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Mitochondrial proteotoxicity: implications and ubiquitin-dependent quality control mechanisms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:574. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bennett CF, Ronayne CT, Puigserver P. Targeting adaptive cellular responses to mitochondrial bioenergetic deficiencies in human disease. FEBS J 2022; 289:6969-6993. [PMID: 34510753 PMCID: PMC8917243 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly appreciated as a central contributor to human disease. Oxidative metabolism at the mitochondrial respiratory chain produces ATP and is intricately tied to redox homeostasis and biosynthetic pathways. Metabolic stress arising from genetic mutations in mitochondrial genes and environmental factors such as malnutrition or overnutrition is perceived by the cell and leads to adaptive and maladaptive responses that can underlie pathology. Here, we will outline cellular sensors that react to alterations in energy production, organellar redox, and metabolites stemming from mitochondrial disease (MD) mutations. MD is a heterogeneous group of disorders primarily defined by defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation from nuclear or mitochondrial-encoded gene mutations. Preclinical therapies that improve fitness of MD mouse models have been recently identified. Targeting metabolic/energetic deficiencies, maladaptive signaling processes, and hyper-oxygenation of tissues are all strategies aside from direct genetic approaches that hold therapeutic promise. A further mechanistic understanding of these curative processes as well as the identification of novel targets will significantly impact mitochondrial biology and disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Bennett
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Conor T Ronayne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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The oncoprotein MUC1 facilitates breast cancer progression by promoting Pink1-dependent mitophagy via ATAD3A destabilization. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:899. [PMID: 36289190 PMCID: PMC9606306 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a vital process that controls mitochondria quality, dysregulation of which can promote cancer. Oncoprotein mucin 1 (MUC1) targets mitochondria to attenuate drug-induced apoptosis. However, little is known about whether and how MUC1 contributes to mitochondrial homeostasis in cancer cells. We identified a novel role of MUC1 in promoting mitophagy. Increased mitophagy is coupled with the translocation of MUC1 to mitochondria, where MUC1 interacts with and induces degradation of ATPase family AAA domain-containing 3A (ATAD3A), resulting in protection of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (Pink1) from ATAD3A-mediated cleavage. Interestingly, MUC1-induced mitophagy is associated with increased oncogenicity of cancer cells. Similarly, inhibition of mitophagy significantly suppresses MUC1-induced cancer cell activity in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, MUC1 and ATAD3A protein levels present an inverse relationship in tumor tissues of breast cancer patients. Our data validate that MUC1/ATAD3A/Pink1 axis-mediated mitophagy constitutes a novel mechanism for maintaining the malignancy of cancer cells, providing a novel therapeutic approach for MUC1-positive cancers.
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Basal Gp78-dependent mitophagy promotes mitochondrial health and limits mitochondrial ROS. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:565. [PMID: 36284011 PMCID: PMC9596570 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are major sources of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, that when uncontrolled contribute to cancer progression. Maintaining a finely tuned, healthy mitochondrial population is essential for cellular homeostasis and survival. Mitophagy, the selective elimination of mitochondria by autophagy, monitors and maintains mitochondrial health and integrity, eliminating damaged ROS-producing mitochondria. However, mechanisms underlying mitophagic control of mitochondrial homeostasis under basal conditions remain poorly understood. E3 ubiquitin ligase Gp78 is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein that induces mitochondrial fission and mitophagy of depolarized mitochondria. Here, we report that CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of Gp78 in HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells increased mitochondrial volume, elevated ROS production and rendered cells resistant to carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP)-induced mitophagy. These effects were phenocopied by knockdown of the essential autophagy protein ATG5 in wild-type HT-1080 cells. Use of the mito-Keima mitophagy probe confirmed that Gp78 promoted both basal and damage-induced mitophagy. Application of a spot detection algorithm (SPECHT) to GFP-mRFP tandem fluorescent-tagged LC3 (tfLC3)-positive autophagosomes reported elevated autophagosomal maturation in wild-type HT-1080 cells relative to Gp78 knockout cells, predominantly in proximity to mitochondria. Mitophagy inhibition by either Gp78 knockout or ATG5 knockdown reduced mitochondrial potential and increased mitochondrial ROS. Live cell analysis of tfLC3 in HT-1080 cells showed the preferential association of autophagosomes with mitochondria of reduced potential. Xenograft tumors of HT-1080 knockout cells show increased labeling for mitochondria and the cell proliferation marker Ki67 and reduced labeling for the TUNEL cell death reporter. Basal Gp78-dependent mitophagic flux is, therefore, selectively associated with reduced potential mitochondria promoting maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial population, limiting ROS production and tumor cell proliferation.
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Asthana J, Shravage BV. Exploring therapeutic potential of mitophagy modulators using Drosophila models of Parkinson’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:986849. [PMID: 36337696 PMCID: PMC9632658 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.986849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most popular age-associated neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn), and locomotor defects are the main characteristic features of PD. The main cause of a familial form of PD is associated with a mutation in genes such as SNCA, PINK1, Parkin, DJ-1, LRKK2, and others. Recent advances have uncovered the different underlying mechanisms of PD but the treatment of PD is still unknown due to the unavailability of effective therapies and preventive medicines in the current scenario. The pathophysiology and genetics of PD have been strongly associated with mitochondria in disease etiology. Several studies have investigated a complex molecular mechanism governing the identification and clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria from the cell, a mitochondrial quality control mechanism called mitophagy. Reduced mitophagy and mitochondrial impairment are found in both sporadic and familial PD. Pharmacologically modulating mitophagy and accelerating the removal of defective mitochondria are of common interest in developing a therapy for PD. However, despite the extensive understanding of the mitochondrial quality control pathway and its underlying mechanism, the therapeutic potential of targeting mitophagy modulation and its role in PD remains to be explored. Thus, targeting mitophagy using chemical agents and naturally occurring phytochemicals could be an emerging therapeutic strategy in PD prevention and treatment. We discuss the current research on understanding the role of mitophagy modulators in PD using Drosophila melanogaster as a model. We further explore the contribution of Drosophila in the pathophysiology of PD, and discuss comprehensive genetic analysis in flies and pharmacological drug screening to develop potential therapeutic molecules for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Asthana
- Developmental Biology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Bhupendra V. Shravage
- Developmental Biology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Bhupendra V. Shravage,
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Mitophagy and Their Correlation with Perinatal Complications: Preeclampsia and Low Birth Weight. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102539. [PMID: 36289801 PMCID: PMC9599185 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles and crucial for cellular survival. Mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy are dynamic features that are essential for both maintaining the health of the mitochondrial network and cellular demands. The accumulation of damaged mitochondria has been shown to be related to a wide range of pathologies ranging from neurological to musculoskeletal. Mitophagy is the selective autophagy of mitochondria, eliminating dysfunctional mitochondria in cells by engulfment within double-membraned vesicles. Preeclampsia and low birth weight constitute prenatal complications during pregnancy and are leading causes of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Both placental implantation and fetal growth require a large amount of energy, and a defect in the mitochondrial quality control mechanism may be responsible for the pathophysiology of these diseases. In this review, we compiled current studies investigating the role of BNIP3, DRAM1, and FUNDC1, mediators of receptor-mediated mitophagy, in the progression of preeclampsia and the role of mitophagy pathways in the pathophysiology of low birth weight. Recent studies have indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of reactive oxygen species are related to preeclampsia and low birth weight. However, due to the lack of studies in this field, the results are controversial. Therefore, mitophagy-related pathways associated with these pathologies still need to be elucidated. Mitophagy-related pathways are among the promising study targets that can reveal the pathophysiology behind preeclampsia and low birth weight.
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Ajoolabady A, Chiong M, Lavandero S, Klionsky DJ, Ren J. Mitophagy in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms, pathogenesis, and treatment. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:836-849. [PMID: 35879138 PMCID: PMC9509460 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the growing prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), there is an urgent need to explore non-conventional therapeutic measures to alleviate the burden of CVD on global healthcare. Mitochondrial injury plays a cardinal role in the pathogenesis of CVD. Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are essential machineries that govern mitochondrial health in cardiomyocytes in physiological and pathophysiological settings. However, with the onset and progression of CVD, homeostasis of mitophagy is disturbed through largely unknown pathological mechanisms, causing mitochondrial damage and ultimately cardiomyocyte death. In this review we decipher the dual regulatory role of mitophagy in CVD pathogenesis, summarize controversies in mitophagy, and highlight recently identified compounds capable of modulating mitophagy. We share our perspectives on future mitophagy research directions in the context of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mario Chiong
- Center for Advanced Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Center for Advanced Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA.
