51
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Padrón Á, Hurez V, Gupta HB, Clark CA, Pandeswara SL, Yuan B, Svatek RS, Turk MJ, Drerup JM, Li R, Curiel TJ. Age effects of distinct immune checkpoint blockade treatments in a mouse melanoma model. Exp Gerontol 2018; 105:146-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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52
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ILT4 functions as a potential checkpoint molecule for tumor immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:278-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Amatore F, Gorvel L, Olive D. Inducible Co-Stimulator (ICOS) as a potential therapeutic target for anti-cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:343-351. [PMID: 29468927 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1444753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recent success of checkpoint-inhibitors in cancer treatment paved the way for the development of new strategies of agonist and antagonist agents against B7 superfamily members. Inducible Co-Stimulator (ICOS), a co-stimulatory receptor for T-cell enhancement, arouses interest. Areas covered: We performed an extensive literature search with PUBMED using the keywords 'ICOS' and 'cancer' to discuss its involvement in oncogenesis, its expression in different malignancies, and its targeting in relevant preclinical studies. We also searched the Clinicaltrials.gov database for recent updates on early phase clinical trials. Expert opinion: ICOS/ICOSL axis has a dual effect and might participate in anti-tumour T cell response as well as a pro-tumour response due to its connection with regulatory T-cells (Tregs) suppressive activity. Therefore, both antagonist and agonist antibodies might be of interest in the targeting ICOS/ICOSL pathway for cancer treatment. In preclinical studies, ICOS agonist monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown to potentiate the effect of inhibitory checkpoint blockade. In contrast, antagonistic anti-ICOS mAbs could not only inhibit lymphoid tumour cells expressing ICOS, but also dampen immunosuppressive Tregs. Two agonist and one antagonist mAbs are evaluated in phase I/II trials. Efficacy, safety, and combination strategies with anti-ICOS agonist or antagonist have yet to be specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Amatore
- a Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258 , Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes , Marseille , France
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- a Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258 , Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes , Marseille , France
| | - Daniel Olive
- a Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258 , Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes , Marseille , France
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Ravi R, Noonan KA, Pham V, Bedi R, Zhavoronkov A, Ozerov IV, Makarev E, V Artemov A, Wysocki PT, Mehra R, Nimmagadda S, Marchionni L, Sidransky D, Borrello IM, Izumchenko E, Bedi A. Bifunctional immune checkpoint-targeted antibody-ligand traps that simultaneously disable TGFβ enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29467463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02696-6.pmid:29467463;pmcid:pmc5821872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A majority of cancers fail to respond to immunotherapy with antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) or programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1). Cancers frequently express transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), which drives immune dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment by inducing regulatory T cells (Tregs) and inhibiting CD8+ and TH1 cells. To address this therapeutic challenge, we invent bifunctional antibody-ligand traps (Y-traps) comprising an antibody targeting CTLA-4 or PD-L1 fused to a TGFβ receptor II ectodomain sequence that simultaneously disables autocrine/paracrine TGFβ in the target cell microenvironment (a-CTLA4-TGFβRIIecd and a-PDL1-TGFβRIIecd). a-CTLA4-TGFβRIIecd is more effective in reducing tumor-infiltrating Tregs and inhibiting tumor progression compared with CTLA-4 antibody (Ipilimumab). Likewise, a-PDL1-TGFβRIIecd exhibits superior antitumor efficacy compared with PD-L1 antibodies (Atezolizumab or Avelumab). Our data demonstrate that Y-traps counteract TGFβ-mediated differentiation of Tregs and immune tolerance, thereby providing a potentially more effective immunotherapeutic strategy against cancers that are resistant to current immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Ravi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Kimberly A Noonan
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Vui Pham
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Rishi Bedi
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, B301, 1101 33rd Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Ivan V Ozerov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, B301, 1101 33rd Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Eugene Makarev
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, B301, 1101 33rd Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Artem V Artemov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, B301, 1101 33rd Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Piotr T Wysocki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Ranee Mehra
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Center for Computational Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Ivan M Borrello
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Atul Bedi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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55
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Ravi R, Noonan KA, Pham V, Bedi R, Zhavoronkov A, Ozerov IV, Makarev E, V Artemov A, Wysocki PT, Mehra R, Nimmagadda S, Marchionni L, Sidransky D, Borrello IM, Izumchenko E, Bedi A. Bifunctional immune checkpoint-targeted antibody-ligand traps that simultaneously disable TGFβ enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:741. [PMID: 29467463 PMCID: PMC5821872 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A majority of cancers fail to respond to immunotherapy with antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) or programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1). Cancers frequently express transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), which drives immune dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment by inducing regulatory T cells (Tregs) and inhibiting CD8+ and TH1 cells. To address this therapeutic challenge, we invent bifunctional antibody-ligand traps (Y-traps) comprising an antibody targeting CTLA-4 or PD-L1 fused to a TGFβ receptor II ectodomain sequence that simultaneously disables autocrine/paracrine TGFβ in the target cell microenvironment (a-CTLA4-TGFβRIIecd and a-PDL1-TGFβRIIecd). a-CTLA4-TGFβRIIecd is more effective in reducing tumor-infiltrating Tregs and inhibiting tumor progression compared with CTLA-4 antibody (Ipilimumab). Likewise, a-PDL1-TGFβRIIecd exhibits superior antitumor efficacy compared with PD-L1 antibodies (Atezolizumab or Avelumab). Our data demonstrate that Y-traps counteract TGFβ-mediated differentiation of Tregs and immune tolerance, thereby providing a potentially more effective immunotherapeutic strategy against cancers that are resistant to current immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Ravi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Kimberly A Noonan
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Vui Pham
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Rishi Bedi
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, B301, 1101 33rd Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Ivan V Ozerov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, B301, 1101 33rd Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Eugene Makarev
