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Abrogation of EMILIN1-β1 integrin interaction promotes experimental colitis and colon carcinogenesis. Matrix Biol 2019; 83:97-115. [PMID: 31479698 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the first tumor types where a functional link between inflammation and tumor onset has been described; however, the microenvironmental cues affecting colon cancer progression are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the expression of the ECM molecule EMILIN-1 halts the development of AOM-DSS induced tumors. In fact, upon AOM-DSS treatment the Emilin1-/- (E1-/-) mice were characterized by a higher tumor incidence, bigger adenomas and less survival. Similar results were obtained with the E933A EMILIN-1 (E1-E933A) transgenic mouse model, expressing a mutant EMILIN-1 unable to interact with α4/α9β1 integrins. Interestingly, upon chronic treatment with DSS, E1-/- and E1-E933A mice were characterized by the presence of increased inflammatory infiltrates, higher colitis scores and more severe mucosal injury respect to the wild type (E1+/+) mice. Since alterations of the intestinal lymphatic network are a well-established feature of human inflammatory bowel disease and EMILIN-1 is a key structural element in the maintenance of the integrity of lymphatic vessels, we assessed the lymphatic vasculature in this context. The analyses revealed that both E1-/- and E1-E933A mice displayed a higher density of LYVE-1 positive vessels; however, their functionality was severely compromised after colitis induction. Taken together, these results suggest that the loss of EMILIN-1 expression may cause the reduction of the inflammatory resolution during colon cancer progression due to a decreased lymph flow and impaired inflammatory cell drainage.
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Louzao-Martinez L, van Dijk CG, Xu YJ, Korn A, Bekker NJ, Brouwhuis R, Nicese MN, Demmers JA, Goumans MJT, Masereeuw R, Duncker DJ, Verhaar MC, Cheng C. A proteome comparison between human fetal and mature renal extracellular matrix identifies EMILIN1 as a regulator of renal epithelial cell adhesion. Matrix Biol Plus 2019; 4:100011. [PMID: 33543009 PMCID: PMC7852202 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2019.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based approaches using tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to replace damaged renal tissue with 3D constructs is a promising emerging therapy for kidney disease. Besides living cells, a template provided by a scaffold based on biomaterials and bioactive factors is needed for successful kidney engineering. Nature's own template for a scaffolding system is the extracellular matrix (ECM). Research has focused on mapping the mature renal ECM; however, the developing fetal ECM matches more the active environment required in 3D renal constructs. Here, we characterized the differences between the human fetal and mature renal ECM using spectrometry-based proteomics of decellularized tissue. We identified 99 different renal ECM proteins of which the majority forms an overlapping core, but also includes proteins enriched in either the fetal or mature ECM. Relative protein quantification showed a significant dominance of EMILIN1 in the fetal ECM. We functionally tested the role of EMILIN1 in the ECM using a novel methodology that permits the reliable anchorage of native cell-secreted ECM to glass coverslips. Depletion of EMILIN1 from the ECM layer using siRNA mediated knock-down technologies does not affect renal epithelial cell growth, but does promote migration. Lack of EMILIN1 in the ECM layer reduces the adhesion strength of renal epithelial cells, shown by a decrease in focal adhesion points and associated stress fibers. We showed in this study the importance of a human renal fetal and mature ECM catalogue for identifying promising ECM components that have high implementation potential in scaffolds for 3D renal constructs. Proteomics revealed the differences between the renal fetal and mature extracellular matrix. EMILIN1 has a significant dominance in the fetal extracellular matrix. EMILIN1 depletion from the extracellular matrix reduces the adhesion strength and promotes migration of renal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Louzao-Martinez
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian G.M. van Dijk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yan Juan Xu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amber Korn
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas J. Bekker
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Romi Brouwhuis
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Novella Nicese
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Duncker
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne C. Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author at: Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands, Experimental Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Gabriela Espinosa M, Catalin Staiculescu M, Kim J, Marin E, Wagenseil JE. Elastic Fibers and Large Artery Mechanics in Animal Models of Development and Disease. J Biomech Eng 2019; 140:2666245. [PMID: 29222533 DOI: 10.1115/1.4038704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of a closed circulatory system requires that large arteries adapt to the mechanical demands of high, pulsatile pressure. Elastin and collagen uniquely address these design criteria in the low and high stress regimes, resulting in a nonlinear mechanical response. Elastin is the core component of elastic fibers, which provide the artery wall with energy storage and recoil. The integrity of the elastic fiber network is affected by component insufficiency or disorganization, leading to an array of vascular pathologies and compromised mechanical behavior. In this review, we discuss how elastic fibers are formed and how they adapt in development and disease. We discuss elastic fiber contributions to arterial mechanical behavior and remodeling. We primarily present data from mouse models with elastic fiber deficiencies, but suggest that alternate small animal models may have unique experimental advantages and the potential to provide new insights. Advanced ultrastructural and biomechanical data are constantly being used to update computational models of arterial mechanics. We discuss the progression from early phenomenological models to microstructurally motivated strain energy functions for both collagen and elastic fiber networks. Although many current models individually account for arterial adaptation, complex geometries, and fluid-solid interactions (FSIs), future models will need to include an even greater number of factors and interactions in the complex system. Among these factors, we identify the need to revisit the role of time dependence and axial growth and remodeling in large artery mechanics, especially in cardiovascular diseases that affect the mechanical integrity of the elastic fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jungsil Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Eric Marin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, , St. Louis, MO 63130 e-mail:
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Ramaswamy AK, Vorp DA, Weinbaum JS. Functional Vascular Tissue Engineering Inspired by Matricellular Proteins. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:74. [PMID: 31214600 PMCID: PMC6554335 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering specifically, has benefited from a greater appreciation of the native extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibronectin, collagen, and elastin have entered the tissue engineer's toolkit; however, as fully decellularized biomaterials have come to the forefront in vascular engineering it has become apparent that the ECM is comprised of more than just fibronectin, collagen, and elastin, and that cell-instructive molecules known as matricellular proteins are critical for desired outcomes. In brief, matricellular proteins are ECM constituents that contrast with the canonical structural proteins of the ECM in that their primary role is to interact with the cell. Of late, matricellular genes have been linked to diseases including connective tissue disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Despite the range of biological activities, this class of biomolecules has not been actively used in the field of regenerative medicine. The intent of this review is to bring matricellular proteins into wider use in the context of vascular tissue engineering. Matricellular proteins orchestrate the formation of new collagen and elastin fibers that have proper mechanical properties-these will be essential components for a fully biological small diameter tissue engineered vascular graft (TEVG). Matricellular proteins also regulate the initiation of thrombosis via fibrin deposition and platelet activation, and the clearance of thrombus when it is no longer needed-proper regulation of thrombosis will be critical for maintaining patency of a TEVG after implantation. Matricellular proteins regulate the adhesion, migration, and proliferation of endothelial cells-all are biological functions that will be critical for formation of a thrombus-resistant endothelium within a TEVG. Lastly, matricellular proteins regulate the adhesion, migration, proliferation, and activation of smooth muscle cells-proper control of these biological activities will be critical for a TEVG that recellularizes and resists neointimal formation/stenosis. We review all of these functions for matricellular proteins here, in addition to reviewing the few studies that have been performed at the intersection of matricellular protein biology and vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh K Ramaswamy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - David A Vorp
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Justin S Weinbaum
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Fitoussi R, Beauchef G, Guéré C, André N, Vié K. Localization, fate and interactions of Emilin-1 in human skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2019; 41:183-193. [PMID: 30843221 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emilin-1 is a versatile protein abundant in tissues where resilience and elastic recoil are prominent and interacting with components of the extracellular matrix. Still, little is known about Emilin-1 in the skin. Therefore, we investigated Emilin-1 in the skin, its localization, its fate upon ageing, its interactions with other proteins and the effect of its knockdown. METHODS Skin explants from young or old Caucasian women, immunofluorescently labelled by anti-Emilin-1, anti-Fibrillin-1 and anti-Elastin antibodies, were analysed using confocal microscopy. Skin explants subjected to UV-induced skin ageing were also analysed. Colocalization of Emilin-1 with Collagen IV, Fibrillin-1 and Elastin was studied by multiphoton microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation. Finally, the effect of Emilin-1 extinction was studied by producing small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown fibroblasts and by analysing the outcome on selected genes. RESULTS In skin sections from young donors, Emilin-1 localizes similarly to Elastin and Fibrillin-1. In the papillary dermis, it shows clear and ramified structures, perpendicular to the dermo-epidermal junction that are reminiscent of the oxytalan fibres. In the reticular dermis, Emilin-1 signal appears identical to that of the elastic fibres network. Upon intrinsic or UV-induced ageing, the signal associated with Emilin-1 is drastically reduced and disorganized. Multiphoton microscopy study shows that, as expected, Emilin-1 colocalizes with Elastin. It also colocalizes with Collagen IV in the basement membrane and within dermal fibroblasts. Interaction of Emilin-1 with Elastin and Collagen IV was also found by co-immunoprecipitation. It also reveals interaction with Laminin-5. Finally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of EMILIN-1 show little effect on the expression level of the 61 genes we studied. The most striking change is a downregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 that show a decrease similar to that of EMILIN-1 itself and after 8 days a downregulation of COL6A1. CONCLUSION In skin, Emilin-1 locates in the dermis, up to the basement membrane, interacting with components of the extracellular matrix but also with the anchoring complex. These interactions are important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and would suggest that Emilin-1 might be important for maintaining the 3D structure of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fitoussi
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - G Beauchef
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - C Guéré
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - N André
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - K Vié
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
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Kii I. Periostin Functions as a Scaffold for Assembly of Extracellular Proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1132:23-32. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6657-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Toba H, Lindsey ML. Extracellular matrix roles in cardiorenal fibrosis: Potential therapeutic targets for CVD and CKD in the elderly. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 193:99-120. [PMID: 30149103 PMCID: PMC6309764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whereas hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are age-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), aging alone is an independent risk factor. With advancing age, the heart and kidney gradually but significantly undergo inflammation and subsequent fibrosis, which eventually results in an irreversible decline in organ physiology. Through cardiorenal network interactions, cardiac dysfunction leads to and responds to renal injury, and both facilitate aging effects. Thus, a comprehensive strategy is needed to evaluate the cardiorenal aging network. Common hallmarks shared across systems include extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, along with upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) including MMP-9. The wide range of MMP-9 substrates, including ECM components and inflammatory cytokines, implicates MMP-9 in a variety of pathological and age-related processes. In particular, there is strong evidence that inflammatory cell-derived MMP-9 exacerbates cardiorenal aging. This review explores the potential therapeutic targets against CVD and CKD in the elderly, focusing on ECM and MMP roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Toba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, and Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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Loss of Multimerin-2 and EMILIN-2 Expression in Gastric Cancer Associate with Altered Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123983. [PMID: 30544909 PMCID: PMC6321373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a deadly tumor and a relatively common disease worldwide. Surgical resection and chemotherapy are the main clinical options to treat this type of disease, however the median overall survival rate is limited to one year. Thus, the development of new therapies is a highly necessary clinical need. Angiogenesis is a promising target for this tumor type, however clinical trials with the use of anti-angiogenic drugs have so far not met expectations. Therefore, it is important to better characterize the expression of molecules whose expression levels may impact on the efficacy of the treatments. In this study the characteristics of the gastric tumor associated blood vessels were first assessed by endomicroscopy. Next, we analyzed the expression of Multimerin-2, EMILIN-2 and EMILIN-1, three molecules of the EMI Domain ENdowed (EDEN) protein family. These molecules play important functions in the tumor microenvironment, affecting cancer progression both directly and indirectly impinging on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. All the molecules were highly expressed in the normal mucosa whereas in a number of patients their expression was altered. We consider that better characterizing the gastric tumor microenvironment and the quality of the vasculature may achieve effective patient tailored therapies.