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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The compartmentalised nature of neuronal mitophagy: molecular insights and implications. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e38. [PMID: 36172898 PMCID: PMC9884780 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial network and the ability to adjust organelle population in response to internal or external stimuli are essential for the function and the survival of eukaryotic cells. Over the last two decades several studies have demonstrated the paramount importance of mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy that removes damaged and/or superfluous organelles, in organismal physiology. Post-mitotic neuronal cells are particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial damage, and mitophagy impairment has emerged as a causative factor in multiple neurodegenerative pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease among others. Although mitochondrial turnover is a multifaceted process, neurons have to tackle additional complications, arising from their pronounced bioenergetic demands and their unique architecture and cellular polarisation that render the degradation of distal organelles challenging. Mounting evidence indicates that despite the functional conservation of mitophagy pathways, the unique features of neuronal physiology have led to the adaptation of compartmentalised solutions, which serve to ensure seamless mitochondrial removal in every part of the cell. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms that mediate mitophagy compartmentalisation and discuss their implications in various human pathologies.
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59
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Ning P, Jiang X, Yang J, Zhang J, Yang F, Cao H. Mitophagy: A potential therapeutic target for insulin resistance. Front Physiol 2022; 13:957968. [PMID: 36082218 PMCID: PMC9445132 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.957968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose and lipid metabolism disorders caused by insulin resistance (IR) can lead to metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome. Early and targeted intervention of IR is beneficial for the treatment of various metabolic disorders. Although significant progress has been made in the development of IR drug therapies, the state of the condition has not improved significantly. There is a critical need to identify novel therapeutic targets. Mitophagy is a type of selective autophagy quality control system that is activated to clear damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria. Mitophagy is highly regulated by various signaling pathways, such as the AMPK/mTOR pathway which is involved in the initiation of mitophagy, and the PINK1/Parkin, BNIP3/Nix, and FUNDC1 pathways, which are involved in mitophagosome formation. Mitophagy is involved in numerous human diseases such as neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and aging. However, recently, there has been an increasing interest in the role of mitophagy in metabolic disorders. There is emerging evidence that normal mitophagy can improve IR. Unfortunately, few studies have investigated the relationship between mitophagy and IR. Therefore, we set out to review the role of mitophagy in IR and explore whether mitophagy may be a potential new target for IR therapy. We hope that this effort serves to stimulate further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital(The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital(The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital(The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital(The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital(The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Yang, ; Hongyi Cao,
| | - Hongyi Cao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital(The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Yang, ; Hongyi Cao,
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60
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Liu Y, Wang M, Hou XO, Hu LF. Roles of microglial mitophagy in neurological disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:979869. [PMID: 36034136 PMCID: PMC9399802 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.979869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident innate immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that serve as the first line innate immunity in response to pathogen invasion, ischemia and other pathological stimuli. Once activated, they rapidly release a variety of inflammatory cytokines and phagocytose pathogens or cell debris (termed neuroinflammation), which is beneficial for maintaining brain homeostasis if appropriately activated. However, excessive or uncontrolled neuroinflammation may damage neurons and exacerbate the pathologies in neurological disorders. Microglia are highly dynamic cells, dependent on energy supply from mitochondria. Moreover, dysfunctional mitochondria can serve as a signaling platform to facilitate innate immune responses in microglia. Mitophagy is a means of clearing damaged or redundant mitochondria, playing a critical role in the quality control of mitochondrial homeostasis and turnover. Mounting evidence has shown that mitophagy not only limits the inflammatory response in microglia but also affects their phagocytosis, whereas mitochondria dysfunction and mitophagy defects are associated with aging and neurological disorders. Therefore, targeting microglial mitophagy is a promising therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders. This article reviews and highlights the role and regulation of mitophagy in microglia in neurological conditions, and the research progress in manipulating microglial mitophagy and future directions in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Hou
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Ou Hou,
| | - Li-Fang Hu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Li-Fang Hu,
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Prasad A, Khatua A, Mohanta YK, Saravanan M, Meena R, Ghosh I. Low-dose exposure to phytosynthesized gold nanoparticles combined with glutamine deprivation enhances cell death in the cancer cell line HeLa via oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:10399-10417. [PMID: 35819245 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02150a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells use nutrients like D-glucose (Glc) and L-glutamine (Q) more efficiently for their development. This increased nutritional dependency of malignant cells has been commonly employed in various in vitro and in vivo models of anticancer therapies. This study utilized a combination of a low dose (25 μg mL-1) of S2, a phytosynthesized gold nanoparticle (AuNP) that was previously proven to be non-toxic, and deprivation of extracellular glutamine as an anticancer strategy in the human cervical cancer cell line HeLa. We discovered that 24 h Q deprivation led to a less significant decrease in the viability of HeLa cells while a low dose of S2 caused a non-significant reduction in the viability of HeLa cells. However, combining these two treatments resulted in highly significant inhibition of cell growth, as measured by the MTT test and morphological examination. Glutamine starvation in HeLa cells was found to induce cellular uptake of S2 via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, thus facilitating the improved antitumor effects of the combined treatment. Flow cytometry-based assays using fluorescent probes H2DCFDA and MitoSOX Red confirmed that this combination therapy involved the development of oxidative stress conditions owing to a surplus of cytosolic reactive oxygen species (cytoROS) and mitochondrial superoxide (mtSOX) generation. Furthermore, the investigated combinatorial treatment also indicated mitochondrial inactivity and disintegration, as evidenced by the drop in the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and the decrease in the mitochondrial mass (mtMass) in a flow-cytometric assay utilizing the probes. Tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester and MitoTracker Green FM, respectively. Cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, induction of cell death via apoptosis/necrosis, and inhibition of migration capacities of HeLa cells were also seen after the combined treatment. Thus, this research provides insight into a new combinatorial approach for reducing the dose of nanoparticles and increasing their efficacy to better inhibit the growth of human cervical cancer cells by leveraging their extracellular glutamine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Prasad
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Lab#103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Ashapurna Khatua
- Nanotoxicology Laboratory, Lab#312, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi-793101, India.
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- AMR and Nanotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Ramovatar Meena
- Nanotoxicology Laboratory, Lab#312, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Ilora Ghosh
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Lab#103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Jin P, Jiang J, Zhou L, Huang Z, Nice EC, Huang C, Fu L. Mitochondrial adaptation in cancer drug resistance: prevalence, mechanisms, and management. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:97. [PMID: 35851420 PMCID: PMC9290242 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance represents a major obstacle in cancer management, and the mechanisms underlying stress adaptation of cancer cells in response to therapy-induced hostile environment are largely unknown. As the central organelle for cellular energy supply, mitochondria can rapidly undergo dynamic changes and integrate cellular signaling pathways to provide bioenergetic and biosynthetic flexibility for cancer cells, which contributes to multiple aspects of tumor characteristics, including drug resistance. Therefore, targeting mitochondria for cancer therapy and overcoming drug resistance has attracted increasing attention for various types of cancer. Multiple mitochondrial adaptation processes, including mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial metabolism, and mitochondrial apoptotic regulatory machinery, have been demonstrated to be potential targets. However, recent increasing insights into mitochondria have revealed the complexity of mitochondrial structure and functions, the elusive functions of mitochondria in tumor biology, and the targeting inaccessibility of mitochondria, which have posed challenges for the clinical application of mitochondrial-based cancer therapeutic strategies. Therefore, discovery of both novel mitochondria-targeting agents and innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches is urgently required. Here, we review the most recent literature to summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial stress adaptation and their intricate connection with cancer drug resistance. In addition, an overview of the emerging strategies to target mitochondria for effectively overcoming chemoresistance is highlighted, with an emphasis on drug repositioning and mitochondrial drug delivery approaches, which may accelerate the application of mitochondria-targeting compounds for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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63
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Ding H, Wang Y, Cui Y, Chen Z, Li Y, Yang J, Yang Y, Chen T, Xia D, Li C, Xu C, Ding C, Zhao J. Comprehensive analysis of the expression and prognosis for RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases in lung adenocarcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:2459-2472. [PMID: 35820682 PMCID: PMC9436683 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of non‐small cell lung cancer and has a poor prognosis. RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases are a special class of E3 ubiquitin ligases which contain three zinc‐bing domains that catalyze ubiquitin to substrate proteins. The RBR family of E3 ubiquitin ligases has been reported in various human malignancies, but the roles of RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases in LUAD remain unclear. Methods By using TCGA and Kaplan–Meier plotter databases, we examined the expression and prognostic value of RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases. cBioPortal was used to analyze genetic mutations. The STRING database was used to build a protein interactive network. GO, KEGG, and GSEA were performed to investigate the potential biological functions of RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases. Results The expression of ARIH2, RNF144B, RNF216, and RNF217 was significantly related to the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in LUAD patients. GSEA enrichment result showed ARIH2, RNF144B, RNF216, and RNF217 were all associated with NADH dehydrogenase complex assembly. GO functional enrichment analysis revealed that four RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases and their interactors were most correlated with ubiquitin‐protein transferase activity. KEGG pathway analysis indicated they were associated with cytosolic DNA‐sensing pathway, RIG‐I‐like receptor signaling pathway and NF‐kappa B signaling pathway. Conclusions Our comprehensive bioinformatic analysis revealed that ARIH2, RNF144B, RNF216, and RNF217 may be new prognostic biomarkers and these findings will help to better understand the distinct roles of RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhike Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Tengfei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dian Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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64
