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Kleczko EK, Heasley LE. Mechanisms of rapid cancer cell reprogramming initiated by targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and inherent therapeutic vulnerabilities. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:60. [PMID: 29458371 PMCID: PMC5817864 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways serve as frequent oncogene drivers in solid cancers and small molecule and antibody-based inhibitors have been developed as targeted therapeutics for many of these oncogenic RTKs. In general, these drugs, when delivered as single agents in a manner consistent with the principles of precision medicine, induce tumor shrinkage but rarely complete tumor elimination. Moreover, acquired resistance of treated tumors is nearly invariant such that monotherapy strategies with targeted RTK drugs fail to provide long-term control or cures. The mechanisms mediating acquired resistance in tumors at progression treated with RTK inhibitors are relatively well defined compared to the molecular and cellular understanding of the cancer cells that persist early on therapy. We and others propose that these persisting cancer cells, termed "residual disease", provide the reservoir from which acquired resistance eventually emerges. Herein, we will review the literature that describes rapid reprogramming induced upon inhibition of oncogenic RTKs in cancer cells as a mechanism by which cancer cells persist to yield residual disease and consider strategies for disrupting these intrinsic responses for future therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Kleczko
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Lynn E. Heasley
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
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52
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Pugliero APS, Souza MAD, Melo LDL. From donation to self-reflection: living of volunteers of a toy library for children with cancer. ESCOLA ANNA NERY 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2017-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective: To understand what it means to be a volunteer in a cancer-affected children care unit´s toy library, located within the state of São Paulo. Method: Phenomenological study based on the assumptions related to the analysis of the stated phenomenon's structure, with eleven volunteers to be interviewed upon a guiding question: "What does it feel like to be a volunteer in a toy library used by children with cancer?". Results: From the volunteer's answers, three theme categories arose: self-oriented relations, group-oriented relations and world-oriented relations. Conclusion and implications for practice: Being a volunteer embraces diverse relationships that contribute to the self-knowledge of the individual, making it possible to review concepts, beliefs, values, according to the new times in which we live There is a need for volunteer empowerment for work as well as mental health care. Nurses play a fundamental role in this context.
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53
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54
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Jia S, Miedel MT, Ngo M, Hessenius R, Chen N, Wang P, Bahreini A, Li Z, Ding Z, Shun TY, Zuckerman DM, Taylor DL, Puhalla SL, Lee AV, Oesterreich S, Stern AM. Clinically Observed Estrogen Receptor Alpha Mutations within the Ligand-Binding Domain Confer Distinguishable Phenotypes. Oncology 2018; 94:176-189. [PMID: 29306943 DOI: 10.1159/000485510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Twenty to fifty percent of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancers express mutations within the ER ligand-binding domain. While most studies focused on the constitutive ER signaling activity commonly engendered by these mutations selected during estrogen deprivation therapy, our study was aimed at investigating distinctive phenotypes conferred by different mutations within this class. METHODS We examined the two most prevalent mutations, D538G and Y537S, employing corroborative genome-edited and lentiviral-transduced ER+ T47D cell models. We used a luciferase-based reporter and endogenous phospho-ER immunoblot analysis to characterize the estrogen response of ER mutants and determined their resistance to known ER antagonists. RESULTS Consistent with their selection during estrogen deprivation therapy, these mutants conferred constitutive ER activity. While Y537S mutants showed no estrogen dependence, D538G mutants demonstrated an enhanced estrogen-dependent response. Both mutations conferred resistance to ER antagonists that was overcome at higher doses acting specifically through their ER target. CONCLUSIONS These observations provide a tenable hypothesis for how D538G ESR1-expressing clones can contribute to shorter progression-free survival observed in the exemestane arm of the BOLERO-2 study. Thus, in those patients with dominant D538G-expressing clones, longitudinal analysis for this mutation in circulating free DNA may prove beneficial for informing more optimal therapeutic regimens.
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Abstract
The efficient production, folding, and secretion of proteins is critical for cancer cell survival. However, cancer cells thrive under stress conditions that damage proteins, so many cancer cells overexpress molecular chaperones that facilitate protein folding and target misfolded proteins for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome or autophagy pathway. Stress response pathway induction is also important for cancer cell survival. Indeed, validated targets for anti-cancer treatments include molecular chaperones, components of the unfolded protein response, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and autophagy. We will focus on links between breast cancer and these processes, as well as the development of drug resistance, relapse, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, A320 Langley Hall, 4249 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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56
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Asano N, Yoshida A, Mitani S, Kobayashi E, Shiotani B, Komiyama M, Fujimoto H, Chuman H, Morioka H, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Kubo T, Kato M, Kohno T, Kawai A, Kondo T, Ichikawa H. Frequent amplification of receptor tyrosine kinase genes in welldifferentiated/ dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12941-12952. [PMID: 28099935 PMCID: PMC5355068 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) are closely related tumors commonly characterized by MDM2/CDK4 gene amplification, and lack clinically effective treatment options when inoperable. To identify novel therapeutic targets, we performed targeted genomic sequencing analysis of 19 WDLPS and 37 DDLPS tumor samples using a panel of 104 cancer-related genes (NCC oncopanel v3) developed specifically for genomic testing to select suitable molecular targeted therapies. The results of this analysis indicated that these sarcomas had very few gene mutations and a high frequency of amplifications of not only MDM2 and CDK4 but also other genes. Potential driver mutations were found in only six (11%) samples; however, gene amplification events (other than MDM2 and CDK4 amplification) were identified in 30 (54%) samples. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) genes in particular were amplified in 18 (32%) samples. In addition, growth of a WDLPS cell line with IGF1R amplification was suppressed by simultaneous inhibition of CDK4 and IGF1R, using palbociclib and NVP-AEW541, respectively. Combination therapy with CDK4 and RTK inhibitors may be an effective therapeutic option for WDLPS/DDLPS patients with RTK gene amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Asano
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Mitani
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Bunsyo Shiotani
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Motokiyo Komiyama
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Chuman
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hideo Morioka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Division of Translational Genomics, National Cancer Center-Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kato
- Department of Bioinformatics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Translational Genomics, National Cancer Center-Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Division of Translational Genomics, National Cancer Center-Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Abstract
The fundamental operative unit of a cancer is the genetically and epigenetically innovative single cell. Whether proliferating or quiescent, in the primary tumour mass or disseminated elsewhere, single cells govern the parameters that dictate all facets of the biology of cancer. Thus, single-cell analyses provide the ultimate level of resolution in our quest for a fundamental understanding of this disease. Historically, this quest has been hampered by technological shortcomings. In this Opinion article, we argue that the rapidly evolving field of single-cell sequencing has unshackled the cancer research community of these shortcomings. From furthering an elemental understanding of intra-tumoural genetic heterogeneity and cancer genome evolution to illuminating the governing principles of disease relapse and metastasis, we posit that single-cell sequencing promises to unravel the biology of all facets of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timour Baslan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10044, USA, and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - James Hicks
- University of Southern California Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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58
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Amirouchene-Angelozzi N, Swanton C, Bardelli A. Tumor Evolution as a Therapeutic Target. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:2159-8290.CD-17-0343. [PMID: 28729406 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological advances in the field of molecular diagnostics (including blood-based tumor genotyping) allow the measurement of clonal evolution in patients with cancer, thus adding a new dimension to precision medicine: time. The translation of this new knowledge into clinical benefit implies rethinking therapeutic strategies. In essence, it means considering as a target not only individual oncogenes but also the evolving nature of human tumors. Here, we analyze the limitations of targeted therapies and propose approaches for treatment within an evolutionary framework.Significance: Precision cancer medicine relies on the possibility to match, in daily medical practice, detailed genomic profiles of a patient's disease with a portfolio of drugs targeted against tumor-specific alterations. Clinical blockade of oncogenes is effective but only transiently; an approach to monitor clonal evolution in patients and develop therapies that also evolve over time may result in improved therapeutic control and survival outcomes. Cancer Discov; 7(8); 1-13. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Swanton
