genetic and other mechanisms that preempt ligand-mediated activation of RTKs, thereby supporting sustained cancer progression. The widespread occurrence of aberrant RTKs and downstream signaling pathways in cancer, identifies molecular targets suitable for pharmacological intervention. We list all clinically approved cancer drugs that specifically intercept oncogenic RTKs. These are mainly tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, which can inhibit cancer but inevitably become progressively less effective due to adaptive rewiring processes or emergence of new mutations, processes we overview. Similarly important are patient treatments making use of radiation, chemotherapeutic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The many interfaces linking RTK-targeted therapies and these systemic or local regimens are described in details because of the great promise offered by combining pharmacological modalities.
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(-)-Oleocanthal as a Dual c-MET-COX2 Inhibitor for the Control of Lung Cancer. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061749. [PMID: 32545325 PMCID: PMC7353354 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) represents the topmost mortality-causing cancer in the U.S. LC patients have overall poor survival rate with limited available treatment options. Dysregulation of the mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-MET) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) initiates aggressive LC profile in a subset of patients. The Mediterranean extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO)-rich diet already documented to reduce multiple malignancies incidence. (-)-Oleocanthal (OC) is a naturally occurring phenolic secoiridoid exclusively occurring in EVOO and showed documented anti-breast and other cancer activities via targeting c-MET. This study shows the novel ability of OC to suppress LC progression and metastasis through dual targeting of c-MET and COX-2. Western blot analysis and COX enzymatic assay showed significant reduction in the total and activated c-MET levels and inhibition of COX1/2 activity in the lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 and NCI-H322M, in vitro. In addition, OC treatment caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the HGF-induced LC cells migration. Daily oral treatment with 10 mg/kg OC for 8 weeks significantly suppressed the LC A549-Luc progression and prevented metastasis to brain and other organs in a nude mouse tail vein injection model. Further, microarray data of OC-treated lung tumors showed a distinct gene signature that confirmed the dual targeting of c-MET and COX2. Thus, the EVOO-based OC is an effective lead with translational potential for use as a prospective nutraceutical to control LC progression and metastasis.
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Ria R, Melaccio A, Racanelli V, Vacca A. Anti-VEGF Drugs in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1765. [PMID: 32517267 PMCID: PMC7355441 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the bone marrow microenvironment and plasma cells plays an essential role in multiple myeloma progression and drug resistance. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) pathway in vascular endothelial cells activates and promotes angiogenesis. Moreover, VEGF activates and promotes vasculogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry when it interacts with VEGF receptors expressed in precursor cells and inflammatory cells, respectively. In myeloma bone marrow, VEGF and VEGF receptor expression are upregulated and hyperactive in the stromal and tumor cells. It has been demonstrated that several antiangiogenic agents can effectively target VEGF-related pathways in the preclinical phase. However, they are not successful in treating multiple myeloma, probably due to the vicarious action of other cytokines and signaling pathways. Thus, the simultaneous blocking of multiple cytokine pathways, including the VEGF/VEGFR pathway, may represent a valid strategy to treat multiple myeloma. This review aims to summarize recent advances in understanding the role of the VEGF/VEGFR pathway in multiple myeloma, and mainly focuses on the transcription pathway and on strategies that target this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (V.R.); (A.V.)
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64
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Dong X, Yuan L, Yao L. Recurrence of ovarian squamous cell carcinoma with MET gene copy number variation: a case report and review of literature. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:62. [PMID: 32475345 PMCID: PMC7262756 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant transformation such as ovarian squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in ovarian mature cystic teratoma (OMCT) is a rare tumor. The gene mutation of ovarian SCC remains unclear. We herein report a recurrent case of ovarian squamous cell carcinoma with MET gene copy number variation. Case presentation A 60-year-old woman presented with recurrence of ovarian SCC 8 months after primary surgery. Adhesiolysis, right abdominal wall mass excision, prosthetics, enterectomy, enterostomy and partial cystectomy were performed by laparoscope. Pathologic examination demonstrated metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in ileocecus, rectum and abdominal wall muscle. MET gene copy number was elevated with copy number of six in this case. Postoperatively, the patient was treated with four cycles of combination chemotherapy with docetaxel and carboplatin. The patient was free of disease at 20 months’ follow-up. Conclusions Optimal cytoreductive surgery combined with platinum-based chemotherapy is recommended currently for not only primary tumor but also recurrence. For patients with malignant transformation in OMCT, prompt diagnosis and individualized treatment are crucial for better prognosis. Increased copy number of MET may be correlated with her poor PFS and can be a potential therapeutic target for this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 128 Shenyang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 128 Shenyang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangqing Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 128 Shenyang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China.
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Harwardt MLI, Schröder MS, Li Y, Malkusch S, Freund P, Gupta S, Janjic N, Strauss S, Jungmann R, Dietz MS, Heilemann M. Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Microscopy Reveals Heteromeric Complexes of MET and EGFR upon Ligand Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082803. [PMID: 32316583 PMCID: PMC7215329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) orchestrate cell motility and differentiation. Deregulated RTKs may promote cancer and are prime targets for specific inhibitors. Increasing evidence indicates that resistance to inhibitor treatment involves receptor cross-interactions circumventing inhibition of one RTK by activating alternative signaling pathways. Here, we used single-molecule super-resolution microscopy to simultaneously visualize single MET and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) clusters in two cancer cell lines, HeLa and BT-20, in fixed and living cells. We found heteromeric receptor clusters of EGFR and MET in both cell types, promoted by ligand activation. Single-protein tracking experiments in living cells revealed that both MET and EGFR respond to their cognate as well as non-cognate ligands by slower diffusion. In summary, for the first time, we present static as well as dynamic evidence of the presence of heteromeric clusters of MET and EGFR on the cell membrane that correlates with the relative surface expression levels of the two receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lena I.E. Harwardt
- Single Molecule Biophysics, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mark S. Schröder
- Single Molecule Biophysics, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yunqing Li
- Single Molecule Biophysics, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Malkusch
- Single Molecule Biophysics, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Petra Freund
- Single Molecule Biophysics, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Sebastian Strauss
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Ralf Jungmann
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Marina S. Dietz
- Single Molecule Biophysics, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.S.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Single Molecule Biophysics, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.S.D.); (M.H.)