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, B301, 1101 33rd Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Artem V Artemov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, B301, 1101 33rd Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Piotr T Wysocki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Ranee Mehra
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Center for Computational Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Ivan M Borrello
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Atul Bedi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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56
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Sultan M, Vidovic D, Paine AS, Huynh TT, Coyle KM, Thomas ML, Cruickshank BM, Dean CA, Clements DR, Kim Y, Lee K, Gujar SA, Weaver IC, Marcato P. Epigenetic Silencing of TAP1 in Aldefluor+Breast Cancer Stem Cells Contributes to Their Enhanced Immune Evasion. Stem Cells 2018; 36:641-654. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sultan
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Dejan Vidovic
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Arianne S. Paine
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Thomas T. Huynh
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Krysta M. Coyle
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Margaret L. Thomas
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | | | - Cheryl A. Dean
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Derek R. Clements
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Youra Kim
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Kristen Lee
- Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Shashi A. Gujar
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Ian C.G. Weaver
- Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Psychiatry and Brain Repair Centre; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
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57
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Regulatory T cells trigger effector T cell DNA damage and senescence caused by metabolic competition. Nat Commun 2018; 9:249. [PMID: 29339767 PMCID: PMC5770447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the suppressive mechanisms used by regulatory T (Treg) cells is critical for the development of effective strategies for treating tumors and chronic infections. The molecular processes that occur in responder T cells that are suppressed by Treg cells are unclear. Here we show that human Treg cells initiate DNA damage in effector T cells caused by metabolic competition during cross-talk, resulting in senescence and functional changes that are molecularly distinct from anergy and exhaustion. ERK1/2 and p38 signaling cooperate with STAT1 and STAT3 to control Treg-induced effector T-cell senescence. Human Treg-induced T-cell senescence can be prevented via inhibition of the DNA damage response and/or STAT signaling in T-cell adoptive transfer mouse models. These studies identify molecular mechanisms of human Treg cell suppression and indicate that targeting Treg-induced T-cell senescence is a checkpoint for immunotherapy against cancer and other diseases associated with Treg cells. Regulatory T (Treg) cells can induce senescence of tumour-associated effector T cells, but it is not clear how. Here the authors show that Treg cells outcompete effector T cells for glucose uptake, resulting in activation of the DNA damage response in effector T cells.
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58
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Fernandes C, Wanderley CWS, Silva CMS, Muniz HA, Teixeira MA, Souza NRP, Cândido AGF, Falcão RB, Souza MHLP, Almeida PRC, Câmara LMC, Lima-Júnior RCP. Role of regulatory T cells in irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 115:158-166. [PMID: 29307857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis (IM) is a common side effect of irinotecan-based chemotherapy. The involvement of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-18 and IL-33, has been demonstrated. However, the role of adaptive immune system cells, whose activation is partially regulated by these cytokines, is yet unknown. Thus, we investigated the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in irinotecan-induced IM. C57BL/6 mice were injected with saline or irinotecan (75mgkg-1, i.p.), once a day for 4days, and euthanized at day 1, 3, 5 or 7 following the first dose of irinotecan. For Treg depletion, the mice were pretreated with a low single dose of cyclophosphamide (100mgkg-1, i.p). Intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes were harvested and purified by Percoll gradient. Treg and Th17 cells were identified by flow cytometry. Blood leukocyte count was obtained and ileum samples were collected for histopathological analysis and myeloperoxidase assay. IM caused an accumulation of Tregs and Th17 cells over time. Treg depletion exacerbated intestinal damage, diarrhea, neutrophil infiltration and animal mortality, despite a reduction in Th17 cell number. The frequency of other Th cells increased and was positively correlated with neutrophil infiltration. Tregs showed a negative correlation with neutrophils and the frequency of non-regulatory Th cells. In conclusion, Tregs are important in the control of intestinal damage induced by irinotecan, and their depletion showed a deleterious effect on IM. Activation of these cells appears to be a compensatory mechanism for intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fernandes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Heitor Amorim Muniz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maraiza Alves Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renata Brito Falcão
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
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59
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Bhattacharya S, Muhammad N, Steele R, Peng G, Ray RB. Immunomodulatory role of bitter melon extract in inhibition of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma growth. Oncotarget 2017; 7:33202-9. [PMID: 27120805 PMCID: PMC5078086 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer and leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Despite the advancement in treatment procedures the overall survival rate of patients has not considerably enhanced in the past few decades. Therefore, new strategies to achieve a favorable response for the improvement in the prognosis of HNSCC are urgently needed. In this study, we examined the role of bitter melon extract (BME) in HNSCC tumor microenvironment. Mouse head and neck cancer (SCCVII) cells were subcutaneously injected into the flanks of syngeneic mice. We observed that oral gavage of BME significantly inhibits the tumor growth in mice as compared to control group. Further study suggested that BME inhibits cell proliferation as evident from low expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and c-Myc in the tumors of BME fed mice as compared to that of control group. We next investigated the role of BME as an immunomodulator in HNSCC model. Forkhead box protein P3+ (FoxP3+) T cells suppress tumor immunity. Our data suggested that BME treatment decreases the infiltrating regulatory T (Treg) cells by inhibiting FoxP3+ populations in the tumors and in spleens. Additionally, BME treatment reduces Th17 cell population in the tumor. However, BME treatment did not alter Th1 and Th2 cell populations. Together, our findings offer a new insight into how bitter melon extract inhibits head and neck tumor growth by modulating cell proliferation and Treg populations, with implications for how to control tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naoshad Muhammad
