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Corrales J, Kristofco LA, Steele WB, Yates BS, Breed CS, Williams ES, Brooks BW. Global Assessment of Bisphenol A in the Environment: Review and Analysis of Its Occurrence and Bioaccumulation. Dose Response 2015; 13:1559325815598308. [PMID: 26674671 PMCID: PMC4674187 DOI: 10.1177/1559325815598308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Because bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume chemical, we examined over 500 peer-reviewed studies to understand its global distribution in effluent discharges, surface waters, sewage sludge, biosolids, sediments, soils, air, wildlife, and humans. Bisphenol A was largely reported from urban ecosystems in Asia, Europe, and North America; unfortunately, information was lacking from large geographic areas, megacities, and developing countries. When sufficient data were available, probabilistic hazard assessments were performed to understand global environmental quality concerns. Exceedances of Canadian Predicted No Effect Concentrations for aquatic life were >50% for effluents in Asia, Europe, and North America but as high as 80% for surface water reports from Asia. Similarly, maximum concentrations of BPA in sediments from Asia were higher than Europe. Concentrations of BPA in wildlife, mostly for fish, ranged from 0.2 to 13 000 ng/g. We observed 60% and 40% exceedences of median levels by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in Europe and Asia, respectively. These findings highlight the utility of coordinating global sensing of environmental contaminants efforts through integration of environmental monitoring and specimen banking to identify regions for implementation of more robust environmental assessment and management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jone Corrales
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Lauren A. Kristofco
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - W. Baylor Steele
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Brian S. Yates
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Christopher S. Breed
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - E. Spencer Williams
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W. Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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52
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Negreira N, Cobas J, Carro N. Optimization of Soxtec extraction procedure for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in bivalve mollusc. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815050111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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53
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New environmentally friendly MSPD solid support based on golden mussel shell: characterization and application for extraction of organic contaminants from mussel tissue. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:4805-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8686-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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54
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Rivetti C, Gómez-Canela C, Lacorte S, Díez S, Lázaro WL, Barata C. Identification of compounds bound to suspended solids causing sub-lethal toxic effects in Daphnia magna. A field study on re-suspended particles during river floods in Ebro River. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 161:41-50. [PMID: 25667993 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Identifying chemicals causing adverse effects in organisms present in water remains a challenge in environmental risk assessment. This study aimed to assess and identify toxic compounds bound to suspended solids re-suspended during a prolonged period of flushing flows in the lower part of Ebro River (NE, Spain). This area is contaminated with high amounts of organochlorine and mercury sediment wastes. Chemical characterization of suspended material was performed by solid phase extraction using a battery of non-polar and polar solvents and analyzed by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. Mercury content was also determined for all sites. Post-exposure feeding rates of Daphnia magna were used to assess toxic effects of whole and filtered water samples and of re-constituted laboratory water with re-suspended solid fractions. Organochlorine and mercury residues in the water samples increased from upstream to downstream locations. Conversely, toxic effects were greater at the upstream site than downstream of the superfund Flix reservoir. A further analysis of the suspended solid fraction identified a toxic component eluted within the 80:20 methanol:water fraction. Characterization of that toxic component fraction by LC-MS/MS identified the phytotoxin anatoxin-a, whose residue levels were correlated with observed feeding inhibition responses. Further feeding inhibition assays conducted in the lab using anatoxin-a produced from Planktothrix agardhii, a filamentous cyanobacteria, confirmed field results. This study provides evidence that in real field situation measured contaminant residues do not always agree with toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rivetti
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Gómez-Canela
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Díez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wilkinson L Lázaro
- Centro de Estudos em Limnologia, Biodiversidade e Etnobiologia do Pantanal, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Mato Grosso, Brazil. Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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55