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Hamid AB, Petreaca RC. Secondary Resistant Mutations to Small Molecule Inhibitors in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040927. [PMID: 32283832 PMCID: PMC7226513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary resistant mutations in cancer cells arise in response to certain small molecule inhibitors. These mutations inevitably cause recurrence and often progression to a more aggressive form. Resistant mutations may manifest in various forms. For example, some mutations decrease or abrogate the affinity of the drug for the protein. Others restore the function of the enzyme even in the presence of the inhibitor. In some cases, resistance is acquired through activation of a parallel pathway which bypasses the function of the drug targeted pathway. The Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) produced a compendium of resistant mutations to small molecule inhibitors reported in the literature. Here, we build on these data and provide a comprehensive review of resistant mutations in cancers. We also discuss mechanistic parallels of resistance.
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Xie YH, Chen YX, Fang JY. Comprehensive review of targeted therapy for colorectal cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:22. [PMID: 32296018 PMCID: PMC7082344 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 800] [Impact Index Per Article: 200.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most lethal and prevalent malignancies in the world and was responsible for nearly 881,000 cancer-related deaths in 2018. Surgery and chemotherapy have long been the first choices for cancer patients. However, the prognosis of CRC has never been satisfying, especially for patients with metastatic lesions. Targeted therapy is a new optional approach that has successfully prolonged overall survival for CRC patients. Following successes with the anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) agent cetuximab and the anti-angiogenesis agent bevacizumab, new agents blocking different critical pathways as well as immune checkpoints are emerging at an unprecedented rate. Guidelines worldwide are currently updating the recommended targeted drugs on the basis of the increasing number of high-quality clinical trials. This review provides an overview of existing CRC-targeted agents and their underlying mechanisms, as well as a discussion of their limitations and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hong Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, 200001, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, 200001, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, 200001, Shanghai, China.
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Detection of MET Alterations Using Cell Free DNA and Circulating Tumor Cells from Cancer Patients. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020522. [PMID: 32102486 PMCID: PMC7072825 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MET alterations may provide a potential biomarker to evaluate patients who will benefit from treatment with MET inhibitors. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the utility of a liquid biopsy-based strategy to assess MET alterations in cancer patients. We analyzed MET amplification in circulating free DNA (cfDNA) from 174 patients with cancer and 49 healthy controls and demonstrated the accuracy of the analysis to detect its alteration in patients. Importantly, a significant correlation between cfDNA concentration and MET copy number (CN) in cancer patients (r = 0.57, p <10−10) was determined. Furthermore, we evaluated two approaches to detect the presence of MET on circulating tumor cells (CTCs), using the CellSearch® and Parsortix systems and monitored patients under anti-EGFR treatment (n = 30) combining both cfDNA and CTCs analyses. This follow-up provides evidence for the potential of MET CN assessment when patients develop resistance to anti-EGFR therapy and a significant association between the presence of CTCs MET+ and the Overall Survival (OS) in head and neck cancer patients (P = 0.05; HR = 6.66). In conclusion, we develop specific and noninvasive assays to monitor MET status in cfDNA/CTCs and demonstrate the utility of plasma MET CN determination as a biomarker for monitoring the appearance of resistance to anti-EGFR therapy.
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69
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Large-Scale Virtual Screening Against the MET Kinase Domain Identifies a New Putative Inhibitor Type. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040938. [PMID: 32093126 PMCID: PMC7070486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
By using an ensemble-docking strategy, we undertook a large-scale virtual screening campaign in order to identify new putative hits against the MET kinase target. Following a large molecular dynamics sampling of its conformational space, a set of 45 conformers of the kinase was retained as docking targets to take into account the flexibility of the binding site moieties. Our screening funnel started from about 80,000 chemical compounds to be tested in silico for their potential affinities towards the kinase binding site. The top 100 molecules selected—thanks to the molecular docking results—were further analyzed for their interactions, and 25 of the most promising ligands were tested for their ability to inhibit MET activity in cells. F0514-4011 compound was the most efficient and impaired this scattering response to HGF (Hepatocyte Growth Factor) with an IC50 of 7.2 μM. Interestingly, careful docking analysis of this molecule with MET suggests a possible conformation halfway between classical type-I and type-II MET inhibitors, with an additional region of interaction. This compound could therefore be an innovative seed to be repositioned from its initial antiviral purpose towards the field of MET inhibitors. Altogether, these results validate our ensemble docking strategy as a cost-effective functional method for drug development.
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70
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Thompson LD, Lewis JS, Skálová A, Bishop JA. Don't stop the champions of research now: a brief history of head and neck pathology developments. Hum Pathol 2020; 95:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Westermann L, Olivier AC, Samel C, Eysel P, Herren C, Sircar K, Zarghooni K. Analysis of seven prognostic scores in patients with surgically treated epidural metastatic spine disease. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; 162:109-119. [PMID: 31781995 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-019-04115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognostic scores have been proposed to guide the treatment of patients with metastatic spine disease (MSD), but their accuracy and usefulness are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate seven such prognostic scoring systems. The following prognostic scores were compared: Tomita, Van der Linden (VDL), Bauer modified (BM), Oswestry Spinal Risk Index (OSRI), Tokuhashi original (T90), Tokuhashi revised (TR05), and modified Tokuhashi revised (TR17). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all our patients who underwent surgery for spinal metastases, February 2008-January 2015. We classified all 223 patients into the predicted survival-time categories of each of the 7 scoring systems and then tallied how often this was correct vis-à-vis the actual survival time. Accuracy was also assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis at 1, 3, and 12 months. RESULTS The median (95% CI) survival of the 223 patients was 13.6 (7.9-19.3) months. A groupwise ROC analysis showed sufficient accuracy for 3-month survival only for TR17 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.71) and for 1-year survival for T90 (AUC 0.73), TR05 (AUC 0.76), TR17 (AUC 0.76), Tomita (AUC 0.77), and OSRI (AUC 0.71). A pointwise ROC score analysis showed poor prognostic ability for short-term survival (1 and 3 months) with sufficient accuracy for T90 (AUC 0.71), TR05 (AUC 0.71), TR17 (AUC 0.71), and the Tomita score (AUC 0.77) for 1-year survival. CONCLUSION The TR17 was the only prognostic system with acceptable performance here. More sophisticated assessment tools are required to keep up with present and future changes in tumor diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Westermann
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alain Christoph Olivier
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Christina Samel
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peer Eysel
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Herren
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Krishnan Sircar
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kourosh Zarghooni
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
