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The role and therapeutic implication of protein tyrosine phosphatases in Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113188. [PMID: 35676788 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are important regulator of neuronal signal transduction and a growing number of PTPs have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the brains of patients with AD, there are a variety of abnormally phosphorylated proteins, which are closely related to the abnormal expression and activity of PTPs. β-Amyloid plaques (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein are two pathological hallmarks of AD, and their accumulation ultimately leads to neurodegeneration. Studies have shown that protein phosphorylation signaling pathways mediates intracellular accumulation of Aβ and tau during AD development and are involved in synaptic plasticity and other stress responses. Here, we summarized the roles of PTPs related to the pathogenesis of AD and analyzed their therapeutic potential in AD.
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Kostrzewa T, Jończyk J, Drzeżdżon J, Jacewicz D, Górska-Ponikowska M, Kołaczkowski M, Kuban-Jankowska A. Synthesis, In Vitro, and Computational Studies of PTP1B Phosphatase Inhibitors Based on Oxovanadium(IV) and Dioxovanadium(V) Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7034. [PMID: 35806035 PMCID: PMC9267097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main goals of recent bioinorganic chemistry studies has been to design and synthesize novel substances to treat human diseases. The promising compounds are metal-based and metal ion binding components such as vanadium-based compounds. The potential anticancer action of vanadium-based compounds is one of area of investigation in this field. In this study, we present five oxovanadium(IV) and dioxovanadium(V) complexes as potential PTP1B inhibitors with anticancer activity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, the triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, and the human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line. We observed that all tested compounds were effective inhibitors of PTP1B, which correlates with anticancer activity. [VO(dipic)(dmbipy)]·2 H2O (Compound 4) and [VOO(dipic)](2-phepyH)·H2O (Compound 5) possessed the greatest inhibitory effect, with IC50 185.4 ± 9.8 and 167.2 ± 8.0 nM, respectively. To obtain a better understanding of the relationship between the structure of the examined compounds and their activity, we performed a computer simulation of their binding inside the active site of PTP1B. We observed a stronger binding of complexes containing dipicolinic acid with PTP1B. Based on our simulations, we suggested that the studied complexes exert their activity by stabilizing the WPD-loop in an open position and limiting access to the P-loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kostrzewa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jakub Jończyk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Joanna Drzeżdżon
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (J.D.); (D.J.)
| | - Dagmara Jacewicz
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (J.D.); (D.J.)
| | - Magdalena Górska-Ponikowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
- IEMEST Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Alicja Kuban-Jankowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
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Ahn D, Kim J, Nam G, Zhao X, Kwon J, Hwang JY, Kim JK, Yoon SY, Chung SJ. Ethyl Gallate Dual-Targeting PTPN6 and PPARγ Shows Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Obese Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095020. [PMID: 35563411 PMCID: PMC9105384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the high correlation between type 2 diabetes and obesity with complicated conditions has led to the coinage of the term “diabesity”. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) antagonists have shown therapeutic activity for diabesity, respectively. Hence, the discovery of compounds that activate AMPK as well as antagonize PPARγ may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic agents for diabesity. In this study, the knockdown of PTPN6 activated AMPK and suppressed adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. By screening a library of 1033 natural products against PTPN6, we found ethyl gallate to be the most selective inhibitor of PTPN6 (Ki = 3.4 μM). Subsequent assay identified ethyl gallate as the best PPARγ antagonist (IC50 = 5.4 μM) among the hit compounds inhibiting PTPN6. Ethyl gallate upregulated glucose uptake and downregulated adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells as anticipated. These results strongly suggest that ethyl gallate, which targets both PTPN6 and PPARγ, is a potent therapeutic candidate to combat diabesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohee Ahn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (D.A.); (J.K.); (G.N.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.H.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Jinsoo Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (D.A.); (J.K.); (G.N.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.H.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Gibeom Nam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (D.A.); (J.K.); (G.N.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.H.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (D.A.); (J.K.); (G.N.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.H.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Jihee Kwon
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Ji Young Hwang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (D.A.); (J.K.); (G.N.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.H.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Jae Kwan Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (D.A.); (J.K.); (G.N.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.H.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Sun-Young Yoon
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Kwangju Women’s University, Gwangju 62396, Korea;
| | - Sang J. Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (D.A.); (J.K.); (G.N.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.H.); (J.K.K.)
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-290-7703
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type Z in Central Nervous System Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084414. [PMID: 35457233 PMCID: PMC9024684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are among the most common tumors of the central nervous system and include highly malignant subtypes, such as glioblastoma, which are associated with poor prognosis. Effective treatments are therefore urgently needed. Despite the recent advances in neuroimaging technologies, differentiating gliomas from other brain diseases such as multiple sclerosis remains challenging in some patients, and often requires invasive brain biopsy. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (PTPRZ) is a heavily glycosylated membrane protein that is highly expressed in the central nervous system. Several reports analyzing mouse tumor models suggest that PTPRZ may have potential as a therapeutic target for gliomas. A soluble cleaved form of PTPRZ (sPTPRZ) in the cerebrospinal fluid is markedly upregulated in glioma patients, making it another promising diagnostic biomarker. Intriguingly, PTPRZ is also involved in the process of remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Indeed, lowered PTPRZ glycosylation by deletion of the glycosyltransferase gene leads to reduced astrogliosis and enhanced remyelination in mouse models of demyelination. Here, we review the expression, molecular structure, and biological roles of PTPRZ. We also discuss glioma and demyelinating diseases, as well as the pathological role of PTPRZ and its application as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.
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Brian BF, Sjaastad FV, Freedman TS. SH3-domain mutations selectively disrupt Csk homodimerization or PTPN22 binding. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5875. [PMID: 35393453 PMCID: PMC8989918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinase Csk is the primary negative regulator of the Src-family kinases (SFKs, e.g., Lck, Fyn, Lyn, Hck, Fgr, Blk, Yes), phosphorylating a tyrosine on the SFK C-terminal tail that mediates autoinhibition. Csk also binds phosphatases, including PTPN12 (PTP-PEST) and immune-cell PTPN22 (LYP/Pep), which dephosphorylate the SFK activation loop to promote autoinhibition. Csk-binding proteins (e.g., CBP/PAG1) oligomerize within membrane microdomains, and high local concentration promotes Csk function. Purified Csk homodimerizes in solution through an interface that overlaps the phosphatase binding footprint. Here we demonstrate that Csk can homodimerize in Jurkat T cells, in competition with PTPN22 binding. We designed SH3-domain mutations in Csk that selectively impair homodimerization (H21I) or PTPN22 binding (K43D) and verified their kinase activity in solution. Disruption of either interaction in cells, however, decreased the negative-regulatory function of Csk. Csk W47A, a substitution previously reported to block PTPN22 binding, had a secondary effect of impairing homodimerization. Csk H21I and K43D will be useful tools for dissecting the protein-specific drivers of autoimmunity mediated by the human polymorphism PTPN22 R620W, which impairs interaction with Csk and with the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF3. Future investigations of Csk homodimer activity and phosphatase interactions may reveal new facets of SFK regulation in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben F Brian
- Graduate Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94170, USA
| | - Frances V Sjaastad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Department of Cardiac Rhythm Management, Medtronic, Mounds View, MN, 55112, USA
| | - Tanya S Freedman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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The tyrosine phosphatase PTPN14 inhibits the activation of STAT3 in PEDV infected Vero cells. Vet Microbiol 2022; 267:109391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kim J, Son J, Ahn D, Nam G, Zhao X, Park H, Jeong W, Chung SJ. Structure-Activity Relationship of Synthetic Ginkgolic Acid Analogs for Treating Type 2 Diabetes by PTPN9 Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073927. [PMID: 35409287 PMCID: PMC8999917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolic acid (C13:0) (GA), isolated from Ginkgo biloba, is a potential therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes. A series of GA analogs were designed and synthesized for the evaluation of their structure–activity relationship with respect to their antidiabetic effects. Unlike GA, the synthetic analog 1e exhibited improved inhibitory activity against PTPN9 and significantly stimulated glucose uptake via AMPK phosphorylation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes; it also induced insulin-dependent AKT activation in C2C12 myotubes in a concentration-dependent manner. Docking simulation results showed that 1e had a better binding affinity through a unique hydrophobic interaction with a PTPN9 hydrophobic groove. Moreover, 1e ameliorated palmitate-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 cells. This study showed that 1e increases glucose uptake and suppresses palmitate-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes via PTPN9 inhibition; thus, it is a promising therapeutic candidate for treating type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoo Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.K.); (D.A.); (G.N.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jinyoung Son
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.S.); (H.P.); (W.J.)