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Capuano A, Pivetta E, Baldissera F, Bosisio G, Wassermann B, Bucciotti F, Colombatti A, Sabatelli P, Doliana R, Spessotto P. Integrin binding site within the gC1q domain orchestrates EMILIN-1-induced lymphangiogenesis. Matrix Biol 2018; 81:34-49. [PMID: 30408617 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels (LVs) play a pivotal role in the control of tissue homeostasis and also have emerged as important regulators of immunity, inflammation and tumor metastasis. EMILIN-1 is the first ECM protein identified as a structural modulator of the growth and maintenance of LV; accordingly, Emilin1-/- mice display lymphatic morphological alterations leading to functional defects as mild lymphedema, leakage and compromised lymph drainage. Many EMILIN-1 functions are exerted by the binding of its gC1q domain with the E933 residue of α4 and α9β1 integrins. To investigate the specific regulatory role of this domain on lymphangiogenesis, we generated a transgenic mouse model expressing an E933A-mutated EMILIN-1 (E1-E933A), unable to interact with α4 or α9 integrin. The mutant resulted in abnormal LV architecture with dense, tortuous and irregular networks; moreover, the number of anchoring filaments was reduced and collector valves had aberrant narrowed structures. E933A mutation also affected lymphatic function in lymphangiography assays and made the transgenic mice more prone to lymph node metastases. The finding that the gC1q/integrin interaction is crucial for a correct lymphangiogenesis response was confirmed and reinforced by functional in vitro tubulogenesis assays. In addition, ex vivo thoracic-duct ring assays revealed that E1-E933A-derived lymphatic endothelial cells had a severe reduction in sprouting capacity and were unable to organize into capillary-like structures. All these data provide evidence that the novel "regulatory structural" role of EMILIN-1 in the lymphangiogenic process is played by the integrin binding site within its gC1q domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Capuano
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Eliana Pivetta
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesca Baldissera
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giulia Bosisio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Bruna Wassermann
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesco Bucciotti
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Alfonso Colombatti
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sabatelli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Doliana
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Paola Spessotto
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
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Henrion D. Keeping the Extracellular Matrix Well Structured to Keep Healthy Vessels. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:2281-2282. [PMID: 30354223 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Henrion
- From the MitoVasc Institute, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, University of Angers, France
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61
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Carnevale D, Facchinello N, Iodice D, Bizzotto D, Perrotta M, De Stefani D, Pallante F, Carnevale L, Ricciardi F, Cifelli G, Da Ros F, Casaburo M, Fardella S, Bonaldo P, Innocenzi G, Rizzuto R, Braghetta P, Lembo G, Bressan GM. Loss of EMILIN-1 Enhances Arteriolar Myogenic Tone Through TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-β)–Dependent Transactivation of EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) and Is Relevant for Hypertension in Mice and Humans. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:2484-2497. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Carnevale
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (D.C., M.P., G.L.)
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine (D.C., D.I., F.P., L.C., G.C., M.C., S.F., G.L.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Department of Molecular Medicine (N.F., D.B., F.D.R., P. Bonaldo, P. Braghetta, G.M.B.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Iodice
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine (D.C., D.I., F.P., L.C., G.C., M.C., S.F., G.L.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Dario Bizzotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine (N.F., D.B., F.D.R., P. Bonaldo, P. Braghetta, G.M.B.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Perrotta
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (D.C., M.P., G.L.)
| | - Diego De Stefani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (D.D.S., R.R.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Pallante
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine (D.C., D.I., F.P., L.C., G.C., M.C., S.F., G.L.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Carnevale
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine (D.C., D.I., F.P., L.C., G.C., M.C., S.F., G.L.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Franco Ricciardi
- Department of Neurosurgery (F.R., G.I.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cifelli
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine (D.C., D.I., F.P., L.C., G.C., M.C., S.F., G.L.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesco Da Ros
- Department of Molecular Medicine (N.F., D.B., F.D.R., P. Bonaldo, P. Braghetta, G.M.B.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel Casaburo
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine (D.C., D.I., F.P., L.C., G.C., M.C., S.F., G.L.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Stefania Fardella
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine (D.C., D.I., F.P., L.C., G.C., M.C., S.F., G.L.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine (N.F., D.B., F.D.R., P. Bonaldo, P. Braghetta, G.M.B.), University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (D.D.S., R.R.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine (N.F., D.B., F.D.R., P. Bonaldo, P. Braghetta, G.M.B.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lembo
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (D.C., M.P., G.L.)