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Lim ZF, Ma PC. Emerging insights of tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance mechanisms in lung cancer targeted therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:134. [PMID: 31815659 PMCID: PMC6902404 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biggest hurdle to targeted cancer therapy is the inevitable emergence of drug resistance. Tumor cells employ different mechanisms to resist the targeting agent. Most commonly in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer, secondary resistance mutations on the target kinase domain emerge to diminish the binding affinity of first- and second-generation inhibitors. Other alternative resistance mechanisms include activating complementary bypass pathways and phenotypic transformation. Sequential monotherapies promise to temporarily address the problem of acquired drug resistance, but evidently are limited by the tumor cells' ability to adapt and evolve new resistance mechanisms to persist in the drug environment. Recent studies have nominated a model of drug resistance and tumor progression under targeted therapy as a result of a small subpopulation of cells being able to endure the drug (minimal residual disease cells) and eventually develop further mutations that allow them to regrow and become the dominant population in the therapy-resistant tumor. This subpopulation of cells appears to have developed through a subclonal event, resulting in driver mutations different from the driver mutation that is tumor-initiating in the most common ancestor. As such, an understanding of intratumoral heterogeneity-the driving force behind minimal residual disease-is vital for the identification of resistance drivers that results from branching evolution. Currently available methods allow for a more comprehensive and holistic analysis of tumor heterogeneity in that issues associated with spatial and temporal heterogeneity can now be properly addressed. This review provides some background regarding intratumoral heterogeneity and how it leads to incomplete molecular response to targeted therapies, and proposes the use of single-cell methods, sequential liquid biopsy, and multiregion sequencing to discover the link between intratumoral heterogeneity and early adaptive drug resistance. In summary, minimal residual disease as a result of intratumoral heterogeneity is the earliest form of acquired drug resistance. Emerging technologies such as liquid biopsy and single-cell methods allow for studying targetable drivers of minimal residual disease and contribute to preemptive combinatorial targeting of both drivers of the tumor and its minimal residual disease cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuan-Fu Lim
- WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,Cancer Cell Biology Program, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State University, P.O. Box 850, Mail Code CH46, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA
| | - Patrick C Ma
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State University, P.O. Box 850, Mail Code CH46, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA.
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Hiemenz MC, Skrypek MM, Cotter JA, Biegel JA. Novel TRIM24-MET Fusion in a Neonatal Brain Tumor. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:1-6. [DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Hiemenz
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Jennifer A. Cotter
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jaclyn A. Biegel
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Moosavi F, Giovannetti E, Saso L, Firuzi O. HGF/MET pathway aberrations as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in human cancers. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:533-566. [PMID: 31512514 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1653821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. MET tyrosine kinase receptor [MET, c-MET, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor] pathway activation is associated with the appearance of several hallmarks of cancer. The HGF/MET pathway has emerged as an important actionable target across many solid tumors; therefore, biomarker discovery becomes essential in order to guide clinical intervention and patient stratification with the aim of moving towards personalized medicine. The focus of this review is on how the aberrant activation of the HGF/MET pathway in tumor tissue or the circulation can provide diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and predictive biomarkers of drug response. Many meta-analyses have shown that aberrant activation of the MET pathway in tumor tissue, including MET gene overexpression, gene amplification, exon 14 skipping and other activating mutations, is almost invariably associated with shorter survival and poor prognosis. Most meta-analyses have been performed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast, head and neck cancers as well as colorectal, gastric, pancreatic and other gastrointestinal cancers. Furthermore, several studies have shown the predictive value of MET biomarkers in the identification of patients who gain the most benefit from HGF/MET targeted therapies administered as single or combination therapies. The highest predictive values have been observed for response to foretinib and savolitinib in renal cancer, as well as tivantinib in NSCLC and colorectal cancer. However, some studies, especially those based on MET expression, have failed to show much value in these stratifications. This may be rooted in lack of standardization of methodologies, in particular in scoring systems applied in immunohistochemistry determinations or absence of oncogenic addiction of cancer cells to the MET pathway, despite detection of overexpression. Measurements of amplification and mutation aberrations are less likely to suffer from these pitfalls. Increased levels of MET soluble ectodomain (sMET) in circulation have also been associated with poor prognosis; however, the evidence is not as strong as it is with tissue-based biomarkers. As a diagnostic biomarker, sMET has shown its value in distinguishing cancer patients from healthy individuals in prostate and bladder cancers and in melanoma. On the other hand, increased circulating HGF has also been presented as a valuable prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in many cancers; however, there is controversy on the predictive value of HGF as a biomarker. Other biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and tumor HGF levels have also been briefly covered. In conclusion, HGF/MET aberrations can provide valuable diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers and represent vital assets for personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc) , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza Onlus , Pisa , Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Vittorio Erspamer," Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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Tong M, Gao M, Xu Y, Fu L, Li Y, Bao X, Fu H, Quan H, Lou L. SHR-A1403, a novel c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) antibody-drug conjugate, overcomes AZD9291 resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells overexpressing c-Met. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3584-3594. [PMID: 31446643 PMCID: PMC6825016 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have been used as the first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harboring EGFR-activating mutations, but acquired resistance is ubiquitous and needs to be solved urgently. Here, we introduce an effective approach for overcoming resistance to the EGFR-TKI, AZD9291, in NSCLC cells using SHR-A1403, a novel c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met)-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of an anti-c-Met monoclonal antibody (c-Met mAb) conjugated to a microtubule inhibitor. Resistant cells were established by exposing HCC827 to increasing concentrations of EGFR-TKI. c-Met was found to be overexpressed in most resistant cells. AZD9291 resistance was partially restored by combination of AZD9291 and crizotinib only in resistant cells overexpressing phospho-c-Met, which synergistically inhibited c-Met-mediated phosphorylation of the downstream targets ERK1/2 and AKT. In resistant cells overexpressing c-Met, neither crizotinib nor c-Met mAb was able to overcome AZD9291 resistance. In contrast, SHR-A1403 strongly inhibited proliferation of AZD9291-resistant HCC827 overexpressing c-Met, regardless of the levels of c-Met phosphorylation. SHR-A1403 bound to resistant cells overexpressing c-Met was internalized into cells and released associated microtubule inhibitor, resulting in cell-killing activity that was dependent on c-Met expression levels only, irrespective of the involvement of c-Met or EGFR signaling in AZD9291 resistance. Consistent with its activity in vitro, SHR-A1403 significantly inhibited the growth of AZD9291-resistant HCC827 tumors and caused tumor regression in vivo. Thus, our findings show that SHR-A1403 efficiently overcomes AZD9291 resistance in cells overexpressing c-Met, and further indicate that c-Met expression level is a biomarker predictive of SHR-A1403 efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Tong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhao Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongping Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Fu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xubin Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyu Fu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haitian Quan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liguang Lou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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76
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Emerging epigenomic landscapes of pancreatic cancer in the era of precision medicine. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3875. [PMID: 31462645 PMCID: PMC6713756 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies have advanced our understanding of pancreatic cancer at a mechanistic and translational level. Genetic concepts and tools are increasingly starting to be applied to clinical practice, in particular for precision medicine efforts. However, epigenomics is rapidly emerging as a promising conceptual and methodological paradigm for advancing the knowledge of this disease. More importantly, recent studies have uncovered potentially actionable pathways, which support the prediction that future trials for pancreatic cancer will involve the vigorous testing of epigenomic therapeutics. Thus, epigenomics promises to generate a significant amount of new knowledge of both biological and medical importance. In pancreatic cancer, the epigenomic landscape can strongly impact the disease phenotype. Here, the authors discuss recent advances in our understanding of pancreatic cancer epigenomics, and how this knowledge can integrate with precision medicine approaches in this lethal disease.