- University College London Cancer Institute and The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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59
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Nussinov R, Tsai CJ, Jang H. A New View of Pathway-Driven Drug Resistance in Tumor Proliferation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:427-437. [PMID: 28245913 PMCID: PMC5403593 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Defeating drug resistance in tumor cell proliferation is challenging. We propose that signaling in cell proliferation takes place via two core pathways, each embodying multiple alternative pathways. We consider drug resistance through an alternative proliferation pathway - within the same or within the other core pathway. Most drug combinations target only one core pathway; blocking both can restrain proliferation. We define core pathways as independent and acting similarly in cell-cycle control, which can explain why their products (e.g., ERK and YAP1) can substitute for each other in resistance. Core pathways can forecast possible resistance because acquired resistance frequently occurs through alternative proliferation pathways. This concept may help to predict the efficacy of drug combinations. The selection of distinct combinations for specific mutated pathways would be guided by clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Chung-Jung Tsai
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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60
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Nguyen D, Liao W, Zeng SX, Lu H. Reviving the guardian of the genome: Small molecule activators of p53. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 178:92-108. [PMID: 28351719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is one of the most important proteins for protection of genomic stability and cancer prevention. Cancers often inactivate it by either mutating its gene or disabling its function. Thus, activating p53 becomes an attractive approach for the development of molecule-based anti-cancer therapy. The past decade and half have witnessed tremendous progress in this area. This essay offers readers with a grand review on this progress with updated information about small molecule activators of p53 either still at bench work or in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, LA 70012, United States
| | - Wenjuan Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, LA 70012, United States
| | - Shelya X Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, LA 70012, United States
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, LA 70012, United States.
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61
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Bozic
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics and
- Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Martin A. Nowak
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics and
- Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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62
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Van den Bergh B, Fauvart M, Michiels J. Formation, physiology, ecology, evolution and clinical importance of bacterial persisters. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:219-251. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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63
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Yaakov G, Lerner D, Bentele K, Steinberger J, Barkai N. Coupling phenotypic persistence to DNA damage increases genetic diversity in severe stress. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:16. [PMID: 28812556 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-016-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutation rate balances the need to protect genome integrity with the advantage of evolutionary innovations. Microorganisms increase their mutation rate when stressed, perhaps addressing the growing need for evolutionary innovation. Such a strategy, however, is only beneficial under moderate stresses that allow cells to divide and realize their mutagenic potential. In contrast, severe stresses rapidly kill the majority of the population with the exception of a small minority of cells that are in a phenotypically distinct state termed persistence. Although persisters were discovered many decades ago, the stochastic event triggering persistence is poorly understood. We report that spontaneous DNA damage triggers persistence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by activating the general stress response, providing protection against a range of harsh stress and drug environments. We further show that the persister subpopulation carries an increased load of genetic variants in the form of insertions, deletions or large structural variations, which are unrelated to their stress survival. This coupling of DNA damage to phenotypic persistence may increase genetic diversity specifically in severe stress conditions, where diversity is beneficial but the ability to generate de novo mutations is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Yaakov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - David Lerner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Kajetan Bentele
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Joseph Steinberger
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Naama Barkai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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64
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Zhu R, Gao F, Piao JG, Yang L. Skin-safe photothermal therapy enabled by responsive release of acid-activated membrane-disruptive polymer from polydopamine nanoparticle upon very low laser irradiation. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:1596-1602. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00256d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
How to ablate tumor without damaging skin is a challenge for photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
| | - Feng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
| | - Ji-Gang Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
| | - Lihua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
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65
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Abe Y, Nagano M, Tada A, Adachi J, Tomonaga T. Deep Phosphotyrosine Proteomics by Optimization of Phosphotyrosine Enrichment and MS/MS Parameters. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:1077-1086. [PMID: 28152594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a major post-translational modification that regulates protein function, with phosphotyrosine (pY) modifications being implicated in oncogenesis. However, global profiling of pY statuses without treatment with a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor such as pervanadate is still challenging due to the low occupancy of pY sites. In this study, we greatly improved the identification of pY sites by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) by optimization of both the pY-immunoprecipitation (pY-IP) protocol and the LC-MS/MS parameters. Our highly sensitive method reproducibly identified more than 1000 pY sites from 8 mg of protein lysate without the need for tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor treatment. Furthermore, >30% of the identified pY sites were not assigned in the PhosphositePlus database. We further applied our method to the comparison of pY status between PC3 cells with and without treatment using the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor Erlotinib. Under Erlotinib treatment, we observed not only a decrease in well-known modes of EGFR downstream signaling but also modulations of kinases that are not relevant to the EGFR cascade, such as PTK6 and MAPK13. Our newly developed method for pY proteomics has the potential to reveal unknown pY signaling modes and to identify novel kinase anticancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Abe
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition , Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Maiko Nagano
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition , Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Asa Tada
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition , Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition , Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition , Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085, Japan
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66
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Michiels JE, Van den Bergh B, Verstraeten N, Michiels J. Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of bacterial persistence. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 29:76-89. [PMID: 27912845 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Any bacterial population harbors a small number of phenotypic variants that survive exposure to high concentrations of antibiotic. Importantly, these so-called 'persister cells' compromise successful antibiotic therapy of bacterial infections and are thought to contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. Intriguingly, drug-tolerant persisters have also been identified as a factor underlying failure of chemotherapy in tumor cell populations. Recent studies have begun to unravel the complex molecular mechanisms underlying persister formation and revolve around stress responses and toxin-antitoxin modules. Additionally, in vitro evolution experiments are revealing insights into the evolutionary and adaptive aspects of this phenotype. Furthermore, ever-improving experimental techniques are stimulating efforts to investigate persisters in their natural, infection-associated, in vivo environment. This review summarizes recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of persister formation, explains how persisters complicate antibiotic treatment of infections, and outlines emerging strategies to combat these tolerant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan Michiels
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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67