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert Steele
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Guangyong Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ratna B Ray
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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60
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Frydrychowicz M, Boruczkowski M, Kolecka-Bednarczyk A, Dworacki G. The Dual Role of Treg in Cancer. Scand J Immunol 2017; 86:436-443. [PMID: 28941312 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent a small subpopulation of CD4+ cells. Tregs are characterized by the expression of transcription factor Forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3), also known as scurfin. Tregs are modulators of adaptive immune responses and play an important role in maintaining tolerance to self-antigens, providing the suppression associated with tumour microenvironment as well. These immunomodulatory properties are the main reason for the development of numerous therapeutic strategies, designed to inhibit the activity of cancer cells. However, due to Treg subpopulation diversity and its many functional pathways, the role of these cells in the cancer development and progression is still not fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Frydrychowicz
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Boruczkowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Kolecka-Bednarczyk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - G Dworacki
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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61
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Hurez V, Padrón Á, Svatek RS, Curiel TJ. Considerations for successful cancer immunotherapy in aged hosts. Exp Gerontol 2017; 107:27-36. [PMID: 28987644 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in understanding cancer immunopathogenesis have now led to unprecedented successes in immunotherapy to treat numerous cancers. Although aging is the most important risk factor for cancer, most pre-clinical cancer immunotherapy studies are undertaken in young hosts. This review covers age-related immune changes as they affect cancer immune surveillance, immunopathogenesis and immune therapy responses. Declining T cell function with age can impede efficacy of age-related cancer immunotherapies, but examples of successful approaches to breach this barrier have been reported. It is further recognized now that immune functions with age do not simply decline, but that they change in potentially detrimental ways. For example, detrimental immune cell populations can become predominant during aging (notably pro-inflammatory cells), the prevalence or function of suppressive cells can increase (notably myeloid derived suppressor cells), drugs can have age-specific effects on immune cells, and attributes of the aged microenvironment can impede or subvert immunity. Key advances in these and related areas will be reviewed as they pertain to cancer immunotherapy in the aged, and areas requiring additional study and some speculations on future research directions will be addressed. We prefer the term Age Related Immune Dysfunction (ARID) as most encompassing the totality of age-associated immune changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Hurez
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Álvaro Padrón
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Robert S Svatek
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; The UT Health Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; The UT Health Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; The Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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62
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Thyagarajan A, Sahu RP. Potential Contributions of Antioxidants to Cancer Therapy: Immunomodulation and Radiosensitization. Integr Cancer Ther 2017. [PMID: 28627256 PMCID: PMC6041931 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416681639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants play important roles in the maintenance of cellular integrity and thus are critical in maintaining the homeostasis of the host immune system. A balance between the levels of pro-oxidants and antioxidants defines the cellular fate of genomic integrity via maintaining the redox status of the cells. An aberration in this balance modulates host immunity that affects normal cellular signaling pathways resulting in uncontrolled proliferation of cells leading to neocarcinogenesis. For decades, there have been scientific debates on the use of antioxidants for the treatment of human cancers. This review is focused on current updates on the implications of antioxidant use as adjuncts in cancer therapy with an emphasis on immunomodulation and radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi P. Sahu
- Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
- Ravi P. Sahu, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 230 Health Sciences Building, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435-0001, USA.
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63
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Cancer-immune therapy: restoration of immune response in cancer by immune cell modulation. THE NUCLEUS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-017-0194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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64
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Hurez V, Padrón ÁS, Svatek RS, Curiel TJ. Considerations for successful cancer immunotherapy in aged hosts. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:53-63. [PMID: 27690272 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is now experiencing unprecedented successes in treating various cancers based on new understandings of cancer immunopathogenesis. Nonetheless, although ageing is the biggest risk factor for cancer, the majority of cancer immunotherapy preclinical studies are conducted in young hosts. This review will explore age-related changes in immunity as they relate to cancer immune surveillance, immunopathogenesis and responses to immunotherapy. Although it is recognized that declining T cell function with age poses a great challenge to developing effective age-related cancer immunotherapies, examples of successful approaches to overcome this hurdle have been developed. Further, it is now recognized that immune functions do not simply decline with age, but rather change in ways than can be detrimental. For example, with age, specific immune cell populations with detrimental functions can become predominant (such as cells producing proinflammatory cytokines), suppressive cells can become more numerous or more suppressive (such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells), drugs can affect aged immune cells distinctly and the aged microenvironment is becoming recognized as a significant barrier to address. Key developments in these and other areas will be surveyed as they relate to cancer immunotherapy in aged hosts, and areas in need of more study will be assessed with some speculations for the future. We propose the term 'age-related immune dysfunction' (ARID) as best representative of age-associated changes in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hurez
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Á S Padrón
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - R S Svatek
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - T J Curiel
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,The Barshop Institute for Ageing and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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65