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77
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High-Risk Multiple Myeloma: Integrated Clinical and Omics Approach Dissects the Neoplastic Clone and the Tumor Microenvironment. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070997. [PMID: 31323969 PMCID: PMC6678140 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous disease that includes a subgroup of 10–15% of patients facing dismal survival despite the most intensive treatment. Despite improvements in biological knowledge, MM is still an incurable neoplasia, and therapeutic options able to overcome the relapsing/refractory behavior represent an unmet clinical need. The aim of this review is to provide an integrated clinical and biological overview of high-risk MM, discussing novel therapeutic perspectives, targeting the neoplastic clone and its microenvironment. The dissection of the molecular determinants of the aggressive phenotypes and drug-resistance can foster a better tailored clinical management of the high-risk profile and therapy-refractoriness. Among the current clinical difficulties in MM, patients’ management by manipulating the tumor niche represents a major challenge. The angiogenesis and the stromal infiltrate constitute pivotal mechanisms of a mutual collaboration between MM and the non-tumoral counterpart. Immuno-modulatory and anti-angiogenic therapy hold great efficacy, but variable and unpredictable responses in high-risk MM. The comprehensive understanding of the genetic heterogeneity and MM high-risk ecosystem enforce a systematic bench-to-bedside approach. Here, we provide a broad outlook of novel druggable targets. We also summarize the existing multi-omics-based risk profiling tools, in order to better select candidates for dual immune/vasculogenesis targeting.
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78
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Bello-Monroy O, Mata-Espinosa D, Enríquez-Cortina C, Souza V, Miranda RU, Bucio L, Barrios-Payán J, Marquina-Castillo B, Rodríguez-Ochoa I, Rosales P, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Hernández-Pando R, Gomez-Quiroz LE. Hepatocyte growth factor enhances the clearance of a multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain by high doses of conventional chemotherapy, preserving liver function. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1637-1648. [PMID: 31283037 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in humankind history. Although, drug sensible TB is slowly decreasing, at present the rise of TB cases produced by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant strains is a big challenge. Thus, looking for new therapeutic options against these MDR strains is mandatory. In the present work, we studied, in BALB/c mice infected with MDR strain, the therapeutic effect of supra-pharmacological doses of the conventional primary antibiotics rifampicin and isoniazid (administrated by gavage or intratracheal routes), in combination with recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). This high dose of antibiotics administered for 3 months, overcome the resistant threshold of the MDR strain producing a significant reduction of pulmonary bacillary loads but induced liver damage, which was totally prevented by the administration of HGF. To address the long-term efficiency of this combined treatment, groups of animals after 1 month of treatment termination were immunosuppressed by glucocorticoid administration and, after 1 month, mice were euthanized, and the bacillary load was determined in lungs. In comparison with animals treated only with a high dose of antibiotics, animals that received the combined treatment showed significantly lower bacterial burdens. Thus, treatment of MDR-TB with very high doses of primary antibiotics particularly administrated by aerial route can produce a very good therapeutic effect, and its hepatic toxicity can be prevented by the administration of HGF, becoming in a new treatment modality for MDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Bello-Monroy
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristina Enríquez-Cortina
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Souza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana U Miranda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Bucio
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payán
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Marquina-Castillo
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Rosales
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Concepción Gutiérrez-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Enrique Gomez-Quiroz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
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79
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Yang CY, Wang L, Sun X, Tang M, Quan HT, Zhang LS, Lou LG, Gou SH. SHR-A1403, a novel c-Met antibody-drug conjugate, exerts encouraging anti-tumor activity in c-Met-overexpressing models. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:971-979. [PMID: 30643210 PMCID: PMC6786420 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that a c-Met antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) has superior efficacy and safety profiles compared with those of currently available small molecules or antibody inhibitors for the treatment of c-Met-overexpressing cancers. Here we described both the in vitro and in vivo efficacies of SHR-A1403, a novel c-Met ADC composed of a humanized IgG2 monoclonal antibody against c-Met conjugated to a novel cytotoxic microtubule inhibitor. SHR-A1403 showed high affinity to c-Met proteins derived from human or monkey and potent inhibitory effects in cancer cell lines with high c-Met protein expression. In mice bearing tumors derived from cancer cell lines or patient HCC tissues with confirmed c-Met overexpression, SHR-A1403 showed excellent anti-tumor efficacy. Antibody binding with c-Met contributed to SHR-A1403 endocytosis; the subsequent translocation to lysosomes and cytotoxicity of the released toxin are speculated to be predominant mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor activity of SHR-A1403. In conclusion, SHR-A1403 showed significant anti-tumor activity in cancer cell lines, xenograft mouse models and an HCC PDX model, which all have high c-Met levels. These data provide references for SHR-A1403 as a potential therapy for the treatment of cancers with c-Met overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yong Yang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, China
| | - Mi Tang
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, China
| | - Hai-Tian Quan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lian-Shan Zhang
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, China
| | - Li-Guang Lou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shao-Hua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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80
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Xu X, Zhang G, He L, Zhu Y. Clinicopathological impacts of c-Met overexpression in bladder cancer: evidence from 1,336 cases. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2695-2702. [PMID: 31114223 PMCID: PMC6497828 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s197540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The clinicopathological impacts of c-Met overexpression in bladder cancer have been investigated in several studies with conflicting results. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the pathologic and prognostic roles of c-Met status in bladder cancer patients. Methods: Eligible studies were searched and identified from the PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases (up until October 4, 2018). The DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled risk estimates. Results: Eight studies including 1,336 bladder cancer cases were eventually included in this meta-analysis. We detected a significantly increased risk of poor overall survival (OS) associated with the high expression of c-Met (HR=2.42, 95% CI 1.36-4.32). There was no association between c-Met status and nuclear grade (OR=0.82, 95% CI 0.29-2.31) or tumor stage (OR=1.42, 95% CI 0.41-4.89). Conclusion: This study shows that the overexpression of c-Met in primary cancer tissues is associated with a worse OS in human bladder cancer. However, larger studies using standardized methods and criteria are warranted to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shangyu, Shangyu 312300, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liujia He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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81