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine (D.C., D.I., F.P., L.C., G.C., M.C., S.F., G.L.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giorgio M. Bressan
- Department of Molecular Medicine (N.F., D.B., F.D.R., P. Bonaldo, P. Braghetta, G.M.B.), University of Padova, Italy
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Expert consensus recommendations on the cardiogenetic care for patients with thoracic aortic disease and their first-degree relatives. Int J Cardiol 2018; 258:243-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.01.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Cocciolone AJ, Hawes JZ, Staiculescu MC, Johnson EO, Murshed M, Wagenseil JE. Elastin, arterial mechanics, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H189-H205. [PMID: 29631368 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00087.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Large, elastic arteries are composed of cells and a specialized extracellular matrix that provides reversible elasticity and strength. Elastin is the matrix protein responsible for this reversible elasticity that reduces the workload on the heart and dampens pulsatile flow in distal arteries. Here, we summarize the elastin protein biochemistry, self-association behavior, cross-linking process, and multistep elastic fiber assembly that provide large arteries with their unique mechanical properties. We present measures of passive arterial mechanics that depend on elastic fiber amounts and integrity such as the Windkessel effect, structural and material stiffness, and energy storage. We discuss supravalvular aortic stenosis and autosomal dominant cutis laxa-1, which are genetic disorders caused by mutations in the elastin gene. We present mouse models of supravalvular aortic stenosis, autosomal dominant cutis laxa-1, and graded elastin amounts that have been invaluable for understanding the role of elastin in arterial mechanics and cardiovascular disease. We summarize acquired diseases associated with elastic fiber defects, including hypertension and arterial stiffness, diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, calcification, and aneurysms and dissections. We mention animal models that have helped delineate the role of elastic fiber defects in these acquired diseases. We briefly summarize challenges and recent advances in generating functional elastic fibers in tissue-engineered arteries. We conclude with suggestions for future research and opportunities for therapeutic intervention in genetic and acquired elastinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J Cocciolone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jie Z Hawes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Marius C Staiculescu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Elizabeth O Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Monzur Murshed
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Medicine, and Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University , St. Louis, Missouri
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64
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Favero G, Paini A, De Ciuceis C, Rodella LF, Moretti E, Porteri E, Rossini C, Ministrini S, Solaini L, Stefano C, Coschignano MA, Brami V, Petelca A, Nardin M, Valli I, Tiberio GAM, Bonomini F, Agabiti Rosei C, Portolani N, Rizzoni D, Rezzani R. Changes in extracellular matrix in subcutaneous small resistance arteries of patients with essential hypertension. Blood Press 2018. [PMID: 29523048 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2018.1448256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the development of hypertensive microvascular remodeling, a relevant role may be played by changes in extracellular matrix proteins. Aim of this study was the to evaluate some extracellular matrix components within the tunica media of subcutaneous small arteries in 9 normotensive subjects and 12 essential hypertensive patients, submitted to a biopsy of subcutaneous fat from the gluteal or the anterior abdominal region. PATIENTS AND METHODS Subcutaneous small resistance arteries were dissected and mounted on an isometric myograph, and the tunica media to internal lumen ratio was measured. In addition, fibronectin, laminin, transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGF-β1) and emilin-1 contents within the tunica media were evaluated by immunofluorescence and relative immunomorphometrical analysis (immunopositivity % of area). The total collagen content and collagen subtypes within the tunica media were evaluated using both Sirius red staining (under polarized light) and immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS Normotensive controls had less total and type III collagen in respect with hypertensive patients. Fibronectin and TGF-β1 tunica media content was significantly greater in essential hypertensive patients, compared with normotensive controls, while laminin and emilin-1 tunica media content was lesser in essential hypertensive patients, compared with normotensive controls. A significant correlation was observed between fibronectin tunica media content and media to lumen ratio. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that, in small resistance arteries of patients with essential hypertension, a relevant fibrosis may be detected; fibronectin and TGF-β1 tunica media content is increased, while laminin and emilin-1 content is decreased; these changes might be involved in the development of small resistance artery remodeling in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Favero
- a Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Anna Paini
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Carolina De Ciuceis
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Luigi F Rodella
- a Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.,c Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs- (ARTO)", University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Enrico Moretti
- a Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Enzo Porteri
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Claudia Rossini
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Silvia Ministrini
- d Clinica Chirurgica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Leonardo Solaini
- d Clinica Chirurgica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Caletti Stefano
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | | | - Valeria Brami
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Alina Petelca
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Matteo Nardin
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Ilenia Valli
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Guido A M Tiberio
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Francesca Bonomini
- a Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.,c Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs- (ARTO)", University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Claudia Agabiti Rosei
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Nazario Portolani
- d Clinica Chirurgica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- b Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.,e Division of Medicine , Istituto Clinico Città di Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- a Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.,c Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs- (ARTO)", University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
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65
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Perrotta M, Lori A, Carnevale L, Fardella S, Cifelli G, Iacobucci R, Mastroiacovo F, Iodice D, Pallante F, Storto M, Lembo G, Carnevale D. Deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension activates placental growth factor in the spleen to couple sympathetic drive and immune system activation. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:456-467. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Perrotta
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Andrea Lori
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Carnevale
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Stefania Fardella
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cifelli
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Roberta Iacobucci
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Francesco Mastroiacovo
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Daniele Iodice
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Fabio Pallante
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Marianna Storto
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lembo
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Carnevale
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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66
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Liljedahl L, Norlin J, McGuire JN, James P. Effects of insulin and the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist liraglutide on the kidney proteome in db/db mice. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/6/e13187. [PMID: 28330952 PMCID: PMC5371560 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a worldwide disease that affects 9% of the adult world population and type 2 DM accounts for 90% of those. A common consequence of DM is kidney complications, which could lead to kidney failure. We studied the potential effects of treatment with insulin and the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist liraglutide on the diabetic kidney proteome through the use of the db/db mouse model system and mass spectrometry (MS). Multivariate analyses revealed distinct effects of insulin and liraglutide on the db/db kidney proteome, which was seen on the protein levels of, for example, pterin-4 α-carbinolamine dehydratase/dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α (PCBD1), neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated-8 (NEDD8), transcription elongation factor-B polypeptide-1 (ELOC) and hepcidin (HEPC). Furthermore, the separation of the insulin, liraglutide and vehicle db/db mouse groups in multivariate analyses was not mainly related to the albumin excretion rate (AER) or the level of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c%) in the mice. In summary, we show that insulin and liraglutide give rise to separate protein profiles in the db/db mouse kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Liljedahl
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Peter James
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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67
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Kii I, Ito H. Periostin and its interacting proteins in the construction of extracellular architectures. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4269-4277. [PMID: 28887577 PMCID: PMC11107766 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Periostin is a matricellular protein that is composed of a multi-domain structure with an amino-terminal EMI domain, a tandem repeat of four FAS 1 domains, and a carboxyl-terminal domain. These distinct domains have been demonstrated to bind to many proteins including extracellular matrix proteins (Collagen type I and V, fibronectin, tenascin, and laminin), matricellular proteins (CCN3 and βig-h3), and enzymes that catalyze covalent crosslinking between extracellular matrix proteins (lysyl oxidase and BMP-1). Adjacent binding sites on periostin have been suggested to put the interacting proteins in close proximity, promoting intermolecular interactions between each protein, and leading to their assembly into extracellular architectures. These extracellular architectures determine the mechanochemical properties of connective tissues, in which periostin plays an important role in physiological homeostasis and disease progression. In this review, we introduce the proteins that interact with periostin, and discuss how the multi-domain structure of periostin functions as a scaffold for the assembly of interacting proteins, and how it underlies construction of highly sophisticated extracellular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Kii
- Common Facilities Unit, Integrated Research Group, Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science and Technology Hub, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
- Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, Imaging Platform and Innovation Group, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Harumi Ito
- Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, Imaging Platform and Innovation Group, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
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68
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Targeting Interleukin-1β Protects from Aortic Aneurysms Induced by Disrupted Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling. Immunity 2017; 47:959-973.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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69
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Little R, Zi M, Hammad SK, Nguyen L, Njegic A, Kurusamy S, Prehar S, Armesilla AL, Neyses L, Austin C, Cartwright EJ. Reduced expression of PMCA1 is associated with increased blood pressure with age which is preceded by remodelling of resistance arteries. Aging Cell 2017; 16:1104-1113. [PMID: 28795531 PMCID: PMC5595685 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a well‐established risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events, and older age is a risk factor for the development of hypertension. Genomewide association studies have linked ATP2B1, the gene for the plasma membrane calcium ATPase 1 (PMCA1), to blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. Here, we present the effects of reduction in the expression of PMCA1 on BP and small artery structure and function when combined with advancing age. Heterozygous PMCA1 null mice (PMCA1Ht) were generated and conscious BP was measured at 6 to 18 months of age. Passive and active properties of isolated small mesenteric arteries were examined by pressure myography. PMCA1Ht mice exhibited normal BP at 6 and 9 months of age but developed significantly elevated BP when compared to age‐matched wild‐type controls at ≥12 months of age. Decreased lumen diameter, increased wall thickness and increased wall:lumen ratio were observed in small mesenteric arteries from animals 9 months of age and older, indicative of eutrophic remodelling. Increases in mesenteric artery intrinsic tone and global intracellular calcium were evident in animals at both 6 and 18 months of age. Thus, decreased expression of PMCA1 is associated with increased BP when combined with advancing age. Changes in arterial structure precede the elevation of BP. Pathways involving PMCA1 may be a novel target for BP regulation in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Little
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
- School of Food Science and Nutrition; The University of Leeds; Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Min Zi
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Sally K. Hammad
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Zagazig University; Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Loan Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Alexandra Njegic
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Sathishkumar Kurusamy
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science; School of Pharmacy; University of Wolverhampton; Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK
| | - Sukhpal Prehar
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Angel L. Armesilla
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science; School of Pharmacy; University of Wolverhampton; Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK
| | - Ludwig Neyses
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
- University of Luxembourg; Avenue de l'Universite Esch-sur-Alzette L-4365 Luxembourg
| | - Clare Austin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
- Faculty of Health and Social Care; Edge Hill University; Lancashire L39 4QP UK
| | - Elizabeth J. Cartwright
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; AV Hill Building Manchester M13 9PT UK
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70
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Yang S, Chen Y, Liu C, Zhao X, Zhuang Q, Sun J, Wei P, Zhao H, Chen X, Shen C. Association Study of Common Variants in PFN1 With Hypertension in a Han Chinese Population: A Case-Control Study and A Follow-up Study. Am J Hypertens 2017; 30:1024-1031. [PMID: 28541412 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal researches reported that the dysfunction of profilin1 (PFN1) was involved in the physiological arterial stiffness and vascular remodeling linking to the etiology of hypertension (HT). This study mainly aims at evaluating the association of PFN1 and HT in a Han Chinese population. METHODS A case-control study consisted of 2,012 HT cases and 2,210 controls was conducted and 2,116 participants from the healthy controls were further followed up for average 5.01 years. Logistic and Cox regression models were applied to evaluate the association of 4 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PFN1 and ENO3 with HT. RESULTS There was no significant association of the 4 SNPs between HT cases and controls even after adjustment for confounding factors (P > 0.05). Haplotype analysis did not identify any significant haplotype with HT. There were no statistical difference of systolic blood pressure (BP) and diastolic BP among different genotypes in antihypertensive-treated group and untreated group. In follow-up population, there was no significant association of candidate SNPs with HT even after adjustment for covariates (all P > 0.05). Of note, the plasma profilin1 level of HT cases was significantly higher than that of control subjects (P = 0.011). The profilin1 levels of controls significantly decreased with variation of rs238243 at PFN1 (P = 0.041), and the profilin1 levels of HT cases increased with variation of rs238238 at ENO3 (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HT cases displayed an elevated plasma profilin1. Variants of rs238243 and rs238238 might regulate profilin1 expression by epigenetic modification and indirectly affects the susceptible threshold of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Chunlan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianghai Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Junxiang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Hailong Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Xiaotian Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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71
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Vecchione C, Villa F, Carrizzo A, Spinelli CC, Damato A, Ambrosio M, Ferrario A, Madonna M, Uccellatore A, Lupini S, Maciag A, Ryskalin L, Milanesi L, Frati G, Sciarretta S, Bellazzi R, Genovese S, Ceriello A, Auricchio A, Malovini A, Puca AA. A rare genetic variant of BPIFB4 predisposes to high blood pressure via impairment of nitric oxide signaling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9706. [PMID: 28852218 PMCID: PMC5574984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BPIFB4 is associated with exceptional longevity: four single-nucleotide polymorphisms distinguish the wild-type form from a longevity-associated variant conferring positive effects on blood pressure. The effect of a rare variant (RV; allele frequency, 4%) on blood pressure is unknown. Here, we show that overexpression of RV-BPIFB4 in ex-vivo mouse vessels impairs phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), blunting acetylcholine-evoked vasorelaxation; in vivo, virally mediated overexpression of RV-BPIFB4 increases blood pressure, an action absent in eNOS-deficient mice. In humans, we found RV carriers to have increased diastolic blood pressure, a finding that was more marked in subjects on anti-hypertensive medication; moreover, recombinant RV-BPIFB4 protein impaired eNOS function in ex-vivo human vessels. Thus, RV-BPIFB4 acts directly on blood pressure homeostasis and may represent a novel biomarker of vascular dysfunction and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Vecchione
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli (IS), Italy. .,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Fisciano, 84084, (SA), Italy.
