51
|
Wang Z, Li L, Wang S, Wei J, Qu L, Pan L, Xu K. The role of the gut microbiota and probiotics associated with microbial metabolisms in cancer prevention and therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1025860. [PMID: 36452234 PMCID: PMC9702994 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1025860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of elevated mortality worldwide. Thus, the development of drugs and treatments is needed to enhance the survival rate of the cancer-affected population. Recently, gut microbiota research in the healthy development of the human body has garnered widespread attention. Many reports indicate that changes in the gut microbiota are strongly associated with chronic inflammation-related diseases, including colitis, liver disease, and cancer within the intestine and the extraintestinal tract. Different gut bacteria are vital in the occurrence and development of tumors within the gut and extraintestinal tract. The human gut microbiome has significant implications for human physiology, including metabolism, nutrient absorption, and immune function. Moreover, diet and lifestyle habits are involved in the evolution of the human microbiome throughout the lifetime of the host and are involved in drug metabolism. Probiotics are a functional food with a protective role in cancer development in animal models. Probiotics alter the gut microbiota in the host; thus, beneficial bacterial activity is stimulated, and detrimental activity is inhibited. Clinical applications have revealed that some probiotic strains could reduce the occurrence of postoperative inflammation among cancer patients. An association network was constructed by analyzing the previous literature to explore the role of probiotics from the anti-tumor perspective. Therefore, it provides direction and insights for research on tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanqing Li
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shunshun Wang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Linghang Qu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lianhong Pan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Tateishi AT, Okuma Y. Onco-biome in pharmacotherapy for lung cancer: a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2022; 11:2332-2345. [PMID: 36519027 PMCID: PMC9742621 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-22-299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The gut microbiota (GM) was recently recognized to play an important role in modulating systemic immune responses and is known to influence the effects or adverse events of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) or carcinogenesis by crosstalk with regulators of cancer-related immunity, and this relationship is complex and multifactorial. Diversity in the gut microbiome and the abundance of specific bacterial species have been identified to be associated with better response and prognosis. Therefore, the purpose of the current interest in the gut microbiome is to enable modulation of the immune system in donor cancer patients by the administration of specific bacterial species and enabling their dominance. To understand this "terra incognita" is to uncover the role of the mechanisms underlying unknown organ functions, and this knowledge will lead to enhanced immunotherapy for lung cancer patients. METHODS In this article, we summarized the literature on the relationship between the microbiome and lung cancer and the potential of the microbiome as a therapeutic target. KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS This article is organized into the following sections: introduction, methods, microbiota and cancer development, microbiota and lung cancer treatment, future directions, and conclusion. CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiome is currently becoming the hallmark of cancer research and has an established and critical role in regulating antitumor immunity and the response to ICB in patients with lung cancers.
Collapse
|
53
|
Davar D, Zarour HM. Facts and Hopes for Gut Microbiota Interventions in Cancer Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4370-4384. [PMID: 35748749 PMCID: PMC9561605 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) proteins transformed the management of advanced cancers. Many tumor-intrinsic factors modulate immunological and clinical responses to such therapies, but ample evidence also implicates the gut microbiome in responses. The gut microbiome, comprising the bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses that live in the human digestive tract, is an established determinant of host immunity, but its impact on response to ICI therapy in mice and humans with cancer has only recently been appreciated. Therapeutic interventions to optimize microbiota composition to improve immunotherapy outcomes show promise in mice and humans with cancer. In this review, we discuss the rationale for gut microbiome-based cancer therapies, the results from early-phase clinical trials, and possible future developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diwakar Davar
- Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hassane M. Zarour
- Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Ivleva EA, Grivennikov SI. Microbiota-driven mechanisms at different stages of cancer development. Neoplasia 2022; 32:100829. [PMID: 35933824 PMCID: PMC9364013 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A myriad of microbes living together with the host constitutes the microbiota, and the microbiota exerts very diverse functions in the regulation of host physiology. Microbiota regulates cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and responses to therapy. Here we review known pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic functions of microbiota, and mechanisms of how microbes can shape tumor microenvironment and affect cancer cells as well as activation and functionality of immune and stromal cells within the tumor. While some of these mechanisms are distal, often distinct members of microbiota travel with and establish colonization with the tumors in the distant organs. We further briefly describe recent findings regarding microbiota composition in metastasis and highlight important future directions and considerations for the manipulation of microbiota for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Ivleva
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Sergei I Grivennikov
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Kumar A, Sakhare K, Bhattacharya D, Chattopadhyay R, Parikh P, Narayan KP, Mukherjee A. Communication in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and role of immunomodulatory nutraceuticals in their management. Front Nutr 2022; 9:966152. [PMID: 36211513 PMCID: PMC9532975 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.966152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conveyance of pathogens between organisms causes communicable diseases. On the other hand, a non-communicable disease (NCD) was always thought to have no causative transmissible infective agents. Today, this clear distinction is increasingly getting blurred and NCDs are found to be associated with some transmissible components. The human microbiota carries a congregation of microbes, the majority and the most widely studied being bacteria in the gut. The adult human gut harbors ginormous inhabitant microbes, and the microbiome accommodates 150-fold more genes than the host genome. Microbial communities share a mutually beneficial relationship with the host, especially with respect to host physiology including digestion, immune responses, and metabolism. This review delineates the connection between environmental factors such as infections leading to gut dysbiosis and NCDs and explores the evidence regarding possible causal link between them. We also discuss the evidence regarding the value of appropriate therapeutic immunomodulatory nutritional interventions to reduce the development of such diseases. We behold such immunomodulatory effects have the potential to influence in various NCDs and restore homeostasis. We believe that the beginning of the era of microbiota-oriented personalized treatment modalities is not far away.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhiram Kumar
- Esperer Onco Nutrition Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science – Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kalyani Sakhare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science – Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dwaipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science – Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Purvish Parikh
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Kumar P. Narayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science – Pilani, Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: Kumar P. Narayan,
| | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Recent findings in Akkermansia muciniphila-regulated metabolism and its role in intestinal diseases. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2333-2344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
57
|
Construction of a Humanized PBMC-PDX Model to Study the Efficacy of a Bacterial Marker in Lung Cancer Immunotherapy. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1479246. [PMID: 36072895 PMCID: PMC9441396 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1479246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Commensal microbiome is a key factor of lung cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Elucidating the role of specific strains as bacterial markers in immunotherapy has drawn great attention from the academia. At present, most preclinical studies about the relationship between bacterial markers and immunotherapy rely on the syngeneic mouse models. However, mice differ greatly from humans in immune system and tumor characteristics. In this study, humanized mouse models based on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) immune reconstitution and lung cancer cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) or patient-derived xenograft (PDX) were constructed. The PBMC-PDX model was shown to be superior to the PBMC-CDX model in preserving tumor heterogeneity and construction time-saving. Through optimizing the experimental process, the time it took for humanized models to evaluate the effect of cancer treatment was reduced to 42 days. Next, by utilizing PBMC-PDX mice treated with antibiotics (ATB), the role of Bifidobacterium longum in lung cancer immunotherapy was studied. It was found that although both Bifidobacterium longum and immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab alone showed suppressing tumor growth, the efficacy of pembrolizumab was attenuated when administrated to mice colonized with Bifidobacterium longum. Further exploration revealed that Bifidobacterium longum caused significant changes in the proportion of human CD45+ cells in the PBMC-PDX model. The PBMC-PDX model has the potential to be applied as an efficient platform to support evaluation of bacterial markers in immunotherapy research and facilitate development of precision medicine targeting human commensal bacteria.