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Alonso-Gordoa T, García-Bermejo ML, Grande E, Garrido P, Carrato A, Molina-Cerrillo J. Targeting Tyrosine kinases in Renal Cell Carcinoma: "New Bullets against Old Guys". Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1901. [PMID: 30999623 PMCID: PMC6515337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the seventh most frequently diagnosed tumor in adults in Europe and represents approximately 2.5% of cancer deaths. The molecular biology underlying renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression has been a key milestone in the management of this type of tumor. The discovery of Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene alterations that arouse in 50% of ccRCC patients, leads the identification of an intracellular accumulation of HIF and, consequently an increase of VEGFR expression. This change in cell biology represents a new paradigm in the treatment of metastatic renal cancer by targeting angiogenesis. Currently, there are multiple therapeutic drugs available for advanced disease, including therapies against VEGFR with successful results in patients´ survival. Other tyrosine kinases' pathways, including PDGFR, Axl or MET have emerged as key signaling pathways involved in RCC biology. Indeed, promising new drugs targeting those tyrosine kinases have exhibited outstanding efficacy. In this review we aim to present an overview of the central role of these tyrosine kinases' activities in relevant biological processes for kidney cancer and their usefulness in RCC targeted therapy development. In the immunotherapy era, angiogenesis is still an "old guy" that the medical community is trying to fight using "new bullets".
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Alonso-Gordoa
- Medical Oncology Department, The Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), CIBERONC, Alcalá University, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Laura García-Bermejo
- Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Group and Core Facility, Ramón y Cajal Research Institute, (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enrique Grande
- Medical Oncology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Garrido
- Medical Oncology Department, The Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), CIBERONC, Alcalá University, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS). CIBERONC, Alcalá University, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Molina-Cerrillo
- Medical Oncology Department, The Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), CIBERONC, Alcalá University, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
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82
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Juiz NA, Iovanna J, Dusetti N. Pancreatic Cancer Heterogeneity Can Be Explained Beyond the Genome. Front Oncol 2019; 9:246. [PMID: 31024848 PMCID: PMC6460948 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a major health problem because it induces almost systematic mortality. Carcinogenesis begins with genetic aberrations which trigger epigenetic modifications. While genetic mutations initiate tumorigenesis, they are unable to explain the vast heterogeneity observed among PDAC patients. Instead, epigenetic changes drive transcriptomic alterations that can regulate the malignant phenotype. The contribution of factors from the environment and tumor microenvironment defines different epigenetic landscapes that outline two clinical subtypes: basal, with the worst prognosis, and classical. The epigenetic nature of PDAC, as a reversible phenomenon, encouraged several studies to test epidrugs. However, these drugs lack specificity and although there are epigenetic patterns shared by all PDAC tumors, there are others that are specific to each subtype. Molecular characterization of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying PDAC heterogeneity could be an invaluable tool to predict personalized therapies, stratify patients and search for novel therapies with more specific phenotype-based targets. Novel therapeutic strategies using current anticancer compounds or existing drugs used in other pathologies, alone or in combination, could be used to kill tumor cells or convert aggressive tumors into a more benign phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Anahi Juiz
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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83
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Andres F, Iamele L, Meyer T, Stüber JC, Kast F, Gherardi E, Niemann HH, Plückthun A. Inhibition of the MET Kinase Activity and Cell Growth in MET-Addicted Cancer Cells by Bi-Paratopic Linking. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2020-2039. [PMID: 30930049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MET, the product of the c-MET proto-oncogene, and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) control survival, proliferation and migration during development and tissue regeneration. HGF/SF-MET signaling is equally crucial for growth and metastasis of a variety of human tumors, but resistance to small-molecule inhibitors of MET kinase develops rapidly and therapeutic antibody targeting remains challenging. We made use of the designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) technology to develop an alternative approach for inhibiting MET. We generated a collection of MET-binding DARPins covering epitopes in the extracellular MET domains and created comprehensive sets of bi-paratopic fusion proteins. This new class of molecules efficiently inhibited MET kinase activity and downstream signaling, caused receptor downregulation and strongly inhibited the proliferation of MET-dependent gastric carcinoma cells carrying MET locus amplifications. MET-specific bi-paratopic DARPins may represent a novel and potent strategy for therapeutic targeting of MET and other receptors, and this study has elucidated their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Andres
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Iamele
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Timo Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Germany
| | - Jakob C Stüber
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kast
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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84
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García-Aranda M, Redondo M. Targeting Receptor Kinases in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040433. [PMID: 30934752 PMCID: PMC6521260 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy in men and the second most common cancer in women. Despite the success of screening programs and the development of adjuvant therapies, the global burden of colorectal cancer is expected to increase by 60% to more than 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million deaths by 2030. In recent years, a great effort has been made to demonstrate the utility of protein kinase inhibitors for cancer treatment. Considering this heterogeneous disease is defined by mutations that activate different Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) and affect downstream components of RTK-activated transduction pathways, in this review we analyze the potential utility of different kinase inhibitors for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilina García-Aranda
- Research Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol. Autovía A7, km 187. 29603 Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Maximino Redondo
- Research Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol. Autovía A7, km 187. 29603 Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
- Facultad de Medicina, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
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85