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Sharma B, Pal D, Sharma U, Kumar A. Mitophagy: An Emergence of New Player in Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:921908. [PMID: 35875669 PMCID: PMC9296849 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.921908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria provide neurons not only energy as ATP to keep them growing, proliferating and developing, but they also control apoptosis. Due to their high bioenergetic demand, neurons which are highly specific terminally differentiated cells, essentially depend on mitochondria. Defective mitochondrial function is thus related to numerous age-linked neurodegenerative ailments like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in which the build-up of impaired and malfunctioning mitochondria has been identified as a primary sign, paying to disease development. Mitophagy, selective autophagy, is a key mitochondrial quality control system that helps neurons to stay healthy and functional by removing undesired and damaged mitochondria. Dysfunctional mitochondria and dysregulated mitophagy have been closely associated with the onset of ADs. Various proteins associated with mitophagy were found to be altered in AD. Therapeutic strategies focusing on the restoration of mitophagy capabilities could be utilized to strike the development of AD pathogenesis. We summarize the mechanism and role of mitophagy in the onset and advancement of AD, in the quality control mechanism of mitochondria, the consequences of dysfunctional mitophagy in AD, and potential therapeutic approaches involving mitophagy modulation in AD. To develop new therapeutic methods, a better knowledge of the function of mitophagy in the pathophysiology of AD is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunty Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Haryana, India
| | - Deeksha Pal
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ujjawal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Haryana, India
- *Correspondence: Ujjawal Sharma,
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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65
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Howard M, Erickson J, Cuba Z, Kim S, Zhou W, Gade P, Carter R, Mitchell K, Branscome H, Siddhi D, Alanazi F, Kim Y, Araujo RP, Haymond A, Luchini A, Kashanchi F, Liotta LA. A secretory form of Parkin-independent mitophagy contributes to the repertoire of extracellular vesicles released into the tumour interstitial fluid in vivo. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12244. [PMID: 35879267 PMCID: PMC9314315 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized the in vivo interstitial fluid (IF) content of extracellular vesicles (EVs) using the GFP-4T1 syngeneic murine cancer model to study EVs in-transit to the draining lymph node. GFP labelling confirmed the IF EV tumour cell origin. Molecular analysis revealed an abundance of IF EV-associated proteins specifically involved in mitophagy and secretory autophagy. A set of proteins required for sequential steps of fission-induced mitophagy preferentially populated the CD81+/PD-L1+ IF EVs; PINK1, TOM20, and ARIH1 E3 ubiquitin ligase (required for Parkin-independent mitophagy), DRP1 and FIS1 (mitochondrial peripheral fission), VDAC-1 (ubiquitination state triggers mitophagy away from apoptosis), VPS35, SEC22b, and Rab33b (vacuolar sorting). Comparing in vivo IF EVs to in vitro EVs revealed 40% concordance, with an elevation of mitophagy proteins in the CD81+ EVs for both murine and human cell lines subjected to metabolic stress. The export of cellular mitochondria proteins to CD81+ EVs was confirmed by density gradient isolation from the bulk EV isolate followed by anti-CD81 immunoprecipitation, molecular sieve chromatography, and MitoTracker export into CD81+ EVs. We propose the 4T1 in vivo model as a versatile tool to functionally characterize IF EVs. IF EV export of fission mitophagy proteins has broad implications for mitochondrial function and cellular immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Howard
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - James Erickson
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Zachary Cuba
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Shawn Kim
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Purva Gade
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel Carter
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Kelsey Mitchell
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Heather Branscome
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Daivik Siddhi
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Fatimah Alanazi
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Yuriy Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Robyn P Araujo
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amanda Haymond
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Alessandra Luchini
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
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66
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Keeping Cell Death Alive: An Introduction into the French Cell Death Research Network. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070901. [PMID: 35883457 PMCID: PMC9313292 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the Nobel Prize award more than twenty years ago for discovering the core apoptotic pathway in C. elegans, apoptosis and various other forms of regulated cell death have been thoroughly characterized by researchers around the world. Although many aspects of regulated cell death still remain to be elucidated in specific cell subtypes and disease conditions, many predicted that research into cell death was inexorably reaching a plateau. However, this was not the case since the last decade saw a multitude of cell death modalities being described, while harnessing their therapeutic potential reached clinical use in certain cases. In line with keeping research into cell death alive, francophone researchers from several institutions in France and Belgium established the French Cell Death Research Network (FCDRN). The research conducted by FCDRN is at the leading edge of emerging topics such as non-apoptotic functions of apoptotic effectors, paracrine effects of cell death, novel canonical and non-canonical mechanisms to induce apoptosis in cell death-resistant cancer cells or regulated forms of necrosis and the associated immunogenic response. Collectively, these various lines of research all emerged from the study of apoptosis and in the next few years will increase the mechanistic knowledge into regulated cell death and how to harness it for therapy.
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67
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Mitochondrial autophagy: molecular mechanisms and implications for cardiovascular disease. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:444. [PMID: 35534453 PMCID: PMC9085840 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that participate in ATP generation and involve calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress response, and apoptosis. Dysfunctional or damaged mitochondria could cause serious consequences even lead to cell death. Therefore, maintaining the homeostasis of mitochondria is critical for cellular functions. Mitophagy is a process of selectively degrading damaged mitochondria under mitochondrial toxicity conditions, which plays an essential role in mitochondrial quality control. The abnormal mitophagy that aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the pathogenesis of many diseases. As the myocardium is a highly oxidative metabolic tissue, mitochondria play a central role in maintaining optimal performance of the heart. Dysfunctional mitochondria accumulation is involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy and heart failure. This review discusses the most recent progress on mitophagy and its role in cardiovascular disease.
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68
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Zhu D, Han F, Sun L, Agnihotri SK, Hu Y, Büeler H. Loss of PTEN-Induced Kinase 1 Regulates Oncogenic Ras-Driven Tumor Growth By Inhibiting Mitochondrial Fission. Front Oncol 2022; 12:893396. [PMID: 35600352 PMCID: PMC9117651 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.893396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics (fission and fusion) critically regulate cell survival and proliferation, and abnormalities in these pathways are implicated in both neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Mitochondrial fission is necessary for the growth of mutant Ras-dependent tumors. Here, we investigated whether loss of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) - a mitochondrial kinase linked to recessive familial Parkinsonism - affects the growth of oncogenic Ras-induced tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. We show that RasG12D-transformed embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from PINK1-deficient mice display reduced growth in soft agar and in nude mice, as well as increased necrosis and decreased cell cycle progression, compared to RasG12D-transformed MEFs derived from wildtype mice. PINK1 re-expression (overexpression) at least partially rescues these phenotypes. Neither PINK1 deletion nor PINK1 overexpression altered Ras expression levels. Intriguingly, PINK1-deficient Ras-transformed MEFs exhibited elongated mitochondria and altered DRP1 phosphorylation, a key event in regulating mitochondrial fission. Inhibition of DRP1 diminished PINK1-regulated mitochondria morphological changes and tumor growth suggesting that PINK1 deficiency primarily inhibits Ras-driven tumor growth through disturbances in mitochondrial fission and associated cell necrosis and cell cycle defects. Moreover, we substantiate the requirement of PINK1 for optimal growth of Ras-transformed cells by showing that human HCT116 colon carcinoma cells (carrying an endogenous RasG13D mutation) with CRISPR/Cas9-introduced PINK1 gene deletions also show reduced mitochondrial fission and decreased growth. Our results support the importance of mitochondrial function and dynamics in regulating the growth of Ras-dependent tumor cells and provide insight into possible mechanisms underlying the lower incidence of cancers in Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ying Hu
- *Correspondence: Hansruedi Büeler, ; Ying Hu,
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69
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Long M, Sanchez-Martinez A, Longo M, Suomi F, Stenlund H, Johansson AI, Ehsan H, Salo VT, Montava-Garriga L, Naddafi S, Ikonen E, Ganley IG, Whitworth AJ, McWilliams TG. DGAT1 activity synchronises with mitophagy to protect cells from metabolic rewiring by iron depletion. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109390. [PMID: 35411952 PMCID: PMC9108618 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy removes defective mitochondria via lysosomal elimination. Increased mitophagy coincides with metabolic reprogramming, yet it remains unknown whether mitophagy is a cause or consequence of such state changes. The signalling pathways that integrate with mitophagy to sustain cell and tissue integrity also remain poorly defined. We performed temporal metabolomics on mammalian cells treated with deferiprone, a therapeutic iron chelator that stimulates PINK1/PARKIN-independent mitophagy. Iron depletion profoundly rewired the metabolome, hallmarked by remodelling of lipid metabolism within minutes of treatment. DGAT1-dependent lipid droplet biosynthesis occurred several hours before mitochondrial clearance, with lipid droplets bordering mitochondria upon iron chelation. We demonstrate that DGAT1 inhibition restricts mitophagy in vitro, with impaired lysosomal homeostasis and cell viability. Importantly, genetic depletion of DGAT1 in vivo significantly impaired neuronal mitophagy and locomotor function in Drosophila. Our data define iron depletion as a potent signal that rapidly reshapes metabolism and establishes an unexpected synergy between lipid homeostasis and mitophagy that safeguards cell and tissue integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Long
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Marianna Longo
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, The Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Fumi Suomi
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hans Stenlund
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annika I Johansson
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Homa Ehsan
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veijo T Salo
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lambert Montava-Garriga
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, The Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Seyedehshima Naddafi
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Ikonen
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian G Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, The Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Thomas G McWilliams
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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70
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GCN2: roles in tumour development and progression. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:737-745. [PMID: 35311890 PMCID: PMC9162460 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GCN2 (general control nonderepessible 2) is an eIF2α kinase responsible for entirely rewiring the metabolism of cells when they are put under amino acid starvation stress. Recently, there has been renewed interest in GCN2 as a potential oncotarget, with several studies reporting the development of small molecule inhibitors. The foundation of this work is built upon biochemical and cellular data which suggest GCN2 may be aberrantly overexpressed and is responsible for keeping cells on ‘life-support’ while tumours undergo significant nutritional stress during tumorigenesis, allowing cancer stem cells to develop chemotherapeutic resistance. However, most studies which have investigated the role of GCN2 in cancer have been conducted in various cancer model systems, often under a specific set of stresses, mutational backgrounds and drug cocktails. This review aims to comprehensively summarise the biochemical, molecular and cellular literature associated with GCN2 and its role in various cancers and determine whether a consensus can be developed to discern under which circumstances we may wish to target GCN2.