| | - Francesco Villa
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20099, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Ferrario
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Lupini
- University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maciag
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20099, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy
| | - Larisa Ryskalin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Luciano Milanesi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bellazzi
- Laboratory of Informatics and Systems Engineering for Clinical Research, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Genovese
- Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20099, Sesto San, Giovanni (MI), Italy
| | - Antonio Ceriello
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20099, Sesto San, Giovanni (MI), Italy
| | - Alberto Auricchio
- TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alberto Malovini
- Laboratory of Informatics and Systems Engineering for Clinical Research, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annibale Alessandro Puca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Fisciano, 84084, (SA), Italy. .,Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20099, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy.
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72
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Angel PM, Narmoneva DA, Sewell-Loftin MK, Munjal C, Dupuis L, Landis BJ, Jegga A, Kern CB, Merryman WD, Baldwin HS, Bressan GM, Hinton RB. Proteomic Alterations Associated with Biomechanical Dysfunction are Early Processes in the Emilin1 Deficient Mouse Model of Aortic Valve Disease. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:2548-2562. [PMID: 28812215 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aortic valve (AV) disease involves stiffening of the AV cusp with progression characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and calcification. Here, we examine the relationship between biomechanical valve function and proteomic changes before and after the development of AV pathology in the Emilin1-/- mouse model of latent AV disease. Biomechanical studies were performed to quantify tissue stiffness at the macro (micropipette) and micro (atomic force microscopy (AFM)) levels. Micropipette studies showed that the Emilin1-/- AV annulus and cusp regions demonstrated increased stiffness only after the onset of AV disease. AFM studies showed that the Emilin1-/- cusp stiffens before the onset of AV disease and worsens with the onset of disease. Proteomes from AV cusps were investigated to identify protein functions, pathways, and interaction network alterations that occur with age- and genotype-related valve stiffening. Protein alterations due to Emilin1 deficiency, including changes in pathways and functions, preceded biomechanical aberrations, resulting in marked depletion of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins interacting with TGFB1, including latent transforming growth factor beta 3 (LTBP3), fibulin 5 (FBLN5), and cartilage intermediate layer protein 1 (CILP1). This study identifies proteomic dysregulation is associated with biomechanical dysfunction as early pathogenic processes in the Emilin1-/- model of AV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - D A Narmoneva
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M K Sewell-Loftin
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C Munjal
- Division of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, MLC 7020, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - L Dupuis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - B J Landis
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C B Kern
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - W D Merryman
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - H S Baldwin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - G M Bressan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Robert B Hinton
- Division of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, MLC 7020, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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73
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Angelov SN, Hu JH, Wei H, Airhart N, Shi M, Dichek DA. TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-β) Signaling Protects the Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta From Angiotensin II-Induced Pathology by Distinct Mechanisms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:2102-2113. [PMID: 28729364 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signaling in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation is controversial. Others reported that systemic blockade of TGF-β by neutralizing antibodies accelerated AAA development in angiotensin II-infused mice. This result is consistent with other studies suggesting that TGF-β signaling prevents AAA. Development of a therapy for AAA that exploits the protective actions of TGF-β would be facilitated by identification of the mechanisms through which TGF-β prevents AAA. We hypothesized that TGF-β signaling prevents AAA by its actions on aortic medial smooth muscle cells. APPROACH AND RESULTS We compared the prevalence, severity, and histopathology of angiotensin II-induced AAA among control mice (no TGF-β blockade), mice with antibody-mediated systemic neutralization of TGF-β, and mice with genetically based smooth muscle-specific loss of TGF-β signaling. Surprisingly, we found that systemic-but not smooth muscle-specific-TGF-β blockade significantly increased the prevalence of AAA and tended to increase AAA severity, adventitial thickening, and aortic wall macrophage accumulation. In contrast, abdominal aortas of mice with smooth muscle-specific loss of TGF-β signaling differed from controls only in having a thinner media. We examined thoracic aortas of the same mice. Here we found that smooth muscle-specific loss of Tgfbr2-but not systemic TGF-β neutralization-significantly accelerated development of aortic pathology, including increased prevalence of intramural hematomas, medial thinning, and adventitial thickening. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TGF-β signaling prevents both abdominal and thoracic aneurysmal disease but does so by distinct mechanisms. Smooth muscle extrinsic signaling protects the abdominal aorta and smooth muscle intrinsic signaling protects the thoracic aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan N Angelov
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Jie Hong Hu
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Hao Wei
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Nathan Airhart
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Minghui Shi
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - David A Dichek
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
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74
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Monocyte adhesion to atherosclerotic matrix proteins is enhanced by Asn-Gly-Arg deamidation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5765. [PMID: 28720870 PMCID: PMC5515959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis arises from leukocyte infiltration and thickening of the artery walls and constitutes a major component of vascular disease pathology, but the molecular events underpinning this process are not fully understood. Proteins containing an Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) motif readily undergo deamidation of asparagine to generate isoDGR structures that bind to integrin αvβ3 on circulating leukocytes. Here we report the identification of isoDGR motifs in human atherosclerotic plaque components including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins fibronectin and tenascin C, which have been strongly implicated in human atherosclerosis. We further demonstrate that deamidation of NGR motifs in fibronectin and tenascin C leads to increased adhesion of the monocytic cell line U937 and enhanced binding of primary human monocytes, except in the presence of a αvβ3-blocking antibody or the αv-selective inhibitor cilengitide. In contrast, under the same deamidating conditions monocyte-macrophages displayed only weak binding to the alternative ECM component vitronectin which lacks NGR motifs. Together, these findings confirm a critical role for isoDGR motifs in mediating leukocyte adhesion to the ECM via integrin αvβ3 and suggest that protein deamidation may promote the pathological progression of human atherosclerosis by enhancing monocyte recruitment to developing plaques.