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Riemke P, Czeh M, Fischer J, Walter C, Ghani S, Zepper M, Agelopoulos K, Lettermann S, Gebhardt ML, Mah N, Weilemann A, Grau M, Gröning V, Haferlach T, Lenze D, Delwel R, Prinz M, Andrade-Navarro MA, Lenz G, Dugas M, Müller-Tidow C, Rosenbauer F. Myeloid leukemia with transdifferentiation plasticity developing from T-cell progenitors. EMBO J 2016; 35:2399-2416. [PMID: 27572462 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201693927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Unfavorable patient survival coincides with lineage plasticity observed in human acute leukemias. These cases are assumed to arise from hematopoietic stem cells, which have stable multipotent differentiation potential. However, here we report that plasticity in leukemia can result from instable lineage identity states inherited from differentiating progenitor cells. Using mice with enhanced c-Myc expression, we show, at the single-cell level, that T-lymphoid progenitors retain broad malignant lineage potential with a high capacity to differentiate into myeloid leukemia. These T-cell-derived myeloid blasts retain expression of a defined set of T-cell transcription factors, creating a lymphoid epigenetic memory that confers growth and propagates myeloid/T-lymphoid plasticity. Based on these characteristics, we identified a correlating human leukemia cohort and revealed targeting of Jak2/Stat3 signaling as a therapeutic possibility. Collectively, our study suggests the thymus as a source for myeloid leukemia and proposes leukemic plasticity as a driving mechanism. Moreover, our results reveal a pathway-directed therapy option against thymus-derived myeloid leukemogenesis and propose a model in which dynamic progenitor differentiation states shape unique neoplastic identities and therapy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Riemke
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Melinda Czeh
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Josephine Fischer
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carolin Walter
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Saeed Ghani
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Robert-Rössle-Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Zepper
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Konstantin Agelopoulos
- Department of Dermatology, Competence Center Chronic Pruritus University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Lettermann
- Molecular Hematology and Oncology, Medical Clinics A, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marie L Gebhardt
- Department of Computational Biology and Data Mining, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nancy Mah
- Berlin-Brandenburger Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andre Weilemann
- Translational Oncology, Medical Clinics A, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Grau
- Translational Oncology, Medical Clinics A, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Gröning
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Dido Lenze
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruud Delwel
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miguel A Andrade-Navarro
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biomathematics, Institute of Molecular Biology Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Translational Oncology, Medical Clinics A, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Dugas
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenbauer
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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68
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Ovarian cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2016. [PMID: 27558151 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.61]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is not a single disease and can be subdivided into at least five different histological subtypes that have different identifiable risk factors, cells of origin, molecular compositions, clinical features and treatments. Ovarian cancer is a global problem, is typically diagnosed at a late stage and has no effective screening strategy. Standard treatments for newly diagnosed cancer consist of cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. In recurrent cancer, chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic agents and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors are used, and immunological therapies are currently being tested. High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most commonly diagnosed form of ovarian cancer and at diagnosis is typically very responsive to platinum-based chemotherapy. However, in addition to the other histologies, HGSCs frequently relapse and become increasingly resistant to chemotherapy. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms underlying platinum resistance and finding ways to overcome them are active areas of study in ovarian cancer. Substantial progress has been made in identifying genes that are associated with a high risk of ovarian cancer (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2), as well as a precursor lesion of HGSC called serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma, which holds promise for identifying individuals at high risk of developing the disease and for developing prevention strategies.
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69
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Matulonis UA, Sood AK, Fallowfield L, Howitt BE, Sehouli J, Karlan BY. Ovarian cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2016. [PMID: 27558151 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.61] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is not a single disease and can be subdivided into at least five different histological subtypes that have different identifiable risk factors, cells of origin, molecular compositions, clinical features and treatments. Ovarian cancer is a global problem, is typically diagnosed at a late stage and has no effective screening strategy. Standard treatments for newly diagnosed cancer consist of cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. In recurrent cancer, chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic agents and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors are used, and immunological therapies are currently being tested. High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most commonly diagnosed form of ovarian cancer and at diagnosis is typically very responsive to platinum-based chemotherapy. However, in addition to the other histologies, HGSCs frequently relapse and become increasingly resistant to chemotherapy. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms underlying platinum resistance and finding ways to overcome them are active areas of study in ovarian cancer. Substantial progress has been made in identifying genes that are associated with a high risk of ovarian cancer (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2), as well as a precursor lesion of HGSC called serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma, which holds promise for identifying individuals at high risk of developing the disease and for developing prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula A Matulonis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, and Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lesley Fallowfield
- Sussex Health Outcomes Research and Education in Cancer (SHORE-C), Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, UK
| | - Brooke E Howitt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer is not a single disease and can be subdivided into at least five different histological subtypes that have different identifiable risk factors, cells of origin, molecular compositions, clinical features and treatments. Ovarian cancer is a global problem, is typically diagnosed at a late stage and has no effective screening strategy. Standard treatments for newly diagnosed cancer consist of cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. In recurrent cancer, chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic agents and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors are used, and immunological therapies are currently being tested. High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most commonly diagnosed form of ovarian cancer and at diagnosis is typically very responsive to platinum-based chemotherapy. However, in addition to the other histologies, HGSCs frequently relapse and become increasingly resistant to chemotherapy. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms underlying platinum resistance and finding ways to overcome them are active areas of study in ovarian cancer. Substantial progress has been made in identifying genes that are associated with a high risk of ovarian cancer (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2), as well as a precursor lesion of HGSC called serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma, which holds promise for identifying individuals at high risk of developing the disease and for developing prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula A. Matulonis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, and Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lesley Fallowfield
- Sussex Health Outcomes Research and Education in Cancer (SHORE-C), Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, UK
| | - Brooke E. Howitt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beth Y. Karlan
- Women’s Cancer Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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71
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Verstraeten N, Knapen W, Fauvart M, Michiels J. A Historical Perspective on Bacterial Persistence. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1333:3-13. [PMID: 26468095 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2854-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Bactericidal antibiotics quickly kill the majority of a bacterial population. However, a small fraction of cells typically survive through entering the so-called persister state. Persister cells are increasingly being viewed as a major cause of the recurrence of chronic infectious disease and could be an important factor in the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The phenomenon of persistence was first described in the 1940s, but remained poorly understood for decades afterwards. Only recently, a series of breakthrough discoveries has started to shed light on persister physiology and the molecular and genetic underpinnings of persister formation. We here provide an overview of the key studies that have paved the way for the current boom in persistence research, with a special focus on the technological and methodological advances that have enabled this progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Verstraeten
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, box 2460, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Wouter Knapen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, box 2460, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Maarten Fauvart
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, box 2460, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jan Michiels
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, box 2460, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium.