| | - Dohee Ahn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.K.); (D.A.); (G.N.); (X.Z.)
| | - Gibeom Nam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.K.); (D.A.); (G.N.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.K.); (D.A.); (G.N.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hyuna Park
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.S.); (H.P.); (W.J.)
| | - Woojoo Jeong
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.S.); (H.P.); (W.J.)
| | - Sang J. Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.K.); (D.A.); (G.N.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.S.); (H.P.); (W.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Boni C, Sorio C. The Role of the Tumor Suppressor Gene Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Gamma in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:768969. [PMID: 35071225 PMCID: PMC8766859 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.768969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTPs) family are associated with growth regulation and cancer development. Acting as natural counterpart of tyrosine kinases (TKs), mainly involved in crucial signaling pathways such as regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis, they represent key parts of complex physiological homeostatic mechanisms. Protein tyrosine phosphatase gamma (PTPRG) is classified as a R5 of the receptor type (RPTPs) subfamily and is broadly expressed in various isoforms in different tissues. PTPRG is considered a tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) mapped on chromosome 3p14-21, a region frequently subject to loss of heterozygosity in various tumors. However, reported mechanisms of PTPRG downregulation include missense mutations, ncRNA gene regulation and epigenetic silencing by hypermethylation of CpG sites on promoter region causing loss of function of the gene product. Inactive forms or total loss of PTPRG protein have been described in sporadic and Lynch syndrome colorectal cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, ovarian, breast, and lung cancers, gastric cancer or diseases affecting the hematopoietic compartment as Lymphoma and Leukemia. Noteworthy, in Central Nervous System (CNS) PTPRZ/PTPRG appears to be crucial in maintaining glioblastoma cell-related neuronal stemness, carving out a pathological functional role also in this tissue. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the role of PTPRG in various human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Boni
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Sorio
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Hongdusit A, Liechty ET, Fox JM. Analysis of Three Architectures for Controlling PTP1B with Light. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:61-68. [PMID: 34898189 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photosensory domains are powerful tools for placing proteins under optical control, but their integration into light-sensitive chimeras is often challenging. Many designs require structural iterations, and direct comparisons of alternative approaches are rare. This study uses protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), an influential regulatory enzyme, to compare three architectures for controlling PTPs with light: a protein fusion, an insertion chimera, and a split construct. All three designs permitted optical control of PTP1B activity in vitro (i.e., kinetic assays of purified enzyme) and in mammalian cells; photoresponses measured under both conditions, while different in magnitude, were linearly correlated. The fusion- and insertion-based architectures exhibited the highest dynamic range and maintained native localization patterns in mammalian cells. A single insertion architecture enabled optical control of both PTP1B and TCPTP, but not SHP2, where the analogous chimera was active but not photoswitchable. Findings suggest that PTPs are highly tolerant of domain insertions and support the use of in vitro screens to evaluate different optogenetic designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akarawin Hongdusit
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Evan T. Liechty
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jerome M. Fox
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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Boni C, Laudanna C, Sorio C. A Comprehensive Review of Receptor-Type Tyrosine-Protein Phosphatase Gamma (PTPRG) Role in Health and Non-Neoplastic Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:84. [PMID: 35053232 PMCID: PMC8773835 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor gamma (PTPRG) is known to interact with and regulate several tyrosine kinases, exerting a tumor suppressor role in several type of cancers. Its wide expression in human tissues compared to the other component of group 5 of receptor phosphatases, PTPRZ expressed as a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in the central nervous system, has raised interest in its role as a possible regulatory switch of cell signaling processes. Indeed, a carbonic anhydrase-like domain (CAH) and a fibronectin type III domain are present in the N-terminal portion and were found to be associated with its role as [HCO3-] sensor in vascular and renal tissues and a possible interaction domain for cell adhesion, respectively. Studies on PTPRG ligands revealed the contactins family (CNTN) as possible interactors. Furthermore, the correlation of PTPRG phosphatase with inflammatory processes in different normal tissues, including cancer, and the increasing amount of its soluble form (sPTPRG) in plasma, suggest a possible role as inflammatory marker. PTPRG has important roles in human diseases; for example, neuropsychiatric and behavioral disorders and various types of cancer such as colon, ovary, lung, breast, central nervous system, and inflammatory disorders. In this review, we sum up our knowledge regarding the latest discoveries in order to appreciate PTPRG function in the various tissues and diseases, along with an interactome map of its relationship with a group of validated molecular interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudio Sorio
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.B.); (C.L.)
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Elhassan RM, Hou X, Fang H. Recent advances in the development of allosteric protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors for drug discovery. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:1064-1110. [PMID: 34791703 DOI: 10.1002/med.21871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) superfamily catalyzes tyrosine de-phosphorylation which affects a myriad of cellular processes. Imbalance in signal pathways mediated by PTPs has been associated with development of many human diseases including cancer, metabolic, and immunological diseases. Several compelling evidence suggest that many members of PTP family are novel therapeutic targets. However, the clinical development of conventional PTP-based active-site inhibitors originally was hampered by the poor selectivity and pharmacokinetic properties. In this regard, PTPs has been widely dismissed as "undruggable." Nonetheless, allosteric modulation has become increasingly an influential and alternative approach that can be exploited for drug development against PTPs. Unlike active-site inhibitors, allosteric inhibitors exhibit a remarkable target-selectivity, drug-likeness, potency, and in vivo activity. Intriguingly, there has been a high interest in novel allosteric PTPs inhibitors within the last years. In this review, we focus on the recent advances of allosteric inhibitors that have been explored in drug discovery and have shown an excellent result in the development of PTPs-based therapeutics. A special emphasis is placed on the structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanistic studies illustrating applications in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham M Elhassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuben Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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62
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Parkinson G, Roboti P, Zhang L, Taylor S, Woodman P. His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase and Rabaptin-5 couple endo-lysosomal sorting of EGFR with endosomal maturation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272512. [PMID: 34657963 PMCID: PMC8627557 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP; also known as PTPN23) collaborates with endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) to sort endosomal cargo into intralumenal vesicles, forming the multivesicular body (MVB). Completion of MVB sorting is accompanied by maturation of the endosome into a late endosome, an event that requires inactivation of the early endosomal GTPase Rab5 (herein referring to generically to all isoforms). Here, we show that HD-PTP links ESCRT function with endosomal maturation. HD-PTP depletion prevents MVB sorting, while also blocking cargo from exiting Rab5-rich endosomes. HD-PTP-depleted cells contain hyperphosphorylated Rabaptin-5 (also known as RABEP1), a cofactor for the Rab5 guanine nucleotide exchange factor Rabex-5 (also known as RABGEF1), although HD-PTP is unlikely to directly dephosphorylate Rabaptin-5. In addition, HD-PTP-depleted cells exhibit Rabaptin-5-dependent hyperactivation of Rab5. HD-PTP binds directly to Rabaptin-5, between its Rabex-5- and Rab5-binding domains. This binding reaction involves the ESCRT-0/ESCRT-III binding site in HD-PTP, which is competed for by an ESCRT-III peptide. Jointly, these findings indicate that HD-PTP may alternatively scaffold ESCRTs and modulate Rabex-5–Rabaptin-5 activity, thereby helping to coordinate the completion of MVB sorting with endosomal maturation. Summary: Sorting of endocytic cargo to the multivesicular body is accompanied by endosomal maturation. Here, we provide a potential mechanism by which these two processes are linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Parkinson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic and Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Peristera Roboti
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic and Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ling Zhang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic and Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sandra Taylor
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic and Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Philip Woodman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic and Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Xu L, Wang P, Zhang W, Li W, Liu T, Che X. Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 11 Is a Prognostic Biomarker of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:757498. [PMID: 34660327 PMCID: PMC8513537 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.757498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), including intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA), and distal (dCCA) CCA, is a highly aggressive malignancy originating from bile duct. The prognosis of CCA is very poor, and the biomarker study is unsatisfactory compared with other common cancers. Materials and methods In our study, we investigated the expression of dual-specificity phosphatase 11(DUSP11) in eight pairs of iCCAs, pCCAs, and dCCAs, and their corresponding tumor-adjacent tissues, as well as their tumor-adjacent tissues with qPCR. Moreover, we investigated the expression of DUSP11 in 174 cases of CCAs with immunohistochemistry, including 74 iCCAs, 64 pCCAs, and 36 dCCAs. We classified these patients into subsets with low and high expressions of DUSP11, and evaluated the correlations between the DUSP11 subsets and clinicopathological factors. With univariate and multivariate analyses, we assessed the correlation between DUSP11 and the overall survival (OS) rates in these CCA patients. Results In all the CCA subtypes, DUSP11 was elevated in CCAs compared with their paired adjacent tissues. In iCCA, pCCA, and dCCA, the percentages of DUSP11 high expression were 44.59%, 53.85%, and 55.56%, respectively. In iCCA, high DUSP11 expression was significantly associated with an advanced T stage and a poor prognosis. However, the prognostic value of DUSP11 in pCCA and dCCA was not significant. To decrease the statistical error caused by the small sample size of the dCCA cohort, we merged pCCA and dCCA into extracellular CCA (eCCA). In the 101 cases of eCCA, DUSP11 expression was also not significantly associated with the prognosis. Conclusions DUSP11 expression was associated with tumor infiltration and the OS rate in iCCA, but not in pCCA and dCCA. DUSP11 was an independent biomarker of iCCA indicating a poor prognosis. Our results suggested that a high expression of DUSP11 was a post-operational risk factor, and detecting DUSP11 could guide the individual treatment for patients with CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Oncology Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Oncology Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Che
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Design, synthesis, kinetic, molecular dynamics, and hypoglycemic effect characterization of new and potential selective benzimidazole derivatives as Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 48:116418. [PMID: 34563877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of insulin signaling pathway and has been validated as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. A wide variety of scaffolds have been included in the structure of PTP1B inhibitors, one of them is the benzimidazole nucleus. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a new series of di- and tri- substituted benzimidazole derivatives including their kinetic and structural characterization as PTP1B inhibitors and hypoglycemic activity. Results show that compounds 43, 44, 45, and 46 are complete mixed type inhibitors with a Ki of 12.6 μM for the most potent (46). SAR type analysis indicates that a chloro substituent at position 6(5), a β-naphthyloxy at position 5(6), and a p-benzoic acid attached to the linker 2-thioacetamido at position 2 of the benzimidazole nucleus, was the best combination for PTP1B inhibition and hypoglycemic activity. In addition, molecular dynamics studies suggest that these compounds could be potential selective inhibitors from other PTPs such as its closest homologous TCPTP, SHP-1, SHP-2 and CDC25B. Therefore, the compounds reported here are good hits that provide structural, kinetic, and biological information that can be used to develop novel and selective PTP1B inhibitors based on benzimidazole scaffold.