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Multiscreening determination of organic pollutants in molluscs using matrix solid phase dispersion. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1391:18-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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56
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Mailler R, Gasperi J, Coquet Y, Deshayes S, Zedek S, Cren-Olivé C, Cartiser N, Eudes V, Bressy A, Caupos E, Moilleron R, Chebbo G, Rocher V. Study of a large scale powdered activated carbon pilot: Removals of a wide range of emerging and priority micropollutants from wastewater treatment plant effluents. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 72:315-30. [PMID: 25466636 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of a fluidized powdered activated carbon (PAC) pilot (CarboPlus(®)) was studied in both nominal (total nitrification + post denitrification) and degraded (partial nitrification + no denitrification) configuration of the Seine Centre WWTP (Colombes, France). In addition to conventional wastewater parameters 54 pharmaceuticals and hormones (PhPHs) and 59 other emerging pollutants were monitored in influents and effluents of the pilot. Thus, the impacts of the WWTP configuration, the process operation and the physico-chemical properties of the studied compounds were assessed in this article. Among the 26 PhPHs quantified in nominal WWTP configuration influents, 8 have high dissolved concentrations (>100 ng/L), 11 have an intermediary concentration (10-100 ng/L) and 7 are quantified below 10 ng/L. Sulfamethoxazole is predominant (about 30% of the sum of the PhPHs). Overall, 6 PhPHs are poorly to moderately removed (<60%), such as ibuprofen, paracetamol or estrone, while 9 are very well removed (>80%), i.e. beta blockers, carbamazepine or trimethoprim, and 11 are well eliminated (60-80%), i.e. diclofenac, naproxen or sulfamethoxazole. In degraded WWTP configuration, higher levels of organic matter and higher concentrations of most pollutants are observed. Consequently, most PhPHs are substantially less removed in percentages but the removed flux is higher. Thus, the PAC dose required to achieve a given removal percentage is higher in degraded WWTP configuration. For the other micropollutants (34 quantified), artificial sweeteners and phthalates are found at particularly high concentrations in degraded WWTP configuration influents, up to μg/L range. Only pesticides, bisphenol A and parabens are largely eliminated (50-95%), while perfluorinated acids, PAHs, triclosan and sweeteners are not or weakly removed (<50%). The remaining compounds exhibit a very variable fate from campaign to campaign. The fresh PAC dose was identified as the most influencing operation parameter and is strongly correlated to performances. Charge and hydrophobicity of compounds have been recognized as crucial for the micropollutant adsorption on PAC, as well as the molecular weight. Finally, a PAC dose of 10 mg/L allows an average removal of 72-80% of the sum of the PhPHs in nominal WWTP configuration. The comparaison of the results with those from the scarce other studies tends to indicate that an extrapolation of them to different PAC processes and to other WWTPs could be possible and relevant, taking into account the differences of water quality from WWTP to WWTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mailler
- LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, AgroParisTech), 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France.
| | - J Gasperi
- LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, AgroParisTech), 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France.
| | - Y Coquet
- SAUR, Direction de la Recherche et du Développement, 1 rue Antoine Lavoisier, 78064 Guyancourt, France
| | - S Deshayes
- LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, AgroParisTech), 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France; LCPP (Laboratoire Central de la Préfecture de Police), 39 bis rue de Dantzig, 75015 Paris, France
| | - S Zedek
- LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, AgroParisTech), 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - C Cren-Olivé
- ISA (UMR 5280, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS), 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - N Cartiser
- ISA (UMR 5280, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS), 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - V Eudes
- LCPP (Laboratoire Central de la Préfecture de Police), 39 bis rue de Dantzig, 75015 Paris, France
| | - A Bressy
- LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, AgroParisTech), 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - E Caupos
- LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, AgroParisTech), 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - R Moilleron
- LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, AgroParisTech), 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - G Chebbo
- LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, AgroParisTech), 6-8 avenue Blaise Pascal, Champs-sur-Marne, 77455 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - V Rocher
- SIAAP, Direction du Développement et de la Prospective, 82 avenue Kléber, 92700 Colombes, France
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57
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Characterization and quantification of PAH atmospheric pollution from a large petrochemical complex in Guangzhou: GC–MS/MS analysis. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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58
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Pressurized hot water extraction followed by miniaturized membrane assisted solvent extraction for the green analysis of alkylphenols in sediments. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1383:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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59