Collapse
|
58
|
Madrigal-Matute J, Bañón-Escandell S. Colorectal Cancer and Microbiota Modulation for Clinical Use. A Systematic Review. Nutr Cancer 2022; 75:123-139. [PMID: 35950572 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2108468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top contributors to the global burden of cancer incidence and mortality, with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to its etiology. Environmental factors may be the cause of up to 60% of the risk of developing CRC, with gut microbiota being a crucial modifiable risk factor. The microbial ecosystem plays a vital role in CRC prevention and antitumoral response through modulation of the immune system and production of short-chain fatty acids. Numerous approaches have been followed to modify the gut microbiota in order to reduce the risk of cancer development, improve treatment efficacy, and reduce side effects. This study aims to perform a systematic analysis of the published literature to elucidate whether microbiota modulation through pre-, pro-, and symbiotic treatment and/or nutritional intervention can be beneficial for patients diagnosed with CRC. Our analysis finds that some prebiotics, mainly in the form of oligo- and polysaccharides, probiotics such as lactic strain producers of short-chain fatty acids, and consumption of a Mediterranean plant-based diet may be beneficial for patients diagnosed with CRC. However, there is a need for clinical data which evaluate the modulation of gut microbiota in a safe and effective manner.
Collapse
|
59
|
Liu Y, Baba Y, Ishimoto T, Gu X, Zhang J, Nomoto D, Okadome K, Baba H, Qiu P. Gut microbiome in gastrointestinal cancer: a friend or foe? Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4101-4117. [PMID: 35844804 PMCID: PMC9274484 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.69331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of the gut microbiome on host health is becoming increasingly recognized. To date, there is growing evidence that the complex characteristics of the microbial community play key roles as potential biomarkers and predictors of responses in cancer therapy. Many studies have shown that altered commensal bacteria lead to cancer susceptibility and progression in diverse pathways. In this review, we critically assess the data for gut microbiota related to gastrointestinal cancer, including esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Importantly, the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota involved in cancer occurrence, prevention and treatment are elucidated. The purpose of this review is to provide novel insights for applying this understanding to the development of new therapeutic strategies in gastrointestinal cancer by targeting the microbial community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Next-Generation Surgical Therapy Development, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Xi Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daichi Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okadome
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Peng Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Alam Z, Shang X, Effat K, Kanwal F, He X, Li Y, Xu C, Niu W, War AR, Zhang Y. The potential role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in adjuvant cancer therapy especially colorectal cancer. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14302. [PMID: 35816322 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a global health issue that is rising swiftly with younger people and an increased number of patients. The role of human microbiota in the pathophysiology of tumors has been paid more and more attention. Microecologics including prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics are among the best validated/proven resources for the application of microbiological prophylaxis and therapy. There is strong evidence that microecologics have anti-cancer activity and their potential association with cancer is significant. In this review, we will focus on the role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in tumor suppression in maintaining the colon barrier, metabolism, immune regulation, inhibition of host tumor cell proliferation, and epidemiological-based recommendations. Besides, other signs illuminate the role of microecological agents to adjunct the cancer treatment and counter the toxic side effects of cancer drugs. In addition, we will explore their role in chemotherapy, where these probiotics can be used as an adjunct to chemotherapy, counteracting the toxic side effects of chemotherapy drugs to minimize or optimize the therapeutic effect. In the treatment of cancer, we can see the role of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and their application in cancer patients, and the effectiveness effect can be considered as a clinical benefit. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: A large number of studies have shown that microecologics including prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics play an important role in regulating intestinal microecology and contribute to the prevention and treatment of cancer, indicating that prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have the potential to be used as microecological modulators in the adjuvant therapy of cancer. However, it is not clear what is the anti-tumor mechanism of these microecologics and how they antagonize the side effects of cancer chemotherapy and protect normal cells. This paper reviews the role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in tumor suppression in maintaining the colon barrier, metabolism, immune regulation, and prevention of rapid growth of host cells, as well as their potential role in cancer chemotherapy. This review helps to better understand the relationship between prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics with immune regulation, intestinal microecology, metabolic regulation, and cell proliferation and provides strong evidence for their potential application as microecologics in cancer adjuvant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Alam
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoya Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Khansa Effat
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Freeha Kanwal
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqin He
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanye Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunlan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weining Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Abdul Rouf War
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Makaranka S, Scutt F, Frixou M, Wensley KE, Sharma R, Greenhowe J. The gut microbiome and melanoma: A review. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1292-1301. [PMID: 35793428 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in the microbial ecosystem have been implemented in chronic inflammation, immune evasion and carcinogenesis, with certain microbes associated with the development of specific cancers. In recent times, the gut microbiome has been recognised as a potential novel player in the pathogenesis and treatment of malignant melanoma. It has been shown that the composition of gut microbiota in early-stage melanoma changes from in situ to invasive and then to metastatic disease. The gut bacterial and fungal profile has also been found to be significantly different in melanoma patients compared to controls. Multiple studies of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies have shown that the commensal microbiota may have an impact on anti-tumor immunity and therefore ICI response in cancer patients. When it comes to chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments, studies demonstrate that gut microbiota are invaluable in the repair of radiation and chemotherapy-induced damage and therapeutic manipulation of gut microbiota can be an effective strategy to deal with side effects. Studies demonstrate the oncogenic and tumor-suppressive properties of the gut microbiome, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of melanoma. Despite this, investigations into specific interactions are still in its infancy, but starting to gain momentum as more significant and clinically relevant effects are emerging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Freya Scutt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mikaela Frixou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Ravi Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Liu J, Zhang Y. Intratumor microbiome in cancer progression: current developments, challenges and future trends. Biomark Res 2022; 10:37. [PMID: 35642013 PMCID: PMC9153132 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complicated disease attributed to multifactorial changes, which causes difficulties with treatment strategies. Various factors have been regarded as the main contributors, and infectious etiological factors have recently attracted interest. Several microbiomes contribute to carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and modulating cancer treatment by inducing cancerous epithelial cells and chronic inflammation. Most of our knowledge on the role of microbiota in tumor oncogenesis and clinical efficiency is associated with the intestinal microbiome. However, compelling evidence has also confirmed the contribution of the intratumor microbiome in cancer. Indeed, the findings of clinical tumor samples, animal models, and studies in vitro have revealed that many intratumor microbiomes promote tumorigenesis and immune evasion. In addition, the intratumor microbiome participates in regulating the immune response and even affects the outcomes of cancer treatment. This review summarizes the interplay between the intratumor microbiota and cancer, focusing on the contribution and mechanism of intratumor microbiota in cancer initiation, progression, and potential applications to cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Liu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Bibbò S, Ianiro G, Giambò F, Settanni CR, Cammarota G, Gasbarrini A. Role of gut microbiome on immunotherapy efficacy in melanoma. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:1926759. [PMID: 34190675 PMCID: PMC9122303 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1926759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is considered a key component in many aspects of cancer pathophysiology and response to therapy. In particular, in recent years intriguing evidences has been emerging regarding the role of the intestinal microbiota in the response to immunotherapy and in promoting the development of adverse events, such as colitis. For this reason, studies are being carried out both on pre-clinical models and on humans to study how to predict the response to immunotherapy through the study of the microbiota or how to improve its clinical response through modulation. Promising data have recently been reported through modulation by probiotics or prebiotics, and in particular by fecal microbiota transplantation. The aim of this review is to analyze the evidence regarding the role of the microbiota in immunotherapy with a particular focus on melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bibbò
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Giambò
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Romano Settanni
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Exercise and Prebiotic Fiber Provide Gut Microbiota-Driven Benefit in a Survivor to Germ-Free Mouse Translational Model of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112722. [PMID: 35681702 PMCID: PMC9179252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. In recent years, the community of microbes that inhabit the intestinal tract, called the gut microbiota, has been shown to influence patient response to several cancer therapies. On the other hand, treatments such as chemotherapy can disrupt the resident gut microbiota and potentially contribute to poor health outcomes. Strategies to improve the composition of the gut microbiota include dietary and exercise interventions. While diet and exercise are already established as important for breast cancer prevention, during treatment, and for reducing recurrence, little is known about the impact of these factors on the gut microbiota in the context of breast cancer. Therefore, our aim was to examine the impact of exercise and diet on the gut microbiota in breast cancer. Our findings indicate that exercise and prebiotic fiber supplementation may provide benefits to individuals with breast cancer through advantageous gut microbial changes. Our findings of a potential adjuvant of exercise and prebiotics should inspire further mechanistic and clinical investigations. Abstract The gut microbiota plays a role in shaping overall host health and response to several cancer treatments. Factors, such as diet, exercise, and chemotherapy, can alter the gut microbiota. In the present study, the Alberta Cancer Exercise (ACE) program was investigated as a strategy to favorably modify the gut microbiota of breast cancer survivors who had received chemotherapy. Subsequently, the ability of post-exercise gut microbiota, alone or with prebiotic fiber supplementation, to influence breast cancer outcomes was interrogated using fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in germ-free mice. While cancer survivors experienced little gut microbial change following ACE, in the mice, tumor volume trended consistently lower over time in mice colonized with post-exercise compared to pre-exercise microbiota with significant differences on days 16 and 22. Beta diversity analysis revealed that EO771 breast tumor cell injection and Paclitaxel chemotherapy altered the gut microbial communities in mice. Enrichment of potentially protective microbes was found in post-exercise microbiota groups. Tumors of mice colonized with post-exercise microbiota exhibited more favorable cytokine profiles, including decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Beneficial microbial and molecular outcomes were augmented with prebiotic supplementation. Exercise and prebiotic fiber demonstrated adjuvant action, potentially via an enhanced anti-tumor immune response modulated by advantageous gut microbial shifts.