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75
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Schiavinato A, Keene DR, Imhof T, Doliana R, Sasaki T, Sengle G. Fibulin-4 deposition requires EMILIN-1 in the extracellular matrix of osteoblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5526. [PMID: 28717224 PMCID: PMC5514116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue microenvironments formed by extracellular matrix networks play an important role in regulating tissue structure and function. Extracellular microfibrillar networks composed of fibrillins and their associated ligands such as LTBPs, fibulins, and EMILINs are of particular interest in this regard since they provide a specialized cellular microenvironment guiding proper morphology and functional behavior of specialized cell types. To understand how cellular microenvironments composed of intricate microfibrillar networks influence cell fate decisions in a contextual manner, more information about the spatiotemporal localization, deposition, and function of their components is required. By employing confocal immunofluorescence and electron microscopy we investigated the localization and extracellular matrix deposition of EMILIN-1 and -2 in tissues of the skeletal system such as cartilage and bone as well as in in vitro cultures of osteoblasts. We found that upon RNAi mediated depletion of EMILIN-1 in primary calvarial osteoblasts and MC3T3-E1 cells only fibulin-4 matrix deposition was lost while other fibulin family members or LTBPs remained unaffected. Immunoprecipitation and ELISA-style binding assays confirmed a direct interaction between EMILIN-1 and fibulin-4. Our data suggest a new function for EMILIN-1 which implies the guidance of linear fibulin-4 matrix deposition and thereby fibulin-4 fiber formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvise Schiavinato
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Imhof
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roberto Doliana
- Experimental Oncology 2, CRO, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Takako Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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76
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Proprotein convertase furin/PCSK3 and atherosclerosis: New insights and potential therapeutic targets. Atherosclerosis 2017; 262:163-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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77
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De Maria A, Wilmarth PA, David LL, Bassnett S. Proteomic Analysis of the Bovine and Human Ciliary Zonule. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:573-585. [PMID: 28125844 PMCID: PMC5283081 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The zonule of Zinn (ciliary zonule) is a system of fibers that centers the crystalline lens on the optical axis of the eye. Mutations in zonule components underlie syndromic conditions associated with a broad range of ocular pathologies, including microspherophakia and ectopia lentis. Here, we used HPLC-mass spectrometry to determine the molecular composition of the zonule. Methods Tryptic digests of human and bovine zonular samples were analyzed by HPLC-mass spectrometry. The distribution of selected components was confirmed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. In bovine samples, the composition of the equatorial zonule was compared to that of the hyaloid zonule and vitreous humor. Results The 52 proteins common to the zonules of both species accounted for >95% of the zonular protein. Glycoproteins constituted the main structural components, with two proteins, FBN1 and LTBP2, constituting 70%-80% of the protein. Other abundant components were MFAP2, EMILIN-1, and ADAMTSL-6. Lysyl oxidase-like 1, a crosslinking enzyme implicated in collagen and elastin biogenesis, was detected at significant levels. The equatorial and hyaloid zonular samples were compositionally similar to each other, although the hyaloid sample was relatively enriched in the proteoglycan opticin and the fibrillar collagens COL2A1, COL11A1, COL5A2, and COL5A3. Conclusions The zonular proteome was surprisingly complex. In addition to structural components, it contained signaling proteins, protease inhibitors, and crosslinking enzymes. The equatorial and hyaloid zonules were similar in composition, but the latter may form part of a composite structure, the hyaloid membrane, that stabilizes the vitreous face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia De Maria
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Phillip A Wilmarth
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Larry L David
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Steven Bassnett
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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78
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Suzuki A, Yoshida H, van Heeringen SJ, Takebayashi-Suzuki K, Veenstra GJC, Taira M. Genomic organization and modulation of gene expression of the TGF-β and FGF pathways in the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis. Dev Biol 2017; 426:336-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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79
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Randell A, Daneshtalab N. Elastin microfibril interface-located protein 1, transforming growth factor beta, and implications on cardiovascular complications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 11:437-448. [PMID: 28545768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Elastin microfibril interface-located protein 1 (EMILIN1), a glycoprotein, is associated with elastin in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of arteries, lymph vasculature, and other tissues. EMILIN1 particularly has a niche role in elastin fiber biogenesis (elastogenesis) by aiding with the fusion of elastin fibers, rendering them more ordered. In addition to elastogenesis, EMILIN1 has been shown to have roles in maintenance of vascular cell morphology, smooth muscle cell adhesion to elastic fibers, and transforming growth factor (TGFβ) regulation, by inhibiting TGFβ activation via blocking the proteolytic production of the latency-associated peptide/active TGFβ complex. The increased TGFβ signaling induced during EMILIN1 deficiency alters TGFβ activity, resulting in vascular smooth muscle cell growth and vascular remodeling. The increasing systemic blood pressure associated with TGFβ signaling may be closely linked to the activity of other mediators that affect cardiovascular homeostasis, such as angiotensin II. The increase in prevalence of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases in other disease states likely involve a complex activation of TGFβ signaling and ECM dysfunction. Thus, the interaction of TGFβ and ECM components appears to be integrative involving both structural alterations to vessels through EMILIN1 and changes in TGFβ signaling processes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the EMILIN1-TGFβ relationship; the specific roles of EMILIN1 and TGFβ in blood pressure regulation, their synergistic interaction, and in particular the role of TGFβ (in conjunction with ECM proteins) in other disease states altering cardiovascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Randell
- Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Noriko Daneshtalab
- Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
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80
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Abstract
Salt resistance/sensitivity refers specifically to the effect of dietary sodium chloride (salt) intake on BP. Increased dietary salt intake promotes an early and uniform expansion of extracellular fluid volume and increased cardiac output. To compensate for these hemodynamic changes and maintain constant BP in salt resistance, renal and peripheral vascular resistance falls and is associated with an increase in production of nitric oxide. In contrast, the decline in peripheral vascular resistance and the increase in nitric oxide are impaired or absent in salt sensitivity, promoting an increase in BP in these individuals. Endothelial dysfunction may pose a particularly significant risk factor in the development of salt sensitivity and subsequent hypertension. Vulnerable salt-sensitive populations may have in common underlying endothelial dysfunction due to genetic or environmental influences. These individuals may be very sensitive to the hemodynamic stress of increased effective blood volume, setting in motion untoward molecular and biochemical events that lead to overproduction of TGF-β, oxidative stress, and limited bioavailable nitric oxide. Finally, chronic high-salt ingestion produces endothelial dysfunction, even in salt-resistant subjects. Thus, the complex syndrome of salt sensitivity may be a function of the endothelium, which is integrally involved in the vascular responses to high salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Departments of Medicine and
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Paul W Sanders
- Departments of Medicine and
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
- Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
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81
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Corallo D, Schiavinato A, Bizzotto D, Milanetto M, Guljelmovic M, Keene DR, Sengle G, Braghetta P, Bonaldo P. EMILIN3, an extracellular matrix molecule with restricted distribution in skin. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:435-438. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Corallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | | | - Dario Bizzotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Martina Milanetto
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | | | | | - Gerhard Sengle
- Center for Biochemistry; Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Padova; Padova Italy
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center; University of Padova; Padova Italy
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82
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Alé A, Zhang Y, Han C, Cai D. Obesity-associated extracellular mtDNA activates central TGFβ pathway to cause blood pressure increase. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E161-E174. [PMID: 27894066 PMCID: PMC5374298 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00337.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic inflammation was recently found to mediate obesity-related hypertension, but the responsible upstream mediators remain unexplored. In this study, we show that dietary obesity is associated with extracellular release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the cerebrospinal fluid and that central delivery of mtDNA mimics transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) excess to activate downstream signaling pathways. Physiological study reveals that central administration of mtDNA or TGFβ is sufficient to cause hypertension in mice. Knockout of the TGFβ receptor in proopiomelanocortin neurons counteracts the hypertensive effect of not only TGFβ but also mtDNA excess, while the hypertensive action of central mtDNA can be blocked pharmacologically by a TGFβ receptor antagonist or genetically by TGFβ receptor knockout. Finally, we confirm that obesity-induced hypertension can be reversed through central treatment with TGFβ receptor antagonist. In conclusion, circulating mtDNA in the brain employs neural TGFβ pathway to mediate a central inflammatory mechanism of obesity-related hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Blood Pressure/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- DNA, Mitochondrial/cerebrospinal fluid
- DNA, Mitochondrial/immunology
- DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism
- DNA, Mitochondrial/pharmacology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dioxoles/pharmacology
- Hypertension/etiology
- Hypertension/immunology
- Hypothalamus/immunology
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neurons/immunology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/immunology
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/immunology
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology
- Third Ventricle
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Alé
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, and Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, and Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Cheng Han
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, and Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Dongsheng Cai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, and Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
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83
