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Zheng B, Xiao Y, Tong B, Mao Y, Ge R, Tian F, Dong X, Zheng P. S373P Mutation Stabilizes the Receptor-Binding Domain of the Spike Protein in Omicron and Promotes Binding. JACS AU 2023; 3:1902-1910. [PMID: 37502147 PMCID: PMC10369413 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
A cluster of several newly occurring mutations on Omicron is found at the β-core region of the spike protein's receptor-binding domain (RBD), where mutation rarely happened before. Notably, the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to human receptor ACE2 via RBD happens in a dynamic airway environment, where mechanical force caused by coughing or sneezing occurs. Thus, we used atomic force microscopy-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (AFM-SMFS) to measure the stability of RBDs and found that the mechanical stability of Omicron RBD increased by ∼20% compared with the wild type. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that Omicron RBD showed more hydrogen bonds in the β-core region due to the closing of the α-helical motif caused primarily by the S373P mutation. In addition to a higher unfolding force, we showed a higher dissociation force between Omicron RBD and ACE2. This work reveals the mechanically stabilizing effect of the conserved mutation S373P for Omicron and the possible evolution trend of the β-core region of RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine
Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yuelong Xiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine
Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Bei Tong
- Institute
of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Yutong Mao
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine
Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Rui Ge
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine
Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Fang Tian
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine
Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xianchi Dong
- State
Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- Engineering
Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine
Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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Saravanan P, Broccolo F, Ali N, Toh A, Mulyana S, Beng GL, Imperi E, Picano A. A new aerodynamic endonasal filtration technology for protection against pollutants and respiratory infectious agents: evaluation of the particle filtration efficacy. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:1219996. [PMID: 37546386 PMCID: PMC10401429 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2023.1219996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An innovative nasal filter was tested, based on aerodynamic air filtration and not on conventional air filtration by means of mesh filters. A custom testing system was designed and three sizes of the filter have been tested vs. monodispersed SiO2 particles sized 5 μm, 1 μm, and 0.5 μm under cycling flow of 6 liters per minute, provided by an artificial lung breather simulating spontaneous breathing. Accelerated testing was implemented, challenging filters with a maximum load of 200 mg per cubic meter. All three filters' sizes showed initial filtration efficiencies above 90% vs. all particles' sizes, decreased to not less than 80% after 30 min of accelerated testing, corresponding to 4.5 days of continuous use at 2 mg challenge, this value being associated with hazardous air conditions in the PSI scale. Results in this study indicate that nasal filters based on aerodynamic air filtration can provide fine and ultrafine filtration, offering protection in day-to-day life from risks associated with pollens, mites, PM, pollutants, and respiratory infectious agents, introducing acceptable respiratory resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Broccolo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Nurshahidah Ali
- School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alden Toh
- School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sakinah Mulyana
- School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Goh Lay Beng
- School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
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53
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Zhong W, Wu Y, Yue W, Fang J, Xie B, Xu N, Lin M, Zhu X, Su Z, Chen Y, Li H, Li H. Distinguishing COVID-19 from seasonal influenza in patients under age 65 years-a retrospective observational cohort study comparing the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and 2022 SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1179552. [PMID: 37533930 PMCID: PMC10393466 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1179552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study explored the differences in clinical characteristics between the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 variant (Omicron) infections in patients younger than age 65 years, to improve identification of these diseases and better respond to the current epidemic. Methods Data from 127 patients with the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) diagnosed between May and July of 2009 and 3,265 patients with Omicron diagnosed between March and May of 2022 were collected. Using a 1:2 match based on age (difference <2 years), sex, and underlying diseases, data from 115 patients with the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection (H1N1 group) and 230 patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 infection (Omicron group) were analyzed. The clinical manifestations were compared between the groups, logistic regression was performed to identify possible independent risk factors for each group, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors predicting time for nucleic acid negativization (NAN). Results The median [interquartile range] age of the two groups was 21 [11, 26] years. Compared with the H1N1 group, the Omicron group had: lower white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels; less fever, nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, sputum, and headache; and more olfactory loss, muscle soreness, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) abnormalities. Patients in the Omicron group used fewer antibiotics and antiviral drugs, and the time for NAN was longer (17 [14,20] VS 4 [3,5] days, P<0.001). Logistic regression showed that fever, cough, headache, and increased white blood cell count were more strongly correlated with the H1N1 group, while muscle soreness and LDH abnormalities were more strongly correlated with the Omicron group. Fever (B 1.529, 95% confidence interval [0.149,2.909], P=0.030) significantly predicted a longer time for NAN in patients with Omicron. Discussion There are significant differences in clinical characteristics between SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection and the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection. Recognition of these differences has important implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yisong Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Yue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiabin Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baosong Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nengluan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiongpeng Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Quanzhou First Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Big Data Engineering, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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54