Collapse
|
65
|
Interaction of Gut Microbiota with Endocrine Homeostasis and Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112656. [PMID: 35681636 PMCID: PMC9179244 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in healthy individuals as well as in patients with thyroid diseases, including thyroid cancer. Although the prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer is predictable, that of some poorly differentiated, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancers remains unpromising. As the interaction between the gut microbiota and thyroid cancer has been gradually revealed in recent years, the thyroid gland, a crucial endocrine organ, is shown to have a complex connection with the body's metabolism and is involved in inflammation, autoimmunity, or cancer progression. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its metabolites can influence changes in hormone levels and susceptibility to thyroid cancer through multiple pathways. In this review, we focus on the interactions of the gut microbiota with thyroid function diseases and thyroid cancer. In addition, we also discuss some potential new strategies for the prevention and treatment of thyroid disease and thyroid cancer. Our aim is to provide some possible clinical applications of gut microbiota markers for early diagnosis, treatment, and postoperative management of thyroid cancer. These findings were used to establish a better multi-disciplinary treatment and prevention management strategy and to individualize the treatment of patients in relation to their gut microbiota composition and pathological characteristics.
Collapse
|
66
|
Human microbiota: a crucial gatekeeper in lung cancer initiation, progression, and treatment. MEDICINE IN MICROECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2022.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
67
|
Kumar P, Brazel D, DeRogatis J, Valerin JBG, Whiteson K, Chow WA, Tinoco R, Moyers JT. The cure from within? a review of the microbiome and diet in melanoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:261-280. [PMID: 35474500 PMCID: PMC9042647 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Therapy for cutaneous melanoma, the deadliest of the skin cancers, is inextricably linked to the immune system. Once thought impossible, cures for metastatic melanoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors have been developed within the last decade and now occur regularly in the clinic. Unfortunately, half of tumors do not respond to checkpoint inhibitors and efforts to further exploit the immune system are needed. Tantalizing associations with immune health and gut microbiome composition suggest we can improve the success rate of immunotherapy. The gut contains over half of the immune cells in our bodies and increasingly, evidence is linking the immune system within our gut to melanoma development and treatment. In this review, we discuss the importance the skin and gut microbiome may play in the development of melanoma. We examine the differences in the microbial populations which inhabit the gut of those who develop melanoma and subsequently respond to immunotherapeutics. We discuss the role of dietary intake on the development and treatment of melanoma. And finally, we review the landscape of published and registered clinical trials therapeutically targeting the microbiome in melanoma through dietary supplements, fecal microbiota transplant, and microbial supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Brazel
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Julia DeRogatis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Goldstein Valerin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Building 200, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Katrine Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Warren A Chow
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Building 200, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Roberto Tinoco
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Justin T Moyers
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Building 200, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
The effect of inulin-type fructans on the intestinal immune function of antibiotic-treated mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3265-3278. [PMID: 35376973 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with inulin-type fructans (ITFs) on the intestinal immune function in the context of dysbiosis resulting from antibiotic cocktail (ABx) treatment. BALB/c mice (8-9 weeks of age) were treated with an ABx for 3 weeks and then allowed to recover spontaneously or with ITF supplementation (5%) for 4 weeks. Our results showed that ABx treatment can induce gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation in mice. After 4 weeks of recovery, ITF supplementation restored the composition of the intestinal microbial community. However, compared with spontaneous recovery, ITF supplementation delayed inflammation recovery in the intestine and upregulated diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content in serum. In addition, ITF supplementation delayed the regulatory T (Treg) cell and B cell recovery in the lamina propria (LP). Furthermore, compared with spontaneous recovery, ITF supplementation inhibited the relative expression of certain proinflammatory genes, such as for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumour necrosis factor α (Tnf-α), in the colon, but it reduced the secretion of the anti-inflammatory mediator transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in serum, reduced the secretion of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in the colon and promoted the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17A. In conclusion, these data supported the hypothesis that the influence of ITFs on the host's intestinal status is not always beneficial in the context of ABx-induced biological disorder. However, the significance of these findings needs to be determined by advanced studies KEY POINTS: • ITFs did not promote the recovery of microbial community composition. • ITFs delayed the recovery of ABx-induced colonic inflammation. • ITFs reduced the secretion of TGF-β1 and SIgA. • ITFs delayed the recovery of Treg and B cells in the LP.