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Han Y, Chen MK, Wang HL, Hsu JL, Li CW, Chu YY, Liu CX, Nie L, Chan LC, Yam C, Wang SC, He GJ, Hortobagyi GN, Tan XD, Hung MC. Synergism of PARP inhibitor fluzoparib (HS10160) and MET inhibitor HS10241 in breast and ovarian cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:608-618. [PMID: 30949414 PMCID: PMC6448061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) are promising targeted therapeutics for breast and ovarian cancers bearing a germline BRCA1/2 mutation (BRCA m), and several have already received regulatory approval in the United States. In patients with a BRCA m cancer, PARPi can increase the burden of unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks by blocking PARP activity and trapping PARP1 onto damaged DNA. Resistance to PARP inhibitors can block the formation of DNA double-strand breaks through BRCA-related DNA repair pathway. MET is a hyper-activated receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in multiple cancer types and the activation contributes to resistance to DNA damage-inducing therapeutic drugs. Our previous study showed that MET inhibition by pan-kinase inhibitors has synergism with PARPi in suppressing growth of breast cancer in vitro and in xenograft tumor models. In this study, we validated the inhibitory effect of novel inhibitors, HS10241 (selective MET inhibitor) and HS10160 (PARPi), to their target respectively in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cells. We further demonstrated that these two inhibitors function synergistically in eliminating TNBC and HGSOC cells; combining with HS10241 increased DNA double-strand breaks induced by HS10160 in cancer cells; and PARP1 tyrosine (Y)-907 phosphorylation (PARP1 p-Y907) can be an effective biomarker as an indicator of MET-mediated PARPi in HGSOC. Our results suggest that the combination of HS10241 and HS10160 may benefit patients bearing tumors overexpressing MET as well as those resistant to single-agent PARPi treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Han
- Department of Second Breast Surgery, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing HospitalShenyang, P. R. China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Mei-Kuang Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Univeristy of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hung-Ling Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Yi Chu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Chun-Xiao Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Nie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Li-Chuan Chan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Univeristy of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Clinton Yam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Univeristy of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Gui-Jin He
- Department of Second Breast Surgery, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing HospitalShenyang, P. R. China
| | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Tan
- Department of Thyroid and Pancreatic Surgery, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing HospitalShenyang, P. R. China
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Univeristy of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung 40447, Taiwan
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86
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Arshad F, Khan MF, Akhtar W, Alam MM, Nainwal LM, Kaushik SK, Akhter M, Parvez S, Hasan SM, Shaquiquzzaman M. Revealing quinquennial anticancer journey of morpholine: A SAR based review. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:324-356. [PMID: 30776694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Morpholine, a six-membered heterocycle containing one nitrogen and one oxygen atom, is a moiety of great significance. It forms an important intermediate in many industrial and organic syntheses. Morpholine containing drugs are of high therapeutic value. Its wide array of pharmacological activity includes anti-diabetic, anti-emetic, growth stimulant, anti-depressant, bronchodilator and anticancer. Multi-drug resistance in cancer cases have emerged in the last few years and have led to the failure of many chemotherapeutic drugs. Newer treatment methods and drugs are being developed to overcome this problem. Target based drug discovery is an effective method to develop novel anticancer drugs. To develop newer drugs, previously reported work needs to be studied. Keeping this in mind, last five year's literature on morpholine used as anticancer agents has been reviewed and summarized in the paper herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Arshad
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohemmed Faraz Khan
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Lalit Mohan Nainwal
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Kaushik
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | | | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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87
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Puccini A, Marín-Ramos NI, Bergamo F, Schirripa M, Lonardi S, Lenz HJ, Loupakis F, Battaglin F. Safety and Tolerability of c-MET Inhibitors in Cancer. Drug Saf 2019; 42:211-233. [PMID: 30649748 PMCID: PMC7491978 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of aberrant hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET, also known as tyrosine-protein kinase MET)/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling in cancer progression and invasion has been extensively studied. c-MET inhibitors have shown promising pre-clinical and early phase clinical trial anti-tumor activity in several tumor types, although results of most phase III trials with these agents have been negative. To date, two small molecule c-MET inhibitors, cabozantinib and crizotinib, have been approved by regulatory authorities for the treatment of selected cancer types, but several novel c-MET inhibitors (either monoclonal antibodies or small molecule c-MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and treatment combinations are currently under study in different settings. Here we provide an overview of the mechanism of action and rationale of c-MET inhibition in cancer, the efficacy of approved agents, and novel promising c-MET-inhibitors and novel targeted combination strategies under development in different cancer types, with a focus on the safety profile and tolerability of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Puccini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 5410, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nagore I Marín-Ramos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Bergamo
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Schirripa
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 5410, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Battaglin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 5410, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
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88
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Kim S, Lee H, Noh J, Lee Y, Han H, Yoo DK, Kim H, Kwon S, Chung J. Efficient Selection of Antibodies Reactive to Homologous Epitopes on Human and Mouse Hepatocyte Growth Factors by Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Analysis of the B Cell Repertoire. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E417. [PMID: 30669409 PMCID: PMC6359367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
: YYB-101 is a humanized rabbit anti-human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-neutralizing antibody currently in clinical trial. To test the effect of HGF neutralization with antibody on anti-cancer T cell immunity, we generated surrogate antibodies that are reactive to the mouse homologue of the epitope targeted by YYB-101. First, we immunized a chicken with human HGF and monitored changes in the B cell repertoire by next-generation sequencing (NGS). We then extracted the VH gene repertoire from the NGS data, clustered it into components by sequence homology, and classified the components by the change in the number of unique VH sequences and the frequencies of the VH sequences within each component following immunization. Those changes should accompany the preferential proliferation and somatic hypermutation or gene conversion of B cells encoding HGF-reactive antibodies. One component showed significant increases in the number and frequencies of unique VH sequences and harbored genes encoding antibodies that were reactive to human HGF and competitive with YYB-101 for HGF binding. Some of the antibodies also reacted to mouse HGF. The selected VH sequences shared 98.3% identity and 98.9% amino acid similarity. It is therefore likely that the antibodies encoded by them all react to the epitope targeted by YYB-101.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Korea.
| | - Hyunho Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jinsung Noh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Yonghee Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Haejun Han
- Celemics, Inc., 131 Gasandigital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08506, Korea.
| | - Duck Kyun Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Korea.
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 00380, Korea.
| | - Hyori Kim
- Convergence medicine research center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 00380, Korea.