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Chen S, Wang S. The immune mechanism of the nasal epithelium in COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1045009. [PMID: 37529051 PMCID: PMC10387544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1045009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During the first waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, olfactory dysfunction (OD) was reported as a frequent clinical sign. The nasal epithelium is one of the front-line protections against viral infections, and the immune responses of the nasal mucosa may be associated with OD. Two mechanisms underlying OD occurrence in COVID-19 have been proposed: the infection of sustentacular cells and the inflammatory reaction of the nasal epithelium. The former triggers OD and the latter likely prolongs OD. These two alternative mechanisms may act in parallel; the infection of sustentacular cells is more important for OD occurrence because sustentacular cells are more likely to be the entry point of SARS-CoV-2 than olfactory neurons and more susceptible to early injury. Furthermore, sustentacular cells abundantly express transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and play a major role in the olfactory epithelium. OD occurrence in COVID-19 has revealed crucial roles of sustentacular cells. This review aims to elucidate how immune responses of the nasal epithelium contribute to COVID-19-related OD. Understanding the underlying immune mechanisms of the nasal epithelium in OD may aid in the development of improved medical treatments for COVID-19-related OD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shufen Wang
- *Correspondence: Shunmei Chen, ; Shufen Wang,
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55
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Ivachtchenko AV, Ivashchenko AA, Shkil DO, Ivashchenko IA. Aprotinin-Drug against Respiratory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11173. [PMID: 37446350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aprotinin (APR) was discovered in 1930. APR is an effective pan-protease inhibitor, a typical "magic shotgun". Until 2007, APR was widely used as an antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory drug in cardiac and noncardiac surgeries for reduction of bleeding and thus limiting the need for blood transfusion. The ability of APR to inhibit proteolytic activation of some viruses leads to its use as an antiviral drug for the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory virus infections. However, due to incompetent interpretation of several clinical trials followed by incredible controversy in the literature, the usage of APR was nearly stopped for a decade worldwide. In 2015-2020, after re-analysis of these clinical trials' data the restrictions in APR usage were lifted worldwide. This review discusses antiviral mechanisms of APR action and summarizes current knowledge and prospective regarding the use of APR treatment for diseases caused by RNA-containing viruses, including influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, or as a part of combination antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre V Ivachtchenko
- ChemDiv Inc., San Diego, CA 92130, USA
- ASAVI LLC, 1835 East Hallandale Blvd #442, Hallandale Beach, FL 33009, USA
| | | | - Dmitrii O Shkil
- ASAVI LLC, 1835 East Hallandale Blvd #442, Hallandale Beach, FL 33009, USA
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56
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Peng Y, Chen SY, Wang ZN, Zhou ZQ, Sun J, Zhang GA, Li J, Wang L, Zhao JC, Tang XX, Wang DY, Zhong NS. Dicoumarol is an effective post-exposure prophylactic for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in human airway epithelium. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:242. [PMID: 37301869 PMCID: PMC10256976 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Repurposing existing drugs to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in airway epithelial cells (AECs) is a quick way to find novel treatments for COVID-19. Computational screening has found dicoumarol (DCM), a natural anticoagulant, to be a potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor, but its inhibitory effects and possible working mechanisms remain unknown. Using air-liquid interface culture of primary human AECs, we demonstrated that DCM has potent antiviral activity against the infection of multiple Omicron variants (including BA.1, BQ.1 and XBB.1). Time-of-addition and drug withdrawal assays revealed that early treatment (continuously incubated after viral absorption) of DCM could markedly inhibit Omicron replication in AECs, but DCM did not affect the absorption, exocytosis and spread of viruses or directly eliminate viruses. Mechanistically, we performed single-cell sequencing analysis (a database of 77,969 cells from different airway locations from 10 healthy volunteers) and immunofluorescence staining, and showed that the expression of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), one of the known DCM targets, was predominantly localised in ciliated AECs. We further found that the NQO1 expression level was positively correlated with both the disease severity of COVID-19 patients and virus copy levels in cultured AECs. In addition, DCM treatment downregulated NQO1 expression and disrupted signalling pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 disease outcomes (e.g., Endocytosis and COVID-19 signalling pathways) in cultured AECs. Collectively, we demonstrated that DCM is an effective post-exposure prophylactic for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human AECs, and these findings could help physicians formulate novel treatment strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi-Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao-Ni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gui-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Cun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Xiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nan-Shan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