Collapse
|
69
|
Møller SH, Wang L, Ho PC. Metabolic programming in dendritic cells tailors immune responses and homeostasis. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:370-383. [PMID: 34413487 PMCID: PMC8891341 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is being increasingly acknowledged that immune cells depend on certain metabolic traits to perform their functions and that the extracellular environment can influence cell metabolism and vice versa. Dendritic cell (DC) subsets traffic through highly diverse environments from the bone marrow, where they develop, to the various peripheral tissues, where they differentiate and capture antigens, before they migrate to the lymph node to present antigens and prime T cells. It is plausible that DC subsets modulate their stimulatory abilities in response to unique metabolic programming. The metabolic requirements of DCs are just recently being discovered, and subset- and context-specific metabolic phenotypes in DCs are highly intertwined with DC functions. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of DC metabolism, how they regulate DC function with examples from tumor biology and in interaction with the microbiota, and discuss how this can be applied therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Hedlund Møller
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Limei Wang
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Sholl J, Sepich-Poore GD, Knight R, Pradeu T. Redrawing therapeutic boundaries: microbiota and cancer. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:87-97. [PMID: 34844910 PMCID: PMC8770609 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The unexpected roles of the microbiota in cancer challenge explanations of carcinogenesis that focus on tumor-intrinsic properties. Most tumors contain bacteria and viruses, and the host's proximal and distal microbiota influence both cancer incidence and therapeutic responsiveness. Continuing the history of cancer-microbe research, these findings raise a key question: to what extent is the microbiota relevant for clinical oncology? We approach this by critically evaluating three issues: how the microbiota provides a predictive biomarker of cancer growth and therapeutic responsiveness, the microbiota's causal role(s) in cancer development, and how therapeutic manipulations of the microbiota improve patient outcomes in cancer. Clarifying the conceptual and empirical aspects of the cancer-associated microbiota can orient future research and guide its implementation in clinical oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sholl
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | | | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Pradeu
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
D'Amico F, Barone M, Tavella T, Rampelli S, Brigidi P, Turroni S. Host microbiomes in tumor precision medicine: how far are we? Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:3202-3230. [PMID: 34986765 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220105121754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has received a crescendo of attention in recent years, due to the countless influences on human pathophysiology, including cancer. Research on cancer and anticancer therapy is constantly looking for new hints to improve the response to therapy while reducing the risk of relapse. In this scenario, the gut microbiome and the plethora of microbial-derived metabolites are considered a new opening in the development of innovative anticancer treatments for a better prognosis. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of the gut microbiome in the onset and progression of cancer, as well as in response to chemo-immunotherapy. Recent findings regarding the tumor microbiome and its implications for clinical practice are also commented on. Current microbiome-based intervention strategies (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, live biotherapeutics and fecal microbiota transplantation) are then discussed, along with key shortcomings, including a lack of long-term safety information in patients who are already severely compromised by standard treatments. The implementation of bioinformatic tools applied to microbiomics and other omics data, such as machine learning, has an enormous potential to push research in the field, enabling the prediction of health risk and therapeutic outcomes, for a truly personalized precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica D'Amico
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Monica Barone
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Teresa Tavella
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiome Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Traditional therapies and their moderation. Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91904-3.00015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
73
|
Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in Melanoma and in the Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121942. [PMID: 34943045 PMCID: PMC8750393 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer with the poorest prognosis, representing the deadliest form of skin cancer. Activating mutations in BRAF are the most frequent genetic alterations, present in approximately 50% of all melanoma cases. The use of specific inhibitors towards mutant BRAF variants and MEK, a downstream signaling target of BRAF in the MAPK pathway, has significantly improved progression-free and overall survival in advanced melanoma patients carrying BRAF mutations. Nevertheless, despite these improvements, resistance still develops within the first year of therapy in around 50% of patients, which is a significant problem in managing BRAF-mutated advanced melanoma. Understanding these mechanisms is one of the mainstreams of the research on BRAFi/MEKi acquired resistance. Both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms have been described. Moreover, in recent years, oxidative stress has emerged as another major force involved in all the phases of melanoma development, from initiation to progression until the onsets of the metastatic phenotype and chemoresistance, and has thus become a target for therapy. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge on oxidative stress and its signaling in melanoma, as well as the oxidative stress-related mechanisms in the acquired resistance to targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
74
|
Smith PL, Piadel K, Dalgleish AG. Directing T-Cell Immune Responses for Cancer Vaccination and Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1392. [PMID: 34960140 PMCID: PMC8708201 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccination and immunotherapy revolutionised the treatment of cancer, a result of decades of research into the immune system in health and disease. However, despite recent breakthroughs in treating otherwise terminal cancer, only a minority of patients respond to cancer immunotherapy and some cancers are largely refractive to immunotherapy treatment. This is due to numerous issues intrinsic to the tumour, its microenvironment, or the immune system. CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T-cells emerged as the primary effector cells of the anti-tumour immune response but their function in cancer patients is often compromised. This review details the mechanisms by which T-cell responses are hindered in the setting of cancer and refractive to immunotherapy, and details many of the approaches under investigation to direct T-cell function and improve the efficacy of cancer vaccination and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lawrence Smith
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. Georges University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK; (K.P.); (A.G.D.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Zeng X, Jia H, Zhang X, Wang X, Wang Z, Gao Z, Yuan Y, Yue T. Supplementation of kefir ameliorates azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium induced colorectal cancer by modulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 12:11641-11655. [PMID: 34724014 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01729b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of kefir on colorectal cancer (CRC) via regulating the microbiota structure in the colon using the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) induced CRC mouse model. Mice in the treatment group were orally administered with milk or kefir. The gut microbiota composition was assessed by internally transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, the biomarkers associated with the gut barrier, inflammation, and cell proliferation regulators were evaluated. The results indicated that the size and the amount of tumor were decreased and the immunity regulators (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17a) and oncocyte proliferation indicator (Ki67, NF-κB, and β-catenin) were all decreased. Increased short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) lowered the pH in the colon and helped enhance the intestinal barrier. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Ascomycota/Basidiomycota ratio were decreased at the phylum level; the relative abundance of probiotics was increased and the pathogenic bacterium (Clostridium sensu stricto, Aspergillus and Talaromyces) were decreased after supplementation of kefir. Consequently, kefir could regulate the gut microbiota composition and ameliorate AOM/DSS induced colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hang Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhouli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhenpeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Zhou H, Yuan Y, Wang H, Xiang W, Li S, Zheng H, Wen Y, Ming Y, Chen L, Zhou J. Gut Microbiota: A Potential Target for Cancer Interventions. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:8281-8296. [PMID: 34764691 PMCID: PMC8572730 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s328249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in many physiological processes in the human body. Dysbiosis can disrupt the intestinal barrier and alter metabolism and immune responses, leading to the development of diseases. Over the past few decades, evidence has accumulated linking changes in the composition of the gut microbiota to dozens of seemingly unrelated conditions, including cancer. Overall, the gut microbiota mainly affects the occurrence and development of cancer by damaging host DNA, forming and maintaining a pro-inflammatory environment, and affecting host immune responses. In addition, the gut microbiota can also affect the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Scientists attempt to improve the efficacy and decrease the toxicity of these treatment modalities by fine-tuning the gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to assist researchers and clinicians in developing new strategies for the detection and treatment of tumors by providing the latest information on the intestinal microbiome and cancer, as well as exploring potential application prospects and mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Operation and Anaesthesia, Yibin First People's Hospital, Yibin, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haorun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haowen Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Ming