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72
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Stern AM, Schurdak ME, Bahar I, Berg JM, Taylor DL. A Perspective on Implementing a Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Platform for Drug Discovery and the Advancement of Personalized Medicine. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING 2016; 21:521-34. [PMID: 26962875 PMCID: PMC4917453 DOI: 10.1177/1087057116635818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Drug candidates exhibiting well-defined pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles that are otherwise safe often fail to demonstrate proof-of-concept in phase II and III trials. Innovation in drug discovery and development has been identified as a critical need for improving the efficiency of drug discovery, especially through collaborations between academia, government agencies, and industry. To address the innovation challenge, we describe a comprehensive, unbiased, integrated, and iterative quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP)-driven drug discovery and development strategy and platform that we have implemented at the University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute. Intrinsic to QSP is its integrated use of multiscale experimental and computational methods to identify mechanisms of disease progression and to test predicted therapeutic strategies likely to achieve clinical validation for appropriate subpopulations of patients. The QSP platform can address biological heterogeneity and anticipate the evolution of resistance mechanisms, which are major challenges for drug development. The implementation of this platform is dedicated to gaining an understanding of mechanism(s) of disease progression to enable the identification of novel therapeutic strategies as well as repurposing drugs. The QSP platform will help promote the paradigm shift from reactive population-based medicine to proactive personalized medicine by focusing on the patient as the starting and the end point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Stern
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark E. Schurdak
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy M. Berg
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D. Lansing Taylor
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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73
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Beadnell TC, Mishall KM, Zhou Q, Riffert SM, Wuensch KE, Kessler BE, Corpuz ML, Jing X, Kim J, Wang G, Tan AC, Schweppe RE. The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Facilitates Resistance to the Src Inhibitor Dasatinib in Thyroid Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1952-63. [PMID: 27222538 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced stages of papillary and anaplastic thyroid cancer represent a highly aggressive subset, in which there are currently few effective therapies. We and others have recently demonstrated that c-SRC is a key mediator of growth, invasion, and metastasis, and therefore represents a promising therapeutic target in thyroid cancer. However, clinically, Src inhibitor efficacy has been limited, and therefore further insights are needed to define resistance mechanisms and determine rational combination therapies. We have generated four thyroid cancer cell lines with a greater than 30-fold increase in acquired resistance to the Src inhibitor dasatinib. Upon acquisition of dasatinib resistance, the two RAS-mutant cell lines acquired the c-SRC gatekeeper mutation (T341M), whereas the two BRAF-mutant cell lines did not. Accordingly, Src signaling was refractory to dasatinib treatment in the RAS-mutant dasatinib-resistant cell lines. Interestingly, activation of the MAPK pathway was increased in all four of the dasatinib-resistant cell lines, likely due to B-Raf and c-Raf dimerization. Furthermore, MAP2K1/MAP2K2 (MEK1/2) inhibition restored sensitivity in all four of the dasatinib-resistant cell lines, and overcame acquired resistance to dasatinib in the RAS-mutant Cal62 cell line, in vivo Together, these studies demonstrate that acquisition of the c-SRC gatekeeper mutation and MAPK pathway signaling play important roles in promoting resistance to the Src inhibitor dasatinib. We further demonstrate that up-front combined inhibition with dasatinib and MEK1/2 or ERK1/2 inhibitors drives synergistic inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis, indicating that combined inhibition may overcome mechanisms of survival in response to single-agent inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1952-63. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Beadnell
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katie M Mishall
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stephen M Riffert
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kelsey E Wuensch
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Brittelle E Kessler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Maia L Corpuz
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Xia Jing
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jihye Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rebecca E Schweppe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
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74
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Phelps-Polirer K, Abt MA, Smith D, Yeh ES. Co-Targeting of JNK and HUNK in Resistant HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153025. [PMID: 27045589 PMCID: PMC4821489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies for successful primary treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer include use of the HER2 inhibitors trastuzumab or lapatinib in combination with standard chemotherapy. While successful, many patients develop resistance to these HER2 inhibitors indicating an unmet need. Consequently, current research efforts are geared toward understanding mechanisms of resistance and the signaling modalities that regulate these mechanisms. We have undertaken a study to examine whether signaling molecules downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor, which often act as compensatory signaling outlets to circumvent HER2 inhibition, can be co-targeted to overcome resistance. We identified JNK signaling as a potential area of intervention and now show that inhibiting JNK using the pan-JNK inhibitor, SP600125, is effective in the HER2-positive, resistant JIMT-1 xenograft mammary tumor model. We also investigate potential combination strategies to bolster the effects of JNK inhibition and find that co-targeting of JNK and the protein kinase HUNK can prohibit tumor growth of resistant HER2-positive mammary tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Phelps-Polirer
- Department of Health Sciences, Clemson University, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Melissa A. Abt
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Danzell Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth S. Yeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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75
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Cortot AB, Moro-Sibilot D, Cadranel J. Afatinib + Cetuximab First-line in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer--Letter. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:1827. [PMID: 27037256 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis B Cortot
- Thoracic Oncology Department, Siric OncoLille, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France.