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Maiorani O, Pivetta E, Capuano A, Modica TME, Wassermann B, Bucciotti F, Colombatti A, Doliana R, Spessotto P. Neutrophil elastase cleavage of the gC1q domain impairs the EMILIN1-α4β1 integrin interaction, cell adhesion and anti-proliferative activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39974. [PMID: 28074935 PMCID: PMC5225433 DOI: 10.1038/srep39974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix glycoprotein EMILIN1 exerts a wide range of functions mainly associated with its gC1q domain. Besides providing functional significance for adhesion and migration, the direct interaction between α4β1 integrin and EMILIN1-gC1q regulates cell proliferation, transducing net anti-proliferative effects. We have previously demonstrated that EMILIN1 degradation by neutrophil elastase (NE) is a specific mechanism leading to the loss of functions disabling its regulatory properties. In this study we further analysed the proteolytic activity of NE, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MT1-MMP on EMILIN1 and found that MMP-3 and MT1-MMP partially cleaved EMILIN1 but without affecting the functional properties associated with the gC1q domain, whereas NE was able to fully impair the interaction of gC1q with the α4β1 integrin by cleaving this domain outside of the E933 integrin binding site. By a site direct mutagenesis approach we mapped the bond between S913 and R914 residues and selected the NE-resistant R914W mutant still able to interact with the α4β1 integrin after NE treatment. Functional studies showed that NE impaired the EMILIN1-α4β1 integrin interaction by cleaving the gC1q domain in a region crucial for its proper structural conformation, paving the way to better understand NE effects on EMILIN1-cell interaction in pathological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Maiorani
- Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO-IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Eliana Pivetta
- Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO-IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Alessandra Capuano
- Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO-IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Teresa Maria Elisa Modica
- Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO-IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Bruna Wassermann
- Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO-IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Francesco Bucciotti
- Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO-IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Alfonso Colombatti
- Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO-IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Roberto Doliana
- Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO-IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Paola Spessotto
- Experimental Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research, CRO-IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano 33081, Italy
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84
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Sun QX, Zhou HM, Du QW. Association of Rs2071410 on Furin with Transient Ischemic Attack Susceptibility and Prognosis in a Chinese Population. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3828-3834. [PMID: 27760099 PMCID: PMC5083045 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Because genotype CG/GG of Furin rs2071410 can increase susceptibility to hypertension, this study investigated whether Furin rs2071410 is correlated with transient ischemic attack (TIA) susceptibility and prognosis. Material/Methods The odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were evaluated to assess the association of rs2071410 with TIA risk, and logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of various risk factors (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) on TIA. Results Compared with the homozygous genotype CC of rs2071410, the frequency of CG + GG genotype in the case group was significantly higher than in the control group (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.05–2.05, P<0.05). The CG + GG genotype carriers were observed to have worse 90-day prognosis after TIA treatment than patients carrying CC genotype (OR=12.86, 95% CI: 7.41–22.33, P<0.05). Moreover, logistic regression analysis found that age, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were associated with the onset of TIA (P<0.05, all). Of note, individuals with CG + GG genotype had 49.3% increased risk of TIA compared with individuals with CC genotype (OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.05–2.12), and patients with CG + GG genotype had worse 90-day prognosis after TIA treatment than patients with CC genotype (OR=11.39, 95% CI: 6.29–20.62). Conclusions Furin rs2071410 was significantly correlated with TIA occurrence and prognosis in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Xiang Sun
- Department of Internal Medical, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Medical College, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hai-Mei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of ShanDong Medical College, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Qing-Wei Du
- , Clinical Department of Shandong Medical College, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
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85
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A cholinergic-sympathetic pathway primes immunity in hypertension and mediates brain-to-spleen communication. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13035. [PMID: 27676657 PMCID: PMC5052663 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The crucial role of the immune system in hypertension is now widely recognized. We previously reported that hypertensive challenges couple the nervous drive with immune system activation, but the physiological and molecular mechanisms of this connection are unknown. Here, we show that hypertensive challenges activate splenic sympathetic nerve discharge to prime immune response. More specifically, a vagus-splenic nerve drive, mediated by nicotinic cholinergic receptors, links the brain and spleen. The sympathetic discharge induced by hypertensive stimuli was absent in both coeliac vagotomized mice and in mice lacking α7nAChR, a receptor typically expressed by peripheral ganglionic neurons. This cholinergic-sympathetic pathway is necessary for T cell activation and egression on hypertensive challenges. In addition, we show that selectively thermoablating the splenic nerve prevents T cell egression and protects against hypertension. This novel experimental procedure for selective splenic denervation suggests new clinical strategies for resistant hypertension. Immune system participates in the development of high blood pressure. Here the authors show that cholinergic-sympathetic pathway mediated by the α7nAChR receptor and the activation of splenic T cells prime immunity during hypertension and that selective splenic denervation protects against the onset of hypertension in mice.
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86
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Pilic L, Pedlar CR, Mavrommatis Y. Salt-sensitive hypertension: mechanisms and effects of dietary and other lifestyle factors. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:645-58. [PMID: 27566757 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt sensitivity, which is an increase in blood pressure in response to high dietary salt intake, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. It is associated with physiological, environmental, demographic, and genetic factors. This review focuses on the physiological mechanisms of salt sensitivity in populations at particular risk, along with the associated dietary factors. The interplay of mechanisms such as the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, endothelial dysfunction, ion transport, and estrogen decrease in women contributes to development of salt sensitivity. Because of their effects on these mechanisms, higher dietary intakes of potassium, calcium, vitamin D, antioxidant vitamins, and proteins rich in L-arginine, as well as adherence to dietary patterns similar to the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, can be beneficial to salt-sensitive populations. In contrast, diets similar to the typical Western diet, which is rich in saturated fats, sucrose, and fructose, together with excessive alcohol consumption, may exacerbate salt-sensitive changes in blood pressure. Identifying potential mechanisms of salt sensitivity in susceptible populations and linking them to protective or harmful dietary and lifestyle factors can lead to more specific guidelines for the prevention of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leta Pilic
- L. Pilic, C.R. Pedlar, and Y. Mavrommatis are with the School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, United Kingdom. CR Pedlar is with the Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Charles R Pedlar
- L. Pilic, C.R. Pedlar, and Y. Mavrommatis are with the School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, United Kingdom. CR Pedlar is with the Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yiannis Mavrommatis
- L. Pilic, C.R. Pedlar, and Y. Mavrommatis are with the School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, United Kingdom. CR Pedlar is with the Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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87
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Abstract
The discovery of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family ligands and the realization that their bioactivities need to be tightly controlled temporally and spatially led to intensive research that has identified a multitude of extracellular modulators of TGF-β family ligands, uncovered their functions in developmental and pathophysiological processes, defined the mechanisms of their activities, and explored potential modulator-based therapeutic applications in treating human diseases. These studies revealed a diverse repertoire of extracellular and membrane-associated molecules that are capable of modulating TGF-β family signals via control of ligand availability, processing, ligand-receptor interaction, and receptor activation. These molecules include not only soluble ligand-binding proteins that were conventionally considered as agonists and antagonists of TGF-β family of growth factors, but also extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and proteoglycans that can serve as "sink" and control storage and release of both the TGF-β family ligands and their regulators. This extensive network of soluble and ECM modulators helps to ensure dynamic and cell-specific control of TGF-β family signals. This article reviews our knowledge of extracellular modulation of TGF-β growth factors by diverse proteins and their molecular mechanisms to regulate TGF-β family signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbei Chang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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88
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Carrizzo A, Ambrosio M, Damato A, Madonna M, Storto M, Capocci L, Campiglia P, Sommella E, Trimarco V, Rozza F, Izzo R, Puca AA, Vecchione C. Morus alba extract modulates blood pressure homeostasis through eNOS signaling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2304-2311. [PMID: 27234065 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Morus alba is a promising phytomedicine cultivated in oriental countries that is extensively used to prevent and treat various cardiovascular problems. To date, despite its beneficial effects, the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Thus, we investigate the vascular and haemodynamic effects of Morus alba extract in an experimental model focusing our attention on the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS AND RESULTS Through vascular reactivity studies, we demonstrate that Morus alba extract evokes endothelial vasorelaxation through a nitric oxide-dependent pathway. Our molecular analysis highlights an increase in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation. In vivo administration of Morus alba extract reduces blood pressure levels exclusively in wild-type mice, whereas it fails to evoke any haemodynamic effects in eNOS-deficient mice. Molecular analyses revealed that its beneficial action on vasculature is mediated by the activation of two important proteins that act as stress sensors and chaperones: PERK and heat shock protein 90. Finally, Morus alba extract exerts antihypertensive action in an experimental model of arterial hypertension. CONCLUSION Through its action on eNOS signaling, Morus alba extract could act as a food supplement for the regulation of cardiovascular system, mainly in clinical conditions characterized by eNOS dysfunction, such as arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pietro Campiglia
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Agriculture, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Rozza
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Izzo
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Annibale A Puca
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy. .,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy.