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Neurological Diseases and Brain Function Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Neurological Diseases and Brain Function Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Han K, Nam J, Xu J, Sun X, Huang X, Animasahun O, Achreja A, Jeon JH, Pursley B, Kamada N, Chen GY, Nagrath D, Moon JJ. Generation of systemic antitumour immunity via the in situ modulation of the gut microbiome by an orally administered inulin gel. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:1377-1388. [PMID: 34168321 PMCID: PMC8595497 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The performance of immune-checkpoint inhibitors, which benefit only a subset of patients and can cause serious immune-related adverse events, underscores the need for strategies that induce T-cell immunity with minimal toxicity. The gut microbiota has been implicated in the outcomes of patients following cancer immunotherapy, yet manipulating the gut microbiome to achieve systemic antitumour immunity is challenging. Here we show in multiple murine tumour models that inulin-a widely consumed dietary fibre-formulated as a 'colon-retentive' orally administered gel can effectively modulate the gut microbiome in situ, induce systemic memory-T-cell responses and amplify the antitumour activity of the checkpoint inhibitor anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (α-PD-1). Orally delivered inulin-gel treatments increased the relative abundances of key commensal microorganisms and their short-chain-fatty-acid metabolites, and led to enhanced recall responses for interferon-γ+CD8+ T cells as well as to the establishment of stem-like T-cell factor-1+PD-1+CD8+ T cells within the tumour microenvironment. Gels for the in situ modulation of the gut microbiome may be applicable more broadly to treat pathologies associated with a dysregulated gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jutaek Nam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xuehui Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Olamide Animasahun
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jin Heon Jeon
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin Pursley
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Grace Y Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Lam KC, Araya RE, Huang A, Chen Q, Di Modica M, Rodrigues RR, Lopès A, Johnson SB, Schwarz B, Bohrnsen E, Cogdill AP, Bosio CM, Wargo JA, Lee MP, Goldszmid RS. Microbiota triggers STING-type I IFN-dependent monocyte reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment. Cell 2021; 184:5338-5356.e21. [PMID: 34624222 PMCID: PMC8650838 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) influences cancer progression and therapy response. Therefore, understanding what regulates the TME immune compartment is vital. Here we show that microbiota signals program mononuclear phagocytes in the TME toward immunostimulatory monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that absence of microbiota skews the TME toward pro-tumorigenic macrophages. Mechanistically, we show that microbiota-derived stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists induce type I interferon (IFN-I) production by intratumoral monocytes to regulate macrophage polarization and natural killer (NK) cell-DC crosstalk. Microbiota modulation with a high-fiber diet triggered the intratumoral IFN-I-NK cell-DC axis and improved the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). We validated our findings in individuals with melanoma treated with ICB and showed that the predicted intratumoral IFN-I and immune compositional differences between responder and non-responder individuals can be transferred by fecal microbiota transplantation. Our study uncovers a mechanistic link between the microbiota and the innate TME that can be harnessed to improve cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khiem C Lam
- Inflammatory Cell Dynamics Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Romina E Araya
- Inflammatory Cell Dynamics Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - April Huang
- Inflammatory Cell Dynamics Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Leidos Biomedical Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Quanyi Chen
- Inflammatory Cell Dynamics Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Kelly Government Solutions, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martina Di Modica
- Inflammatory Cell Dynamics Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Richard R Rodrigues
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Microbiome and Genetics Core, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amélie Lopès
- Inflammatory Cell Dynamics Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah B Johnson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Eric Bohrnsen
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Alexandria P Cogdill
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Catharine M Bosio
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maxwell P Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Romina S Goldszmid
- Inflammatory Cell Dynamics Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Kim J, Choi H. The mucin protein MUCL1 regulates melanogenesis and melanoma genes in a manner dependent on threonine content. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:532-543. [PMID: 34545566 PMCID: PMC9299140 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The regulation of melanogenesis has been investigated as a long‐held aim for pharmaceutical manipulations with denotations for malignancy of melanoma. Mucins have a protective function in epithelial organs; however, in the most outer organ, the skin, the role of mucins has not been studied enough. Objectives Our initial hypothesis developed from the identification of correlations between pigmentation and expressions of skin mucins, particularly those existing in skin tissue. We aimed to investigate the action of mucins in human melanocytic cells. Materials and methods The expression of mucin proteins in human skin was investigated using microarray data from the Human Protein Atlas consortium (HPA) and the Genotype‐Tissue Expression consortium (GTEx) database. Mucin expression was measured at RNA and protein levels in melanoma cells. The findings were further validated and confirmed by analysis of independent experiments. Results We found that the several mucin proteins showed expression in human skin cells and among these, mucin‐like protein 1 (MUCL1) showed the highest expression and also clear negative correlation with melanogenesis in epidermal melanocytes. We confirmed the correlations between melanogenesis and MUCL1 by revealing negative correlations in melanocytes with different melanin production, resulting from increased composition of threonine, mucin‐conforming amino acid, and increased autophagy‐related forkhead‐box O signalling. Furthermore, threonine itself affects melanogenesis and metastatic activity in melanoma cells. Conclusions We identified a significant association between MUCL1 and threonine with melanogenesis and metastasis‐related genes in melanoma cells. Our results define a novel mechanism of mucin regulation, suggesting diagnostic and preventive roles of MUCL1 in cutaneous melanoma. Whatis already known about this topic? Despite considerable advances in radioactive therapeutics or chemotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of abnormal melanogenesis, there are still many caveats to delivery, effectiveness and safety, thus leaving a necessity for more immediate pharmaceutical targets. Mucins have protective and chemical barrier functions in epithelial organs; however, in the skin, mucin has scarce expression and is known only as a diagnostic aid in skin disorders such as mucinosis.
Whatdoes this study add? We provide detailed analysis demonstrating the potential of mucin‐like protein 1 (MUCL1), which showed negative correlations in melanocytes with different melanin production, resulting from increased composition of threonine and increased autophagy‐related forkhead‐box O signalling in epidermal melanocytes and melanoma cells. We established that through an alternative pathway for MUCL1 biosynthesis, threonine supplementation recovers MUCL1 levels in melanoma. Changes, brought on by the essential amino acid threonine, resulted in substantial modulations in melanogenesis and reduced metastasis‐related genes.
Whatis the translational message? This study demonstrates for the first time that the mucin protein of skin cells is compounded by distorted mucin homeostasis, with major effects on melanogenesis and metastasis‐related genes in melanoma. We anticipate that these novel findings will be of keen interest to the community of scientists and medical practitioners examining skin dysfunction.
Linked Comment: C. Casalou and D.J. Tobin. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:388–389. Plain language summary available online
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Amorepacific R&D Center, 1920 Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Korea
| | - H Choi
- Amorepacific R&D Center, 1920 Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
The Role of Gut Microbiota in Tumor Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5061570. [PMID: 34485534 PMCID: PMC8413023 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5061570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy is the fourth therapy after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. It has made great breakthroughs in the treatment of some epithelial tumors and hematological tumors. However, its adverse reactions are common or even more serious, and the response rate in some solid tumors is not satisfactory. With the maturity of genomics and metabolomics technologies, the effect of intestinal microbiota in tumor development and treatment has gradually been recognized. The microbiota may affect tumor immunity by regulating the host immune system and tumor microenvironment. Some bacteria help fight tumors by activating immunity, while some bacteria mediate immunosuppression to help cancer cells escape from the immune system. More and more studies have revealed that the effects and complications of tumor immunotherapy are related to the composition of the gut microbiota. The composition of the intestinal microbiota that is sensitive to treatment or prone to adverse reactions has certain characteristics. These characteristics may be used as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of immunotherapy and may also be developed as “immune potentiators” to assist immunotherapy. Some clinical and preclinical studies have proved that microbial intervention, including microbial transplantation, can improve the sensitivity of immunotherapy or reduce adverse reactions to a certain extent. With the development of gene editing technology and nanotechnology, the design and development of engineered bacteria that contribute to immunotherapy has become a new research hotspot. Based on the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and immunotherapy, the correct mining of microbial information and the development of reasonable and feasible microbial intervention methods are expected to optimize tumor immunotherapy to a large extent and bring new breakthroughs in tumor treatment.