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71
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Wang J, Liu J, Wang J, Wang S, Li F, Li R, Liu P, Li M, Wang C. Identification of proteomic markers for prediction of the response to 5-Fluorouracil based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer patients. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:117. [PMID: 35292026 PMCID: PMC8922748 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) prior to surgery is the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), while parts of them show poor therapeutic response accompanied by therapy adverse effects. Predictive biomarkers for nCRT response could facilitate the guidance on treatment decisions but are still insufficient until now, which limits the clinical applications of nCRT in LARC patients. Methods In our study, 37 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies were obtained from patients with LARC before receiving 5-fluorouracil based nCRT. Proteomics analyses were conducted to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between total responders (TR) and poor responders (PR). The DEPs were validated via ROC plotter web tool and their predictive performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Functional enrichment analyses were performed to further explore the potential mechanisms underlying nCRT response. Results Among 3,998 total proteins, 91 DEPs between TR and PR were screened out. HSPA4, NIPSNAP1, and SPTB all with areas under the curve (AUC) ~ 0.8 in the internal discovery cohort were independently validated by the external mRNA datasets (AUC ~ 0.7), and their protein levels were linearly correlated with the graded responses to nCRT in the internal cohort. The combination of HSPA4 and SPTB could distinctly discriminate the TR and PR groups (AUC = 0.980, p < 0.0001). Moreover, multiple combinations of the three proteins realized increased specificity and/or sensitivity, while achieving favorable predictive value when moderate responders were introduced into the ROC analysis. Pathways including DNA damage repair, cell cycle, and epithelial mesenchymal transition were involved in nCRT response according to the enrichment analysis results. Conclusions HSPA4, SPTB and NIPSNAP1 in tumor biopsies and/or their optional combinations might be potential predictive markers for nCRT response in patients with LARC. The DEPs and their related functions have implications for the potential mechanisms of treatment response to nCRT in patients with LARC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02530-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jinyang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Shijian Wang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ruibing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Mianyang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Chengbin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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72
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Ghosh JC, Perego M, Agarwal E, Bertolini I, Wang Y, Goldman AR, Tang HY, Kossenkov AV, Landis CJ, Languino LR, Plow EF, Morotti A, Ottobrini L, Locatelli M, Speicher DW, Caino MC, Cassel J, Salvino JM, Robert ME, Vaira V, Altieri DC. Ghost mitochondria drive metastasis through adaptive GCN2/Akt therapeutic vulnerability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2115624119. [PMID: 35177476 PMCID: PMC8872753 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115624119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metabolism, including in mitochondria, is a disease hallmark and therapeutic target, but its regulation is poorly understood. Here, we show that many human tumors have heterogeneous and often reduced levels of Mic60, or Mitofilin, an essential scaffold of mitochondrial structure. Despite a catastrophic collapse of mitochondrial integrity, loss of bioenergetics, and oxidative damage, tumors with Mic60 depletion slow down cell proliferation, evade cell death, and activate a nuclear gene expression program of innate immunity and cytokine/chemokine signaling. In turn, this induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), activates tumor cell movements through exaggerated mitochondrial dynamics, and promotes metastatic dissemination in vivo. In a small-molecule drug screen, compensatory activation of stress response (GCN2) and survival (Akt) signaling maintains the viability of Mic60-low tumors and provides a selective therapeutic vulnerability. These data demonstrate that acutely damaged, "ghost" mitochondria drive tumor progression and expose an actionable therapeutic target in metastasis-prone cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish C Ghosh
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michela Perego
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ekta Agarwal
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Irene Bertolini
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yuan Wang
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Aaron R Goldman
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Catherine J Landis
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Edward F Plow
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Annamaria Morotti
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - David W Speicher
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - M Cecilia Caino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Joel Cassel
- Molecular Screening and Protein Expression Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Joseph M Salvino
- Molecular Screening and Protein Expression Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Marie E Robert
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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73
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Sun X, Shu Y, Ye G, Wu C, Xu M, Gao R, Huang D, Zhang J. Histone deacetylase inhibitors inhibit cervical cancer growth through Parkin acetylation-mediated mitophagy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:838-852. [PMID: 35256949 PMCID: PMC8897022 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, plays a role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis through targeting damaged mitochondria for mitophagy. Accumulating evidence suggests that the acetylation modification of the key mitophagy machinery influences mitophagy level, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, our study demonstrated that inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) by treatment of HDACis activates mitophagy through mediating Parkin acetylation, leading to inhibition of cervical cancer cell proliferation. Bioinformatics analysis shows that Parkin expression is inversely correlated with HDAC2 expression in human cervical cancer, indicating the low acetylation level of Parkin. Using mass spectrometry, Parkin is identified to interact with two upstream molecules, acetylase acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) and deacetylase HDAC2. Under treatment of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), Parkin is acetylated at lysine residues 129, 220 and 349, located in different domains of Parkin protein. In in vitro experiments, combined mutation of Parkin largely attenuate the interaction of Parkin with PTEN induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and the function of Parkin in mitophagy induction and tumor suppression. In tumor xenografts, the expression of mutant Parkin impairs the tumor suppressive effect of Parkin and decreases the anticancer activity of SAHA. Our results reveal an acetylation-dependent regulatory mechanism governing Parkin in mitophagy and cervical carcinogenesis, which offers a new mitophagy modulation strategy for cancer therapy.