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Pogoda K, Pyszniak M, Rybojad P, Tabarkiewicz J. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells as a potent suppressor of tumor immunity in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4785-4794. [PMID: 28101225 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic option for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who do not qualify for surgery. In patients with advanced NSCLC, systemic immune suppression is frequently observed, therefore, researchers are investigating the tumor microenvironment for less invasive and more effective methods of treating lung cancer. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (Mo-MDSCs) are potent suppressors of tumor immunity; therefore, this population may significantly impede the application of immunotherapy to treat cancer. The present study evaluated the distribution of Mo-MDSCs and monocytes/macrophages in the peripheral blood, lymph nodes and tumor tissue of patients with NSCLC. Furthermore, the profiles of cytokines produced by these cell populations, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-12/23p40, IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), were compared. The cell populations and the expression of cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry after 4 h in culture with mitogens and Brefeldin A. Mo-MDSCs were more numerous than monocytes/macrophages in all tissues and their prevalence was highest in the peripheral blood; they expressed higher levels of TGF-β than monocytes/macrophages in all tissues and expression of TGF-β produced by Mo-MDSCs was higher in the blood than in lymph nodes and tumor tissues. A higher percentage of monocytes/macrophages was observed in lymph nodes and tumor tissues than in blood. CD14+HLA-DR+ cells also produced more IL-10 in lymph nodes than Mo-MDSCs and more IL-1β and TNF in all tissues. A higher prevalence of cluster of differentiation 14+ human leukocyte antigen-D related+ cells secreting IL-1β, TNF and IL-12/23p40 was observed in peripheral blood. Thus, the results of the current study support the statement that Mo-MDSCs and monocytes/macrophages participate in NSCLC induced immunosuppression, and is consistent with previous research into associations between the TGF-β signaling pathway and tumor cell invasion, motility and metastasis. The study also demonstrated that Mo-MDSCs promote tumor growth through their immunosuppressive activity. In addition, the profile of cytokines expressed by monocytes/macrophages suggests that this cell population may be associated with metastasis formation and angiogenesis promotion in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pogoda
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Pyszniak
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Rybojad
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-097 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Tabarkiewicz
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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66
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Liu Y, Pandeswara S, Dao V, Padrón Á, Drerup JM, Lao S, Liu A, Hurez V, Curiel TJ. Biphasic Rapamycin Effects in Lymphoma and Carcinoma Treatment. Cancer Res 2016; 77:520-531. [PMID: 27737881 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
mTOR drives tumor growth but also supports T-cell function, rendering the applications of mTOR inhibitors complex especially in T-cell malignancies. Here, we studied the effects of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin in mouse EL4 T-cell lymphoma. Typical pharmacologic rapamycin (1-8 mg/kg) significantly reduced tumor burden via direct suppression of tumor cell proliferation and improved survival in EL4 challenge independent of antitumor immunity. Denileukin diftitox (DD)-mediated depletion of regulatory T cells significantly slowed EL4 growth in vivo in a T-cell-dependent fashion. However, typical rapamycin inhibited T-cell activation and tumor infiltration in vivo and failed to boost DD treatment effects. Low-dose (LD) rapamycin (75 μg/kg) increased potentially beneficial CD44hiCD62L+ CD8+ central memory T cells in EL4 challenge, but without clinical benefit. LD rapamycin significantly enhanced DD treatment efficacy, but DD plus LD rapamycin treatment effects were independent of antitumor immunity. Instead, rapamycin upregulated EL4 IL2 receptor in vitro and in vivo, facilitating direct DD tumor cell killing. LD rapamycin augmented DD efficacy against B16 melanoma and a human B-cell lymphoma, but not against human Jurkat T-cell lymphoma or ID8agg ovarian cancer cells. Treatment effects correlated with IL2R expression, but mechanisms in some tumors were not fully defined. Overall, our data define a distinct, biphasic mechanisms of action of mTOR inhibition at doses that are clinically exploitable, including in T-cell lymphomas. Cancer Res; 77(2); 520-31. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Srilakshmi Pandeswara
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Vinh Dao
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Álvaro Padrón
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Justin M Drerup
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Shunhua Lao
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Aijie Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Vincent Hurez
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. .,Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
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67
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Malignant melanoma—The cradle of anti-neoplastic immunotherapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 106:25-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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68
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Patel P, Schutzer SE, Pyrsopoulos N. Immunobiology of hepatocarcinogenesis: Ways to go or almost there? World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2016; 7:242-255. [PMID: 27574562 PMCID: PMC4981764 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v7.i3.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is on the rise and occurs in the setting of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Though treatment modalities are available, mortality from this cancer remains high. Medical therapy with the utilization of biologic compounds such as the Food and Drug Administration approved sorafenib might be the only option that can increase survival. Immunotherapy, with modern pharmacologic developments, is a new frontier in cancer therapy and therefore the immunobiology of hepatocarcinogenesis is under investigation. This review will discuss current concepts of immunobiology in hepatocarcinogenesis along with current treatment modalities employing immunotherapy. The tumor microenvironment along with a variety of immune cells coexists and interplays to lead to tumorigenesis. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes including CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells along with regulatory T cells, tumor associated macrophages, tumor associated neutrophils, myeloid derived suppressor cells, and natural killer cells interact to actively provide anti-tumor or pro-tumor effects. Furthermore, oncogenic pathways such as Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway, phosphatidyl-3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target or rapamycin, Wnt/β-catenin, nuclear factor-κB and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 may lead to activation and proliferation of tumor cells and are also considered cornerstones in tumorigenesis. Immunotherapy directed at this complex milieu of cells has been showned to be successful in cancer treatment. The use of vaccines, adoptive cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor modulation are current options for therapy. Further translational research will shed light to concepts such as anti-tumor immunity which can add another alternative in the therapeutic armamentarium.