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You L, Ying B. A two-step infection model: From SARS-CoV-2 entry and trafficking to egress and spread. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e295. [PMID: 37274936 PMCID: PMC10233086 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liting You
- Department of Laboratory MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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58
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Morris DR, Qu Y, Thomason KS, de Mello AH, Preble R, Menachery VD, Casola A, Garofalo RP. The impact of RSV/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection on clinical disease and viral replication: insights from a BALB/c mouse model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.24.542043. [PMID: 37292863 PMCID: PMC10245946 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.24.542043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RSV and SARS-CoV-2 are prone to co-infection with other respiratory viruses. In this study, we use RSV/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection to evaluate changes to clinical disease and viral replication in vivo. To consider the severity of RSV infection, effect of sequential infection, and the impact of infection timing, mice were co-infected with varying doses and timing. Compared with a single infection of RSV or SARS-CoV-2, the co-infection of RSV/SARS-CoV-2 and the primary infection of RSV followed by SARS-CoV-2 results in protection from SARS-CoV-2-induced clinical disease and reduces SARS-CoV-2 replication. Co-infection also augmented RSV replication at early timepoints with only the low dose. Additionally, the sequential infection of RSV followed by SARS-CoV-2 led to improved RSV clearance regardless of viral load. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection followed by RSV results in enhanced SARS-CoV-2-induced disease while protecting from RSV-induced disease. SARS-CoV-2/RSV sequential infection also reduced RSV replication in the lung tissue, regardless of viral load. Collectively, these data suggest that RSV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection may afford protection from or enhancement of disease based on variation in infection timing, viral infection order, and/or viral dose. In the pediatric population, understanding these infection dynamics will be critical to treat patients and mitigate disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea R. Morris
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- School of Public & Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Yue Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Kerrie S. Thomason
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Aline Haas de Mello
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Richard Preble
- John Sealy School of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Vineet D. Menachery
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Antonella Casola
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Roberto P. Garofalo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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Ma Y, Li P, Hu Y, Qiu T, Wang L, Lu H, Lv K, Xu M, Zhuang J, Liu X, He S, He B, Liu S, Liu L, Wang Y, Yue X, Zhai Y, Luo W, Mai H, Kuang Y, Chen S, Ye F, Zhou N, Zhao W, Chen J, Chen S, Xiong X, Shi M, Pan JA, Chen YQ. Spike substitution T813S increases Sarbecovirus fusogenicity by enhancing the usage of TMPRSS2. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011123. [PMID: 37196033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV Spike (S) protein shares considerable homology with SARS-CoV-2 S, especially in the conserved S2 subunit (S2). S protein mediates coronavirus receptor binding and membrane fusion, and the latter activity can greatly influence coronavirus infection. We observed that SARS-CoV S is less effective in inducing membrane fusion compared with SARS-CoV-2 S. We identify that S813T mutation is sufficient in S2 interfering with the cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 S by TMPRSS2, reducing spike fusogenicity and pseudoparticle entry. Conversely, the mutation of T813S in SARS-CoV S increased fusion ability and viral replication. Our data suggested that residue 813 in the S was critical for the proteolytic activation, and the change from threonine to Serine at 813 position might be an evolutionary feature adopted by SARS-2-related viruses. This finding deepened the understanding of Spike fusogenicity and could provide a new perspective for exploring Sarbecovirus' evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ma
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengbin Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunqi Hu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianyi Qiu
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongjie Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kexin Lv
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhuang
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue Liu
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Suhua He
- Molecular Imaging Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Bing He
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Yue
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanmei Zhai
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanyu Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoting Mai
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Kuang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shifeng Chen
- The 74(th) Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Ye
- The 74(th) Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Zhou
- The 74(th) Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shoudeng Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaoli Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mang Shi
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-An Pan
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanzhou, China
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60