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Key Words
- ACAT1
- ACAT1, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1
- Acetylation
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8
- COXⅣ, cytochrome c oxidase Ⅳ
- Cervical cancer
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HDAC2
- HIF-1α, hypoxia inducible factor-1α
- HSP60, heat shock protein 60 kDa
- LC3, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3
- MFN2, mitofusion 2
- MS, mass spectrometry
- Mitophagy
- PARK2, Parkin
- PINK1, PTEN induced putative kinase 1
- Parkin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SAHA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
- TIM23, translocase of the inner membrane 23
- TOMM20, translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20
- TSA, trichostatin A
- Tumor suppression
- ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1
- Ubiquitination
- VDAC1, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuhan Shu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Guiqin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Caixia Wu
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mengting Xu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Ruilan Gao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Wang Y, Yao L, Teng Y, Yin H, Wu Q. PIWIL1 Drives Chemoresistance in Multiple Myeloma by Modulating Mitophagy and the Myeloma Stem Cell Population. Front Oncol 2022; 11:783583. [PMID: 35083142 PMCID: PMC8784391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.783583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important member of the Argonaute protein family, PIWI-like protein 1 (PIWIL1) plays a key role in tumor cell viability. However, the exact function of PIWIL1 in multiple myeloma (MM) and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Here, we revealed that PIWIL1 was highly expressed in myeloma cell lines and newly diagnosed MM patients, and that its expression was notably higher in refractory/relapsed MM patients. PIWIL1 promoted the proliferation of MM cells and conferred resistance to chemotherapeutic agents both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, PIWIL1 enhanced the formation of autophagosomes, especially mitophagosomes, by disrupting mitochondrial calcium signaling and modulating mitophagy-related canonical PINK1/Parkin pathway protein components. Mitophagy/autophagy inhibitors overcome PIWIL1-induced chemoresistance. In addition, PIWIL1 overexpression increased the proportion of side population (SP) cells and upregulated the expression of the stem cell-associated genes Nanog, OCT4, and SOX2, while its inhibition resulted in opposite effects. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that PIWIL1 induced drug resistance by activating mitophagy and regulating the MM stem cell population. PIWIL1 depletion significantly overcame drug resistance and could be used as a novel therapeutic target for reversing resistance in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Teng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuling Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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75
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Ajoolabady A, Bi Y, McClements DJ, Lip GYH, Richardson DR, Reiter RJ, Klionsky DJ, Ren J. Melatonin-based therapeutics for atherosclerotic lesions and beyond: Focusing on macrophage mitophagy. Pharmacol Res 2022; 176:106072. [PMID: 35007709 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis refers to a unique form of chronic proinflammatory anomaly of the vasculature, presented as rupture-prone or occlusive lesions in arteries. In advanced stages, atherosclerosis leads to the onset and development of multiple cardiovascular diseases with lethal consequences. Inflammatory cytokines in atherosclerotic lesions contribute to the exacerbation of atherosclerosis. Pharmacotherapies targeting dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and neutralizing inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-12/23) have displayed proven promises although contradictory results. Moreover, adjuvants such as melatonin, a pluripotent agent with proven anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties, also display potentials in alleviating cytokine secretion in macrophages through mitophagy activation. Here, we share our perspectives on this concept and present melatonin-based therapeutics as a means to modulate mitophagy in macrophages and, thereby, ameliorate atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaguang Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - David J McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jun Ren
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
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76
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Howley BV, Mohanty B, Dalton A, Grelet S, Karam J, Dincman T, Howe PH. The ubiquitin E3 ligase ARIH1 regulates hnRNP E1 protein stability, EMT and breast cancer progression. Oncogene 2022; 41:1679-1690. [PMID: 35102251 PMCID: PMC8933277 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that is aberrantly activated in cancer and facilitates metastasis to distant organs, requires coordinated transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of gene expression. The tumor-suppressive RNA binding protein, hnRNP-E1, regulates splicing and translation of EMT-associated transcripts and it is thought that it plays a major role in the control of epithelial cell plasticity during cancer progression. We have utilized yeast 2 hybrid screening to identify novel hnRNP-E1 interactors that play a role in regulating hnRNP-E1; this approach led to the identification of the E3 ubiquitin ligase ARIH1. Here, we demonstrate that hnRNP-E1 protein stability is increased upon ARIH1 silencing, whereas, overexpression of ARIH1 leads to a reduction in hnRNP-E1. Reduced ubiquitination of hnRNP-E1 detected in ARIH1 knockdown (KD) cells compared to control suggests a role for ARIH1 in hnRNP-E1 degradation. The identification of hnRNP-E1 as a candidate substrate of ARIH1 led to the characterization of a novel function for this ubiquitin ligase in EMT induction and cancer progression. We demonstrate a delayed induction of EMT and reduced invasion in mammary epithelial cells silenced for ARIH1. Conversely, ARIH1 overexpression promoted EMT induction and invasion. ARIH1 silencing in breast cancer cells significantly attenuated cancer cell stemness in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. Finally, we utilized miniTurboID proximity labeling to identify novel ARIH1 interactors that may contribute to ARIH1's function in EMT induction and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breege V. Howley
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Bidyut Mohanty
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Annamarie Dalton
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Simon Grelet
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA ,grid.267153.40000 0000 9552 1255Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL USA
| | - Joseph Karam
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Toros Dincman
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Philip H. Howe
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA ,grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
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77
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Iorio R, Celenza G, Petricca S. Mitophagy: Molecular Mechanisms, New Concepts on Parkin Activation and the Emerging Role of AMPK/ULK1 Axis. Cells 2021; 11:30. [PMID: 35011593 PMCID: PMC8750607 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional subcellular organelles essential for cellular energy homeostasis and apoptotic cell death. It is, therefore, crucial to maintain mitochondrial fitness. Mitophagy, the selective removal of dysfunctional mitochondria by autophagy, is critical for regulating mitochondrial quality control in many physiological processes, including cell development and differentiation. On the other hand, both impaired and excessive mitophagy are involved in the pathogenesis of different ageing-associated diseases such as neurodegeneration, cancer, myocardial injury, liver disease, sarcopenia and diabetes. The best-characterized mitophagy pathway is the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-dependent pathway. However, other Parkin-independent pathways are also reported to mediate the tethering of mitochondria to the autophagy apparatuses, directly activating mitophagy (mitophagy receptors and other E3 ligases). In addition, the existence of molecular mechanisms other than PINK1-mediated phosphorylation for Parkin activation was proposed. The adenosine5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is emerging as a key player in mitochondrial metabolism and mitophagy. Beyond its involvement in mitochondrial fission and autophagosomal engulfment, its interplay with the PINK1-Parkin pathway is also reported. Here, we review the recent advances in elucidating the canonical molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that regulate mitophagy, focusing on the early role and spatial specificity of the AMPK/ULK1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Iorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (S.P.)
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78
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PINK1 signalling in neurodegenerative disease. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:913-923. [PMID: 34897410 PMCID: PMC8709887 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) impacts cell health and human pathology through diverse pathways. The strict processing of full-length PINK1 on the outer mitochondrial membrane populates a cytoplasmic pool of cleaved PINK1 (cPINK1) that is constitutively degraded. However, despite rapid proteasomal clearance, cPINK1 still appears to exert quality control influence over the neuronal protein homeostasis network, including protein synthesis and degradation machineries. The cytoplasmic concentration and activity of this molecule is therefore a powerful sensor that coordinates aspects of mitochondrial and cellular health. In addition, full-length PINK1 is retained on the mitochondrial membrane following depolarisation, where it is a powerful inducer of multiple mitophagic pathways. This function is executed primarily through the phosphorylation of several ubiquitin ligases, including its most widely studied substrate Parkin. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of both pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins by mitochondrial PINK1 acts as a pro-cellular survival signal when faced with apoptotic stimuli. Through these varied roles PINK1 directly influences functions central to cell dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease.