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89
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Yang C, Zhao X, Sun X, Li J, Wang W, Zhang L, Gou S. Preclinical pharmacokinetics of a novel anti-c-Met antibody–drug conjugate, SHR-A1403, in rodents and non-human primates. Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1097-1105. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1534030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Yang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- Shanghai InnoStar Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Shanghai InnoStar Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang Wang
- Shanghai InnoStar Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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90
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met is involved in the formation, metastasis and invasion of various malignant tumors thus it has been an attractive target for anti-tumor drug designing. Many compositions targeting c-Met have been developed in pharmaceutical industry for cancer therapy and some of them are in clinical study now. Among them, Crizotinib was the first small molecular inhibitor approved by FDA in 2011. AREAS COVERED This review briefly summarizes the signal transduction pathway about c-Met, its role in oncogenesis, most recent patents of small-molecule inhibitors and antibodies of c-Met from 2014 to 2017. EXPERT OPINION To date, some c-Met inhibitors have been launched in the market. In addition, their clinical performances have shown encouraging value in cancer therapy. Many potential agents are still in preclinical or clinical study now and achieve some promising progressions. Some patients have developed resistance to c-Met inhibitors which results in the need to develop inhibitors with novel structures. Development of several potent drugs also tends to be pharmacodynamically active against multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wen Zhang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Zi-Dan Ye
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P. R. China
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91
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Papaccio F, Della Corte CM, Viscardi G, Di Liello R, Esposito G, Sparano F, Ciardiello F, Morgillo F. HGF/MET and the Immune System: Relevance for Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3595. [PMID: 30441809 PMCID: PMC6274701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An overactivation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) axis promotes tumorigenesis and tumor progression in various cancer types. Research data recently evidenced that HGF/MET signaling is also involved also in the immune response, mainly modulating dendritic cells functions. In general, the pathway seems to play an immunosuppressive role, thus hypothesizing that it could constitute a mechanism of primary and acquired resistance to cancer immunotherapy. Recently, some approaches are being developed, including drug design and cell therapy to combine MET and programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death receptor-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibition. This approach could represent a new weapon in cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Papaccio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Pansini n.5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carminia Maria Della Corte
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Pansini n.5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Viscardi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Pansini n.5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Raimondo Di Liello
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Pansini n.5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Esposito
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Pansini n.5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesca Sparano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Pansini n.5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Pansini n.5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Floriana Morgillo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Pansini n.5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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92
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Rashed WM. C-MET as a potential target therapy toward personalized therapy in some pediatric tumors: An overview. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 131:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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93
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HGF/c-MET: A Promising Therapeutic Target in the Digestive System Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113295. [PMID: 30360560 PMCID: PMC6274736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The HGF/c-MET pathway is active in the development of digestive system cancers, indicating that inhibition of HGF/c-MET signaling may have therapeutic potential. Various HGF/c-MET signaling inhibitors, mainly c-MET inhibitors, have been tested in clinical trials. The observed efficacy and adverse events of some c-MET inhibitors were not very suitable for treating digestive system cancers. The development of new HGF/c-MET inhibitors in preclinical studies may bring promising treatments and synergistic combination (traditional anticancer drugs and c-MET inhibitors) strategies provided anacceptable safety and tolerability. Insights into miRNA biology and miRNA therapeutics have made miRNAs attractive tools to inhibit HGF/c-MET signaling. Recent reports show that several microRNAs participate in inhibiting HGF/c-MET signaling networks through antagonizing c-MET or HGF in digestive system cancers, and the miRNAs-HGF/c-MET axis plays crucial and novel roles for cancer treatment. In the current review, we will discuss recent findings about inhibitors of HGF/c-MET signaling in treating digestive system cancers, and how miRNAs regulate digestive system cancers via mediating HGF/c-MET pathway.
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94
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Shimazu K, Inoue M, Sugiyama S, Fukuda K, Yoshida T, Taguchi D, Uehara Y, Kuriyama S, Tanaka M, Miura M, Nanjyo H, Iwabuchi Y, Shibata H. Curcumin analog, GO-Y078, overcomes resistance to tumor angiogenesis inhibitors. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3285-3293. [PMID: 30024080 PMCID: PMC6172066 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis inhibition is one of the most potent strategies in cancer chemotherapy. From past clinical studies, inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway successfully treats malignant tumors. However, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors alone cannot cure tumors. Moreover, resistance to small molecule inhibitors has also been reported. Herein, we show the antiangiogenic potential of a newly synthesized curcumin analog, GO-Y078, that possibly functions through inhibition of actin stress fiber formation, resulting in mobility inhibition; this mechanism is different from that of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition. In addition, we examined the detailed mechanism of action of the antiangiogenesis potential of GO-Y078 using human umbilical venous epithelial cells resistant to angiogenesis inhibitors (HUVEC-R). GO-Y078 inhibited the growth and mobility of HUVEC-R at 0.75 μmol/L concentration. Expression analyses by microarray and RT-PCR showed that expressions of genes including that of fibronectin 1 were significantly suppressed. Among these genes, fibronectin 1 is abundantly expressed and, therefore, seems to be a good target for GO-Y078. In a knockdown experiment using Si-oligo of fibronectin 1 (FN1), FN1 expression was decreased to half of that in mock experiments as well as GO-Y078. Knockdown of FN1 resulted in the suppression of HUVEC-R growth at 24 hours after treatment. Fibronectin is a key molecule contributing to angiogenesis that could be inhibited by GO-Y078. Thus, resistance to vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition can be overcome using GO-Y078.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Shimazu
- Department of Clinical OncologyGraduate School of MedicineAkita UniversityAkitaJapan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Clinical OncologyGraduate School of MedicineAkita UniversityAkitaJapan
| | | | - Koji Fukuda
- Department of Clinical OncologyGraduate School of MedicineAkita UniversityAkitaJapan
| | - Taichi Yoshida
- Department of Clinical OncologyGraduate School of MedicineAkita UniversityAkitaJapan
| | - Daiki Taguchi
- Department of Clinical OncologyGraduate School of MedicineAkita UniversityAkitaJapan
| | | | - Sei Kuriyama
- Department of Molecular Medicine and BiochemistryAkita UniversityAkitaJapan
| | - Masamitsu Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and BiochemistryAkita UniversityAkitaJapan
| | - Masatomo Miura
- Department of PharmacyAkita University HospitalAkitaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Nanjyo
- Department of Clinical PathologyAkita University HospitalAkitaJapan
| | - Yoshiharu Iwabuchi
- Department of Organic ChemistryGraduate School of PharmaceuticsTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Shibata
- Department of Clinical OncologyGraduate School of MedicineAkita UniversityAkitaJapan
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95
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Awad RM, De Vlaeminck Y, Maebe J, Goyvaerts C, Breckpot K. Turn Back the TIMe: Targeting Tumor Infiltrating Myeloid Cells to Revert Cancer Progression. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1977. [PMID: 30233579 PMCID: PMC6127274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells frequently produce soluble factors that favor myelopoiesis and recruitment of myeloid cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Consequently, the TME of many cancer types is characterized by high infiltration of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and granulocytes. Experimental and clinical studies show that most myeloid cells are kept in an immature state in the TME. These studies further show that tumor-derived factors mold these myeloid cells into cells that support cancer initiation and progression, amongst others by enabling immune evasion, tumor cell survival, proliferation, migration and metastasis. The key role of myeloid cells in cancer is further evidenced by the fact that they negatively impact on virtually all types of cancer therapy. Therefore, tumor-associated myeloid cells have been designated as the culprits in cancer. We review myeloid cells in the TME with a focus on the mechanisms they exploit to support cancer cells. In addition, we provide an overview of approaches that are under investigation to deplete myeloid cells or redirect their function, as these hold promise to overcome resistance to current cancer therapies.