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Golani G, Schwarz US. High curvature promotes fusion of lipid membranes: Predictions from continuum elastic theory. Biophys J 2023; 122:1868-1882. [PMID: 37077047 PMCID: PMC10209146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The fusion of lipid membranes progresses through a series of hemifusion intermediates with two significant energy barriers related to the formation of stalk and fusion pore, respectively. These energy barriers determine the speed and success rate of many critical biological processes, including the fusion of highly curved membranes, for example synaptic vesicles and enveloped viruses. Here we use continuum elastic theory of lipid monolayers to determine the relationship between membrane shape and energy barriers to fusion. We find that the stalk formation energy decreases with curvature by up to 31 kBT in a 20-nm-radius vesicle compared with planar membranes and by up to 8 kBT in the fusion of highly curved, long, tubular membranes. In contrast, the fusion pore formation energy barrier shows a more complicated behavior. Immediately after stalk expansion to the hemifusion diaphragm, the fusion pore formation energy barrier is low (15-25 kBT) due to lipid stretching in the distal monolayers and increased tension in highly curved vesicles. Therefore, the opening of the fusion pore is faster. However, these stresses relax over time due to lipid flip-flop from the proximal monolayer, resulting in a larger hemifusion diaphragm and a higher fusion pore formation energy barrier, up to 35 kBT. Therefore, if the fusion pore fails to open before significant lipid flip-flop takes place, the reaction proceeds to an extended hemifusion diaphragm state, which is a dead-end configuration in the fusion process and can be used to prevent viral infections. In contrast, in the fusion of long tubular compartments, the surface tension does not accumulate due to the formation of the diaphragm, and the energy barrier for pore expansion increases with curvature by up to 11 kBT. This suggests that inhibition of polymorphic virus infection could particularly target this feature of the second barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonen Golani
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and BioQuant Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schwarz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and BioQuant Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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61
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Fu Y, Xue H, Wang T, Ding Y, Cui Y, Nie H. Fibrinolytic system and COVID-19: From an innovative view of epithelial ion transport. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114863. [PMID: 37172333 PMCID: PMC10169260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifeways of worldwide people have changed dramatically amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and public health is at stake currently. In the early stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, fibrinolytic system is mostly inhibited, which is responsible for the development of hypofibrinolysis, promoting disseminated intravascular coagulation, hyaline membrane formation, and pulmonary edema. Whereas the common feature and risk factor at advanced stage is a large amount of fibrin degradation products, including D-dimer, the characteristic of hyperfibrinolysis. Plasmin can cleave both SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and γ subunit of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), a critical element to edematous fluid clearance. In this review, we aim to sort out the role of fibrinolytic system in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, as well as provide the possible guidance in current treating methods. In addition, the abnormal regulation of ENaC in the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 mediated hypofibrinolysis and hyperfibrinolysis are summarized, with the view of proposing an innovative view of epithelial ion transport in preventing the dysfunction of fibrinolytic system during the progress of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Fu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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62
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Enhanced fitness of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant in ferrets. Virology 2023; 582:57-61. [PMID: 37028126 PMCID: PMC10073010 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Competition assays were conducted in vitro and in vivo to examine how the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant displaced the prototype Washington/1/2020 (WA/1) strain. While WA/1 virus exhibited a moderately increased proportion compared to that in the inoculum following co-infection in human respiratory cells, Delta variant possessed a substantial in vivo fitness advantage as this virus becoming predominant in both inoculated and contact animals. This work identifies critical traits of the Delta variant that likely played a role in it becoming a dominant variant and highlights the necessities of employing multiple model systems to assess the fitness of newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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63
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Resnick JD, Beer MA, Pekosz A. Early Transcriptional Responses of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells to Infection with Influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 Virus Differ and Are Influenced by Physiological Temperature. Pathogens 2023; 12:480. [PMID: 36986402 PMCID: PMC10051809 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2 (SCV2) viruses represent an ongoing threat to public health. Both viruses target the respiratory tract, which consists of a gradient of cell types, receptor expression, and temperature. Environmental temperature has been an understudied contributor to infection susceptibility and understanding its impact on host responses to infection could help uncover new insight into severe disease risk factors. As the nasal passageways are the initial site of respiratory virus infection, in this study we investigated the effect of temperature on host responses in human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) utilizing IAV and SCV2 in vitro infection models. We demonstrate that temperature affected SCV2, but not IAV, viral replicative fitness and that SCV2-infected cultures were slower to mount an infection-induced response, likely due to suppression by the virus. Additionally, we show that that temperature not only changed the basal transcriptomic landscape of epithelial cells, but that it also impacted the response to infection. The induction of interferon and other innate immune responses was not drastically affected by temperature, suggesting that while the baseline antiviral response at different temperatures remained consistent, there may be metabolic or signaling changes that affect how well the cultures were able to adapt to new pressures, such as infection. Finally, we show that hNECs responded differently to IAV and SCV2 infection in ways that give insight into how the virus is able to manipulate the cell to allow for replication and release. Taken together, these data give new insight into the innate immune response to respiratory infections and can assist in identifying new treatment strategies for respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Resnick