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Ferreira L, Rosales E, Sanromán MÁ, Pazos MM. Scale-up of removal process using a remediating-bacterium isolated from marine coastal sediment. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01888a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, a wide variety of pollutants are discharged to different water sources and become water contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ferreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Campus As Lagoas Marcosende
- University of Vigo
- Vigo 36310
- Spain
| | - Emilio Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Campus As Lagoas Marcosende
- University of Vigo
- Vigo 36310
- Spain
| | - M. Ángeles Sanromán
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Campus As Lagoas Marcosende
- University of Vigo
- Vigo 36310
- Spain
| | - Marta M. Pazos
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Campus As Lagoas Marcosende
- University of Vigo
- Vigo 36310
- Spain
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60
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Russo MV, Avino P, Perugini L, Notardonato I. Extraction and GC-MS analysis of phthalate esters in food matrices: a review. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01916h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Scopus database, using “phthalate” and “GC” as keywords, 758 papers have been found between 1990 and 2014, showing strong and increasing interest in this class of compounds from the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vincenzo Russo
- Dipartimento Agricoltura
- Ambiente e Alimenti
- Università del Molise
- 86100 Campobasso
- Italy
| | | | - Luisa Perugini
- Dipartimento Agricoltura
- Ambiente e Alimenti
- Università del Molise
- 86100 Campobasso
- Italy
| | - Ivan Notardonato
- Dipartimento Agricoltura
- Ambiente e Alimenti
- Università del Molise
- 86100 Campobasso
- Italy
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61
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Molina-Ruiz JM, Cieslik E, Cieslik I, Walkowska I. Determination of pesticide residues in fish tissues by modified QuEChERS method and dual-d-SPE clean-up coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:369-378. [PMID: 25074831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to modify the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method for the determination of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides in fatty animal matrices such as fish muscle tissues of carp and sturgeon collected from Carp Valley, Lesser Poland. Pesticides extraction effectiveness was evaluated at 0.030 mg kg(-1) spiking level and efficiency of the dispersive-solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up step was evaluated by comparison testing two different d-SPE clean-up stages, first the addition of the d-SPE sorbent combination (PSA + SAX + NH2), and secondly the addition of C18 after extracts enrichment with the d-SPE sorbent combination (PSA + SAX + NH2), introducing a novel concept of clean-up named dual-d-SPE clean-up. Analysis of pesticide residues was performed by Gas Chromatography Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (GC/Q-MS) working in selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Linear relation was observed from 0 to 200 ng mL(-1) and determination coefficient R(2) > 0.997 in all instances for all target analytes. Better recoveries and cleanliness of extracts in both samples, carp and sturgeon tissues, were obtained after C18 addition during the dual-d-SPE clean-up step. Recoveries were in the range 70-120%, with relative standard deviation lower than 10% at 0.030 mg kg(-1) spiking level for most pesticides. LODs ranged 0.001-0.003 mg kg(-1), while LOQs ranged 0.004-0.009 mg kg(-1). The proposed method was successfully applied analyzing pesticide residues in real carp and sturgeon muscle samples; detectable pesticide residues were observed, but in all of the cases contamination level was lower than the default maximum residue levels (MRLs) set by the European Union (EU), Regulation (EC) N 396/2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Molina-Ruiz
- Malopolska Centre of Food Monitoring, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka St, 30-149, Krakow, Poland,
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62
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Salgueiro-González N, Turnes-Carou I, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, López-Mahía P, Prada-Rodríguez D. Analysis of endocrine disruptor compounds in marine sediments by in cell clean up-pressurized liquid extraction-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry determination. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 852:112-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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63
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Amaral BD, de Araujo JA, Peralta-Zamora PG, Nagata N. Simultaneous determination of atrazine and metabolites (DIA and DEA) in natural water by multivariate electronic spectroscopy. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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64
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Multi-residue analysis of emerging pollutants in benthic invertebrates by modified micro-quick-easy-cheap-efficient-rugged-safe extraction and nanoliquid chromatography–nanospray–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1367:16-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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65