| | | | - Jacques Cadranel
- AP-HP Hôpital Tenon, Chest Department-GRC-04 Theranoscan P&M Curie University Paris 6, Paris, France
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76
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Michor F, Beal K. Improving Cancer Treatment via Mathematical Modeling: Surmounting the Challenges Is Worth the Effort. Cell 2016; 163:1059-1063. [PMID: 26590416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery schedules are key factors in the efficacy of cancer therapies, and mathematical modeling of population dynamics and treatment responses can be applied to identify better drug administration regimes as well as provide mechanistic insights. To capitalize on the promise of this approach, the cancer field must meet the challenges of moving this type of work into clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Michor
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Kathryn Beal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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77
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Zambrano J, Yeh ES. Autophagy and Apoptotic Crosstalk: Mechanism of Therapeutic Resistance in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 10:13-23. [PMID: 26997868 PMCID: PMC4790584 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s32791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While breast cancer patients benefit from the use of HER2 inhibitors, many fail therapy and become resistant to treatment, indicating a critical need to prevent treatment failure. A number of studies have emerged that highlight the catabolic process of autophagy in breast cancer as a mechanism of resistance to chemotherapy and targeted inhibitors. Furthermore, recent research has begun to dissect how autophagy signaling crosstalks with apoptotic signaling. Thus, a possible strategy in fighting resistance is to couple targeting of apoptotic and autophagy signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss how cellular response by autophagy circumvents cell death to promote resistance of breast cancers to HER2 inhibitors, as well as the potential avenues of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Zambrano
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Yeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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78
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Ramirez M, Rajaram S, Steininger RJ, Osipchuk D, Roth MA, Morinishi LS, Evans L, Ji W, Hsu CH, Thurley K, Wei S, Zhou A, Koduru PR, Posner BA, Wu LF, Altschuler SJ. Diverse drug-resistance mechanisms can emerge from drug-tolerant cancer persister cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10690. [PMID: 26891683 PMCID: PMC4762880 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy has traditionally focused on eliminating fast-growing populations of cells. Yet, an increasing body of evidence suggests that small subpopulations of cancer cells can evade strong selective drug pressure by entering a 'persister' state of negligible growth. This drug-tolerant state has been hypothesized to be part of an initial strategy towards eventual acquisition of bona fide drug-resistance mechanisms. However, the diversity of drug-resistance mechanisms that can expand from a persister bottleneck is unknown. Here we compare persister-derived, erlotinib-resistant colonies that arose from a single, EGFR-addicted lung cancer cell. We find, using a combination of large-scale drug screening and whole-exome sequencing, that our erlotinib-resistant colonies acquired diverse resistance mechanisms, including the most commonly observed clinical resistance mechanisms. Thus, the drug-tolerant persister state does not limit--and may even provide a latent reservoir of cells for--the emergence of heterogeneous drug-resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ramirez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Satwik Rajaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Robert J Steininger
- Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Daria Osipchuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Maike A Roth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Leanna S Morinishi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Louise Evans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Weiyue Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Chien-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Kevin Thurley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Shuguang Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Anwu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Prasad R Koduru
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Bruce A Posner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lani F Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Steven J Altschuler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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79
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Piao JG, Gao F, Yang L. Acid-Responsive Therapeutic Polymer for Prolonging Nanoparticle Circulation Lifetime and Destroying Drug-Resistant Tumors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:936-944. [PMID: 26654626 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
How to destroy drug-resistant tumor cells remains an ongoing challenge for cancer treatment. We herein report on a therapeutic nanoparticle, aHLP-PDA, which has an acid-activated hemolytic polymer (aHLP) grafted onto photothermal polydopamine (PDA) nanosphere via boronate ester bond, in efforts to ablate drug-resistant tumors. Upon exposure to oxidative stress and/or near-infrared laser irradiation, aHLP-PDA nanoparticle responsively releases aHLP, likely via responsive cleavage of boronate ester bond, and thus responsively exhibits acid-facilitated mammalian-membrane-disruptive activity. In vitro cell studies with drug-resistant and/or thermo-tolerant cancer cells show that the aHLP-PDA nanoparticle demonstrates preferential cytotoxicity at acidic pH over physiological pH. When administered intravenously, the aHLP-PDA nanoparticle exhibits significantly prolonged blood circulation lifetime and enhanced tumor uptake compared to bare PDA nanosphere, likely owing to aHLP's stealth effects conferred by its zwitterionic nature at blood pH. As a result, the aHLP-PDA nanoparticle effectively ablates drug-resistant tumors, leading to 100% mouse survival even on the 32nd day after suspension of photothermal treatment, as demonstrated with the mouse model. This work suggests that a combination of nanotechnology with lessons learned in bacterial antibiotic resistance may offer a feasible and effective strategy for treating drug-resistant cancers often found in relapsing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Gang Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Feng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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80
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Yu S, Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Liu Y, Zhang D, Wang J. pH-Assisted surface functionalization of selenium nanoparticles with curcumin to achieve enhanced cancer chemopreventive activity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13291j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A pH-assisted strategy is proposed for synthesizing curcumin-functionalized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs@Cur), which well combine the advantages of SeNPs with those of Cur in cancer chemoprevention and overcome their limitations in application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxuan Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Yanru Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Yuhuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Wenxin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Daohong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
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81
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Tan AC, Ryall KA, Huang PH. Expanding the computational toolbox for interrogating cancer kinomes. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 17:95-7. [PMID: 26666839 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aik Choon Tan
- Translational Bioinformatics & Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Karen A Ryall
- Translational Bioinformatics & Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paul H Huang
- Protein Networks Team, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
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82
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Lee E, Ha S, Logan SK. Divergent Androgen Receptor and Beta-Catenin Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141589. [PMID: 26509262 PMCID: PMC4624871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of effort to develop effective therapy and to identify promising new drugs, prostate cancer is lethal once it progresses to castration-resistant disease. Studies show mis-regulation of multiple pathways in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), reflecting the heterogeneity of the tumors and also hinting that targeting androgen receptor (AR) pathway alone might not be sufficient to treat CRPC. In this study, we present evidence that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway might be activated in prostate cancer cells after androgen-deprivation to promote androgen-independent growth, partly through enhanced interaction of β-catenin with TCF4. Androgen-independent prostate cancer cells were more prone to activate a Wnt-reporter, and inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway increased sensitivity of these cells to the second-generation antiandrogen, enzalutamide. Combined treatment of enzalutamide and Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor showed increased growth repression in both androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cells, suggesting therapeutic potential for this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugine Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Stem Cell Biology Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Susan Ha