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89
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Aparecida-Silva R, Borges LF, Kessler K, Dias RR, Moreira LFP, Kalil J, Gutierrez PS. Transforming growth factor-β1 SMAD effectors and medial cell number in ascending aorta diseases. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016; 25:240-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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90
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Godin LM, Sandri BJ, Wagner DE, Meyer CM, Price AP, Akinnola I, Weiss DJ, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A. Decreased Laminin Expression by Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts Cultured in Acellular Lung Scaffolds from Aged Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150966. [PMID: 26954258 PMCID: PMC4783067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung changes functionally and structurally with aging. However, age-related effects on the extracellular matrix (ECM) and corresponding effects on lung cell behavior are not well understood. We hypothesized that ECM from aged animals would induce aging-related phenotypic changes in healthy inoculated cells. Decellularized whole organ scaffolds provide a powerful model for examining how ECM cues affect cell phenotype. The effects of age on ECM composition in both native and decellularized mouse lungs were assessed as was the effect of young vs old acellular ECM on human bronchial epithelial cells (hBECs) and lung fibroblasts (hLFs). Native aged (1 year) lungs demonstrated decreased expression of laminins α3 and α4, elastin and fibronectin, and elevated collagen, compared to young (3 week) lungs. Proteomic analyses of decellularized ECM demonstrated similar findings, and decellularized aged lung ECM contained less diversity in structural proteins compared to young ECM. When seeded in old ECM, hBECs and hLFs demonstrated lower gene expression of laminins α3 and α4, respectively, as compared to young ECM, paralleling the laminin deficiency of aged ECM. ECM changes appear to be important factors in potentiating aging-related phenotypes and may provide clues to mechanisms that allow for aging-related lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Godin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Sandri
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Darcy E. Wagner
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Carolyn M. Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Price
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ifeolu Akinnola
- MSTP Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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91
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Schiavinato A, Keene DR, Wohl AP, Corallo D, Colombatti A, Wagener R, Paulsson M, Bonaldo P, Sengle G. Targeting of EMILIN-1 and EMILIN-2 to Fibrillin Microfibrils Facilitates their Incorporation into the Extracellular Matrix. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1150-1160. [PMID: 26945878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Elastin microfibril interface-located proteins (EMILINs) 1 and 2 belong to a family of structurally related extracellular glycoproteins with unique functions in the extracellular space, such as modulation of pro-transforming growth factor-β processing, activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, and regulation of Hedgehog and Wnt ligand bioavailability. However, little is known about how EMILINs may exert their extracellular functions. We therefore investigated the spatiotemporal localization and deposition of EMILIN-1 and -2 within the extracellular space. By using immunoelectron and immunofluorescence microscopy together with biochemical extraction, we showed that EMILIN-1 and -2 are targeted to fibrillin microfibrils in the skin. In addition, during skin wound healing and in vitro matrix fiber assembly by primary dermal fibroblasts, EMILIN-1 and -2 are deposited on and coregulated with fibrillin. Analysis of wounds and mouse embryonic fibroblast cultures showed that EMILIN-1 and -2 network formation also requires the presence of fibronectin. Disruption of microfibrils in fibrillin-1-deficient mice leads to fragmentation of the EMILIN-1 and -2 networks, suggesting an involvement of EMILINs in fibrillin-related skin disorders. The addition of EMILINs to the ligand repertoire of fibrillin strengthens the concept of fibrillin microfibrils as extracellular scaffolds integrating cellular force transmission and growth factor bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvise Schiavinato
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Alexander P Wohl
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Diana Corallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alfonso Colombatti
- Experimental Oncology 2, CRO, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Raimund Wagener
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mats Paulsson
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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92
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Local inhibition of elastase reduces EMILIN1 cleavage reactivating lymphatic vessel function in a mouse lymphoedema model. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1221-36. [PMID: 26920215 PMCID: PMC4888021 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vasculature critically depends on the connections of lymphatic endothelial cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM), which are mediated by anchoring filaments (AFs). The ECM protein EMILIN1 is a component of AFs and is involved in the regulation of lymphatic vessel functions: accordingly, Emilin1−/− mice display lymphatic vascular morphological alterations, leading to functional defects such as mild lymphoedema, lymph leakage and compromised lymph drainage. In the present study, using a mouse post-surgical tail lymphoedema model, we show that the acute phase of acquired lymphoedema correlates with EMILIN1 degradation due to neutrophil elastase (NE) released by infiltrating neutrophils. As a consequence, the intercellular junctions of lymphatic endothelial cells are weakened and drainage to regional lymph nodes is severely affected. The local administration of sivelestat, a specific NE inhibitor, prevents EMILIN1 degradation and reduces lymphoedema, restoring a normal lymphatic functionality. The finding that, in human secondary lymphoedema samples, we also detected cleaved EMILIN1 with the typical bands of an NE-dependent pattern of fragmentation establishes a rationale for a powerful strategy that targets NE inhibition. In conclusion, the attempts to block EMILIN1 degradation locally represent the basis for a novel ‘ECM’ pharmacological approach to assessing new lymphoedema treatments.
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93
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Little R, Cartwright EJ, Neyses L, Austin C. Plasma membrane calcium ATPases (PMCAs) as potential targets for the treatment of essential hypertension. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 159:23-34. [PMID: 26820758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of hypertension, the major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is increasing. Thus, there is a pressing need for the development of new and more effective strategies to prevent and treat hypertension. Development of these relies on a continued evolution of our understanding of the mechanisms which control blood pressure (BP). Resistance arteries are important in the regulation of total peripheral resistance and BP; changes in their structure and function are strongly associated with hypertension. Anti-hypertensives which both reduce BP and reverse changes in resistance arterial structure reduce cardiovascular risk more than therapies which reduce BP alone. Hence, identification of novel potential vascular targets which modify BP is important. Hypertension is a multifactorial disorder which may include a genetic component. Genome wide association studies have identified ATP2B1, encoding the calcium pump plasma membrane calcium ATPase 1 (PMCA1), as having a strong association with BP and hypertension. Knockdown or reduced PMCA1 expression in mice has confirmed a physiological role for PMCA1 in BP and resistance arterial regulation. Altered expression or inhibition of PMCA4 has also been shown to modulate these parameters. The mechanisms whereby PMCA1 and 4 can modulate vascular function remain to be fully elucidated but may involve regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis and/or comprise a structural role. However, clear physiological links between PMCA and BP, coupled with experimental studies directly linking PMCA1 and 4 to changes in BP and arterial function, suggest that they may be important targets for the development of new pharmacological modulators of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Little
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ludwig Neyses
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Clare Austin
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, UK.
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94
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Belo VA, Guimarães DA, Castro MM. Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 as a Potential Mediator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Chronic Vascular Remodeling in Hypertension. J Vasc Res 2016; 52:221-31. [PMID: 26731549 DOI: 10.1159/000441621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For vascular remodeling in hypertension, it is essential that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) reshape in order to proliferate and migrate. The extracellular matrix (ECM) needs to be degraded to favor VSMC migration. Many proteases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), contribute to ECM proteolysis and VSMC migration. Bioactive peptides, hemodynamic forces and reactive oxygen-nitrogen species regulate MMP-2 expression and activity. Increased MMP-2 activity contributes to hypertension-induced maladaptive arterial changes and sustained hypertension. New ECM is synthesized to supply VSMCs with bioactive mediators, which stimulate hypertrophy. MMP-2 stimulates the interaction of VSMCs with newly formed ECM, which triggers intracellular signaling via integrins to induce a phenotypic switch and persistent migration. VSMCs switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype in order to migrate and contribute to vascular remodeling in hypertension. MMPs also disrupt growth factors bound to ECM, thus contributing to their capacity to regulate VSMC migration. This review sheds light on the proteolytic effects of MMP-2 on ECM and non-ECM substrates in the vasculature and how these effects contribute to VSMC migration in hypertension. The inhibition of MMP activity as a therapeutic target may make it possible to reduce arterial maladaptation caused by hypertension and prevent the resulting fatal cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Belo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sx00E3;o Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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95
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Nascent osteoblast matrix inhibits osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:258. [PMID: 26696301 PMCID: PMC4688995 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered promising candidates for cell-based therapies. Their potential utility derives primarily from their immunomodulatory activity, multi-lineage differentiation potential, and likely progenitor cell function in wound healing and repair of connective tissues. However, in vitro, MSCs often senesce and spontaneously differentiate into osteoblasts after prolonged expansion, likely because of lack of regulatory microenvironmental signals. In vivo, osteoblasts that line the endosteal bone marrow surface are in close proximity to MSCs in the marrow stroma and thus may help to regulate MSC fate. METHODS We examined here how osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro is affected by exposure to osteoblastic cells (OBCs). Human bone marrow MSCs were exposed to OBCs, derived by induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, either directly in contact co-cultures, or indirectly to OBC-conditioned medium or decellularized OBC extracellular matrix (ECM). RESULTS Our results showed that OBCs can act as negative regulators of MSC osteogenesis. mRNA expression profiling revealed that OBCs did not affect MSC osteogenesis in direct contact cultures or via secreted factors. However, seeding MSCs on decellularized OBC ECM significantly decreased expression of several osteogenic genes and maintained their fibroblastic morphologies. Proteomic analysis identified some of the candidate protein regulators of MSC osteogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the basis for future studies to elucidate the signaling mechanisms responsible for osteoblast matrix-mediated regulation of MSC osteogenesis and to better manipulate MSC fate in vitro to minimize their spontaneous differentiation.