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Behzadi M, Noroozian E, Mirzaei M. Electropolymerization of carbon nanotubes/poly-ortho-aminophenol nanocomposite on a stainless steel fiber for the solid-phase microextraction of phthalate esters. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05732e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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66
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Gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous analysis of 19 brominated compounds in environmental and biological samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:7667-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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67
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Faria M, Ochoa V, Blázquez M, Juan MFS, Lazzara R, Lacorte S, Soares AMVM, Barata C. Separating natural from anthropogenic causes of impairment in Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) populations living across a pollution gradient. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 152:82-95. [PMID: 24742819 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the reproductive stage, the total lipid content and eight broadly used biochemical stress responses were used to assess seasonal and pollutant effects across eleven different zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) populations from the Ebro and Mijares river basin, Spain. Biochemical markers included superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S transferase (GST), multixenobiotic transporter activity (MXR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and single strand DNA breaks. Principal component analyses of zebra mussel responses across an annual cycle, showed a marked gonad stage component in total lipid content and biochemical responses. The same response pattern was observed across the populations sampled along a broad geographical and pollution gradient. Population differences on the gonad developmental stage were highly correlated with most of the measured responses and unrelated with the pollution gradient. Conversely, bioaccumulation of organic and inorganic contaminant residues was more related to pollution sources than with the reproductive cycle. These results indicate that the reproductive cycle is the major factor affecting the temporal and spatial variation of the studied markers in D. polymorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Faria
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Victoria Ochoa
- Center for Research and Innovation in Toxicology, UPC Campus Terrassa Zona IPCT Ctra, Nac.150. km 15, 08227 Terrassa, Spain.
| | | | | | - Raimondo Lazzara
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Barata
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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68
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Madureira TV, Velhote S, Santos C, Cruzeiro C, Rocha E, Rocha MJ. A step forward using QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) based extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-levels of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wild and commercial mussels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6089-6098. [PMID: 24469768 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new and fully validated QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methodology was developed and subsequently implemented for the quantification of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wild (from Matosinhos Beach, Portugal) and commercial (from Ria de Arousa, Spain) mussels. The method proved to be robust, precise, and accurate, with recoveries ranging from 89.2 to 111.8 %. Total sums of 16 PAHs were 52.91 and 37.58 ng/g of wet weight for wild and commercial specimens, respectively. The three- to four-ring PAHs were the most abundant, and a mixture of petrogenic and pyrolytic sources were suspected to occur in both origin areas. Although the contamination levels were below the European regulated limits, specifically for commercial mussels (this despite wild specimens are also consumed), care should be taken in terms of human health, since we are still not aware of the low-dose versus long-term effects, even more in high-risk population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Vieira Madureira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal,
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69
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Hloušková V, Lanková D, Kalachová K, Hrádková P, Poustka J, Hajšlová J, Pulkrabová J. Brominated flame retardants and perfluoroalkyl substances in sediments from the Czech aquatic ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:407-416. [PMID: 24140701 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study reports results of analysis of various groups of halogenated chemicals, including brominated flame retardants (BFRs), such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in 31 sediment samples collected in different localities of the Czech Republic. In this survey, identification of potential sources of these compounds was also performed; therefore several sampling sites located in highly industrialized areas were involved. Concentrations of target groups of analytes determined in sediments from several Czech rivers examined within this study decreased in the following order: decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) >>> TBBPA~HBCDs~linear perfluorooctane sulfonate (L-PFOS)>other PBDEs~perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs)~perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA). When compared the contamination by two monitored groups of halogenated compounds, the total content of ∑BFRs was significantly higher, i.e. in the range from the method quantification limit (MQL) to 528 μg/kg dry weight (dw) (median value 5.68 μg/kg dw), than the total concentration of ∑PFASs, that was in the range from MQL to 25.5 μg/kg dw (median value 1.48 μg/kg dw). The extremely highest content of BFR group (265-528 μg/kg dw) was found in sediments collected in sampling sites on the Labe and Lužická Nisa Rivers, which are located in highly chemical industrialized areas and also in the sample from the locality Lampertice obtained from the sedimentation tank close to the factory processing and storing waste. These concentrations were a little bit higher or comparable to those found in similar highly industrialized areas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Hloušková