- Department of Urology New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Logan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Urology New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Stem Cell Biology Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
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83
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Singleton KR, Hinz TK, Kleczko EK, Marek LA, Kwak J, Harp T, Kim J, Tan AC, Heasley LE. Kinome RNAi Screens Reveal Synergistic Targeting of MTOR and FGFR1 Pathways for Treatment of Lung Cancer and HNSCC. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4398-406. [PMID: 26359452 PMCID: PMC4609283 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The FGFR1 is a therapeutic target under investigation in multiple solid tumors and clinical trials of selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are underway. Treatment with a single TKI represents a logical step toward personalized cancer therapy, but intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms limit their long-term benefit. In this study, we deployed RNAi-based functional genomic screens to identify protein kinases controlling the intrinsic sensitivity of FGFR1-dependent lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) cells to ponatinib, a multikinase FGFR-active inhibitor. We identified and validated a synthetic lethal interaction between MTOR and ponatinib in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. In addition, treatment with MTOR-targeting shRNAs and pharmacologic inhibitors revealed that MTOR is an essential protein kinase in other FGFR1-expressing cancer cells. The combination of FGFR inhibitors and MTOR or AKT inhibitors resulted in synergistic growth suppression in vitro. Notably, tumor xenografts generated from FGFR1-dependent lung cancer cells exhibited only modest sensitivity to monotherapy with the FGFR-specific TKI, AZD4547, but when combined with the MTOR inhibitor, AZD2014, significantly attenuated tumor growth and prolonged survival. Our findings support the existence of a signaling network wherein FGFR1-driven ERK and activated MTOR/AKT represent distinct arms required to induce full transformation. Furthermore, they suggest that clinical efficacy of treatments for FGFR1-driven lung cancers and HNSCC may be achieved by combining MTOR inhibitors and FGFR-specific TKIs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drug Synergism
- Gene Library
- Genes, Essential
- Genomics/methods
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Singleton
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Trista K Hinz
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily K Kleczko
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lindsay A Marek
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jeff Kwak
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Taylor Harp
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lynn E Heasley
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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84
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Bollenbach T. Antimicrobial interactions: mechanisms and implications for drug discovery and resistance evolution. Curr Opin Microbiol 2015; 27:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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85
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Kesarwani M, Huber E, Kincaid Z, Evelyn CR, Biesiada J, Rance M, Thapa MB, Shah NP, Meller J, Zheng Y, Azam M. Targeting substrate-site in Jak2 kinase prevents emergence of genetic resistance. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14538. [PMID: 26419724 PMCID: PMC4588578 DOI: 10.1038/srep14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of genetic resistance against kinase inhibitors poses a great challenge for durable therapeutic response. Here, we report a novel mechanism of JAK2 kinase inhibition by fedratinib (TG101348) that prevents emergence of genetic resistance. Using in vitro drug screening, we identified 211 amino-acid substitutions conferring resistance to ruxolitinib (INCB018424) and cross-resistance to the JAK2 inhibitors AZD1480, CYT-387 and lestaurtinib. In contrast, these resistant variants were fully sensitive to fedratinib. Structural modeling, coupled with mutagenesis and biochemical studies, revealed dual binding sites for fedratinib. In vitro binding assays using purified proteins showed strong affinity for the substrate-binding site (Kd = 20 nM) while affinity for the ATP site was poor (Kd = ~8 μM). Our studies demonstrate that mutations affecting the substrate-binding pocket encode a catalytically incompetent kinase, thereby preventing emergence of resistant variants. Most importantly, our data suggest that in order to develop resistance-free kinase inhibitors, the next-generation drug design should target the substrate-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Kesarwani
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cancer Blood Disease Institute, Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Pathology, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229 USA
| | - Erika Huber
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cancer Blood Disease Institute, Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Pathology, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229 USA
| | - Zachary Kincaid
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cancer Blood Disease Institute, Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Pathology, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229 USA
| | - Chris R Evelyn
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cancer Blood Disease Institute, Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Pathology, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229 USA
| | - Jacek Biesiada
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cancer Blood Disease Institute, Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Pathology, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229 USA
| | - Mark Rance
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45229 USA
| | - Mahendra B Thapa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45229 USA
| | - Neil P Shah
- Division of Hematology-Oncology UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, 94143 USA
| | - Jarek Meller
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cancer Blood Disease Institute, Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Pathology, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229 USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cancer Blood Disease Institute, Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Pathology, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229 USA
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cancer Blood Disease Institute, Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Pathology, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229 USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45229 USA
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86
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Vertical suppression of the EGFR pathway prevents onset of resistance in colorectal cancers. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8305. [PMID: 26392303 PMCID: PMC4595628 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular targeted drugs are clinically effective anti-cancer therapies. However, tumours treated with single agents usually develop resistance. Here we use colorectal cancer (CRC) as a model to study how the acquisition of resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies can be restrained. Pathway-oriented genetic screens reveal that CRC cells escape from EGFR blockade by downstream activation of RAS-MEK signalling. Following treatment of CRC cells with anti-EGFR, anti-MEK or the combination of the two drugs, we find that EGFR blockade alone triggers acquired resistance in weeks, while combinatorial treatment does not induce resistance. In patient-derived xenografts, EGFR-MEK combination prevents the development of resistance. We employ mathematical modelling to provide a quantitative understanding of the dynamics of response and resistance to these single and combination therapies. Mechanistically, we find that the EGFR-MEK Combo blockade triggers Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 downregulation and initiates apoptosis. These results provide the rationale for clinical trials aimed at preventing rather than intercepting resistance. Cancer patients often respond well to primary treatment but then develop resistance. Here, Misale et al. show that dual treatment with EGFR and MEK inhibitors block resistance in mice containing patient-derived xenografts and provide a mathematical model that describes the temporal development of resistant tumour clones.