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79
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Schäfer JA, Bozkurt S, Michaelis JB, Klann K, Münch C. Global mitochondrial protein import proteomics reveal distinct regulation by translation and translocation machinery. Mol Cell 2021; 82:435-446.e7. [PMID: 34847359 PMCID: PMC8791276 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Most mitochondrial proteins are translated in the cytosol and imported into mitochondria. Mutations in the mitochondrial protein import machinery cause human pathologies. However, a lack of suitable tools to measure protein uptake across the mitochondrial proteome has prevented the identification of specific proteins affected by import perturbation. Here, we introduce mePRODmt, a pulsed-SILAC based proteomics approach that includes a booster signal to increase the sensitivity for mitochondrial proteins selectively, enabling global dynamic analysis of endogenous mitochondrial protein uptake in cells. We applied mePRODmt to determine protein uptake kinetics and examined how inhibitors of mitochondrial import machineries affect protein uptake. Monitoring changes in translation and uptake upon mitochondrial membrane depolarization revealed that protein uptake was extensively modulated by the import and translation machineries via activation of the integrated stress response. Strikingly, uptake changes were not uniform, with subsets of proteins being unaffected or decreased due to changes in translation or import capacity. Proteomics approach to quantify protein uptake into mitochondria Determination of protein uptake rates for >700 mitochondrial proteins Characterization of differential protein uptake changes during mitochondrial stress Protein translation and translocation integrate to change protein uptake
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Adriana Schäfer
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 75, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Süleyman Bozkurt
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 75, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonas Benjamin Michaelis
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 75, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kevin Klann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 75, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 75, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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80
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Bradshaw AV, Campbell P, Schapira AHV, Morris HR, Taanman JW. The PINK1-Parkin mitophagy signalling pathway is not functional in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259903. [PMID: 34762687 PMCID: PMC8584748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the PINK1 and PRKN genes are the most common cause of early-onset familial Parkinson disease. These genes code for the PINK1 and Parkin proteins, respectively, which are involved in the degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria through mitophagy. An early step in PINK1 –Parkin mediated mitophagy is the ubiquitination of the mitofusin proteins MFN1 and -2. The ubiquitination of MFN1 and -2 in patient samples may therefore serve as a biomarker to determine the functional effects of PINK1 and PRKN mutations, and to screen idiopathic patients for potential mitophagy defects. We aimed to characterise the expression of the PINK1 –Parkin mitophagy machinery in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and assess if these cells could serve as a platform to evaluate mitophagy via analysis of MFN1 and -2 ubiquitination. Mitophagy was induced through mitochondrial depolarisation by treatment with the protonophore CCCP and ubiquitinated MFN proteins were analysed by western blotting. In addition, PINK1 and PRKN mRNA and protein expression levels were characterised with reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. Whilst CCCP treatment led to MFN ubiquitination in primary fibroblasts, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and Jurkat leukaemic cells, treatment of PBMCs did not induce ubiquitination of MFN. PRKN mRNA and protein was readily detectable in PBMCs at comparable levels to those observed in Jurkat and fibroblast cells. In contrast, PINK1 protein was undetectable and PINK1 mRNA levels were remarkably low in control PBMCs. Our findings suggest that the PINK1 –Parkin mitophagy signalling pathway is not functional in PBMCs. Therefore, PBMCs are not a suitable biosample for analysis of mitophagy function in Parkinson disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron V. Bradshaw
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Campbell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony H. V. Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huw R. Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan-Willem Taanman
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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81
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Tripathi-Giesgen I, Behrends C, Alpi AF. The ubiquitin ligation machinery in the defense against bacterial pathogens. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52864. [PMID: 34515402 PMCID: PMC8567218 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin system is an important part of the host cellular defense program during bacterial infection. This is in particular evident for a number of bacteria including Salmonella Typhimurium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis which—inventively as part of their invasion strategy or accidentally upon rupture of seized host endomembranes—become exposed to the host cytosol. Ubiquitylation is involved in the detection and clearance of these bacteria as well as in the activation of innate immune and inflammatory signaling. Remarkably, all these defense responses seem to emanate from a dense layer of ubiquitin which coats the invading pathogens. In this review, we focus on the diverse group of host cell E3 ubiquitin ligases that help to tailor this ubiquitin coat. In particular, we address how the divergent ubiquitin conjugation mechanisms of these ligases contribute to the complexity of the anti‐bacterial coating and the recruitment of different ubiquitin‐binding effectors. We also discuss the activation and coordination of the different E3 ligases and which strategies bacteria evolved to evade the activities of the host ubiquitin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Tripathi-Giesgen
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, München, Germany
| | - Arno F Alpi
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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82
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Lechado Terradas A, Zittlau KI, Macek B, Fraiberg M, Elazar Z, Kahle PJ. Regulation of mitochondrial cargo-selective autophagy by posttranslational modifications. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101339. [PMID: 34688664 PMCID: PMC8591368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles in eukaryotes. Turnover and quality control of mitochondria are regulated at the transcriptional and posttranslational level by several cellular mechanisms. Removal of defective mitochondrial proteins is mediated by mitochondria resident proteases or by proteasomal degradation of individual proteins. Clearance of bulk mitochondria occurs via a selective form of autophagy termed mitophagy. In yeast and some developing metazoan cells (e.g., oocytes and reticulocytes), mitochondria are largely removed by ubiquitin-independent mechanisms. In such cases, the regulation of mitophagy is mediated via phosphorylation of mitochondria-anchored autophagy receptors. On the other hand, ubiquitin-dependent recruitment of cytosolic autophagy receptors occurs in situations of cellular stress or disease, where dysfunctional mitochondria would cause oxidative damage. In mammalian cells, a well-studied ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy pathway induced by mitochondrial depolarization is regulated by the mitochondrial protein kinase PINK1, which upon activation recruits the ubiquitin ligase parkin. Here, we review mechanisms of mitophagy with an emphasis on posttranslational modifications that regulate various mitophagy pathways. We describe the autophagy components involved with particular emphasis on posttranslational modifications. We detail the phosphorylations mediated by PINK1 and parkin-mediated ubiquitylations of mitochondrial proteins that can be modulated by deubiquitylating enzymes. We also discuss the role of accessory factors regulating mitochondrial fission/fusion and the interplay with pro- and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members. Comprehensive knowledge of the processes of mitophagy is essential for the understanding of vital mitochondrial turnover in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lechado Terradas
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Boris Macek
- Proteome Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Milana Fraiberg
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Philipp J Kahle
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.
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83
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Degenerated mitochondria in leukemic blast appeared as granules on May-Grunwald-Giemsa staining. Ann Hematol 2021; 101:1135-1136. [PMID: 34664090 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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84
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Li Y, Li W, Hoffman AR, Cui J, Hu JF. The Nucleus/Mitochondria-Shuttling LncRNAs Function as New Epigenetic Regulators of Mitophagy in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:699621. [PMID: 34568319 PMCID: PMC8455849 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.699621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a specialized autophagic pathway responsible for the selective removal of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria by targeting them to the autophagosome in order to maintain mitochondria quality. The role of mitophagy in tumorigenesis has been conflicting, with the process both supporting tumor cell survival and promoting cell death. Cancer cells may utilize the mitophagy pathway to augment their metabolic requirements and resistance to cell death, thereby leading to increased cell proliferation and invasiveness. This review highlights major regulatory pathways of mitophagy involved in cancer. In particular, we summarize recent progress regarding how nuclear-encoded long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) function as novel epigenetic players in the mitochondria of cancer cells, affecting the malignant behavior of tumors by regulating mitophagy. Finally, we discuss the potential application of regulating mitophagy as a new target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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85
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The prohibitin-binding compound fluorizoline inhibits mitophagy in cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:64. [PMID: 34580273 PMCID: PMC8476632 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorizoline is a prohibitin-binding compound that triggers apoptosis in several cell lines from murine and human origin, as well as in primary cells from hematologic malignancies by inducing the integrated stress response and ER stress. Recently, it was described that PHB (Prohibitin) 1 and 2 are crucial mitophagy receptors involved in mediating the autophagic degradation of mitochondria. We measured mitophagy in HeLa cells expressing Parkin and in A549, a lung cancer cell line that can undergo mitophagy in a Parkin-independent manner, and we demonstrated that both fluorizoline and rocaglamide A, another PHB-binding molecule, inhibit CCCP- and OA-induced mitophagy. Moreover, we demonstrated that PHBs are mediating Parkin-dependent mitophagy. In conclusion, besides being a potent pro-apoptotic compound, we present fluorizoline as a promising new mitophagy modulator that could be used as anticancer agent.