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Darina Lanková
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Kalachová
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hrádková
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Poustka
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajšlová
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pulkrabová
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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70
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Barón E, Santín G, Eljarrat E, Barceló D. Occurrence of classic and emerging halogenated flame retardants in sediment and sludge from Ebro and Llobregat river basins (Spain). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 265:288-295. [PMID: 24295901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Classic (polybromodiphenyl ethers, PBDEs) and emerging halogenated flame retardants such as hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromoetilbenzene (PBEB), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), Dechlorane 602 (Dec 602), Dechlorane 603 (Dec 603), Dechlorane 604 (Dec 604) and Dechlorane plus (DP) were analyzed in 33 sediments and 7 sludges from two Iberian river basins, Ebro and Llobregat. In sediment samples, PBDE levels ranged between nd and 44.3ng/g dw with BDE-209 being the most abundant congener. Levels of DBDPE and halogenated norbornenes ranged between nd and 31.5ng/g dw and between nq and 3.74ng/g dw, respectively. This is the first study to report halogenated norbornene levels in sediment samples from Spain. PBDE, DBDPE and halogenated norbornene levels in sludge ranged from 13 to 340, nq to 124 and 2.7 to 19ng/g dw, respectively. HBB and PBEB were not detected in any sample. Levels of classic and emerging HFRs were compared. Our results suggest that DBDPE is the most frequently used compound to replace BDE-209, whereas the use of halogenated norbornenes is still low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Barón
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giselle Santín
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
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71
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Mbundi L, Gallar-Ayala H, Khan MR, Barber JL, Losada S, Busquets R. Advances in the Analysis of Challenging Food Contaminants. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63406-1.00002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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72
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Barco-Bonilla N, Plaza-Bolaños P, Tarifa NMV, Romero-González R, Martínez Vidal JL, Frenich AG. Highly sensitive determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface water by GC coupled to high-resolution MS according to the EU Water Directive 2008/105/EC. J Sep Sci 2013; 37:69-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Barco-Bonilla
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Patricia Plaza-Bolaños
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Noelia Ma Valera Tarifa
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - José Luis Martínez Vidal
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area); Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG); Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3; University of Almería; Almería Spain
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73
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Development of a multiresidue method for analysis of pesticides in sediments based on isotope dilution and liquid chromatography-electrospray–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1305:176-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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74
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Méndez N, Lacorte S, Barata C. Effects of the pharmaceutical fluoxetine in spiked-sediments on feeding activity and growth of the polychaete Capitella teleta. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 89:76-82. [PMID: 23769338 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The marine-estuarine polychaete Capitella is an indicator of organic pollution and plays important roles in sewage waste cycling. The antidepressant fluoxetine can be accumulated in streams and sewage effluents and it could pose a hazard to infauna. Effects of fluoxetine on feeding and growth of Capitella teleta were investigated through the exposure to 0, 0.001, 0.03, 0.3 and 3.3 μg/g dry weight sediment-spiked fluoxetine during 18 days. No effects of fluoxetine concentrations were observed on egestion rates, body weight and size-specific egestion rates. Fluoxetine favoured the occurrence of males with abnormal genital spines. This suggests that fluoxetine can have important reproductive implications. Further studies are recommended to assess potential detrimental effects on benthic infauna inhabiting close to sewage treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Méndez
- Laboratorio de Invertebrados Bentónicos, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 811, Mazatlán, Sinaloa 82000, Mexico.