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87
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Wood KC. Mapping the Pathways of Resistance to Targeted Therapies. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4247-51. [PMID: 26392071 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Resistance substantially limits the depth and duration of clinical responses to targeted anticancer therapies. Through the use of complementary experimental approaches, investigators have revealed that cancer cells can achieve resistance through adaptation or selection driven by specific genetic, epigenetic, or microenvironmental alterations. Ultimately, these diverse alterations often lead to the activation of signaling pathways that, when co-opted, enable cancer cells to survive drug treatments. Recently developed methods enable the direct and scalable identification of the signaling pathways capable of driving resistance in specific contexts. Using these methods, novel pathways of resistance to clinically approved drugs have been identified and validated. By combining systematic resistance pathway mapping methods with studies revealing biomarkers of specific resistance pathways and pharmacologic approaches to block these pathways, it may be possible to rationally construct drug combinations that yield more penetrant and lasting responses in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris C Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
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88
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Lheureux S, Karakasis K, Kohn EC, Oza AM. Ovarian cancer treatment: The end of empiricism? Cancer 2015; 121:3203-11. [PMID: 26096019 PMCID: PMC4744728 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis, investigation, and management of ovarian cancer are in a state of flux-balancing ever rapid advances in our understanding of its biology with 3 decades of clinical trials. Clinical trials that started with empirically driven selections have evolved in an evidence-informed manner to gradually improve outcome. Has this improved understanding of the biology and associated calls to action led to appropriate changes in therapy? In this review, the authors discuss incorporating emerging data on biology, combinations, dose, and scheduling of new and existing agents with patient preferences in the management of women with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lheureux
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Bras Family Drug Development ProgramPrincess Margaret Cancer CenterTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Katherine Karakasis
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Bras Family Drug Development ProgramPrincess Margaret Cancer CenterTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Elise C. Kohn
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMaryland
| | - Amit M. Oza
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Bras Family Drug Development ProgramPrincess Margaret Cancer CenterTorontoOntarioCanada
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89
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Tsvetkov P, Mendillo ML, Zhao J, Carette JE, Merrill PH, Cikes D, Varadarajan M, van Diemen FR, Penninger JM, Goldberg AL, Brummelkamp TR, Santagata S, Lindquist S. Compromising the 19S proteasome complex protects cells from reduced flux through the proteasome. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26327695 PMCID: PMC4551903 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomes are central regulators of protein homeostasis in eukaryotes. Proteasome function is vulnerable to environmental insults, cellular protein imbalance and targeted pharmaceuticals. Yet, mechanisms that cells deploy to counteract inhibition of this central regulator are little understood. To find such mechanisms, we reduced flux through the proteasome to the point of toxicity with specific inhibitors and performed genome-wide screens for mutations that allowed cells to survive. Counter to expectation, reducing expression of individual subunits of the proteasome's 19S regulatory complex increased survival. Strong 19S reduction was cytotoxic but modest reduction protected cells from inhibitors. Protection was accompanied by an increased ratio of 20S to 26S proteasomes, preservation of protein degradation capacity and reduced proteotoxic stress. While compromise of 19S function can have a fitness cost under basal conditions, it provided a powerful survival advantage when proteasome function was impaired. This means of rebalancing proteostasis is conserved from yeast to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tsvetkov
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, United States
| | - Marc L Mendillo
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jinghui Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Parker H Merrill
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Domagoj Cikes
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ferdy R van Diemen
- Department of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred L Goldberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, United States
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, United States
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90
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Buttigliero C, Tucci M, Bertaglia V, Vignani F, Bironzo P, Di Maio M, Scagliotti GV. Understanding and overcoming the mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide in castration resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:884-92. [PMID: 26342718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), several new drugs have been approved that prolong overall survival, including enzalutamide and abiraterone, two new-generation hormonal therapies. Despite the demonstrated benefit of these agents, not all patients with CRPC are responsive to treatment, the gain in median progression-free survival with these therapies compared to standard of care is, rather disappointingly, still less than six months and the appearance of acquired resistance is almost universal. Approximately one third of patients treated with abiraterone and 25% of those treated with enzalutamide show primary resistance to these agents. Even if the mechanisms of resistance to these agents are not fully defined, many hypotheses are emerging, including systemic and intratumoral androgen biosynthesis up-regulation, androgen receptor (AR) gene mutations and amplifications, alteration of pathways involved in cross-talk with AR signaling, glucocorticoid receptor overexpression, neuroendocrine differentiation, immune system deregulation and others. The aim of this paper is to review currently available data about mechanisms of resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide, and to discuss how these mechanisms could be potentially overcome through novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Buttigliero
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Marcello Tucci
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Valentina Bertaglia
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Francesca Vignani
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Paolo Bironzo
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Maio
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
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91
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Ryall KA, Shin J, Yoo M, Hinz TK, Kim J, Kang J, Heasley LE, Tan AC. Identifying kinase dependency in cancer cells by integrating high-throughput drug screening and kinase inhibition data. Bioinformatics 2015. [PMID: 26206305 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Targeted kinase inhibitors have dramatically improved cancer treatment, but kinase dependency for an individual patient or cancer cell can be challenging to predict. Kinase dependency does not always correspond with gene expression and mutation status. High-throughput drug screens are powerful tools for determining kinase dependency, but drug polypharmacology can make results difficult to interpret. RESULTS We developed Kinase Addiction Ranker (KAR), an algorithm that integrates high-throughput drug screening data, comprehensive kinase inhibition data and gene expression profiles to identify kinase dependency in cancer cells. We applied KAR to predict kinase dependency of 21 lung cancer cell lines and 151 leukemia patient samples using published datasets. We experimentally validated KAR predictions of FGFR and MTOR dependence in lung cancer cell line H1581, showing synergistic reduction in proliferation after combining ponatinib and AZD8055. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION KAR can be downloaded as a Python function or a MATLAB script along with example inputs and outputs at: http://tanlab.ucdenver.edu/KAR/. CONTACT aikchoon.tan@ucdenver.edu. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Ryall
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Jimin Shin
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Minjae Yoo
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Trista K Hinz
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jihye Kim
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Jaewoo Kang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea and
| | - Lynn E Heasley
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea and Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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92
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Liu J, Matulonis UA. New strategies in ovarian cancer: translating the molecular complexity of ovarian cancer into treatment advances. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 20:5150-6. [PMID: 25320365 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An improved understanding of the genomics of ovarian cancer and the separation of ovarian cancer into histologically and molecularly defined subgroups have affected drug development and clinical trial design in ovarian cancer. Active therapies that have been tested in ovarian cancer include agents that inhibit angiogenesis and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). However, no FDA drug approvals for ovarian cancer have been granted since 2006, and overall survival improvements have been difficult to achieve with new agents. The genomic complexity of ovarian cancer and modest single-agent activity of many biologic agents in this disease have led to testing of biologic agent combinations. In this article, we review recent advances in the understanding of the molecular diversity of ovarian cancer as well as emerging therapeutic strategies such as new agents and biologic combinations that attempt to target multiple aberrant pathways in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Liu
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ursula A Matulonis
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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93
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Munck C, Gumpert HK, Wallin AIN, Wang HH, Sommer MOA. Prediction of resistance development against drug combinations by collateral responses to component drugs. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:262ra156. [PMID: 25391482 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Resistance arises quickly during chemotherapeutic selection and is particularly problematic during long-term treatment regimens such as those for tuberculosis, HIV infections, or cancer. Although drug combination therapy reduces the evolution of drug resistance, drug pairs vary in their ability to do so. Thus, predictive models are needed to rationally design resistance-limiting therapeutic regimens. Using adaptive evolution, we studied the resistance response of the common pathogen Escherichia coli to 5 different single antibiotics and all 10 different antibiotic drug pairs. By analyzing the genomes of all evolved E. coli lineages, we identified the mutational events that drive the differences in drug resistance levels and found that the degree of resistance development against drug combinations can be understood in terms of collateral sensitivity and resistance that occurred during adaptation to the component drugs. Then, using engineered E. coli strains, we confirmed that drug resistance mutations that imposed collateral sensitivity were suppressed in a drug pair growth environment. These results provide a framework for rationally selecting drug combinations that limit resistance evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Munck
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heidi K Gumpert
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Annika I Nilsson Wallin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Harris H Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Morten O A Sommer
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark.