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96
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Padmanabhan Iyer R, Chiao YA, Flynn ER, Hakala K, Cates CA, Weintraub ST, de Castro Brás LE. Matrix metalloproteinase-9-dependent mechanisms of reduced contractility and increased stiffness in the aging heart. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:92-107. [PMID: 26415707 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) collectively degrade all extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Of the MMPs, MMP-9 has the strongest link to the development of cardiac dysfunction. Aging associates with increased MMP-9 expression in the left ventricle (LV) and reduced cardiac function. We investigated the effect of MMP-9 deletion on the cardiac ECM in aged animals. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used male and female middle-aged (10- to16-month old) and old (20- to 24-month old) wild-type (WT) and MMP-9 null mice (n = 6/genotype/age). LVs were decellularized to remove highly abundant mitochondrial proteins that could mask identification of relative lower abundant components, analyzed by shotgun proteomics, and proteins of interest validated by immunoblot. RESULTS Elastin microfibril interface-located protein 1 (EMILIN-1) decreased with age in WT (p < 0.05), but not in MMP-9 null. EMILIN-1 promotes integrin-dependent cell adhesion and EMILIN-1 deficiency has been associated with vascular stiffening. Talin-2, a cytoskeletal protein, was elevated with age in WT (p < 0.05), and MMP-9 deficiency blunted this increase. Talin-2 is highly expressed in adult cardiac myocytes, transduces mechanical force to the ECM, and is activated by increases in substrate stiffness. Our results suggest that MMP-9 deletion may reduce age-related myocardial stiffness, which may explain improved cardiac function in MMP-9 null animals. CONCLUSIONS We identified age-related changes in the cardiac proteome that are MMP-9 dependent, suggesting MMP-9 as a possible therapeutic target for the aging patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugmani Padmanabhan Iyer
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ying Ann Chiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Flynn
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kevin Hakala
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Courtney A Cates
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Susan T Weintraub
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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97
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Aortic Remodelling Is Improved by 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside Involving the Smad3 Pathway in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:789027. [PMID: 26693246 PMCID: PMC4677031 DOI: 10.1155/2015/789027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a common health problem that substantially increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The condition increases blood pressure, which causes alterations in vascular structure and leads to the development of vascular pathologies. 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG), a resveratrol analogue extracted from a Chinese medicinal plant, has been proven to have numerous vascular protection functions. This study investigated whether THSG can improve vascular remodeling, which has thus far remained unclear. Orally administering THSG to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) aged 12 weeks for 14 weeks significantly inhibited intima-media thickness in the lower parts of the aortic arch, increased the vascular diastolic rate in response to acetylcholine, and reduced remodelling-related mRNA expression, such as that of ACTA2, CCL3, COL1A2, COL3A1, TIMP1 WISP2, IGFBP1, ECE1, KLF5, MYL1 BMP4, FN1, and PAI-1. Immunofluorescence staining also showed an inhibitory effect similar to that of THSG on PAI-1 protein expression in rat aortas. Results from immunoprecipitation and a Western blot assay showed that THSG inhibited the acetylation of Smad3. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that THSG prevented Smad3 binding to the PAI-1 proximal promoter in SHR aortas. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of THSG on aortic remodelling involved the deacetylating role of Smad3 with increasing blood flow and with constant blood pressure.
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98
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Capuano A, Bucciotti F, Farwell KD, Tippin Davis B, Mroske C, Hulick PJ, Weissman SM, Gao Q, Spessotto P, Colombatti A, Doliana R. Diagnostic Exome Sequencing Identifies a Novel Gene, EMILIN1, Associated with Autosomal-Dominant Hereditary Connective Tissue Disease. Hum Mutat 2015; 37:84-97. [PMID: 26462740 PMCID: PMC4738430 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heritable connective tissue diseases are a highly heterogeneous family of over 200 disorders that affect the extracellular matrix. While the genetic basis of several disorders is established, the etiology has not been discovered for a large portion of patients, likely due to rare yet undiscovered disease genes. By performing trio‐exome sequencing of a 55‐year‐old male proband presenting with multiple symptoms indicative of a connective disorder, we identified a heterozygous missense alteration in exon 1 of the Elastin Microfibril Interfacer 1 (EMILIN1) gene, c.64G>A (p.A22T). The proband presented with ascending and descending aortic aneurysms, bilateral lower leg and foot sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, arthropathy, and increased skin elasticity. Sanger sequencing confirmed that the EMILIN1 alteration, which maps around the signal peptide cleavage site, segregated with disease in the affected proband, mother, and son. The impaired secretion of EMILIN‐1 in cells transfected with the mutant p.A22T coincided with abnormal protein accumulation within the endoplasmic reticulum. In skin biopsy of the proband, we detected less EMILIN‐1 with disorganized and abnormal coarse fibrils, aggregated deposits underneath the epidermis basal lamina, and dermal cells apoptosis. These findings collectively suggest that EMILIN1 may represent a new disease gene associated with an autosomal‐dominant connective tissue disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Capuano
- Department of Translational Research, CRO-IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Francesco Bucciotti
- Department of Translational Research, CRO-IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Peter J Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, 60201
| | - Scott M Weissman
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, 60201
| | - Qingshen Gao
- NorthShore Research Institute, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, 60201
| | - Paola Spessotto
- Department of Translational Research, CRO-IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Alfonso Colombatti
- Department of Translational Research, CRO-IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Roberto Doliana
- Department of Translational Research, CRO-IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
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99
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Feng W, Ying WZ, Aaron KJ, Sanders PW. Transforming growth factor-β mediates endothelial dysfunction in rats during high salt intake. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F1018-25. [PMID: 26447221 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00328.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to be predictive of subsequent cardiovascular events and death. Through a mechanism that is incompletely understood, increased dietary salt intake promotes endothelial dysfunction in healthy, salt-resistant humans. The present study tested the hypothesis that dietary salt-induced transforming growth factor (TGF)-β promoted endothelial dysfunction and salt-dependent changes in blood pressure (BP). Sprague-Dawley rats that received diets containing 0.3% NaCl [low salt (LS)] or 8.0% NaCl [high salt (HS)] were treated with vehicle or SB-525334, a specific inhibitor of TGF-β receptor I/activin receptor-like kinase 5, beginning on day 5. BP was monitored using radiotelemetry in four groups of rats (LS, LS + SB-525334, HS, and HS + SB-525334) for up to 14 days. By day 14 of the study, mean daytime systolic BP and mean pulse pressure of the HS group treated with vehicle was greater than those in the other three groups; mean daytime systolic BP and pulse pressure of the HS + SB-525334 group did not differ from the LS and LS + SB-525334-treated groups. Whereas mean systolic BP, mean diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure did not differ among the groups on the seventh day of the study, endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was impaired specifically in the HS group; treatment with the activin receptor-like kinase 5 inhibitor prevented the dietary HS intake-induced increases in phospho-Smad2 (Ser(465/467)) and NADPH oxidase-4 in endothelial lysates and normalized endothelial function. These findings suggest that HS-induced endothelial dysfunction and the development of salt-dependent increases in BP were related to endothelial TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Feng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wei-Zhong Ying
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kristal J Aaron
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Paul W Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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100
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Villa F, Carrizzo A, Spinelli CC, Ferrario A, Malovini A, Maciąg A, Damato A, Auricchio A, Spinetti G, Sangalli E, Dang Z, Madonna M, Ambrosio M, Sitia L, Bigini P, Calì G, Schreiber S, Perls T, Fucile S, Mulas F, Nebel A, Bellazzi R, Madeddu P, Vecchione C, Puca AA. Genetic Analysis Reveals a Longevity-Associated Protein Modulating Endothelial Function and Angiogenesis. Circ Res 2015; 117:333-45. [PMID: 26034043 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.305875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Long living individuals show delay of aging, which is characterized by the progressive loss of cardiovascular homeostasis, along with reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, endothelial dysfunction, and impairment of tissue repair after ischemic injury. OBJECTIVE Exploit genetic analysis of long living individuals to reveal master molecular regulators of physiological aging and new targets for treatment of cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We show that the polymorphic variant rs2070325 (Ile229Val) in bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing-family-B-member-4 (BPIFB4) associates with exceptional longevity, under a recessive genetic model, in 3 independent populations. Moreover, the expression of BPIFB4 is instrumental to maintenance of cellular and vascular homeostasis through regulation of protein synthesis. BPIFB4 phosphorylation/activation by protein-kinase-R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase induces its complexing with 14-3-3 and heat shock protein 90, which is facilitated by the longevity-associated variant. In isolated vessels, BPIFB4 is upregulated by mechanical stress, and its knock-down inhibits endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. In hypertensive rats and old mice, gene transfer of longevity-associated variant-BPIFB4 restores endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling, rescues endothelial dysfunction, and reduces blood pressure levels. Furthermore, BPIFB4 is implicated in vascular repair. BPIFB4 is abundantly expressed in circulating CD34(+) cells of long living individuals, and its knock-down in endothelial progenitor cells precludes their capacity to migrate toward the chemoattractant SDF-1. In a murine model of peripheral ischemia, systemic gene therapy with longevity-associated variant-BPIFB4 promotes the recruitment of hematopoietic stem cells, reparative vascularization, and reperfusion of the ischemic muscle. CONCLUSIONS Longevity-associated variant-BPIFB4 may represent a novel therapeutic tool to fight endothelial dysfunction and promote vascular reparative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Villa
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Chiara C Spinelli
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Anna Ferrario
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Alberto Malovini
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Anna Maciąg
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Antonio Damato
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Alberto Auricchio
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Elena Sangalli
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Zexu Dang
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Michele Madonna
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Mariateresa Ambrosio
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Leopoldo Sitia
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Paolo Bigini
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Gaetano Calì
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Thomas Perls
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Sergio Fucile
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Francesca Mulas
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Almut Nebel
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Riccardo Bellazzi
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.)
| | - Annibale A Puca
- From the National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate (MI), Italy (F.V., C.C.S., A.F.); IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (A.C., A.D., M.M., M.A., S.F., C.V.); Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (A. Malovini, F.M., R.B.); IRCCS Multimedica, Cardiovascular Department, Milan, Italy (A. Maciąg, G.S., E.S., A.A.P.); Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); TIGEM (Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine), Naples, Italy (A.A.); Department of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (Z.D., P.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy (L.S., P.B.); National Research Council, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Naples, Italy (G.C.); Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University and the Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany (S.S., A.N.); Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (T.P.); Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy (S.F.); and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy (C.V., A.A.P.).
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