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75
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Sánchez-Avila J, Vicente J, Echavarri-Erasun B, Porte C, Tauler R, Lacorte S. Sources, fluxes and risk of organic micropollutants to the Cantabrian Sea (Spain). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 72:119-132. [PMID: 23673206 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The sources, distribution and risk of 51 organic micropollutants (OMPs) in the Cantabrian coastal environment (NW Spain) were evaluated. Gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorinated pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, phthalates esters, bisphenol A and alkylphenols. 45 OMPs were detected in coastal/estuarine waters. Wastewater treatment plant effluents and emissary discharges were identified as the main sources of contamination. The accumulation of OMPs in sediments and the bioaccumulation in 21 days caged mussels were also assessed. Chemical results were combined with the "Combined Monitoring-based and Modeling-based Priority Setting Scheme" COMMPS procedure for risk assessment analysis. Finally, the chemical status of the different sampling locations was estimated using site risk indexes. Those indexes can be conveniently displayed in quality geographical maps and are considered a valuable tool for the environmental management and risk assessment of the region under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sánchez-Avila
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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76
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Navarro A, Sánchez-Fontenla J, Cordero D, Faria M, Peña JB, Saavedra C, Blázquez M, Ruíz O, Ureña R, Torreblanca A, Barata C, Piña B. Genetic and phenoptypic differentiation of zebra mussel populations colonizing Spanish river basins. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:915-928. [PMID: 23681738 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Zebra mussel populations in Ebro and Mijares Rivers (northern Spain) were analyzed to study the mechanisms by which this aquatic species deals with pollution. Variability analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene and of one nuclear microsatellite were performed for ten populations from the Ebro River and one from the Mijares River. Comparison of these results with those from five additional European populations indicated that the Spanish populations constitute a homogeneous gene pool. Transcriptome analyses of gill samples from a subset of the Spanish populations showed changes on expression levels that correlated with variations in general fitness and loads of heavy metals. The less polluted upstream Ebro populations showed overexpression of mitochondrial and cell proliferation-related genes compared to the more polluted, downstream Ebro populations. Our data indicate that heavy metals were the main factors explaining these transcriptomic patterns, and that zebra mussel is resilient to pollutants (like mercury and organochlorine compounds) proved to be extremely toxic to vertebrates. We propose that zebra mussel populations sharing a common gene pool may acclimate to different levels and forms of pollution through modulations in their transcriptomic profile, although direct selection on genes showing differential expression patterns cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Navarro
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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77
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Bargar TA, Garrison VH, Alvarez DA, Echols KR. Contaminants assessment in the coral reefs of Virgin Islands National Park and Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 70:281-288. [PMID: 23566560 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Coral, fish, plankton, and detritus samples were collected from coral reefs in Virgin Islands National Park (VIIS) and Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument (VICR) to assess existing contamination levels. Passive water sampling using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and semi-permeable membrane devices found a few emerging pollutants of concern (DEET and galaxolide) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Very little persistent organic chemical contamination was detected in the tissue or detritus samples. Detected contaminants were at concentrations below those reported to be harmful to aquatic organisms. Extracts from the POCIS were subjected to the yeast estrogen screen (YES) to assess potential estrogenicity of the contaminant mixture. Results of the YES (estrogen equivalency of 0.17-0.31 ng/L 17-β-estradiol) indicated a low estrogenicity likelihood for contaminants extracted from water. Findings point to low levels of polar and non-polar organic contaminants in the bays sampled within VICR and VIIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Bargar
- Southeast Ecological Science Center, US Geological Survey, 7920 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA.
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78
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Kalachova K, Pulkrabova J, Cajka T, Drabova L, Stupak M, Hajslova J. Gas chromatography–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry: a powerful tool for the (ultra)trace analysis of multiclass environmental contaminants in fish and fish feed. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7803-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7000-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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79
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Salgueiro-González N, Turnes-Carou I, Muniategui-Lorenzoa S, López-Mahía P, Prada-Rodríguez D. Fast and selective pressurized liquid extraction with simultaneous in cell clean up for the analysis of alkylphenols and bisphenol A in bivalve molluscs. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1270:80-7. [PMID: 23218190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel and green analytical methodology for the determination of alkylphenols (4-tert-octylphenol, 4-n-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, nonylphenol technical mixture) and bisphenol A in bivalve mollusc samples was developed and validated. The method was based on selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE) with a simultaneous in cell clean up combined with liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in negative mode (LC–ESI-MS/MS). Quantitation was performed by standard addition curves in order to correct matrix effects. The analytical features of the method were satisfactory: relative recoveries varied between 80 and 107% and repeatability and intermediate precision were <20% for all compounds. Uncertainty assessment of measurement was estimated on the basis of an in-house validation according to EURACHEM/CITAC guide. Quantitation limits of the method (MQL) ranged between 0.34 (4-n-octylphenol) and 3.6 ng g(−1) dry weight (nonylphenol). The main advantages of the method are sensitivity, selectivity, automaticity, low volumes of solvents required and low sample analysis time (according with the principles of Green Chemistry). The method was applied to the analysis of mussel samples of Galicia coast (NW of Spain). Nonylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol were measured in all samples at concentrations between 9.3 and 372 ng g(−1) dw. As an approach, the human daily intake of these compounds was estimated and no risk for human health was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Salgueiro-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10, E-15008 A Coruña, Spain