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96
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Matos AM, Gomes-Duarte A, Faria M, Barros P, Jordan P, Amaral MD, Matos P. Prolonged co-treatment with HGF sustains epithelial integrity and improves pharmacological rescue of Phe508del-CFTR. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13026. [PMID: 30158635 PMCID: PMC6115363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common inherited disease in Caucasians, is caused by mutations in the CFTR chloride channel, the most frequent of which is Phe508del. Phe508del causes not only intracellular retention and premature degradation of the mutant CFTR protein, but also defective channel gating and decreased half-life when experimentally rescued to the plasma membrane (PM). Despite recent successes in the functional rescue of several CFTR mutations with small-molecule drugs, the folding-corrector/gating-potentiator drug combinations approved for Phe508del-CFTR homozygous patients have shown only modest benefit. Several factors have been shown to contribute to this outcome, including an unexpected intensification of corrector-rescued Phe508del-CFTR PM instability after persistent co-treatment with potentiator drugs. We have previously shown that acute co-treatment with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) can significantly enhance the chemical correction of Phe508del-CFTR. HGF coaxes the anchoring of rescued channels to the actin cytoskeleton via induction of RAC1 GTPase signalling. Here, we demonstrate that a prolonged, 15-day HGF treatment also significantly improves the functional rescue of Phe508del-CFTR by the VX-809 corrector/VX-770 potentiator combination, in polarized bronchial epithelial monolayers. Importantly, we found that HGF treatment also prevented VX-770-mediated destabilization of rescued Phe508del-CFTR and enabled further potentiation of the rescued channels. Most strikingly, prolonged HGF treatment prevented previously unrecognized epithelial dedifferentiation effects of sustained exposure to VX-809. This was observed in epithelium-like monolayers from both lung and intestinal origin, representing the two systems most affected by adverse symptoms in patients treated with VX-809 or the VX-809/VX-770 combination. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that co-administration of HGF with corrector/potentiator drugs could be beneficial for CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Matos
- Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute 'Dr. Ricardo Jorge', Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal.,University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande - C8, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Gomes-Duarte
- Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute 'Dr. Ricardo Jorge', Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal.,University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande - C8, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Márcia Faria
- Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute 'Dr. Ricardo Jorge', Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal.,University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande - C8, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.,Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, do CHLN - Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Barros
- Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute 'Dr. Ricardo Jorge', Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal.,University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande - C8, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter Jordan
- Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute 'Dr. Ricardo Jorge', Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal.,University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande - C8, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande - C8, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matos
- Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute 'Dr. Ricardo Jorge', Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal. .,University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande - C8, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Garinet S, Laurent-Puig P, Blons H, Oudart JB. Current and Future Molecular Testing in NSCLC, What Can We Expect from New Sequencing Technologies? J Clin Med 2018; 7:E144. [PMID: 29890761 PMCID: PMC6024886 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7060144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent changes in lung cancer care, including new approvals in first line and the introduction of high-throughput molecular technologies in routine testing led us to question ourselves on how deeper molecular testing may be helpful for the optimal use of targeted drugs. In this article, we review recent results in the scope of personalized medicine in lung cancer. We discuss biomarkers that have a therapeutic predictive value in lung cancer with a focus on recent changes and on the clinical value of large scale sequencing strategies. We review the use of second- and third-generation EGFR and ALK inhibitors with a focus on secondary resistance alterations. We discuss anti-BRAF and anti-MEK combo, emerging biomarkers as NRG1 and NTRKs fusions and immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the different technical issues of comprehensive molecular profiling and show how large screenings might refine the prediction value of individual markers. Based on a review of recent publications (2012⁻2018), we address promising approaches for the treatment of patients with lung cancers and the technical challenges associated with the identification of new predictive markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Garinet
- INSERM UMR-S1147, Paris Sorbonne Cite University, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
- Department of Biochemistry, Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Molecular Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- INSERM UMR-S1147, Paris Sorbonne Cite University, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
- Department of Biochemistry, Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Molecular Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Hélène Blons
- INSERM UMR-S1147, Paris Sorbonne Cite University, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
- Department of Biochemistry, Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Molecular Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Oudart
- Department of Biochemistry, Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Molecular Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.
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Lee SJ, Lee J, Park SH, Park JO, Lim HY, Kang WK, Park YS, Kim ST. c-MET Overexpression in Colorectal Cancer: A Poor Prognostic Factor for Survival. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2018; 17:165-169. [PMID: 29576428 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor gene (c-MET) expression in several human malignancies is related to increased tumor progression and is a new potential drug target for several types of cancers. In the present study, we investigated the incidence of c-MET overexpression and its prognostic significance in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data from 255 stage IV CRC patients who had results from a c-MET immunohistochemical test at Samsung Medical Center. We explored the relationships between c-MET overexpression and clinicopathological features and survival. RESULTS Primary tumor sites were 67 right-sided colon, 98 left-sided colon, and 90 rectum. Forty-two patients (16.7%) had poorly differentiated or mucinous carcinoma. Among the 255 patients, 39 (15.3%) exhibited c-MET overexpression. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of c-MET overexpression according to primary site, histologic differentiation, molecular markers, or metastatic sites. In a comparison of the tumor response to first-line chemotherapy according to the level of c-MET expression, we found no significant difference in either partial response or disease control rate. In the survival analysis, patients with c-MET overexpression had significantly shorter overall survival (39 vs. 27 months; P = .018) and progression-free survival (PFS) during bevacizumab treatment (10 vs. 7 months; P = .024). CONCLUSION c-MET overexpression, which was detected in 39 CRC patients (15.3%) irrespective of primary sites or molecular markers, indicated a poor survival prognosis and predicted shorter PFS during bevacizumab treatment in patients with CRC. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the value of c-MET-targeted therapy in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Suk Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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