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69
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Hutcheson J, Balaji U, Porembka MR, Wachsmann MB, McCue PA, Knudsen ES, Witkiewicz AK. Immunologic and Metabolic Features of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Define Prognostic Subtypes of Disease. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3606-17. [PMID: 26858311 PMCID: PMC4947442 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is associated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment that supports the growth of the malignancy as well as immune system evasion. Here we examine markers of immunosuppression in PDA within the context of the glycolytic tumor microenvironment, their interrelationship with tumor biology and association with overall survival. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We utilized tissue microarrays consisting of 223 PDA patients annotated for clinical stage, tumor size, lymph node involvement, and survival. Expression of CD163, FoxP3, PD-L1, and MCT4 was assessed by IHC and statistical associations were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Multimarker subtypes were defined by random forest analysis. Mechanistic interactions were evaluated using PDA cell lines and models for myeloid differentiation. RESULTS PDA exhibits discrete expression of CD163, FoxP3, and PD-L1 with modest individual significance. However, combined low expression of these markers was associated with improved prognosis (P = 0.02). PDA tumor cells altered macrophage phenotype and function, which supported enhanced invasiveness in cell-based models. Lactate efflux mediated by MCT4 was associated with, and required for, the selective conversion of myeloid cells. Correspondingly, MCT4 expression correlated with immune markers in PDA cases, and increased the significance of prognostic subtypes (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS There exists a complex interplay between PDA tumor cells and the host immune system wherein immunosuppression is associated with negative outcome. MCT4 expression, representative of the glycolytic state of PDA, contributes to the phenotypic conversion of myeloid cells. Thus, metabolic status of PDA tumors is an important determinant of the immunosuppressive environment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3606-17. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Hutcheson
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Uthra Balaji
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Matthew R Porembka
- Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Megan B Wachsmann
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Peter A McCue
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erik S Knudsen
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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70
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Russo E, Taddei A, Ringressi MN, Ricci F, Amedei A. The interplay between the microbiome and the adaptive immune response in cancer development. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2016; 9:594-605. [PMID: 27366226 PMCID: PMC4913328 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x16635082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The data from different studies suggest a bacterial role in cancer genesis/progression, often modulating the local immune response. This is particularly so at the mucosal level where the bacterial presence is strong and the immune system is highly reactive. The epithelial surfaces of the body, such as the skin and mucosa, are colonized by a vast number of microorganisms, which represent the so-called normal microbiome. Normally the microbiome does not cause a proinflammatory response because the immune system has developed different strategies for the tolerance of commensal bacteria, but when these mechanisms are impaired or new pathogenic bacteria are introduced into this balanced system, the immune system reacts to the microbiome and can trigger tumor growth in the intestine. In this review, we discuss the potential role of the bacterial microbiome in carcinogenesis, focusing on the direct and indirect immune adaptive mechanisms, that the bacteria can modulate in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine (DCMT), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Ringressi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine (DCMT), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine – Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
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71
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Longuespée R, Casadonte R, Kriegsmann M, Pottier C, Picard de Muller G, Delvenne P, Kriegsmann J, De Pauw E. MALDI mass spectrometry imaging: A cutting-edge tool for fundamental and clinical histopathology. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:701-19. [PMID: 27188927 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Histopathological diagnoses have been done in the last century based on hematoxylin and eosin staining. These methods were complemented by histochemistry, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and molecular techniques. Mass spectrometry (MS) methods allow the thorough examination of various biocompounds in extracts and tissue sections. Today, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), and especially matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging links classical histology and molecular analyses. Direct mapping is a major advantage of the combination of molecular profiling and imaging. MSI can be considered as a cutting edge approach for molecular detection of proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, and small molecules in tissues. This review covers the detection of various biomolecules in histopathological sections by MSI. Proteomic methods will be introduced into clinical histopathology within the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Longuespée
- Proteopath GmbH, Trier, Germany.,Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, GIGA-Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles Pottier
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, Department of Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Philippe Delvenne
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, Department of Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jörg Kriegsmann
- Proteopath GmbH, Trier, Germany.,MVZ for Histology, Cytology and Molecular Diagnostics Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, GIGA-Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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72
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Huang Y, Ma C, Zhang Q, Ye J, Wang F, Zhang Y, Hunborg P, Varvares MA, Hoft DF, Hsueh EC, Peng G. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells have opposing roles in breast cancer progression and outcome. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17462-78. [PMID: 25968569 PMCID: PMC4627321 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cancer Immunoediting concept has provided critical insights suggesting dual functions of immune system during the cancer initiation and development. However, the dynamics and roles of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the pathogenesis of breast cancer remain unclear. Here we utilized two murine breast cancer models (4T1 and E0771) and demonstrated that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were increased and involved in immune responses, but with distinct dynamic trends in breast cancer development. In addition to cell number increases, CD4+ T cells changed their dominant subsets from Th1 in the early stages to Treg and Th17 cells in the late stages of the cancer progression. We also analyzed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration in primary breast cancer tissues from cancer patients. We observed that CD8+ T cells are the key effector cell population mediating effective anti-tumor immunity resulting in better clinical outcomes. In contrast, intra-tumoral CD4+ T cells have negative prognostic effects on breast cancer patient outcomes. These studies indicate that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells have opposing roles in breast cancer progression and outcomes, which provides new insights relevant for the development of effective cancer immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chunling Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Women and Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi City, Linyi, P. R. China.,Molecular Biology Experimental Center, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, P. R. China
| | - Qunyuan Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pamela Hunborg
- Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark A Varvares
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel F Hoft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eddy C Hsueh
- Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guangyong Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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73
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Mechanisms of immunological tolerance. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:324-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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74
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Ouyang S, Han G, Wu X, Jiang Z, Feng JM. Accelerated progression of Hodgkin's-like lymphomas in golli deficient SJL mice. Cell Immunol 2016; 302:41-49. [PMID: 26877250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneously occurring lymphomas in SJL mice have many pathological features similar to Hodgkin's lymphoma in humans. The malignant growth of the tumor cells is dependent on the support of host FoxP3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs). In this study, we report that the ablation of golli protein, a negative regulator of CRAC (calcium release activated calcium) channel, in SJL mice results in an accelerated progression of Hodgkin's-like lymphoma which is accompanied by a facilitated conversion of FoxP3(+) Treg cells. Our results suggest that golli protein might affect the progression of Hodgkin's-like lymphomas through regulating the induction of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suidong Ouyang
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Guangming Han
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Xiaochu Wu
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zhengfan Jiang
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ji-Ming Feng
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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75
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Munhoz T, Anai L, Fonseca D, Semolin L, Sueiro F, Tinucci-Costa M. Regulatory T cells in dogs with multicentric lymphoma: peripheral blood quantification at diagnosis and after initial stage chemotherapy. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic malignancy in dogs and one of the most frequent among all neoplastic diseases in this species. It can occur in several anatomical locations with distinct histological and immunophenotypes. Depending on the host immune response towards the tumor, prognosis information could be collected. Because its well established immunosuppressant, antitumor activity, the function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in canine neoplasias has been investigated. In this study, we sought to quantify, using flow cytometry, the Tregs subpopulation in peripheral blood of healthy dogs (10) and in those diagnosed with type-B (14) and type-T (8) multicentric lymphoma before (at diagnosis) and after the first cycle (5-week) of 19-week Madison-Wisconsin (MW) protocol of chemotherapy. Our results indicated that dogs with lymphoma showed higher percentage of Tregs (18,84±2,56) when compared to healthy dogs (4,70±0,50) (P<0,01). In addition, 5-week chemotherapy treatment reduced the Tregs subpopulation (7,54±1,08) to levels similar to control (4,70±0,50) (P>0,05). There was no difference in Tregs percentage between B-type (17,45±2,77) and T-type (21,27±5,27) lymphoma (P>0,05). With this, we conclude that canine lymphoma increases Tregs in the peripheral blood and the MW protocol of chemotherapy reduces this cell subpopulation to control values.