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94
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Modena A, Ciccarese C, Fantinel E, Bimbatti D, Tortora G, Massari F. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: targeting the mechanisms of resistance to abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:1037-48. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1063423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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95
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Kleczko EK, Kim J, Keysar SB, Heasley LR, Eagles JR, Simon M, Marshall ME, Singleton KR, Jimeno A, Tan AC, Heasley LE. An Inducible TGF-β2-TGFβR Pathway Modulates the Sensitivity of HNSCC Cells to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Targeting Dominant Receptor Tyrosine Kinases. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123600. [PMID: 25946135 PMCID: PMC4422719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in approximately 90% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and molecularly targeted therapy against the EGFR with the monoclonal antibody cetuximab modestly increases overall survival in head and neck cancer patients. We hypothesize that co-signaling through additional pathways limits the efficacy of cetuximab and EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the clinical treatment of HNSCC. Analysis of gene expression changes in HNSCC cell lines treated 4 days with TKIs targeting EGFR and/or fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) identified transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) induction in the three cell lines tested. Measurement of TGF-β2 mRNA validated this observation and extended it to additional cell lines. Moreover, TGF-β2 mRNA was increased in primary patient HNSCC xenografts treated for 4 weeks with cetuximab, demonstrating in vivo relevance of these findings. Functional genomics analyses with shRNA libraries identified TGF-β2 and TGF-β receptors (TGFβRs) as synthetic lethal genes in the context of TKI treatment. Further, direct RNAi-mediated silencing of TGF-β2 inhibited cell growth, both alone and in combination with TKIs. Also, a pharmacological TGFβRI inhibitor similarly inhibited basal growth and enhanced TKI efficacy. In summary, the studies support a TGF-β2-TGFβR pathway as a TKI-inducible growth pathway in HNSCC that limits efficacy of EGFR-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Kleczko
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Stephen B. Keysar
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lydia R. Heasley
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Justin R. Eagles
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Matthew Simon
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Marianne E. Marshall
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Katherine R. Singleton
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Antonio Jimeno
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lynn E. Heasley
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
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96
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Guo D, Bell EH, Chakravarti A. Lipid metabolism emerges as a promising target for malignant glioma therapy. CNS Oncol 2015; 2:289-99. [PMID: 24159371 DOI: 10.2217/cns.13.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are one of the most treatment-refractory cancers. Development of resistance to chemo- and radio-therapies contributes to these tumors' aggressive phenotypes. Elevated lipid levels in gliomas have been reported for the last 50 years. However, the molecular mechanisms of how tumor tissues obtain lipids and utilize them are not well understood. Recently, the oncogenic signaling EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway has been shown to enhance lipid synthesis and uptake by upregulating SREBP-1, a master transcriptional factor, to control lipid metabolism. This article discusses the analytical chemistry results of lipid components in glioma tissues from different research groups. The molecular mechanisms that link oncogenes with lipid programming, and identification of the key molecular targets and development of effective drugs to inhibit lipid metabolism in malignant gliomas will be discussed.
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97
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Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom: The Role of Context Dependence in Creating Phenotypic Diversity following Targeted Therapy. Mol Cell 2015; 57:763-764. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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98
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Ryall KA, Tan AC. Systems biology approaches for advancing the discovery of effective drug combinations. J Cheminform 2015; 7:7. [PMID: 25741385 PMCID: PMC4348553 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-015-0055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex diseases like cancer are regulated by large, interconnected networks with many pathways affecting cell proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance. However, current cancer therapy predominantly relies on the reductionist approach of one gene-one disease. Combinations of drugs may overcome drug resistance by limiting mutations and induction of escape pathways, but given the enormous number of possible drug combinations, strategies to reduce the search space and prioritize experiments are needed. In this review, we focus on the use of computational modeling, bioinformatics and high-throughput experimental methods for discovery of drug combinations. We highlight cutting-edge systems approaches, including large-scale modeling of cell signaling networks, network motif analysis, statistical association-based models, identifying correlations in gene signatures, functional genomics, and high-throughput combination screens. We also present a list of publicly available data and resources to aid in discovery of drug combinations. Integration of these systems approaches will enable faster discovery and translation of clinically relevant drug combinations. Spectrum of Systems Biology Approaches for Drug Combinations. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Ryall
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E.17th Ave., L18-8116, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E.17th Ave., L18-8116, Aurora, CO 80045 USA ; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA ; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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99
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Leveraging DNA damage response signaling to identify yeast genes controlling genome stability. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2015; 5:997-1006. [PMID: 25721128 PMCID: PMC4426383 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.016576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenesis frequently is accompanied by rampant genome instability, which fuels genetic heterogeneity and resistance to targeted cancer therapy. We have developed an approach that allows precise, quantitative measurement of genome instability in high-throughput format in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae model system. Our approach takes advantage of the strongly DNA damage-inducible gene RNR3, in conjunction with the reporter synthetic genetic array methodology, to infer mutants exhibiting genome instability by assaying for increased Rnr3 abundance. We screen for genome instability across a set of ~1000 essential and ~4200 nonessential mutant yeast alleles in untreated conditions and in the presence of the DNA-damaging agent methylmethane sulfonate. Our results provide broad insights into the cellular processes and pathways required for genome maintenance. Through comparison with existing genome instability screens, we isolated 130 genes that had not previously been linked to genome maintenance, 51% of which have human homologs. Several of these homologs are associated with a genome instability phenotype in human cells or are causally mutated in cancer. A comprehensive understanding of the processes required to prevent genome instability will facilitate a better understanding of its sources in oncogenesis.
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100
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Adaptive stress signaling in targeted cancer therapy resistance. Oncogene 2015; 34:5599-606. [PMID: 25703329 PMCID: PMC4546915 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The identification of specific genetic alterations that drive the initiation and progression of cancer and the development of targeted drugs that act against these driver alterations has revolutionized the treatment of many human cancers. While substantial progress has been achieved with the use of such targeted cancer therapies, resistance remains a major challenge that limits the overall clinical impact. Hence, despite progress, new strategies are needed to enhance response and eliminate resistance to targeted cancer therapies in order to achieve durable or curative responses in patients. To date, efforts to characterize mechanisms of resistance have primarily focused on molecular events that mediate primary or secondary resistance in patients. Less is known about the initial molecular response and adaptation that may occur in tumor cells early upon exposure to a targeted agent. Although understudied, emerging evidence indicates that the early adaptive changes by which tumor cells respond to the stress of a targeted therapy may be crucial for tumor cell survival during treatment and the development of resistance. Here, we review recent data illuminating the molecular architecture underlying adaptive stress signaling in tumor cells. We highlight how leveraging this knowledge could catalyze novel strategies to minimize or eliminate targeted therapy resistance, thereby unleashing the full potential of targeted therapies to transform many cancers from lethal to chronic or curable conditions.
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