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael A. Beer
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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64
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Su P, Zhou F, Zhang L. Motile cilia and microvillar: accomplices of SARS-CoV-2 in penetrating mucus barrier and infecting airway epithelium. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:117. [PMID: 36918546 PMCID: PMC10011772 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Su
- Center for Infection & Immunity of International Institutes of Medicine, the fourth affiliated hospital, ZheJiang University School of Medicine, YiWu, 322000, China.,Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Long Zhang
- Center for Infection & Immunity of International Institutes of Medicine, the fourth affiliated hospital, ZheJiang University School of Medicine, YiWu, 322000, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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65
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Prescott RA, Pankow AP, de Vries M, Crosse K, Patel RS, Alu M, Loomis C, Torres V, Koralov S, Ivanova E, Dittmann M, Rosenberg BR. A comparative study of in vitro air-liquid interface culture models of the human airway epithelium evaluating cellular heterogeneity and gene expression at single cell resolution. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.27.530299. [PMID: 36909601 PMCID: PMC10002689 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.27.530299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium is composed of diverse cell types with specialized functions that mediate homeostasis and protect against respiratory pathogens. Human airway epithelial cultures at air-liquid interface (HAE) are a physiologically relevant in vitro model of this heterogeneous tissue, enabling numerous studies of airway disease 1â€"7 . HAE cultures are classically derived from primary epithelial cells, the relatively limited passage capacity of which can limit experimental methods and study designs. BCi-NS1.1, a previously described and widely used basal cell line engineered to express hTERT, exhibits extended passage lifespan while retaining capacity for differentiation to HAE 5 . However, gene expression and innate immune function in HAE derived from BCi-NS1.1 versus primary cells have not been fully characterized. Here, combining single cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq), immunohistochemistry, and functional experimentation, we confirm at high resolution that BCi-NS1.1 and primary HAE cultures are largely similar in morphology, cell type composition, and overall transcriptional patterns. While we observed cell-type specific expression differences of several interferon stimulated genes in BCi-NS1.1 HAE cultures, we did not observe significant differences in susceptibility to infection with influenza A virus and Staphylococcus aureus . Taken together, our results further support BCi-NS1.1-derived HAE cultures as a valuable tool for the study of airway infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alec P. Pankow
- Department of Microbiology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Maren de Vries
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Keaton Crosse
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Roosheel S. Patel
- Department of Microbiology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Mark Alu
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Cynthia Loomis
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Victor Torres
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Sergei Koralov
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Ellie Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Meike Dittmann
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Brad R. Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
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66
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Mironov AA, Savin MA, Beznoussenko GV. COVID-19 Biogenesis and Intracellular Transport. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054523. [PMID: 36901955 PMCID: PMC10002980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The structure of SARS-CoV-2 and most of its proteins of have been deciphered. SARS-CoV-2 enters cells through the endocytic pathway and perforates the endosomes' membranes, and its (+) RNA appears in the cytosol. Then, SARS-CoV-2 starts to use the protein machines of host cells and their membranes for its biogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 generates a replication organelle in the reticulo-vesicular network of the zippered endoplasmic reticulum and double membrane vesicles. Then, viral proteins start to oligomerize and are subjected to budding within the ER exit sites, and its virions are passed through the Golgi complex, where the proteins are subjected to glycosylation and appear in post-Golgi carriers. After their fusion with the plasma membrane, glycosylated virions are secreted into the lumen of airways or (seemingly rarely) into the space between epithelial cells. This review focuses on the biology of SARS-CoV-2's interactions with cells and its transport within cells. Our analysis revealed a significant number of unclear points related to intracellular transport in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Mironov
- Department of Cell Biology, IFOM ETS—The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maksim A. Savin
- The Department for Welding Production and Technology of Constructional Materials, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Komsomolsky Prospekt, 29, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Galina V. Beznoussenko
- Department of Cell Biology, IFOM ETS—The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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67
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Lin Z, Sun L, Li L, Jiang S. Nasal mucosa is much more susceptible than oral mucosa to infection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants: Wearing nasal masks where facial masks cannot be used. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28577. [PMID: 36779355 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lujia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liliang Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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68
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Across the mucus. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:65. [PMID: 36513767 PMCID: PMC9746561 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study reports that SARS-CoV-2 binds to cilia and reprogrammes microvilli to promote replication in the nasal airway.