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65
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Kim M, Reinhard C, Niehrs C. A MET-PTPRK kinase-phosphatase rheostat controls ZNRF3 and Wnt signaling. eLife 2021; 10:70885. [PMID: 34590584 PMCID: PMC8516413 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3) is a transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets Wnt receptors for ubiquitination and lysosomal degradation. Previously, we showed that dephosphorylation of an endocytic tyrosine motif (4Y motif) in ZNRF3 by protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type kappa (PTPRK) promotes ZNRF3 internalization and Wnt receptor degradation (Chang et al 2020). However, a responsible protein tyrosine kinase(s) (PTK) phosphorylating the 4Y motif remained elusive. Here we identify the proto-oncogene MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor) as a 4Y kinase. MET binds to ZNRF3 and induces 4Y phosphorylation, stimulated by the MET ligand HGF (hepatocyte growth factor, scatter factor). HGF-MET signaling reduces ZNRF3-dependent Wnt receptor degradation thereby enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conversely, depletion or pharmacological inhibition of MET promotes the internalization of ZNRF3 and Wnt receptor degradation. We conclude that HGF-MET signaling phosphorylates- and PTPRK dephosphorylates ZNRF3 to regulate ZNRF3 internalization, functioning as a rheostat for Wnt signaling that may offer novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseong Kim
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Reinhard
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
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66
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Coley AB, Ward A, Keeton AB, Chen X, Maxuitenko Y, Prakash A, Li F, Foote JB, Buchsbaum DJ, Piazza GA. Pan-RAS inhibitors: Hitting multiple RAS isozymes with one stone. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 153:131-168. [PMID: 35101229 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the three RAS oncogenes are present in approximately 30% of all human cancers that drive tumor growth and metastasis by aberrant activation of RAS-mediated signaling. Despite the well-established role of RAS in tumorigenesis, past efforts to develop small molecule inhibitors have failed for various reasons leading many to consider RAS as "undruggable." Advances over the past decade with KRAS(G12C) mutation-specific inhibitors have culminated in the first FDA-approved RAS drug, sotorasib. However, the patient population that stands to benefit from KRAS(G12C) inhibitors is inherently limited to those patients harboring KRAS(G12C) mutations. Additionally, both intrinsic and acquired mechanisms of resistance have been reported that indicate allele-specificity may afford disadvantages. For example, the compensatory activation of uninhibited wild-type (WT) NRAS and HRAS isozymes can rescue cancer cells harboring KRAS(G12C) mutations from allele-specific inhibition or the occurrence of other mutations in KRAS. It is therefore prudent to consider alternative drug discovery strategies that may overcome these potential limitations. One such approach is pan-RAS inhibition, whereby all RAS isozymes co-expressed in the tumor cell population are targeted by a single inhibitor to block constitutively activated RAS regardless of the underlying mutation. This chapter provides a review of past and ongoing strategies to develop pan-RAS inhibitors in detail and seeks to outline the trajectory of this promising strategy of RAS inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Coley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States; Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Antonio Ward
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States; Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Adam B Keeton
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Yulia Maxuitenko
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Jeremy B Foote
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Donald J Buchsbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gary A Piazza
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.
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67
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Abstract
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases reverse cellular signals initiated by growth factors receptors and other tyrosine kinases by dephosphorylating phosphotyrosine on target proteins. The activity of these enzymes is crucial for maintaining cell homeostasis, yet these enzymes have been often dismissed as humble house-keeping proteins. Understandably, mutations and changes in expression patterns of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases are implicated in tumorigenesis and various carcinomas. The conserved nature of their catalytic domains makes drug discovery a challenging pursuit. In this review, we focus on describing the various classes of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases and their catalytic domains. We also summarize their role in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases using specific members as the model system. Finally, we explain the dichotomy in the biological role of catalytically active vs the pseudoenzyme forms of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in the context of their membrane bound receptor forms. This chapter aims to provide a current understanding of these proteins, in the background of their foundational past research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin L Welsh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Preeti Pandey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lalima G Ahuja
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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Wang Y, Salvucci O, Ohnuki H, Tran AD, Ha T, Feng J, DiPrima M, Kwak H, Wang D, Yu Y, Kruhlak M, Tosato G. Targeting the SHP2 phosphatase promotes vascular damage and inhibition of tumor growth. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14089. [PMID: 34102002 PMCID: PMC8261520 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is oncogenic in cancers driven by receptor-tyrosine-kinases, and SHP2 inhibition reduces tumor growth. Here, we report that SHP2 is an essential promoter of endothelial cell survival and growth in the remodeling tumor vasculature. Using genetic and chemical approaches to inhibit SHP2 activity in endothelial cells, we show that SHP2 inhibits pro-apoptotic STAT3 and stimulates proliferative ERK1/2 signaling. Systemic SHP2 inhibition in mice bearing tumor types selected for SHP2-independent tumor cell growth promotes degeneration of the tumor vasculature and blood extravasation; reduces tumor vascularity and blood perfusion; and increases tumor necrosis. Reduction of tumor growth ensues, independent of SHP2 targeting in the tumor cells, blocking immune checkpoints, or recruiting macrophages. We also show that inhibiting the Angiopoietin/TIE2/AKT cascade magnifies the vascular and anti-tumor effects of SHP2 inhibition by blocking tumor endothelial AKT signaling, not a target of SHP2. Since the SHP2 and Ang2/TIE2 pathways are active in vascular endothelial cells of human melanoma and colon carcinoma, SHP2 inhibitors alone or with Ang2/TIE2 inhibitors hold promise to effectively target the tumor endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Ombretta Salvucci
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Hidetaka Ohnuki
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Andy D Tran
- Center for Cancer Research Microscopy CoreLaboratory of Cancer Biology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Taekyu Ha
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Jing‐Xin Feng
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Michael DiPrima
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Hyeongil Kwak
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Dunrui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and GeneticsCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Michael Kruhlak
- Center for Cancer Research Microscopy CoreLaboratory of Cancer Biology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Giovanna Tosato
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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69
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Montresor A, Toffali L, Fumagalli L, Constantin G, Rigo A, Ferrarini I, Vinante F, Laudanna C. Activation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type γ Suppresses Mechanisms of Adhesion and Survival in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:671-684. [PMID: 34162728 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory role of protein tyrosine kinases in β1- and β2-integrin activation and in the survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells is well established. In contrast, the involvement of protein tyrosine phosphatases in CLL biology was less investigated. We show that selective activation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type γ (PTPRG) strongly suppresses integrin activation and survival in leukemic B cells isolated from patients with CLL. Activation of PTPRG specifically inhibits CXCR4- as well as BCR-induced triggering of LFA-1 and VLA-4 integrins and mediated rapid adhesion. Triggering of LFA-1 affinity is also prevented by PTPRG activity. Analysis of signaling mechanisms shows that activation of PTPRG blocks chemokine-induced triggering of JAK2 and Bruton's tyrosine kinase protein tyrosine kinases and of the small GTP-binding protein RhoA. Furthermore, activated PTPRG triggers rapid and robust caspase-3/7-mediated apoptosis in CLL cells in a manner quantitatively comparable to the Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib. However, in contrast to ibrutinib, PTPRG-triggered apoptosis is insensitive to prosurvival signals generated by CXCR4 and BCR signaling. Importantly, PTPRG activation does not trigger apoptosis in healthy B lymphocytes. The data show that activated PTPRG inhibits, at once, the signaling pathways controlling adhesion and survival of CLL cells, thus emerging as a negative regulator of CLL pathogenesis. These findings suggest that pharmacological potentiation of PTPRG tyrosine-phosphatase enzymatic activity could represent a novel approach to CLL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Montresor