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76
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The immunobiology of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1387-406. [PMID: 26611648 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex and heterogeneous milieu in which multiple interactions occur between tumor and host cells. Immunosuppressive cells which are present in this microenvironment, such as regulatory T (Treg) cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), play an important role in tumor progression, via down-regulation of antitumor responses. MDSCs represent a heterogeneous group of cells originated from the myeloid lineage that are in the immature state. These cells markedly accumulate under pathologic conditions, such as cancer, infection, and inflammation, and use various mechanisms to inhibit both adaptive and innate immune responses. These immunosuppressive mechanisms include deprivation of T cells from essential amino acids, induction of oxidative stress, interference with viability and trafficking of T cells, induction of immunosuppressive cells, and finally polarizing immunity toward a tumor-promoting type 2 phenotype. In addition to suppression of antitumor immune responses, MDSCs can also enhance the tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. Previous studies have shown that increased frequency of MDSCs is related to the tumor progression. Moreover, various drugs that directly target these cells or reverse their suppressive activity can improve antitumor immune responses as well as increase the efficacy of immunotherapeutic intervention. In this review, we will first discuss on the immunobiology of MDSCs in an attempt to find the role of these cells in tumor progression and then discuss about therapeutic approaches to target these cells.
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77
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Yu T, Guo P, Wu Y, Zhao J, Wu L, Li C, Liu K, Zhu G, Chen J, Xu C, Cai Y, Liu J, Wang Z. The role of chemotherapy and operation on lymphocytes accumulation in peripheral blood obtained from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:698. [PMID: 26587366 PMCID: PMC4643067 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The "Cancer Immunoediting" concept has provided critical insights suggesting dual functions of immune system during the cancer initiation and development. However, the dynamics and roles of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, CD19(+) B cells, and CD56(+) NK cells in the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma during treatment remain unclear. A total of 43 patients with OSCC were divided into different groups according to different clinical factors (TNM staging, pathological patterns, age and genders) for assessment of relations with CD3(+)CD4(+) T cells, CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells, CD3(-)CD19(+) B cells and CD3(-)CD16(+)CD56(+) NK cells and different chemotherapy and radical operation. The expression of CD3(+)CD4(+) T cells were significantly increased in advanced tumor stage, large tumor size and positive lymph nodes metastasis, compared to that in early groups. The accumulation of CD3(+)CD4(+) T cells were significantly increased in OSCC patients received 2 cycles CT and radical operation. Moreover, the accumulation of CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells were significantly decreased in OSCC patients received 2 cycles CT and radical operation. The distribution of circulating CD3(-)CD19(+) B cells was related with radical operation in patients with OSCC. This study indicate that CD4(+) T cells have opposing roles in OSCC progression and outcomes, which provides new insights relevant for the development of effective cancer immunotherapeutic approaches. 2 cycles TP regime chemotherapy and radical therapy may contribute to increase the effects of anti-tumor immunity on patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Sec.4, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic Ofchina
| | - Ping Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Sec.4, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic Ofchina
| | - Yingying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic Ofchina
| | - Jiafeng Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Sec.4, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic Ofchina
| | - Lichun Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Sec.4, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic Ofchina
| | - Chunhua Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Sec.4, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic Ofchina
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Sec.4, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic Ofchina
| | - Guiquan Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Sec.4, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic Ofchina
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Sec.4, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic Ofchina
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Sec.4, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic Ofchina
| | - Yongcong Cai
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Sec.4, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic Ofchina
| | - Jifeng Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Sec.4, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic Ofchina
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Sec.4, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic Ofchina
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Jackson CM, Kochel CM, Nirschl CJ, Durham NM, Ruzevick J, Alme A, Francica BJ, Elias J, Daniels A, Dubensky TW, Lauer P, Brockstedt DG, Baxi EG, Calabresi PA, Taube JM, Pardo CA, Brem H, Pardoll DM, Lim M, Drake CG. Systemic Tolerance Mediated by Melanoma Brain Tumors Is Reversible by Radiotherapy and Vaccination. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1161-72. [PMID: 26490306 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune responses to antigens originating in the central nervous system (CNS) are generally attenuated, as collateral damage can have devastating consequences. The significance of this finding for the efficacy of tumor-targeted immunotherapies is largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The B16 murine melanoma model was used to compare cytotoxic responses against established tumors in the CNS and in the periphery. Cytokine analysis of tissues from brain tumor-bearing mice detected elevated TGFβ secretion from microglia and in the serum and TGFβ signaling blockade reversed tolerance of tumor antigen-directed CD8 T cells. In addition, a treatment regimen using focal radiation therapy and recombinant Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated for immunologic activity and efficacy in this model. RESULTS CNS melanomas were more tolerogenic than equivalently progressed tumors outside the CNS as antigen-specific CD8 T cells were deleted and exhibited impaired cytotoxicity. Tumor-bearing mice had elevated serum levels of TGFβ; however, blocking TGFβ signaling with a small-molecule inhibitor or a monoclonal antibody did not improve survival. Conversely, tumor antigen-specific vaccination in combination with focal radiation therapy reversed tolerance and improved survival. This treatment regimen was associated with increased polyfunctionality of CD8 T cells, elevated T effector to T regulatory cell ratios, and decreased TGFβ secretion from microglia. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that CNS tumors may impair systemic antitumor immunity and consequently accelerate cancer progression locally as well as outside the CNS, whereas antitumor immunity may be restored by combining vaccination with radiation therapy. These findings are hypothesis-generating and warrant further study in contemporary melanoma models as well as human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicholas M Durham