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80
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Salgueiro-González N, Turnes-Carou I, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, López-Mahía P, Prada-Rodríguez D. Membrane assisted solvent extraction coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry applied to the analysis of alkylphenols in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1281:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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81
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Kalachova K, Cajka T, Sandy C, Hajslova J, Pulkrabova J. High throughput sample preparation in combination with gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS): A smart procedure for (ultra)trace analysis of brominated flame retardants in fish. Talanta 2013; 105:109-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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82
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Analysis of Halogenated Flame Retardants by Gas Chromatography Coupled to LRMS, HRMS, MS–MS, and TOF-MS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62623-3.00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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83
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Guillén D, Ginebreda A, Farré M, Darbra RM, Petrovic M, Gros M, Barceló D. Prioritization of chemicals in the aquatic environment based on risk assessment: analytical, modeling and regulatory perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 440:236-52. [PMID: 22809786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The extensive and intensive use of chemicals in our developed, highly technological society includes more than 100,000 chemical substances. Significant scientific evidence has lead to the recognition that their improper use and release may result in undesirable and harmful side-effects on both the human and ecosystem health. To cope with them, appropriate risk assessment processes and related prioritization schemes have been developed in order to provide the necessary scientific support for regulatory procedures. In the present paper, two of the elements that constitute the core of risk assessment, namely occurrence and hazard effects, have been discussed. Recent advances in analytical chemistry (sample pre-treatment and instrumental equipment, etc.) have allowed for more comprehensive monitoring of environmental pollution reaching limits of detection up to sub ng L(-1). Alternative to analytical measurements, occurrence models can provide risk managers with a very interesting approach for estimating environmental concentrations from real or hypothetical scenarios. The most representative prioritization schemes used for issuing lists of concerning chemicals have also been examined and put in the context of existing environmental policies for protection strategies and regulations. Finally, new challenges in the field of risk-assessment have been outlined, including those posed by new materials (i.e., nanomaterials), transformation products, multi-chemical exposure, or extension of the risk assessment process to the whole ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Guillén
- IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08024 Barcelona, Spain.
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84
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Sánchez-Avila J, Tauler R, Lacorte S. Organic micropollutants in coastal waters from NW Mediterranean Sea: sources distribution and potential risk. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 46:50-62. [PMID: 22706016 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a first estimation on the sources, distribution and risk of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in coastal waters from NW Mediterranean Sea. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorinated pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, phthalates and alkylphenols were analyzed by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-GC-EI-MS/MS). River waters and wastewater treatment plant effluents discharging to the sea were identified as the main sources of OMPs to coastal waters, with an estimated input amount of around of 25,800 g d(-1). The concentration of ΣOMPs in coastal areas ranged from 17.4 to 8442 ng L(-1), and was the highest in port waters, followed by coastal and river mouth seawaters. A summarized overview of the patterns and sources of OMP contamination on the investigated coastal sea waters of NW Mediterranean Sea, as well as of their geographical distribution was obtained by Principal Component Analysis of the complete data set after its adequate pretreatment. Alkylphenols, bisphenol A and phthalates were the main contributors to ΣOMPs and produced an estimated significant pollution risk for fish, algae and the sensitive mysid shrimp organisms in seawater samples. The combination of GC-MS/MS, chemometrics and risk analysis is proven to be useful for a better control and management of OMP discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sánchez-Avila
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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85
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Bizkarguenaga E, Ros O, Iparraguirre A, Navarro P, Vallejo A, Usobiaga A, Zuloaga O. Solid-phase extraction combined with large volume injection-programmable temperature vaporization–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the multiresidue determination of priority and emerging organic pollutants in wastewater. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1247:104-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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86
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Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry comprehensive analysis of organophosphorus, brominated flame retardants, by-products and formulation intermediates in water. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1241:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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87
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Determination of alkylphenols and bisphenol A in seawater samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for compliance with environmental quality standards (Directive 2008/105/EC). J Chromatogr A 2012; 1223:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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