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Laboratory of Cell Trafficking and Signal Transduction, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lara Toffali
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Laboratory of Cell Trafficking and Signal Transduction, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Laboratory of Cell Trafficking and Signal Transduction, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; and
| | - Antonella Rigo
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, Cancer Research and Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Isacco Ferrarini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, Cancer Research and Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vinante
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, Cancer Research and Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carlo Laudanna
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Laboratory of Cell Trafficking and Signal Transduction, University of Verona, Verona, Italy;
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70
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Sarkar A, Kim EY, Jang T, Hongdusit A, Kim H, Choi JM, Fox JM. Microbially Guided Discovery and Biosynthesis of Biologically Active Natural Products. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1505-1519. [PMID: 33988973 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The design of small molecules that inhibit disease-relevant proteins represents a longstanding challenge of medicinal chemistry. Here, we describe an approach for encoding this challenge-the inhibition of a human drug target-into a microbial host and using it to guide the discovery and biosynthesis of targeted, biologically active natural products. This approach identified two previously unknown terpenoid inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), an elusive therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes and cancer. Both inhibitors appear to target an allosteric site, which confers selectivity, and can inhibit PTP1B in living cells. A screen of 24 uncharacterized terpene synthases from a pool of 4464 genes uncovered additional hits, demonstrating a scalable discovery approach, and the incorporation of different PTPs into the microbial host yielded alternative PTP-specific detection systems. Findings illustrate the potential for using microbes to discover and build natural products that exhibit precisely defined biochemical activities yet possess unanticipated structures and/or binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sarkar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Edward Y. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Taehwan Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Akarawin Hongdusit
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Mo Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jerome M. Fox
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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71
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Guo Y, Xu Y, Dong X, Zhang J. Cross the Undruggable Barrier, the Development of SHP2 Inhibitors: From Catalytic Site Inhibitors to Allosteric Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Institution The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine) Hangzhou 310006 P.R. China
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72
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Spill YG, Karami Y, Maisonneuve P, Wolff N, Nilges M. Automatic Bayesian Weighting for SAXS Data. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:671011. [PMID: 34150847 PMCID: PMC8212126 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.671011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments are important in structural biology because they are solution methods, and do not require crystallization of protein complexes. Structure determination from SAXS data, however, poses some difficulties. Computation of a SAXS profile from a protein model is expensive in CPU time. Hence, rather than directly refining against the data, most computational methods generate a large number of conformers and then filter the structures based on how well they satisfy the SAXS data. To address this issue in an efficient manner, we propose here a Bayesian model for SAXS data and use it to directly drive a Monte Carlo simulation. We show that the automatic weighting of SAXS data is the key to finding optimal structures efficiently. Another key problem with obtaining structures from SAXS data is that proteins are often flexible and the data represents an average over a structural ensemble. To address this issue, we first characterize the stability of the best model with extensive molecular dynamics simulations. We analyse the resulting trajectories further to characterize a dynamic structural ensemble satisfying the SAXS data. The combination of methods is applied to a tandem of domains from the protein PTPN4, which are connected by an unstructured linker. We show that the SAXS data contain information that supports and extends other experimental findings. We also show that the conformation obtained by the Bayesian analysis is stable, but that a minor conformation is present. We propose a mechanism in which the linker may maintain PTPN4 in an inhibited enzymatic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick G Spill
- Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Structural Bioinformatics Unit, CNRS UMR 3528, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Yasaman Karami
- Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Structural Bioinformatics Unit, CNRS UMR 3528, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Maisonneuve
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Cellule Pasteur UPMC, Paris, France.,Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, NMR of Biomolecules Unit, CNRS UMR 3528, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France.,Center for Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolas Wolff
- Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, NMR of Biomolecules Unit, CNRS UMR 3528, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France.,Department of Neuroscience, Current Address, Channel-Receptors Unit, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Michael Nilges
- Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Structural Bioinformatics Unit, CNRS UMR 3528, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
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Type IIa RPTPs and Glycans: Roles in Axon Regeneration and Synaptogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115524. [PMID: 34073798 PMCID: PMC8197235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type IIa receptor tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) play pivotal roles in neuronal network formation. It is emerging that the interactions of RPTPs with glycans, i.e., chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS), are critical for their functions. We highlight here the significance of these interactions in axon regeneration and synaptogenesis. For example, PTPσ, a member of type IIa RPTPs, on axon terminals is monomerized and activated by the extracellular CS deposited in neural injuries, dephosphorylates cortactin, disrupts autophagy flux, and consequently inhibits axon regeneration. In contrast, HS induces PTPσ oligomerization, suppresses PTPσ phosphatase activity, and promotes axon regeneration. PTPσ also serves as an organizer of excitatory synapses. PTPσ and neurexin bind one another on presynapses and further bind to postsynaptic leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein 4 (LRRTM4). Neurexin is now known as a heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), and its HS is essential for the binding between these three molecules. Another HSPG, glypican 4, binds to presynaptic PTPσ and postsynaptic LRRTM4 in an HS-dependent manner. Type IIa RPTPs are also involved in the formation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses by heterophilic binding to a variety of postsynaptic partners. We also discuss the important issue of possible mechanisms coordinating axon extension and synapse formation.
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PD-1 suppresses TCR-CD8 cooperativity during T-cell antigen recognition. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2746. [PMID: 33980853 PMCID: PMC8115078 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical success of blocking its interactions, how PD-1 inhibits T-cell activation is incompletely understood, as exemplified by its potency far exceeding what might be predicted from its affinity for PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1). This may be partially attributed to PD-1's targeting the proximal signaling of the T-cell receptor (TCR) and co-stimulatory receptor CD28 via activating Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatases (SHPs). Here, we report PD-1 signaling regulates the initial TCR antigen recognition manifested in a smaller spreading area, fewer molecular bonds formed, and shorter bond lifetime of T cell interaction with peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) in the presence than absence of PD-L1 in a manner dependent on SHPs and Leukocyte C-terminal Src kinase. Our results identify a PD-1 inhibitory mechanism that disrupts the cooperative TCR-pMHC-CD8 trimolecular interaction, which prevents CD8 from augmenting antigen recognition, explaining PD-1's potent inhibitory function and its value as a target for clinical intervention.