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86
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Yan BR, Li T, Coyaud E, Laurent EMN, St-Germain J, Zhou Y, Kim PK, Raught B, Brumell JH. C5orf51 is a component of the MON1-CCZ1 complex and controls RAB7A localization and stability during mitophagy. Autophagy 2021; 18:829-840. [PMID: 34432599 PMCID: PMC9037554 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1960116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Depolarized mitochondria can be degraded via mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy. The RAB GTPase RAB7A was recently shown to play a key role in this process. RAB7A regulates late endocytic trafficking under normal growth conditions but is translocated to the mitochondrial surface following depolarization. However, how RAB7A activity is regulated during mitophagy is not understood. Here, using a proximity-dependent biotinylation approach (miniTurbo), we identified C5orf51 as a specific interactor of GDP-locked RAB7A. C5orf51 also interacts with the RAB7A guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex members MON1 and CCZ1. In the absence of C5orf51, localization of RAB7A on depolarized mitochondria is compromised and the protein is degraded by the proteasome. Furthermore, depletion of C5orf51 also inhibited ATG9A recruitment to depolarized mitochondria. Together, these results indicate that C5orf51 is a positive regulator of RAB7A in its shuttling between late endosomes and mitochondria to enable mitophagy. Abbreviations: ATG9A: autophagy related 9A; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; BioID: proximity-dependent biotin identification; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone; CCZ1: CCZ1 homolog, vacuolar protein trafficking and biogenesis associated; DQ-BSA: dye quenched-bovine serum albumin; FYCO1: FYVE and coiled-coil domain autophagy adaptor 1; GAP: GTPase activating protein; GEF: guanine nucleotide exchange factor; KO: knockout; LRPPRC: leucine rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing; MG132: carbobenzoxy-Leu-Leu-leucinal; MON1: MON1 homolog, secretory trafficking associated; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; PRKN/PARKIN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; RMC1: regulator of MON1-CCZ1; TBC1D15: TBC1 domain family member 15; TBC1D17: TBC1 domain family member 17; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; WDR91: WD repeat domain 91; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Ru Yan
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Taoyingnan Li
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Etienne Coyaud
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Estelle M N Laurent
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan St-Germain
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuhuan Zhou
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter K Kim
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John H Brumell
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,SickKids IBD Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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87
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Sharma A, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ali S, Syed MA. Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in lung disorders. Life Sci 2021; 284:119876. [PMID: 34389405 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are biosynthetic, bioenergetic, and signaling organelles which are critical for physiological adaptations and cellular stress responses to the environment. Various endogenous and environmental stress affects critical processes in mitochondrial homeostasis such as oxidative phosphorylation, biogenesis, mitochondrial redox system which leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals. The state of function of the mitochondrion is particularly dependent on the dynamic balance between mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion and fission, and degradation of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy. Increasing evidence has suggested a prominent role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset and progression of various lung pathologies, ranging from acute to chronic disorders. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the emerging findings of multifaceted regulations of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in normal lung homeostasis as well as the prominence of mitochondrial dysfunction as a determining factor in different lung disorders such as lung cancer, COPD, IPF, ALI/ARDS, BPD, and asthma. The review will contribute to the existing understanding of critical molecular machinery regulating mitochondrial dynamic state during these pathological states. Furthermore, we have also highlighted various molecular checkpoints involved in mitochondrial dynamics, which may serve as hopeful therapeutic targets for the development of potential therapies for these lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Sharma
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shaniya Ahmad
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advance Research and Studies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shakir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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88
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Agarwal E, Goldman AR, Tang HY, Kossenkov AV, Ghosh JC, Languino LR, Vaira V, Speicher DW, Altieri DC. A cancer ubiquitome landscape identifies metabolic reprogramming as target of Parkin tumor suppression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/35/eabg7287. [PMID: 34433563 PMCID: PMC8386929 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg7287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in metabolism that affect mitochondrial and glycolytic networks are hallmarks of cancer, but their impact in disease is still elusive. Using global proteomics and ubiquitome screens, we now show that Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase and key effector of mitophagy altered in Parkinson's disease, shuts off mitochondrial dynamics and inhibits the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway. This blocks tumor cell movements, creates metabolic and oxidative stress, and inhibits primary and metastatic tumor growth. Uniformly down-regulated in cancer patients, Parkin tumor suppression requires its E3 ligase function, is reversed by antioxidants, and is independent of mitophagy. These data demonstrate that cancer metabolic networks are potent oncogenes directly targeted by endogenous tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Agarwal
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron R Goldman
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jagadish C Ghosh
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - David W Speicher
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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89
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Cen X, Zhang M, Zhou M, Ye L, Xia H. Mitophagy Regulates Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:1876. [PMID: 34440645 PMCID: PMC8392649 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in supplying energy for the health and survival of neurons. Mitophagy is a metabolic process that removes dysfunctional or redundant mitochondria. This process preserves mitochondrial health. However, defective mitophagy triggers the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, causing major neurodegenerative disorders. This review introduces molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways behind mitophagy regulation. Furthermore, we focus on the recent advances in understanding the potential role of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's, etc.) and aging. The findings will help identify the potential interventions of mitophagy regulation and treatment strategies of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Cen
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.C.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Manke Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.C.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Mengxin Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.C.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lingzhi Ye
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.C.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hongguang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.C.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
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90
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Oh SJ, Lim BK, Yun J, Shin OS. CVB3-Mediated Mitophagy Plays an Important Role in Viral Replication via Abrogation of Interferon Pathways. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:704494. [PMID: 34295842 PMCID: PMC8292102 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.704494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a common enterovirus that causes systemic inflammatory diseases, such as myocarditis, meningitis, and encephalitis. CVB3 has been demonstrated to subvert host cellular responses via autophagy to support viral replication in neural stem cells. Mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy, contributes to mitochondrial quality control via degrading damaged mitochondria. Here, we show that CVB3 infection induces mitophagy in human neural progenitor cells, HeLa and H9C2 cardiomyocytes. In particular, CVB3 infection triggers mitochondrial fragmentation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and Parkin/LC3 translocation to the mitochondria. Rapamycin or carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) treatment led to increased CVB3 RNA copy number in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting enhanced viral replication via autophagy/mitophagy activation, whereas knockdown of PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1(PINK1) led to impaired mitophagy and subsequent reduction in viral replication. Furthermore, CCCP treatment inhibits the interaction between mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and TANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1), thus contributing to the abrogation of type I and III interferon (IFN) production, suggesting that mitophagy is essential for the inhibition of interferon signaling. Our findings suggest that CVB3-mediated mitophagy suppresses IFN pathways by promoting fragmentation and subsequent sequestration of mitochondria by autophagosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Oh
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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91
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Guan Y, Wang Y, Li B, Shen K, Li Q, Ni Y, Huang L. Mitophagy in carcinogenesis, drug resistance and anticancer therapeutics. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:350. [PMID: 34225732 PMCID: PMC8256582 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is an organelle that plays a vital role in energy production, cytoplasmic protein degradation and cell death. Mitophagy is an autophagic procedure that specifically clears damaged mitochondria and maintains its homeostasis. Emerging evidence indicates that mitophagy is involved in many physiological processes, including cellular homeostasis, cellular differentiation and nerve protection. In this review, we describe the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy in mammals and yeasts and highlight the recent advances relevant to its function in carcinogenesis and drug resistance. Finally, a section has been dedicated to describing the role of mitophagy in anticancer therapeutics, which is a new frontier that offers a precise and promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Guan
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Shen
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanfu Li
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyin Ni
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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92
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Devenport SN, Singhal R, Radyk MD, Taranto JG, Kerk SA, Chen B, Goyert JW, Jain C, Das NK, Oravecz-Wilson K, Zhang L, Greenson JK, Chen YE, Soleimanpour SA, Reddy P, Lyssiotis CA, Shah YM. Colorectal cancer cells utilize autophagy to maintain mitochondrial metabolism for cell proliferation under nutrient stress. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e138835. [PMID: 34138755 PMCID: PMC8328084 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram cellular metabolism to maintain adequate nutrient pools to sustain proliferation. Moreover, autophagy is a regulated mechanism to break down dysfunctional cellular components and recycle cellular nutrients. However, the requirement for autophagy and the integration in cancer cell metabolism is not clear in colon cancer. Here, we show a cell-autonomous dependency of autophagy for cell growth in colorectal cancer. Loss of epithelial autophagy inhibits tumor growth in both sporadic and colitis-associated cancer models. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of autophagy inhibits cell growth in colon cancer–derived cell lines and patient-derived enteroid models. Importantly, normal colon epithelium and patient-derived normal enteroid growth were not decreased following autophagy inhibition. To couple the role of autophagy to cellular metabolism, a cell culture screen in conjunction with metabolomic analysis was performed. We identified a critical role of autophagy to maintain mitochondrial metabolites for growth. Loss of mitochondrial recycling through inhibition of mitophagy hinders colon cancer cell growth. These findings have revealed a cell-autonomous role of autophagy that plays a critical role in regulating nutrient pools in vivo and in cell models, and it provides therapeutic targets for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Devenport
- Cellular and Molecular Biology.,Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | | | | | | | | | - Brandon Chen
- Cellular and Molecular Biology.,Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | | | - Chesta Jain
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | - Nupur K Das
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | | | - Li Zhang
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology
| | | | | | | | - Pavan Reddy
- Hematology & Oncology.,Rogel Cancer Center, and
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology.,Rogel Cancer Center, and.,Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor Michigan, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Cellular and Molecular Biology.,Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology.,Rogel Cancer Center, and.,Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor Michigan, USA
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93