Collapse
|
81
|
Derosa L, Routy B, Desilets A, Daillère R, Terrisse S, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. Microbiota-Centered Interventions: The Next Breakthrough in Immuno-Oncology? Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2396-2412. [PMID: 34400407 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cancer-immune dialogue subject to immuno-oncological intervention is profoundly influenced by microenvironmental factors. Indeed, the mucosal microbiota-and more specifically, the intestinal ecosystem-influences the tone of anticancer immune responses and the clinical benefit of immunotherapy. Antibiotics blunt the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and fecal microbial transplantation may restore responsiveness of ICI-resistant melanoma. Here, we review the yin and yang of intestinal bacteria at the crossroads between the intestinal barrier, metabolism, and local or systemic immune responses during anticancer therapies. We discuss diagnostic tools to identify gut dysbiosis and the future prospects of microbiota-based therapeutic interventions. SIGNIFICANCE: Given the recent proof of concept of the potential efficacy of fecal microbial transplantation in patients with melanoma primarily resistant to PD-1 blockade, it is timely to discuss how and why antibiotics compromise the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, describe the balance between beneficial and harmful microbial species in play during therapies, and introduce the potential for microbiota-centered interventions for the future of immuno-oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Derosa
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. .,Université Paris-Saclay, Ile-de-France, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Bertrand Routy
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antoine Desilets
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Safae Terrisse
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Ile-de-France, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Ile-de-France, France.,EverImmune, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. .,Université Paris-Saclay, Ile-de-France, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,EverImmune, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (BIOTHERIS) 1428, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Laue C, Stevens Y, van Erp M, Papazova E, Soeth E, Pannenbeckers A, Stolte E, Böhm R, Gall SL, Falourd X, Ballance S, Knutsen SH, Pinheiro I, Possemiers S, Ryan PM, Ross RP, Stanton C, Wells JM, van der Werf S, Mes JJ, Schrezenmeir J. Adjuvant Effect of Orally Applied Preparations Containing Non-Digestible Polysaccharides on Influenza Vaccination in Healthy Seniors: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled Pilot Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:2683. [PMID: 34444843 PMCID: PMC8400163 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Senior individuals can suffer from immunosenescence and novel strategies to bolster the immune response could contribute to healthy ageing. In this double-blind, randomised, controlled pilot trial, we investigated the ability of non-digestible polysaccharide (NPS) preparations to enhance the immune response in a human vaccination model. In total, 239 subjects (aged 50-79 years) were randomised to consume one of five different NPS (yeast β-glucan (YBG), shiitake β-glucan (SBG), oat β-glucan (OBG), arabinoxylan (AX), bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS)) or control (CTRL) product daily for five weeks. After two weeks of intervention, subjects were vaccinated with seasonal influenza vaccine. The post-vaccination increases in haemagglutination inhibition antibody titres and seroprotection rate against the influenza strains were non-significantly enhanced in the NPS intervention groups compared to CTRL. Specifically, a trend towards a higher mean log2 fold increase was observed in the AX group (uncorrected p = 0.074) combined with a trend for an increased seroprotection rate, AX group (48.7%) compared to CTRL (25.6%) (uncorrected p = 0.057), for the influenza A H1N1 strain. Subjects consuming AX also had a reduced incidence of common colds compared to CTRL (1 vs. 8; p = 0.029 in Fisher exact test). No adverse effects of NPS consumption were reported. The findings of this pilot study warrant further research to study AX as an oral adjuvant to support vaccine efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Laue
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Yala Stevens
- BioActor, Brightlands Health Campus, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.S.); (M.v.E.)
| | - Monique van Erp
- BioActor, Brightlands Health Campus, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.S.); (M.v.E.)
| | - Ekaterina Papazova
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Edlyn Soeth
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Angelika Pannenbeckers
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Ellen Stolte
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Ruwen Böhm
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Sophie Le Gall
- UR1268 BIA, INRA, 44316 Nantes, France; (S.L.G.); (X.F.)
| | - Xavier Falourd
- UR1268 BIA, INRA, 44316 Nantes, France; (S.L.G.); (X.F.)
| | - Simon Ballance
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food Fisheries & Aquaculture Research , 1433 Ås, Norway; (S.B.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Svein H. Knutsen
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food Fisheries & Aquaculture Research , 1433 Ås, Norway; (S.B.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Iris Pinheiro
- Prodigest, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (I.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Sam Possemiers
- Prodigest, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (I.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Paul M. Ryan
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (P.M.R.); (C.S.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (P.M.R.); (C.S.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (J.M.W.)
| | | | - Jurriaan J. Mes
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Juergen Schrezenmeir
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Bartsch B, Then CK, Harriss E, Kartsonaki C, Kiltie AE. The role of dietary supplements, including biotics, glutamine, polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, in reducing gastrointestinal side effects in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2021; 29:11-19. [PMID: 34027139 PMCID: PMC8134489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pelvic radiotherapy (RT) often results in gastrointestinal toxicity and clinical trials have demonstrated a potential benefit of dietary supplements in alleviating acute effects. However, no prophylactic agents have been approved to date for relief of gastrointestinal side-effects caused by pelvic radiation. In this systematic review, we evaluated the efficacy of dietary supplements in preventing or alleviating symptoms of gastrointestinal toxicity in patients undergoing pelvic RT. MATERIALS AND METHODS CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched up to June 2020 for randomised controlled trials. Interventions included four supplement categories: biotics, glutamine, poly-unsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols. Efficacy was determined with reference to outcomes based on symptoms of acute gastrointestinal toxicity, including diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, flatulence/bloating, bowel movement frequency, tenesmus and rectal bleeding. RESULTS Twenty-three randomised controlled trials (1919 patients) were identified in this review. Compared with placebo, probiotics (RR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.52 to 0.99), synbiotics (RR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.73) and polyphenols (RR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.70) were significantly associated with a lower risk of diarrhoea. Biotic supplements also reduced the risk of moderate to severe diarrhoea (RR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.67) and the need for anti-diarrhoeal medication (RR = 0.64; 95%CI: 0.44 to 0.92). In contrast, glutamine had no effect on acute symptoms (RR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.29). There was a non-significant trend for reduction in nausea and mean bowel movements per day using dietary supplements. CONCLUSIONS Biotic supplements, especially probiotics and synbiotics, reduce acute symptoms of gastrointestinal toxicity in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bartsch
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chee Kin Then
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elinor Harriss
- Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU) at the University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne E. Kiltie
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Microbiome analysis combined with targeted metabolomics reveal immunological anti-tumor activity of icariside I in a melanoma mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111542. [PMID: 34088571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies report that the gut microbiome can enhance systemic and antitumor immunity by modulating responses to antibody immunotherapy in melanoma patients. In this study, we found that icariside I, a novel anti-cancer agent isolated from Epimedium, significantly inhibited B16F10 melanoma growth in vivo through regulation of gut microbiota and host immunity. Oral administration of icariside I improved the microbiota community structure with marked restoration of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. abundance in the cecal contents of tumor-bearing mice. We also found that icariside I improves the levels of microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and indole derivatives, consequently promoting repair of the intestinal barrier and reducing systemic inflammation of tumor-bearing mice. Icariside I exhibited strong immunological anti-tumor activity, directly manifested by up-regulation of multiple lymphocyte subsets including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells or NK and NKT cells in peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice. Collectively, these results suggest that icariside I, via its microbiome remodeling and host immune regulation properties, may be developed as an anticancer drug.