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75
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Xu YF, Chen X, Yang Z, Xiao P, Liu CH, Li KS, Yang XZ, Wang YJ, Zhu ZL, Xu ZG, Zhang S, Wang C, Song YC, Zhao WD, Wang CH, Ji ZL, Zhang ZY, Cui M, Sun JP, Yu X. PTP-MEG2 regulates quantal size and fusion pore opening through two distinct structural bases and substrates. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52141. [PMID: 33764618 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation of secretion machinery proteins is a crucial regulatory mechanism for exocytosis. However, the participation of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in different exocytosis stages has not been defined. Here we demonstrate that PTP-MEG2 controls multiple steps of catecholamine secretion. Biochemical and crystallographic analyses reveal key residues that govern the interaction between PTP-MEG2 and its substrate, a peptide containing the phosphorylated NSF-pY83 site, specify PTP-MEG2 substrate selectivity, and modulate the fusion of catecholamine-containing vesicles. Unexpectedly, delineation of PTP-MEG2 mutants along with the NSF binding interface reveals that PTP-MEG2 controls the fusion pore opening through NSF independent mechanisms. Utilizing bioinformatics search and biochemical and electrochemical screening approaches, we uncover that PTP-MEG2 regulates the opening and extension of the fusion pore by dephosphorylating the DYNAMIN2-pY125 and MUNC18-1-pY145 sites. Further structural and biochemical analyses confirmed the interaction of PTP-MEG2 with MUNC18-1-pY145 or DYNAMIN2-pY125 through a distinct structural basis compared with that of the NSF-pY83 site. Our studies thus provide mechanistic insights in complex exocytosis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chun-Hua Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Kang-Shuai Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi-Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - You-Chen Song
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei-Dong Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang-He Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Min Cui
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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76
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Crean RM, Biler M, van der Kamp MW, Hengge AC, Kamerlin SCL. Loop Dynamics and Enzyme Catalysis in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3830-3845. [PMID: 33661624 PMCID: PMC8031367 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play an important role in cellular signaling and have been implicated in human cancers, diabetes, and obesity. Despite shared catalytic mechanisms and transition states for the chemical steps of catalysis, catalytic rates within the PTP family vary over several orders of magnitude. These rate differences have been implied to arise from differing conformational dynamics of the closure of a protein loop, the WPD-loop, which carries a catalytically critical residue. The present work reports computational studies of the human protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and YopH from Yersinia pestis, for which NMR has demonstrated a link between their respective rates of WPD-loop motion and catalysis rates, which differ by an order of magnitude. We have performed detailed structural analysis, both conventional and enhanced sampling simulations of their loop dynamics, as well as empirical valence bond simulations of the chemical step of catalysis. These analyses revealed the key residues and structural features responsible for these differences, as well as the residues and pathways that facilitate allosteric communication in these enzymes. Curiously, our wild-type YopH simulations also identify a catalytically incompetent hyper-open conformation of its WPD-loop, sampled as a rare event, previously only experimentally observed in YopH-based chimeras. The effect of differences within the WPD-loop and its neighboring loops on the modulation of loop dynamics, as revealed in this work, may provide a facile means for the family of PTP enzymes to respond to environmental changes and regulate their catalytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory M. Crean
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michal Biler
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marc W. van der Kamp
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University
Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Alvan C. Hengge
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State
University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Shina C. L. Kamerlin
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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77
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Tao Y, Xie J, Zhong Q, Wang Y, Zhang S, Luo F, Wen F, Xie J, Zhao J, Sun X, Long H, Ma J, Zhang Q, Long J, Fang X, Lu Y, Li D, Li M, Zhu J, Sun B, Li G, Diao J, Liu C. A novel partially open state of SHP2 points to a "multiple gear" regulation mechanism. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100538. [PMID: 33722610 PMCID: PMC8054191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 mediates multiple signal transductions in various cellular pathways, controlled by a variety of upstream inputs. SHP2 dysregulation is causative of different types of cancers and developmental disorders, making it a promising drug target. However, how SHP2 is modulated by its different regulators remains largely unknown. Here, we use single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate this question. We identify a partially open, semiactive conformation of SHP2 that is intermediate between the known open and closed states. We further demonstrate a “multiple gear” regulatory mechanism, in which different activators (e.g., insulin receptor substrate-1 and CagA), oncogenic mutations (e.g., E76A), and allosteric inhibitors (e.g., SHP099) can shift the equilibrium of the three conformational states and regulate SHP2 activity to different levels. Our work reveals the essential role of the intermediate state in fine-tuning the activity of SHP2, which may provide new opportunities for drug development for relevant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqi Tao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfei Xie
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglu Zhong
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yongyao Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengcai Wen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Houfang Long
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xianyang Fang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Lu
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jidong Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohui Li
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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78
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The rise and fall of anandamide: processes that control synthesis, degradation, and storage. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2753-2775. [PMID: 33713246 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anandamide is an endocannabinoid derived from arachidonic acid-containing membrane lipids and has numerous biological functions. Its effects are primarily mediated by the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, and the vanilloid TRPV1 receptor. Anandamide is known to be involved in sleeping and eating patterns as well as pleasure enhancement and pain relief. This manuscript provides a review of anandamide synthesis, degradation, and storage and hence the homeostasis of the anandamide signaling system.
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79
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Tong M, Liu P, Sun W, Liu J, Fan N, Wang X, Zhang Z, Song X, Lv C, Wang Y. Molecular dynamics simulation studies on the specific regulation of PTPN18 to the HER2 phospho-peptides. J Mol Recognit 2021; 34:e2890. [PMID: 33620127 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The specific regulation of PTPN18 protein to three HER2 phospho-peptides has been studied by molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. The results revealed that the three HER2 phospho-peptides binding to the PTPN18 catalytic domain is energetically favorable due to substrate specificity of PTPN18, and moreover, the PTPN18 protein have significantly higher affinity to pY1248 peptide (-45.22 kcal/mol) than that of pY1112 (-25.3 kcal/mol) and pY1196 (-31.86 kcal/mol) peptides. Further, the binding of HER2 phospho-peptides to PTPN18 have also caused the closure of WPD-loop with the decrease of the centroid distances between the P-loop and the WPD loop. The WPD-loop closure of PTPN18 relates directly to the new hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction formations between the residues Tyr62, Asp64, Val65, Ala231, Arg235, and Ala273 in PTPN18 and Tyr(PO3) in the HER2 phospho-peptides, which suggests that these key residues would contribute to the specific regulation of PTPN18 to the substrates. The correlation analysis revealed the allosteric communication networks from the pY binding loop to the WPD loop through the structural change and the residue interactions in PTPN18. These results will be helpful to understand the specific regulation through the allosteric communication network in the PTPN18 catalytic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiong Tong
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- The Office of Academic Affairs, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Wan Sun
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Na Fan
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Song
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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80
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Current and Future Challenges in Modern Drug Discovery. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2114:1-17. [PMID: 32016883 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0282-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery is an expensive, time-consuming, and risky business. To avoid late-stage failure, learnings from past projects and the development of new approaches are crucial. New modalities and emerging new target spaces allow the exploration of unprecedented indications or to address so far undrugable targets. Late-stage attrition is usually attributed to the lack of efficacy or to compound-related safety issues. Efficacy has been shown to be related to a strong genetic link to human disease, a better understanding of the target biology, and the availability of biomarkers to bridge from animals to humans. Compound safety can be improved by ligand optimization, which is becoming increasingly demanding for difficult targets. Therefore, new strategies include the design of allosteric ligands, covalent binders, and other modalities. Design methods currently heavily rely on artificial intelligence and advanced computational methods such as free energy calculations and quantum chemistry. Especially for quantum chemical methods, a more detailed overview is given in this chapter.