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Rossmann MP, Dubois SM, Agarwal S, Zon LI. Mitochondrial function in development and disease. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:269120. [PMID: 34114603 PMCID: PMC8214736 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles with vital functions in almost all eukaryotic cells. Often described as the cellular ‘powerhouses’ due to their essential role in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria perform many other essential functions beyond energy production. As signaling organelles, mitochondria communicate with the nucleus and other organelles to help maintain cellular homeostasis, allow cellular adaptation to diverse stresses, and help steer cell fate decisions during development. Mitochondria have taken center stage in the research of normal and pathological processes, including normal tissue homeostasis and metabolism, neurodegeneration, immunity and infectious diseases. The central role that mitochondria assume within cells is evidenced by the broad impact of mitochondrial diseases, caused by defects in either mitochondrial or nuclear genes encoding for mitochondrial proteins, on different organ systems. In this Review, we will provide the reader with a foundation of the mitochondrial ‘hardware’, the mitochondrion itself, with its specific dynamics, quality control mechanisms and cross-organelle communication, including its roles as a driver of an innate immune response, all with a focus on development, disease and aging. We will further discuss how mitochondrial DNA is inherited, how its mutation affects cell and organismal fitness, and current therapeutic approaches for mitochondrial diseases in both model organisms and humans. Summary: Mitochondria have a plethora of functions beyond metabolism. This Review discusses the emerging and multifaceted roles of mitochondria in different model organisms and human disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies P Rossmann
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 01238, USA.,Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sonia M Dubois
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suneet Agarwal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 01238, USA.,Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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94
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Jena BC, Rout L, Dey A, Mandal M. Active autophagy in cancer-associated fibroblasts: Recent advances in understanding the novel mechanism of tumor progression and therapeutic response. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7887-7902. [PMID: 34008184 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is primarily a homeostatic and catabolic process that is increasingly being recognized to have a pivotal role in the initiation and maintenance of cancer cells, as well as in the emergence of therapeutic resistance. Moreover, in the tumor microenvironment (TME) autophagy plays a crucial and sometimes dichotomous role in tumor progression. Recent studies show that during the early stages of tumor initiation, autophagy suppresses tumorigenesis. However, in the advanced stage of tumorigenesis, autophagy promotes cancer progression by protecting cancer cells against stressful conditions and therapeutic assault. Specifically, in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), autophagy promotes tumorigenesis not only by providing nutrients to the cancerous cells but also by inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, stemness, and metastatic dissemination of the cancer cells, whereas in the immune cells, autophagy induces the tumor-localized immune response. In the TME, CAFs play a crucial role in cancer cell metabolism, immunoreaction, and growth. Therefore, targeting autophagy in CAFs by several pharmacological inducers like rapamycin or the inhibitor such as chloroquine has gained importance in preclinical and clinical trials. In the present review, we summarized the basic mechanism of autophagy in CAFs along with its role in driving tumorigenic progression through several emerging as well as classical hallmarks of cancer. We also addressed various autophagy inducers as well as inhibitors of autophagy for more efficient cancer management. Eventually, we prioritized some of the outstanding issues that must be addressed with utmost priority in the future to elucidate the role of autophagy in CAFs on tumor progression and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Chandra Jena
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Lipsa Rout
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha'O'Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ankita Dey
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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95
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Oshima Y, Cartier E, Boyman L, Verhoeven N, Polster BM, Huang W, Kane M, Lederer WJ, Karbowski M. Parkin-independent mitophagy via Drp1-mediated outer membrane severing and inner membrane ubiquitination. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211984. [PMID: 33851959 PMCID: PMC8050842 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report that acute reduction in mitochondrial translation fidelity (MTF) causes ubiquitination of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) proteins, including TRAP1 and CPOX, which occurs selectively in mitochondria with a severed outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Ubiquitinated IMM recruits the autophagy machinery. Inhibiting autophagy leads to increased accumulation of mitochondria with severed OMM and ubiquitinated IMM. This process occurs downstream of the accumulation of cytochrome c/CPOX in a subset of mitochondria heterogeneously distributed throughout the cell (“mosaic distribution”). Formation of mosaic mitochondria, OMM severing, and IMM ubiquitination require active mitochondrial translation and mitochondrial fission, but not the proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak. In contrast, in Parkin-overexpressing cells, MTF reduction does not lead to the severing of the OMM or IMM ubiquitination, but it does induce Drp1-independent ubiquitination of the OMM. Furthermore, high–cytochrome c/CPOX mitochondria are preferentially targeted by Parkin, indicating that in the context of reduced MTF, they are mitophagy intermediates regardless of Parkin expression. In sum, Parkin-deficient cells adapt to mitochondrial proteotoxicity through a Drp1-mediated mechanism that involves the severing of the OMM and autophagy targeting ubiquitinated IMM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Oshima
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Etienne Cartier
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Liron Boyman
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicolas Verhoeven
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD
| | - Maureen Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD
| | - W Jonathan Lederer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mariusz Karbowski
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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96
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Stressed mitochondria: A target to intrude alzheimer's disease. Mitochondrion 2021; 59:48-57. [PMID: 33839319 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the inoperable, incapacitating, neuropsychiatric, and degenerative manifestation that drastically affects human life quality. The current medications target extra-neuronal senile plaques, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, cholinergic deficits, and excitotoxicity. Among novel pathways and targets, bioenergetic and resultant mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as essential factors that decide the neuronal fate and consequent neurodegeneration in AD. The crucial attributes of mitochondria, including bioenergesis, signaling, sensing, integrating, and transmitting biological signals contribute to optimum networking of neuronal dynamics and make them indispensable for cell survival. In AD, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy are a preliminary and critical event that aggravates the pathological cascade. Stress is known to promote and exaggerate the neuropathological alteration during neurodegeneration and metabolic impairments, especially in the cortico-limbic system, besides adversely affecting the normal physiology and mitochondrial dynamics. Stress involves the allocation of energy resources for neuronal survival. Chronic and aggravated stress response leads to excessive release of glucocorticoids by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis. By acting through their receptors, glucocorticoids influence adverse mitochondrial changes and alter mtDNA transcription, mtRNA expression, hippocampal mitochondrial network, and ultimately mitochondrial physiology. Chronic stress also affects mitochondrial dynamics by changing metabolic and neuro-endocrinal signalling, aggravating oxidative stress, provoking inflammatory mediators, altering tropic factors, influencing gene expression, and modifying epigenetic pathways. Thus, exploring chronic stress-induced glucocorticoid dysregulation and resultant bio-behavioral and psychosomatic mitochondrial alterations may be a feasible narrative to investigate and unravel the mysterious pathobiology of AD.
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97
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Miller DR, Thorburn A. Autophagy and organelle homeostasis in cancer. Dev Cell 2021; 56:906-918. [PMID: 33689692 PMCID: PMC8026727 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Beginning with the earliest studies of autophagy in cancer, there have been indications that autophagy can both promote and inhibit cancer growth and progression; autophagy regulation of organelle homeostasis is similarly complicated. In this review we discuss pro- and antitumor effects of organelle-targeted autophagy and how this contributes to several hallmarks of cancer, such as evading cell death, genomic instability, and altered metabolism. Typically, the removal of damaged or dysfunctional organelles prevents tumor development but can also aid in proliferation or drug resistance in established tumors. By better understanding how organelle-specific autophagy takes place and can be manipulated, it may be possible to go beyond the brute-force approach of trying to manipulate all autophagy in order to improve therapeutic targeting of this process in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannah R Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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98
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Abstract
Cells use mitophagy to remove dysfunctional or excess mitochondria, frequently in response to imposed stresses, such as hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Mitochondrial cargo receptors (MCR) induced by these stresses target mitochondria to autophagosomes through interaction with members of the LC3/GABARAP family. There are a growing number of these MCRs, including BNIP3, BNIP3L, FUNDC1, Bcl2-L-13, FKBP8, Prohibitin-2, and others, in addition to mitochondrial protein targets of PINK1/Parkin phospho-ubiquitination. There is also an emerging link between mitochondrial lipid signaling and mitophagy where ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and cardiolipin have all been shown to promote mitophagy. Here, we review the upstream signaling mechanisms that regulate mitophagy, including components of the mitochondrial fission machinery, AMPK, ATF4, FoxOs, Sirtuins, and mtDNA release, and address the significance of these pathways for stress responses in tumorigenesis and metastasis. In particular, we focus on how mitophagy modulators intersect with cell cycle control and survival pathways in cancer, including following ECM detachment and during cell migration and metastasis. Finally, we interrogate how mitophagy affects tissue atrophy during cancer cachexia and therapy responses in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan P Poole
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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99
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Onishi M, Okamoto K. Mitochondrial clearance: mechanisms and roles in cellular fitness. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1239-1263. [PMID: 33615465 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is one of the selective autophagy pathways that catabolizes dysfunctional or superfluous mitochondria. Under mitophagy-inducing conditions, mitochondria are labeled with specific molecular landmarks that recruit the autophagy machinery to the surface of mitochondria, enclosed into autophagosomes, and delivered to lysosomes (vacuoles in yeast) for degradation. As damaged mitochondria are the major sources of reactive oxygen species, mitophagy is critical for mitochondrial quality control and cellular health. Moreover, appropriate control of mitochondrial quantity via mitophagy is vital for the energy supply-demand balance in cells and whole organisms, cell differentiation, and developmental programs. Thus, it seems conceivable that defects in mitophagy could elicit pleiotropic pathologies such as excess inflammation, tissue injury, neurodegeneration, and aging. In this review, we will focus on the molecular basis and physiological relevance of mitophagy, and potential of mitophagy as a therapeutic target to overcome such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashun Onishi
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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100
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Ng MYW, Wai T, Simonsen A. Quality control of the mitochondrion. Dev Cell 2021; 56:881-905. [PMID: 33662258 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that execute and coordinate various metabolic processes in the cell. Mitochondrial dysfunction severely affects cell fitness and contributes to disease. Proper organellar function depends on the biogenesis and maintenance of mitochondria and its >1,000 proteins. As a result, the cell has evolved mechanisms to coordinate protein and organellar quality control, such as the turnover of proteins via mitochondria-associated degradation, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and mitoproteases, as well as the elimination of mitochondria through mitophagy. Specific quality control mechanisms are engaged depending upon the nature and severity of mitochondrial dysfunction, which can also feed back to elicit transcriptional or proteomic remodeling by the cell. Here, we will discuss the current understanding of how these different quality control mechanisms are integrated and overlap to maintain protein and organellar quality and how they may be relevant for cellular and organismal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Yoke Wui Ng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Timothy Wai
- Institut Pasteur CNRS UMR 3691, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, France.
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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