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jacob Ruzevick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angela Alme
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian J Francica
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jimmy Elias
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Daniels
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Emily G Baxi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janis M Taube
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carlos A Pardo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Charles G Drake
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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79
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Soysal SD, Tzankov A, Muenst SE. Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer. Pathobiology 2015; 82:142-52. [DOI: 10.1159/000430499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Zhang X, Kelaria S, Kerstetter J, Wang J. The functional and prognostic implications of regulatory T cells in colorectal carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 6:307-13. [PMID: 26029458 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2015.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the cornerstones for the immune system is the discovery of T-regulatory cells (Treg), which play an essential role in maintaining self regulation of the immune response to foreign threats. However, they may also interfere with the immune response to tumoral cells, for which reason much effort has been put into characterizing the molecular makeup of this T cell population. It has been shown that Tregs are increased in the peripheral blood of patients with many cancer types, and also enriched in the tumor sites. However, the significance of this phenomenon on prognosis is controversial, especially in colorectal carcinoma, one of the most common cancers worldwide and a major cause of cancer-related death. This literature review focuses on characterization of the Treg cells in colorectal cancer patients and its implications on the prognosis of this disease. In the end, the potential therapeutic strategies aimed at Treg modification are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Sonia Kelaria
- Department of Pathology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Justin Kerstetter
- Department of Pathology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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81
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Karimi S, Chattopadhyay S, Chakraborty NG. Manipulation of regulatory T cells and antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte-based tumour immunotherapy. Immunology 2015; 144:186-96. [PMID: 25243729 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most potent killing machinery in our immune system is the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). Since the possibility for self-destruction by these cells is high, many regulatory activities exist to prevent autoimmune destruction by these cells. A tumour (cancer) grows from the cells of the body and is tolerated by the body's immune system. Yet, it has been possible to generate tumour-associated antigen (TAA) -specific CTL that are also self-antigen specific in vivo, to achieve a degree of therapeutic efficacy. Tumour-associated antigen-specific T-cell tolerance through pathways of self-tolerance generation represents a significant challenge to successful immunotherapy. CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) T cells, referred to as T regulatory (Treg) cells, are selected in the thymus as controllers of the anti-self repertoire. These cells are referred to as natural T regulatory (nTreg) cells. According to the new consensus (Nature Immunology 2013; 14:307-308) these cells are to be termed as (tTreg). There is another class of CD4(+) Treg cells also involved in regulatory function in the periphery, also phenotypically CD4(+) CD25(±) , classified as induced Treg (iTreg) cells. These cells are to be termed as peripherally induced Treg (pTreg) cells. In vitro-induced Treg cells with suppressor function should be termed as iTreg. These different Treg cells differ in their requirements for activation and in their mode of action. The current challenges are to determine the degree of specificity of these Treg cells in recognizing the same TAA as the CTL population and to circumvent their regulatory constraints so as to achieve robust CTL responses against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Karimi
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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82
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Jin C, Liu Y, Zhu J, Xia T, Zhang B, Fei Y, Ma B, Ye J, Chen W. Recombinant Salmonella-based CEACAM6 and 4-1BBL vaccine enhances T-cell immunity and inhibits the development of colorectal cancer in rats: In vivo effects of vaccine containing 4-1BBL and CEACAM6. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2837-44. [PMID: 25872647 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of recombinant Salmonella (SL3261)-based CEACAM6 and 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) vaccine on the development of colorectal cancer in rats and the potential immune mechanisms involved. Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium (vaccine strain)‑carrying plasmids pIRES-CEACAM6, pIRES‑4‑1BBL and pIRES-CEACAM6-4-1BBL were constructed. The rats were administered subcutaneous injections of 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine (DMH) once a week for 18 weeks. Eight weeks after the first injection, the rats were divided into the pIRES/SL3261, pIRES-4-1BBL/SL3261, pIRES-CEACAM6/SL3261 and pIRES-CEACAM6-4-1BBL/SL3261 groups, and fed with corresponding vaccine strains. The rats were then sacrificed, the number of colon tumors were recorded, and the Dukes' stage were evaluated. CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, FOXP3 and CEACAM6 expression in tumor tissues was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Compared with the expression levels in the pIRES/SL3261 group, similar levels of CD3+, CD8+ and CD56+ expression were identified for the pIRES-CEACAM6/SL3261 group of rats. Additionally, a comparable number of tumors was detected in the pIRES-4-1BBL/SL3261 and pIRES-CEACAM6/SL3261 groups. By contrast, a significantly fewer number of tumors, albeit with a higher density of CD3+CD8+, CD56+ and a lower density of Foxp3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) cells was detected in the pIRES-CEACAM6-4-1BBL/SL3261 group of rats. The results indicated that vaccination with recombinant attenuated Salmonella harboring the CEACAM6 and 4-1BBL gene efficiently increased the number of CD3+CD8+ TIL and NK cells, decreased the number of FOXP3 cells and inhibited the development of DMH-induced colorectal cancer in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Baonan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Hospital of TCM, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Fei