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81
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Chandel S, Manikandan A, Mehta N, Nathan AA, Tiwari RK, Mohapatra SB, Chandran M, Jaleel A, Manoj N, Dixit M. The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-PEST mediates hypoxia-induced endothelial autophagy and angiogenesis via AMPK activation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs250274. [PMID: 33323505 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Global and endothelial loss of PTP-PEST (also known as PTPN12) is associated with impaired cardiovascular development and embryonic lethality. Although hypoxia is implicated in vascular remodelling and angiogenesis, its effect on PTP-PEST remains unexplored. Here we report that hypoxia (1% oxygen) increases protein levels and catalytic activity of PTP-PEST in primary endothelial cells. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry revealed that α subunits of AMPK (α1 and α2, encoded by PRKAA1 and PRKAA2, respectively) interact with PTP-PEST under normoxia but not in hypoxia. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed this observation and determined that AMPK α subunits interact with the catalytic domain of PTP-PEST. Knockdown of PTP-PEST abrogated hypoxia-mediated tyrosine dephosphorylation and activation of AMPK (Thr172 phosphorylation). Absence of PTP-PEST also blocked hypoxia-induced autophagy (LC3 degradation and puncta formation), which was rescued by the AMPK activator metformin (500 µM). Because endothelial autophagy is a prerequisite for angiogenesis, knockdown of PTP-PEST also attenuated endothelial cell migration and capillary tube formation, with autophagy inducer rapamycin (200 nM) rescuing angiogenesis. In conclusion, this work identifies for the first time that PTP-PEST is a regulator of hypoxia-induced AMPK activation and endothelial autophagy to promote angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Amrutha Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Nikunj Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Abel Arul Nathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Samar Bhallabha Mohapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Mahesh Chandran
- Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thyacaud Post, Thiruvananthpuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thyacaud Post, Thiruvananthpuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Narayanan Manoj
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
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82
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Riley BT, Wankowicz SA, de Oliveira SHP, van Zundert GCP, Hogan DW, Fraser JS, Keedy DA, van den Bedem H. qFit 3: Protein and ligand multiconformer modeling for X-ray crystallographic and single-particle cryo-EM density maps. Protein Sci 2021; 30:270-285. [PMID: 33210433 PMCID: PMC7737783 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
New X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) approaches yield vast amounts of structural data from dynamic proteins and their complexes. Modeling the full conformational ensemble can provide important biological insights, but identifying and modeling an internally consistent set of alternate conformations remains a formidable challenge. qFit efficiently automates this process by generating a parsimonious multiconformer model. We refactored qFit from a distributed application into software that runs efficiently on a small server, desktop, or laptop. We describe the new qFit 3 software and provide some examples. qFit 3 is open-source under the MIT license, and is available at https://github.com/ExcitedStates/qfit-3.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake T. Riley
- Structural Biology InitiativeCUNY Advanced Science Research CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Stephanie A. Wankowicz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Biophysics Graduate ProgramUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Daniel W. Hogan
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - James S. Fraser
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Daniel A. Keedy
- Structural Biology InitiativeCUNY Advanced Science Research CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryCity College of New YorkNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Biology, and ChemistryThe Graduate Center, City University of New YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Henry van den Bedem
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Atomwise, Inc.San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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83
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Mitra R, Ayyannan SR. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Shp2 Phosphatase as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents for Glioblastoma: A Minireview. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:777-787. [PMID: 33210828 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a dreadful cancer characterised by poor prognosis, low survival rate and difficult clinical correlations. Several signalling pathways and molecular mediators are known to precipitate GBM, and small-molecular targets of these mediators have become a favoured thrust area for researchers to develop potent anti-GBM drugs. Shp2, an important phosphatase of the nonreceptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN) subfamily is responsible for master regulation of several such signalling pathways in normal and glioma cells. Thus, inhibition of Shp2 is a logical strategy for the design and development of anti-neoplastic drugs against GBM. Though tapping the full potential of Shp2 binding sites has been challenging, nevertheless, many synthetic and natural scaffolds have been documented as possessing potent and selective anti-Shp2 activities in biochemical and cellular assays, through either active-site or allosteric binding. Most of these scaffolds share a few common pharmacophoric features, a thorough study of which is useful in paving the way for the design and development of improved Shp2 inhibitors. This minireview summarizes the current scenario of potent small-molecule Shp2 inhibitors and emphasizes the anti-GBM potential of some important scaffolds that have shown promising GBM-specific activity in in vitro and in vivo models, thus proving their efficacy in GBM therapy. This review could guide researchers to design new and improved anti-Shp2 pharmacophores and develop them as anti-GBM agents by employing GBM-centric drug-discovery protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangan Mitra
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Senthil R Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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84
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The translation attenuating arginine-rich sequence in the extended signal peptide of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPRJ/DEP1 is conserved in mammals. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240498. [PMID: 33296397 PMCID: PMC7725344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal peptides, present at the N-terminus of many proteins, guide the proteins into cell membranes. In some proteins, the signal peptide is with an extended N-terminal region. Previously, it was demonstrated that the N-terminally extended signal peptide of the human PTPRJ contains a cluster of arginine residues, which attenuates translation. The analysis of the mammalian orthologous sequences revealed that this sequence is highly conserved. The PTPRJ transcripts in placentals, marsupials, and monotremes encode a stretch of 10–14 arginine residues, positioned 11–12 codons downstream of the initiating AUG. The remarkable conservation of the repeated arginine residues in the PTPRJ signal peptides points to their key role. Further, the presence of an arginine cluster in the extended signal peptides of other proteins (E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, NOTCH3) is noted and indicates a more general importance of this cis-acting mechanism of translational suppression.
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85
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Fernandes RA, Su L, Nishiga Y, Ren J, Bhuiyan AM, Cheng N, Kuo CJ, Picton LK, Ohtsuki S, Majzner RG, Rietberg SP, Mackall CL, Yin Q, Ali LR, Yang X, Savvides CS, Sage J, Dougan M, Garcia KC. Immune receptor inhibition through enforced phosphatase recruitment. Nature 2020; 586:779-784. [PMID: 33087934 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies that antagonize extracellular receptor-ligand interactions are used as therapeutic agents for many diseases to inhibit signalling by cell-surface receptors1. However, this approach does not directly prevent intracellular signalling, such as through tonic or sustained signalling after ligand engagement. Here we present an alternative approach for attenuating cell-surface receptor signalling, termed receptor inhibition by phosphatase recruitment (RIPR). This approach compels cis-ligation of cell-surface receptors containing ITAM, ITIM or ITSM tyrosine phosphorylation motifs to the promiscuous cell-surface phosphatase CD452,3, which results in the direct intracellular dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the receptor target. As an example, we found that tonic signalling by the programmed cell death-1 receptor (PD-1) results in residual suppression of T cell activation, but is not inhibited by ligand-antagonist antibodies. We engineered a PD-1 molecule, which we denote RIPR-PD1, that induces cross-linking of PD-1 to CD45 and inhibits both tonic and ligand-activated signalling. RIPR-PD1 demonstrated enhanced inhibition of checkpoint blockade compared with ligand blocking by anti-PD1 antibodies, and increased therapeutic efficacy over anti-PD1 in mouse tumour models. We also show that the RIPR strategy extends to other immune-receptor targets that contain activating or inhibitory ITIM, ITSM or ITAM motifs; for example, inhibition of the macrophage SIRPα 'don't eat me' signal with a SIRPα-CD45 RIPR molecule potentiates antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis beyond that of SIRPα blockade alone. RIPR represents a general strategy for direct attenuation of signalling by kinase-activated cell-surface receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Fernandes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leon Su
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yoko Nishiga
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Junming Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aladdin M Bhuiyan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ning Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lora K Picton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shozo Ohtsuki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robbie G Majzner
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Skyler P Rietberg
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qian Yin
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lestat R Ali
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinbo Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christina S Savvides
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Dougan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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86
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Koseska A, Bastiaens PI. Processing Temporal Growth Factor Patterns by an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Network Dynamically Established in Space. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2020; 36:359-383. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-013020-103810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The proto-oncogenic epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase whose sensitivity and response to growth factor signals that vary over time and space determine cellular behavior within a developing tissue. The molecular reorganization of the receptors on the plasma membrane and the enzyme-kinetic mechanisms of phosphorylation are key determinants that couple growth factor binding to EGFR signaling. To enable signal initiation and termination while simultaneously accounting for suppression of aberrant signaling, a coordinated coupling of EGFR kinase and protein tyrosine phosphatase activity is established through space by vesicular dynamics. The dynamical operation mode of this network enables not only time-varying growth factor sensing but also adaptation of the response depending on cellular context. By connecting spatially coupled enzymatic kinase/phosphatase processes and the corresponding dynamical systems description of the EGFR network, we elaborate on the general principles necessary for processing complex growth factor signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Koseska
- Lise Meitner Group Cellular Computations and Learning, Centre of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), D-53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philippe I.H. Bastiaens
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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87
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Torgeson KR, Clarkson MW, Kumar GS, Page R, Peti W. Cooperative dynamics across distinct structural elements regulate PTP1B activity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13829-13837. [PMID: 32737198 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is the canonical enzyme for investigating how distinct structural elements influence enzyme catalytic activity. Although it is recognized that dynamics are essential for PTP1B function, the data collected thus far have not resolved whether distinct elements are dynamically coordinated or, alternatively, whether they fulfill their respective functions independently. To answer this question, we performed a comprehensive 13C-methyl relaxation study of Ile, Leu, and Val (ILV) residues of PTP1B, which, because of its substantially increased sensitivity, provides a comprehensive understanding of the influence of protein motions on different time scales for enzyme function. We discovered that PTP1B exhibits dynamics at three distinct time scales. First, it undergoes a distinctive slow motion that allows for the dynamic binding and release of its two most N-terminal helices from the catalytic core. Second, we showed that PTP1B 13C-methyl group side chain fast time-scale dynamics and 15N backbone fast time-scale dynamics are fully consistent, demonstrating that fast fluctuations are essential for the allosteric control of PTP1B activity. Third, and most importantly, using 13C ILV constant-time Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill relaxation measurements experiments, we demonstrated that all four catalytically important loops-the WPD, Q, E, and substrate-binding loops-work in dynamic unity throughout the catalytic cycle of PTP1B. Thus, these data show that PTP1B activity is not controlled by a single functional element, but instead all key elements are dynamically coordinated. Together, these data provide the first fully comprehensive picture on how the validated drug target PTP1B functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiane R Torgeson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael W Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ganesan Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Rebecca Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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88
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Pardella E, Pranzini E, Leo A, Taddei ML, Paoli P, Raugei G. Oncogenic Tyrosine Phosphatases: Novel Therapeutic Targets for Melanoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2799. [PMID: 33003469 PMCID: PMC7599540 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a large number of therapeutic options available, malignant melanoma remains a highly fatal disease, especially in its metastatic forms. The oncogenic role of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) is becoming increasingly clear, paving the way for novel antitumor treatments based on their inhibition. In this review, we present the oncogenic PTPs contributing to melanoma progression and we provide, where available, a description of new inhibitory strategies designed against these enzymes and possibly useful in melanoma treatment. Considering the relevance of the immune infiltrate in supporting melanoma progression, we also focus on the role of PTPs in modulating immune cell activity, identifying interesting therapeutic options that may support the currently applied immunomodulating approaches. Collectively, this information highlights the value of going further in the development of new strategies targeting oncogenic PTPs to improve the efficacy of melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pardella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Erica Pranzini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Angela Leo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Maria Letizia Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Giovanni Raugei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.L.); (G.R.)