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69
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Theaux C, Martin Y, Montoto Piazza L, Wenk G, Notaristefano G, Miño L, Sevilla ME, Aprea V, Claps A, Nabaes Jodar M, Acuña D, Salvatori M, Álvarez L, Langan ME, Turk G, Del Olmo R, Viegas M, Bruno M, Bokser V. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding and infectivity in immunized population: Prospective study along different epidemiological periods in Argentina. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285704. [PMID: 37196044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During the pandemic of COVID-19, numerous waves of infections affected the two hemispheres with different impacts on each country. Throughout these waves, and with the emergence of new variants, health systems and scientists have tried to provide real-time responses to the complex biology of SARS-CoV-2, dealing with different clinical presentations, biological characteristics, and clinical impact of these variants. In this context, knowing the extent period in which an infected individual releases infectious viral particles has important implications for public health. This work aimed to investigate viral RNA shedding and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 beyond 10 days after symptom onset (SO). A prospective multicenter study was performed between July/2021 and February/2022 on 116 immunized strategic personnel with COVID-19 diagnosed by RT-qPCR, with asymptomatic (7%), mild (91%) or moderate disease (2%). At the time of diagnosis, 70% had 2 doses of vaccines, 26% had 2 plus a booster, and 4% had one dose. After day 10 from SO, sequential nasopharyngeal swabs were taken to perform RT-qPCR, viral isolation, and S gene sequencing when possible. Viral sequences were obtained in 98 samples: 43% were Delta, 16% Lambda, 15% Gamma, 25% Omicron (BA.1) and 1% Non-VOC/VOI, in accordance with the main circulating variants at each moment. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected 10 days post SO in 57% of the subjects. Omicron was significantly less persistent. Noteworthy, infective viruses could not be isolated in any of the samples. In conclusion, a 10-days isolation period was useful to prevent further infections, and proved valid for the variants studied. Recently, even shorter periods have been applied, as the Omicron variant is prevalent, and worldwide population is largely vaccinated. In the future, facing the possible emergence of new variants and considering immunological status, a return to 10 days may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Theaux
- División Laboratorio, Departamento de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yamila Martin
- Hospital Municipal de Rehabilitación Respiratoria María Ferrer, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Montoto Piazza
- Departamento de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gretel Wenk
- Departamento de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Notaristefano
- División Laboratorio, Departamento de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Miño
- División Promoción y Protección de la Salud, Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Sevilla
- División Promoción y Protección de la Salud, Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Aprea
- División Promoción y Protección de la Salud, Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aldana Claps
- Departamento de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Nabaes Jodar
- Laboratorio de Virología, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consorcio Argentino de Genómica de SARS-CoV-2 (Proyecto PAIS), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dolores Acuña
- Laboratorio de Virología, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consorcio Argentino de Genómica de SARS-CoV-2 (Proyecto PAIS), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Salvatori
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Álvarez
- División Promoción y Protección de la Salud, Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Langan
- División Promoción y Protección de la Salud, Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Turk
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Del Olmo
- Hospital Municipal de Rehabilitación Respiratoria María Ferrer, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Viegas
- Laboratorio de Virología, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consorcio Argentino de Genómica de SARS-CoV-2 (Proyecto PAIS), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miriam Bruno
- División Promoción y Protección de la Salud, Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vivian Bokser
- División Promoción y Protección de la Salud, Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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