Collapse
|
85
|
Kim SH, Lim YJ. The role of microbiome in colorectal carcinogenesis and its clinical potential as a target for cancer treatment. Intest Res 2021; 20:31-42. [PMID: 34015206 PMCID: PMC8831768 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2021.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of gut microbiome-intestinal immune complex in the development of colorectal cancer and its progression is well recognized. Accordingly, certain microbial strains tend to colonize or vanish in patients with colorectal cancer. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are expected to exhibit both anti-tumor effects and chemopreventive effects during cancer treatment through mechanisms such as xenometabolism, immune interactions, and altered eco-community. Microbial modulation can also be safely used to prevent complications during peri-operational periods of colorectal surgery. A deeper understanding of the role of intestinal microbiota as a target for colorectal cancer treatment will lead the way to a better prognosis for colorectal cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Baruch EN, Wang J, Wargo JA. Gut Microbiota and Antitumor Immunity: Potential Mechanisms for Clinical Effect. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:365-370. [PMID: 34003768 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several landmark preclinical studies have shown an association between the gut microbiota and the effectiveness of immunotherapy for cancer. These studies have sparked clinical trials aimed at modulating the gut microbiota in order to improve clinical response rates to immunotherapy. Despite this, the mechanisms through which the gut microbiota influences the effectiveness of immunotherapy are still incompletely characterized. Preclinical and preliminary clinical findings from numerous types of gut microbiota modulation studies, including fecal transplantation, probiotics, consortia, and diet, demonstrate that favorable microbiota modulation is associated with increased intratumoral infiltration of CD8+ effector T cells. This CD8+ T-cell infiltration is often associated with enhanced intratumoral activity of T-helper type 1 cells and dendritic cells and a lower density of immunosuppressive cells. Herein, we discuss how gut microbiota may affect the activity of immune cells by at least three interlacing mechanisms: activation of pattern recognition receptors, molecular mimicry, and impact of metabolites. We also discuss the therapeutic potential and limitations of the different gut microbiota modulation techniques and their putative mechanisms of immune activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erez N Baruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas. .,Program for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Program for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Abstract
Microbial roles in cancer formation, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment have been disputed for centuries. Recent studies have provocatively claimed that bacteria, viruses, and/or fungi are pervasive among cancers, key actors in cancer immunotherapy, and engineerable to treat metastases. Despite these findings, the number of microbes known to directly cause carcinogenesis remains small. Critically evaluating and building frameworks for such evidence in light of modern cancer biology is an important task. In this Review, we delineate between causal and complicit roles of microbes in cancer and trace common themes of their influence through the host's immune system, herein defined as the immuno-oncology-microbiome axis. We further review evidence for intratumoral microbes and approaches that manipulate the host's gut or tumor microbiome while projecting the next phase of experimental discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Ravid Straussman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jeff Hasty
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- BioCircuits Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
|
89
|
Petroni G, Buqué A, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Immunomodulation by targeted anticancer agents. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:310-345. [PMID: 33338426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At odds with conventional chemotherapeutics, targeted anticancer agents are designed to inhibit precise molecular alterations that support oncogenesis or tumor progression. Despite such an elevated degree of molecular specificity, many clinically employed and experimental targeted anticancer agents also mediate immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive effects that (at least in some settings) influence therapeutic efficacy. Here, we discuss the main immunomodulatory effects of targeted anticancer agents and explore potential avenues to harness them in support of superior clinical efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France; INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Wong MK, Barbulescu P, Coburn B, Reguera-Nuñez E. Therapeutic interventions and mechanisms associated with gut microbiota-mediated modulation of immune checkpoint inhibitor responses. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104804. [PMID: 33652120 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The link between the gut microbiome and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is now well established. New therapeutic opportunities exploiting this relationship are being developed with the goal of augmenting ICI efficacy. In this review, we summarize the foundational research establishing these interactions and discuss the mechanisms and novel therapeutic options associated with this gut microbiome-ICI connection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Wong
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Philip Barbulescu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Bryan Coburn
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada.
| | - Elaine Reguera-Nuñez
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Oliero M, Calvé A, Fragoso G, Cuisiniere T, Hajjar R, Dobrindt U, Santos MM. Oligosaccharides increase the genotoxic effect of colibactin produced by pks+ Escherichia coli strains. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:172. [PMID: 33596864 PMCID: PMC7890614 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colibactin is a genotoxin that induces DNA double-strand breaks that may lead to carcinogenesis and is produced by Escherichia coli strains harboring the pks island. Human and animal studies have shown that colibactin-producing gut bacteria promote carcinogenesis and enhance the progression of colorectal cancer through cellular senescence and chromosomal abnormalities. In this study, we investigated the impact of prebiotics on the genotoxicity of colibactin-producing E. coli strains Nissle 1917 and NC101. METHODS Bacteria were grown in medium supplemented with 20, 30 and 40 mg/mL of prebiotics inulin or galacto-oligosaccharide, and with or without 5 μM, 25 μM and 125 μM of ferrous sulfate. Colibactin expression was assessed by luciferase reporter assay for the clbA gene, essential for colibactin production, in E. coli Nissle 1917 and by RT-PCR in E. coli NC101. The human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, Caco-2, was used to assess colibactin-induced megalocytosis by methylene blue binding assay and genotoxicity by γ-H2AX immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS Inulin and galacto-oligosaccharide enhanced the expression of clbA in pks+ E. coli. However, the addition of 125 μM of ferrous sulfate inhibited the expression of clbA triggered by oligosaccharides. In the presence of either oligosaccharide, E. coli NC101 increased dysplasia and DNA double-strand breaks in Caco-2 cells compared to untreated cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that, in vitro, prebiotic oligosaccharides exacerbate DNA damage induced by colibactin-producing bacteria. Further studies are necessary to establish whether oligosaccharide supplementation may lead to increased colorectal tumorigenesis in animal models colonized with pks+ E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Oliero
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Annie Calvé
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada
| | - Gabriela Fragoso
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada
| | - Thibault Cuisiniere
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada
| | - Roy Hajjar
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute of Hygiene, Section Microbial Genome Plasticity, University of Münster, Mendelstraße 7, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Manuela M. Santos
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Peterson CT, Iablokov SN, Uchitel S, Chopra D, Perez-Santiago J, Rodionov DA, Peterson SN. Community Metabolic Interactions, Vitamin Production and Prebiotic Potential of Medicinal Herbs Used for Immunomodulation. Front Genet 2021; 12:584197. [PMID: 33613632 PMCID: PMC7886795 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.584197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, the health benefits and immunomodulatory potential of medicinal herbs have been considered an intrinsic quality of the herb itself. We have hypothesized that the health benefits of medicinal herbs may be partially due to their prebiotic potential that alter gut microbiota leading to changes in short chain fatty acids and vitamin production or biotransformation of herb encoded molecules and secondary metabolites. Accumulating studies emphasize the relationship between the gut microbiota and host immune function. While largely unknown, these interactions are mediated by secreted microbial products that activate or repress a variety of immune cell types. Here we evaluated the effect of immunomodulatory, medicinal Ayurvedic herbs on gut microbiota in vitro using 16S rRNA sequencing to assess changes in community composition and functional potential. All immunomodulatory herbs displayed substantial prebiotic potential, targeting unique taxonomic groups. Application of genome reconstruction and analysis of biosynthetic capacity of herb selected communities suggests that many of the 11 herbs tested altered the community metabolism as the result of differential glycan harvest and sugar utilization and secreted products including multiple vitamins, butyrate, and propionate that may impact host physiology and immune function. Taken together, these results provide a useful framework for the further evaluation of these immunomodulatory herbs in vivo to maintain immune homeostasis or achieve desired regulation of immune components in the context of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine T Peterson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Stanislav N Iablokov
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Theoretical Physics, P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Sasha Uchitel
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Ayurveda and Yoga Research, Chopra Foundation, Carlsbad, CA, United States
| | - Josue Perez-Santiago
- Puerto Rico Omic Center Genomics Core Division of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Dmitry A Rodionov
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Bioinformatics and Structural Biology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Scott N Peterson