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89
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Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type F suppresses Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:6789-6801. [PMID: 32973331 PMCID: PMC7606795 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling dysregulation promotes tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the role of PTPRF, a receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase, in regulating Wnt signaling in CRC. Knockdown of PTPRF decreased cell proliferation in patient-derived primary colon cancer cells and established CRC cell lines. In addition, the rate of proliferation as well as colony formation ability were significantly decreased cells in tumor organoids grown in 3D, whereas the number of differentiated tumor organoids were markedly increased. Consistently, knockdown of PTPRF resulted in a decrease in the expression of genes associated cancer stem cells downstream of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Treating PTPRF knockdown cells with GSK3 inhibitor rescued the expression of Wnt target genes suggesting that PTPRF functions upstream of the β-catenin destruction complex. PTPRF was found to interact with LRP6 and silencing PTPRF largely decreased the activation of LRP6. Interestingly, this PTPRF-mediated activation of Wnt signaling was blocked in cells treated with clathrin endocytosis inhibitor. Furthermore, knockdown of PTPRF inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo and decreased the expression of Wnt target genes. Taken together, our studies identify a novel role of PTPRF as an oncogenic protein phosphatase in supporting the activation of Wnt signaling in CRC.
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90
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Hansen KB, Staehr C, Rohde PD, Homilius C, Kim S, Nyegaard M, Matchkov VV, Boedtkjer E. PTPRG is an ischemia risk locus essential for HCO 3--dependent regulation of endothelial function and tissue perfusion. eLife 2020; 9:e57553. [PMID: 32955439 PMCID: PMC7541084 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-base conditions modify artery tone and tissue perfusion but the involved vascular-sensing mechanisms and disease consequences remain unclear. We experimentally investigated transgenic mice and performed genetic studies in a UK-based human cohort. We show that endothelial cells express the putative HCO3--sensor receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase RPTPγ, which enhances endothelial intracellular Ca2+-responses in resistance arteries and facilitates endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation only when CO2/HCO3- is present. Consistent with waning RPTPγ-dependent vasorelaxation at low [HCO3-], RPTPγ limits increases in cerebral perfusion during neuronal activity and augments decreases in cerebral perfusion during hyperventilation. RPTPγ does not influence resting blood pressure but amplifies hyperventilation-induced blood pressure elevations. Loss-of-function variants in PTPRG, encoding RPTPγ, are associated with increased risk of cerebral infarction, heart attack, and reduced cardiac ejection fraction. We conclude that PTPRG is an ischemia susceptibility locus; and RPTPγ-dependent sensing of HCO3- adjusts endothelium-mediated vasorelaxation, microvascular perfusion, and blood pressure during acid-base disturbances and altered tissue metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Palle D Rohde
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
| | | | - Sukhan Kim
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Ebbe Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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91
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Kozlov G, Funato Y, Chen YS, Zhang Z, Illes K, Miki H, Gehring K. PRL3 pseudophosphatase activity is necessary and sufficient to promote metastatic growth. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11682-11692. [PMID: 32571875 PMCID: PMC7450121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRLs) are markers of cancer and promote tumor growth. They have been implicated in a variety of biochemical pathways but the physiologically relevant target of phosphatase activity has eluded 20 years of investigation. Here, we show that PRL3 catalytic activity is not required in a mouse model of metastasis. PRL3 binds and inhibits CNNM4, a membrane protein associated with magnesium transport. Analysis of PRL3 mutants specifically defective in either CNNM-binding or phosphatase activity demonstrate that CNNM binding is necessary and sufficient to promote tumor metastasis. As PRLs do have phosphatase activity, they are in fact pseudo-pseudophosphatases. Phosphatase activity leads to formation of phosphocysteine, which blocks CNNM binding and may play a regulatory role. We show levels of PRL cysteine phosphorylation vary in response to culture conditions and in different tissues. Examination of related protein phosphatases shows the stability of phosphocysteine is a unique and evolutionarily conserved property of PRLs. The demonstration that PRL3 functions as a pseudophosphatase has important ramifications for the design of PRL inhibitors for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guennadi Kozlov
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yosuke Funato
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Seby Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhidian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katalin Illes
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hiroaki Miki
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, For correspondence: Kalle Gehring,
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92
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Kanje S, Enstedt H, Dannemeyer M, Uhlén M, Hober S, Tegel H. Improvements of a high-throughput protein purification process using a calcium-dependent setup. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 175:105698. [PMID: 32681960 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Human Secretome Project aims to produce and purify all human secreted proteins as full-length. In order to enable this, a robust, gentle and effective purification process is needed, where multiple proteins can be purified in parallel. For this reason, a purification system based on a Protein C-tag and the HPC4 antibody with high affinity to the tag was chosen for purification. The strong binding between the tag and the antibody is specific and calcium-dependent, which allows for mild elution with EDTA. Presented here is a study comparing different protein purification base matrices coupled with the HPC4 antibody, aiming to increase the yield of purified protein and reduce the time for purification. Among the different tested matrices, Capto XP showed a high coupling degree and increased the amount of eluted protein as compared to the control matrix. By moving from batch incubation to direct sample loading and by performing the purification on the ÄKTAxpress, an automated protein purification process and a high reduction of hands-on sample handling was achieved. This new method also integrates the desalting step in the purification process, and the time for purification and analysis of each sample was decreased from five to three days. Moreover, a new mild method for matrix regeneration was developed using 50 mM EDTA pH 7.5 instead of 0.1 M glycine pH 2. This method was proven to be efficient for regeneration while maintaining the column binding performance even after nine rounds of regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kanje
- Department of Protein Science, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henric Enstedt
- Department of Protein Science, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melanie Dannemeyer
- Department of Protein Science, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Department of Protein Science, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Hober
- Department of Protein Science, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Tegel
- Department of Protein Science, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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93
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Hay IM, Fearnley GW, Rios P, Köhn M, Sharpe HJ, Deane JE. The receptor PTPRU is a redox sensitive pseudophosphatase. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3219. [PMID: 32591542 PMCID: PMC7320164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are key regulators of cell-cell communication through the control of cellular phosphotyrosine levels. Most human RPTPs possess an extracellular receptor domain and tandem intracellular phosphatase domains: comprising an active membrane proximal (D1) domain and an inactive distal (D2) pseudophosphatase domain. Here we demonstrate that PTPRU is unique amongst the RPTPs in possessing two pseudophosphatase domains. The PTPRU-D1 displays no detectable catalytic activity against a range of phosphorylated substrates and we show that this is due to multiple structural rearrangements that destabilise the active site pocket and block the catalytic cysteine. Upon oxidation, this cysteine forms an intramolecular disulphide bond with a vicinal "backdoor" cysteine, a process thought to reversibly inactivate related phosphatases. Importantly, despite the absence of catalytic activity, PTPRU binds substrates of related phosphatases strongly suggesting that this pseudophosphatase functions in tyrosine phosphorylation by competing with active phosphatases for the binding of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain M Hay
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Gareth W Fearnley
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Pablo Rios
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
| | - Maja Köhn
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
| | - Hayley J Sharpe
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - Janet E Deane
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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94
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Spatial confinement of receptor activity by tyrosine phosphatase during directional cell migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14270-14279. [PMID: 32513699 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003019117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional cell migration involves signaling cascades that stimulate actin assembly at the leading edge, and additional pathways must inhibit actin polymerization at the rear. During neuroblast migration in Caenorhabditis elegans, the transmembrane protein MIG-13/Lrp12 acts through the Arp2/3 nucleation-promoting factors WAVE and WASP to guide the anterior migration. Here we show that a tyrosine kinase, SRC-1, directly phosphorylates MIG-13 and promotes its activity on actin assembly at the leading edge. In GFP knockin animals, SRC-1 and MIG-13 distribute along the entire plasma membrane of migrating cells. We reveal that a receptor-like tyrosine phosphatase, PTP-3, maintains the F-actin polarity during neuroblast migration. Recombinant PTP-3 dephosphorylates SRC-1-dependent MIG-13 phosphorylation in vitro. Importantly, the endogenous PTP-3 accumulates at the rear of the migrating neuroblast, and its extracellular domain is essential for directional cell migration. We provide evidence that the asymmetrically localized tyrosine phosphatase PTP-3 spatially restricts MIG-13/Lrp12 receptor activity in migrating cells.
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95
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Reiterer V, Pawłowski K, Desrochers G, Pause A, Sharpe HJ, Farhan H. The dead phosphatases society: a review of the emerging roles of pseudophosphatases. FEBS J 2020; 287:4198-4220. [PMID: 32484316 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatases are a diverse family of enzymes, comprising at least 10 distinct protein folds. Like most other enzyme families, many have sequence variations that predict an impairment or loss of catalytic activity classifying them as pseudophosphatases. Research on pseudoenzymes is an emerging area of interest, with new biological functions repurposed from catalytically active relatives. Here, we provide an overview of the pseudophosphatases identified to date in all major phosphatase families. We will highlight the degeneration of the various catalytic sequence motifs and discuss the challenges associated with the experimental determination of catalytic inactivity. We will also summarize the role of pseudophosphatases in various diseases and discuss the major challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guillaume Desrochers
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Arnim Pause
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Hesso Farhan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
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96
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Yuan X, Bu H, Zhou J, Yang CY, Zhang H. Recent Advances of SHP2 Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy: Current Development and Clinical Application. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11368-11396. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Yuan
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Hong Bu
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinpei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chao-Yie Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Huibin Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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97
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Hou X, Sun JP, Ge L, Liang X, Li K, Zhang Y, Fang H. Inhibition of striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase by targeting computationally revealed cryptic pockets. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 190:112131. [PMID: 32078861 PMCID: PMC7163917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cryptic pockets, which are not apparent in crystallographic structures, provide promising alternatives to traditional binding sites for drug development. However, identifying cryptic pockets is extremely challenging and the therapeutic potential of cryptic pockets remains unclear. Here, we reported the discovery of novel inhibitors for striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP), a potential drug target for multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, based on cryptic pocket detection. By combining the use of molecular dynamics simulations and fragment-centric topographical mapping, we identified transiently open cryptic pockets and identified 12 new STEP inhibition scaffolds through structure-based virtual screening. Site-directed mutagenesis verified the binding of ST3 with the predicted cryptic pockets. Moreover, the most potent and selective inhibitors could modulate the phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 and Pyk2 in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuben Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, United States
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lin Ge
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Kangshuai Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yingkai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, United States; NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry, New York University-Shanghai, Shanghai, 200122, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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98
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Díaz-Valdivia NI, Díaz J, Contreras P, Campos A, Rojas-Celis V, Burgos-Ravanal RA, Lobos-González L, Torres VA, Perez VI, Frei B, Leyton L, Quest AFG. The non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase type 14 blocks caveolin-1-enhanced cancer cell metastasis. Oncogene 2020; 39:3693-3709. [PMID: 32152405 PMCID: PMC7190567 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) enhanced migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells is inhibited by co-expression of the glycoprotein E-cadherin. Although the two proteins form a multiprotein complex that includes β-catenin, it remained unclear how this would contribute to blocking the metastasis promoting function of CAV1. Here, we characterized by mass spectrometry the protein composition of CAV1 immunoprecipitates from B16F10 murine melanoma cells expressing or not E-cadherin. The novel protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN14 was identified by mass spectrometry analysis exclusively in co-immunoprecipitates of CAV1 with E-cadherin. Interestingly, PTPN14 is implicated in controlling metastasis, but only few known PTPN14 substrates exist. We corroborated by western blotting experiments that PTPN14 and CAV1 co-inmunoprecipitated in the presence of E-cadherin in B16F10 melanoma and other cancer cells. Moreover, the CAV1(Y14F) mutant protein was shown to co-immunoprecipitate with PTPN14 even in the absence of E-cadherin, and overexpression of PTPN14 reduced CAV1 phosphorylation on tyrosine-14, as well as suppressed CAV1-enhanced cell migration, invasion and Rac-1 activation in B16F10, metastatic colon [HT29(US)] and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines. Finally, PTPN14 overexpression in B16F10 cells reduced the ability of CAV1 to induce metastasis in vivo. In summary, we identify here CAV1 as a novel substrate for PTPN14 and show that overexpression of this phosphatase suffices to reduce CAV1-induced metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Díaz-Valdivia
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Díaz
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute for Research in Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Contreras
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - América Campos
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victoria Rojas-Celis
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renato A Burgos-Ravanal
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana I Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Balz Frei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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99
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Wen Y, Yang S, Wakabayashi K, Svensson MND, Stanford SM, Santelli E, Bottini N. RPTPα phosphatase activity is allosterically regulated by the membrane-distal catalytic domain. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4923-4936. [PMID: 32139509 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase α (RPTPα) is an important positive regulator of SRC kinase activation and a known promoter of cancer growth, fibrosis, and arthritis. The domain structure of RPTPs comprises an extracellular region, a transmembrane helix, and two tandem intracellular catalytic domains referred to as D1 and D2. The D2 domain of RPTPs is believed to mostly play a regulatory function; however, no regulatory model has been established for RPTPα-D2 or other RPTP-D2 domains. Here, we solved the 1.8 Å resolution crystal structure of the cytoplasmic region of RPTPα, encompassing D1 and D2, trapped in a conformation that revealed a possible mechanism through which D2 can allosterically inhibit D1 activity. Using a D2-truncation RPTPα variant and mutational analysis of the D1/D2 interfaces, we show that D2 inhibits RPTPα phosphatase activity and identified a 405PFTP408 motif in D1 that mediates the inhibitory effect of D2. Expression of the gain-of-function F406A/T407A RPTPα variant in HEK293T cells enhanced SRC activation, supporting the relevance of our proposed D2-mediated regulation mechanism in cell signaling. There is emerging interest in the development of allosteric inhibitors of RPTPs but a scarcity of validated allosteric sites for RPTPs. The results of our study not only shed light on the regulatory role of RPTP-D2 domains, but also provide a potentially useful tool for the discovery of chemical probes targeting RPTPα and other RPTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Wen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Shen Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Kuninobu Wakabayashi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037.,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Mattias N D Svensson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Stephanie M Stanford
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037.,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Eugenio Santelli
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037.,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037 .,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037
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100
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Hongdusit A, Zwart PH, Sankaran B, Fox JM. Minimally disruptive optical control of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. Nat Commun 2020; 11:788. [PMID: 32034150 PMCID: PMC7005756 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases regulate a myriad of essential subcellular signaling events, yet they remain difficult to study in their native biophysical context. Here we develop a minimally disruptive optical approach to control protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B)—an important regulator of receptor tyrosine kinases and a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes, obesity, and cancer—and we use that approach to probe the intracellular function of this enzyme. Our conservative architecture for photocontrol, which consists of a protein-based light switch fused to an allosteric regulatory element, preserves the native structure, activity, and subcellular localization of PTP1B, affords changes in activity that match those elicited by post-translational modifications inside the cell, and permits experimental analyses of the molecular basis of optical modulation. Findings indicate, most strikingly, that small changes in the activity of PTP1B can cause large shifts in the phosphorylation states of its regulatory targets. Protein tyrosine phosphatases regulate many cellular processes but are difficult to study in their native context. Here the authors develop an approach for using light to control the activity of a disease-relevant phosphatase without interfering with its native cellular organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akarawin Hongdusit
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Peter H Zwart
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Banumathi Sankaran
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jerome M Fox
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
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