- Puerto Rico Omic Center Genomics Core Division of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico.,Bioinformatics and Structural Biology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Grenda A, Krawczyk P. Cancer trigger or remedy: two faces of the human microbiome. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1395-1405. [PMID: 33492450 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently, increasing attention cancer treatment has focused on molecularly targeted therapies and more recently on immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoints. However, even such advanced treatment may be ineffective. The reasons for this are sought, inter alia, in the human microbiome. In our intestines, there are bacteria that are beneficial to us, but pathogenic microorganisms may also be present. Microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) is now perceived as one of the gateways to cancer. However, it is feasible to use bacteria and their metabolites to restore the natural, beneficial microbiome during oncological treatment. Akkermansia mucinifila, Enterococcus hirae, or Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are bacteria that exhibit this beneficial potential. Greater benefits of therapy can be observed in cancer patients enriched in these bacterial species and treated with anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we present issues related to the role of bacteria in carcinogenesis and their therapeutic potential "supporting" modern anti-cancer therapies.Key Points• Bacteria can be directly or indirectly a cancer trigger.• Bacterial metabolites regulate the pathways associated with carcinogenesis.• Intestinal bacteria activate the immune system to fight cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grenda
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Man S, Liu T, Yao Y, Lu Y, Ma L, Lu F. Friend or foe? The roles of inulin-type fructans. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
95
|
Sampsell K, Hao D, Reimer RA. The Gut Microbiota: A Potential Gateway to Improved Health Outcomes in Breast Cancer Treatment and Survivorship. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9239. [PMID: 33287442 PMCID: PMC7731103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. The disease and its treatments exert profound effects on an individual's physical and mental health. There are many factors that impact an individual's risk of developing breast cancer, their response to treatments, and their risk of recurrence. The community of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiota, affects human health through metabolic, neural, and endocrine signaling, and immune activity. It is through these mechanisms that the gut microbiota appears to influence breast cancer risk, response to treatment, and recurrence. A disrupted gut microbiota or state of 'dysbiosis' can contribute to a biological environment associated with higher risk for cancer development as well as contribute to negative treatment side-effects. Many cancer treatments have been shown to shift the gut microbiota toward dysbiosis; however, the microbiota can also be positively manipulated through diet, prebiotic and probiotic supplementation, and exercise. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the current understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiota and breast cancer and to highlight potential strategies for modulation of the gut microbiota that could lead to improved clinical outcomes and overall health in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara Sampsell
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Desirée Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Guo Y, Bian X, Liu J, Zhu M, Li L, Yao T, Tang C, Ravichandran V, Liao P, Papadimitriou K, Yin J. Dietary Components, Microbial Metabolites and Human Health: Reading between the Lines. Foods 2020; 9:E1045. [PMID: 32756378 PMCID: PMC7466307 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trillions of bacteria reside in the human gut and they metabolize dietary substances to obtain nutrients and energy while producing metabolites. Therefore, different dietary components could affect human health in various ways through microbial metabolism. Many such metabolites have been shown to affect human physiological activities, including short-chain fatty acids metabolized from carbohydrates; indole, kynurenic acid and para-cresol, metabolized from amino acids; conjugated linoleic acid and linoleic acid, metabolized from lipids. Here, we review the features of these metabolites and summarize the possible molecular mechanisms of their metabolisms by gut microbiota. We discuss the potential roles of these metabolites in health and diseases, and the interactions between host metabolism and the gut microbiota. We also show some of the major dietary patterns around the world and hope this review can provide insights into our eating habits and improve consumers' health conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (T.Y.); (C.T.)
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Xiaohan Bian
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (T.Y.); (C.T.)
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (T.Y.); (C.T.)
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (T.Y.); (C.T.)
| | - Lin Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (T.Y.); (C.T.)
| | - Tingyu Yao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (T.Y.); (C.T.)
| | - Congjia Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (T.Y.); (C.T.)
| | - Vinothkannan Ravichandran
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
| | - Peng Liao
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Food, University of Peloponnese, 22131 Antikalamos, Greece;
| | - Jia Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (T.Y.); (C.T.)
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Patra V, Gallais Sérézal I, Wolf P. Potential of Skin Microbiome, Pro- and/or Pre-Biotics to Affect Local Cutaneous Responses to UV Exposure. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1795. [PMID: 32560310 PMCID: PMC7353315 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human skin hosts innumerable microorganisms and maintains homeostasis with the local immune system despite the challenges offered by environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR). UVR causes cutaneous alterations such as acute (i.e., sunburn) and chronic inflammation, tanning, photoaging, skin cancer, and immune modulation. Phototherapy on the other hand is widely used to treat inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, polymorphic light eruption and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), as well as neoplastic skin diseases such as cutaneous T cell lymphoma, among others. Previous work has addressed the use of pro- and pre-biotics to protect against UVR through anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-carcinogenic and/or pro-and contra-melanogenic properties. Herein, we discuss and share perspectives of the potential benefits of novel treatment strategies using microbes and pro- and pre-biotics as modulators of the skin response to UVR, and how they could act both for protection against UVR-induced skin damage and as enhancers of the UVR-driven therapeutic effects on the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- VijayKumar Patra
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Irène Gallais Sérézal
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Solna, Sweden;
- Department of Dermatology, Besançon University Hospital, 25000 Besancon, France
| | - Peter Wolf
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Zhang R, Gao X, Bai H, Ning K. Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiome: Their Respective and Concert Effects on Healthcare. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:538. [PMID: 32390855 PMCID: PMC7188910 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in systems biology, particularly based on the omics approaches, have resulted in a paradigm shift in both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the gut microbiome research. In line with this paradigm shift, the importance of TCM and gut microbiome in healthcare, as well as their interplay, has become clearer. Firstly, we briefly summarize the current status of three topics in this review: microbiome, TCM, and relationship of TCM and microbiome. Second, we focused on TCM's therapeutic effects and gut microbiome's mediation roles, including the relationships among diet, gut microbiome, and health care. Third, we have summarized some databases and tools to help understand the impact of TCM and gut microbiome on diagnosis and treatment at the molecular level. Finally, we introduce the effects of gut microbiome on TCM and host health, with two case studies, one on the metabolic effect of gut microbiome on TCM, and another on cancer treatment. In summary, we have reviewed the current status of the two components of healthcare: TCM and gut microbiome, as well as their concert effects. It is quite clear that as the holobiont, the maintenance of the health status of human would depend heavily on TCM, gut microbiome, and their combined effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Ning
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
El Bairi K, Jabi R, Trapani D, Boutallaka H, Ouled Amar Bencheikh B, Bouziane M, Amrani M, Afqir S, Maleb A. Can the microbiota predict response to systemic cancer therapy, surgical outcomes, and survival? The answer is in the gut. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:403-421. [PMID: 32308061 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1758063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gut microbiota seems to play a key role in tumorigenesis, across various hallmarks of cancer. Recent evidence suggests its potential use as a biomarker predicting drug response and adding prognostic information, generally in the context of immuno-oncology. AREAS COVERED In this review, we focus on the modulating effects of gut microbiota dysbiosis on various anticancer molecules used in practice, including cytotoxic and immune-modulating agents, primarily immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Pubmed/Medline-based literature search was conducted to find potential original studies that discuss gut microbiota as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for cancer therapy. We also looked at the US ClinicalTrials.gov website to find additional studies particularly ongoing human clinical trials. EXPERT COMMENTARY Sequencing of stool-derived materials and tissue samples from cancer patients and animal models has shown a significant enrichment of various bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis were associated with resistant disease and poorer outcomes. Gut microbiota was also found to be associated with surgical outcomes and seems to play a significant role in anastomotic leak (ATL) after surgery mainly by collagen breakdown. However, this research field is just at the beginning and the current findings are not yet ready to change clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Bairi
- Cancer Biomarkers Working Group, Mohamed Ist University , Oujda, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed Ist University , Oujda, Morocco
| | - Rachid Jabi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed Ist University , Oujda, Morocco
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Mohamed VI University Hospital , Oujda, Morocco
| | - Dario Trapani
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, University of Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Hanae Boutallaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital of Rabat, Mohamed V University , Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Mohammed Bouziane
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed Ist University , Oujda, Morocco
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Mohamed VI University Hospital , Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mariam Amrani
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University , Rabat, Morocco
| | - Said Afqir
- Cancer Biomarkers Working Group, Mohamed Ist University , Oujda, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed Ist University , Oujda, Morocco
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohamed VI University Hospital , Oujda, Morocco
| | - Adil Maleb
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed Ist University , Oujda, Morocco
- Department of Microbiology, Mohamed VI University Hospital , Oujda, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|