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi Hospital of TCM, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Surgery, Huzhou Center Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Weichang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Feng E, Gao H, Su W, Yu C. Immunotherapy of rat glioma without accumulation of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1498-506. [PMID: 25657686 PMCID: PMC4308782 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.19.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy may be used for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme; however, the induced immune response is inadequate when either T cells or dendritic cells are used alone. In this study, we established a novel vaccine procedure in rats, using dendritic cells pulsed with C6 tumor cell lysates in combination with adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes from syngenic donors. On day 21 after tumor inoculation, all the rats were sacrificed, the brains were harvested for calculation of glioma volume, cytolytic T lymphocyte responses were measured by cytotoxic assay, and the frequency of regulatory T lymphocytes (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+) in the peripheral blood was investigated by flow cytometric analysis. The survival rate of rats bearing C6 glioma was observed. Results showed that the co-immunization strategy had significant anti-tumor potential against the pre-established C6 glioma, and induced a strong cytolytic T lymphocyte response in rats. The frequency of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T lymphocytes was significantly decreased following the combination therapy, and the rats survived for a longer period. Experimental findings indicate that the combined immunotherapy of glioma cell lysate-pulsed dendritic cell vaccination following adoptive transfer of T cells can effectively inhibit the growth of gliomas in rats, boost anti-tumor immunity and produce a sustained immune response while avoiding the accumulation of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enshan Feng
- Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Haili Gao
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Wei Su
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Chunjiang Yu
- Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
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84
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Clavijo-Salomon MA, Ramos RN, Crippa A, Pizzo CR, Bergami-Santos PC, Barbuto JAM. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells reflect the immune functional status of a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma patient: could it be a general phenomenon? Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:161-71. [PMID: 25314913 PMCID: PMC11029287 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC), though associated with a hereditary cancer syndrome, has a good prognosis after tumor removal. The lack of recurrence could be related to the absence of immune system compromise in patients or to an effective functional recovery of immune functions after tumor removal. Thus, we evaluated monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) in a 34-year-old male who had a ChRCC, before and after tumor removal. METHODS CD14(+) monocytes from the patient's peripheral blood, 1 week before and 3 months after partial nephrectomy, were differentiated in vitro into immature and mature Mo-DCs. These were harvested, analyzed by flow cytometry and used as stimulators of allogeneic T cells. Supernatants from cultures were collected for cytokine analysis. RESULTS Tumor removal was associated with decreased expression of PD-L1, but also, surprisingly, of CD205, HLA-DR, CD80 and CD86 by Mo-DCs. Also, Mo-DC's ability to stimulate T cell proliferation increased, along with IL-2Rα expression and IFN-γ production. Simultaneously, the patients' Mo-DCs ability to induce Foxp3(+) T cells decreased after surgery. One-year postoperative follow-up shows no tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION The presence of a ChRCC affected Mo-DCs generated in vitro, which recovered their function after tumor removal. This indicates that the favorable outcome observed after ChRCC resection may be due to the restoration of immunocompetence. Furthermore, since functional alterations described for DCs within tumors may be also found in Mo-DCs, their accurate functional analysis-not restricted to the determination of their surface immunophenotype-may provide an indirect "window" to the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Clavijo-Salomon
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1730, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo N. Ramos
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1730, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Alexandre Crippa
- Section of Uro-Oncology of the São Paulo State Cancer Institute - ICESP, Division of Urology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Celia R. Pizzo
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1730, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Patricia C. Bergami-Santos
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1730, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Jose Alexandre M. Barbuto
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1730, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900 Brazil
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center NUCEL-NETCEM, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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85
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Lin ZW, Wu LX, Xie Y, Ou X, Tian PK, Liu XP, Min J, Wang J, Chen RF, Chen YJ, Liu C, Ye H, Ou QJ. The expression levels of transcription factors T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt and FOXP3 in peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) of patients with liver cancer and their significance. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:7-16. [PMID: 25552913 PMCID: PMC4278870 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression of transcriptional factors (TFs) T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt and FOXP in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to evaluate the correlation between the imbalances of Th1/Th2, Th17/Treg at the expression levels and liver cancer Methods: The peripheral venous blood was drawn from 20 HCC-patients (HCC-group) and 20 health participants (C-group). The expression levels of Th1, Th2 and Th17 and the major Treg-specific TFs T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt and FOXP3 in the PBMC were measured with quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR). RESULTS The mRNA level of Th1-specific TF T-bet in HCC-group was significantly lower than that of C-group (52.34±34.07 VS 104.01±56.00, P<0.01); the mRNA level of Th2-specifc TF, GATA-3, in HCC group was significantly higher than that in C-group (1.38±1.15 VS 0.58±0.65, P<0.05) and T-bet mRNA/GATA-3 mRNA ratio was significantly lower in HCC-group than in C-group (86.01±116.71 VS 461.88±708.81, P<0.05). The mRNA level of Th17-specific TF RORγt in HCC-group was significantly higher than that of C-group (72.32±32.82 VS 33.07±22.86, P<0.01). Treg-specific TF FOXP3 mRNA level was significant higher in HCC-group than in C-group (3.17±1.59 VS 1.39±1.13, P<0.01) CONCLUSION: T-bet mRNA level was reduced whereas GATA-3 mRNA level was increased and T-bet/GATA-3 ratio was significantly reduced in PBMC, indicating that Th1/Th2 ratio was of imbalance at TF levels in PBMC of HCC, displaying Th2 thrift phenomena. The mRNA levels of RORγt and FOXP3 in PBMC of HCC were significantly increased, indicating the existence of a predominant phenomenon of Th17- and Treg-expressing PBMC in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Wei Lin
- 1. Department of HepatobiliaryLaparoscope-Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China
| | - Li-Xuan Wu
- 2. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Central People Hospital of Huizhou City, Huizhou, Guangdong, China 516001
| | - Yong Xie
- 1. Department of HepatobiliaryLaparoscope-Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China
| | - Xi Ou
- 1. Department of HepatobiliaryLaparoscope-Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China
| | - Pei-Kai Tian
- 1. Department of HepatobiliaryLaparoscope-Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liu
- 1. Department of HepatobiliaryLaparoscope-Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China
| | - Jun Min
- 3. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Jie Wang
- 3. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Ru-Fu Chen
- 3. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Ya-Jing Chen
- 3. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Chao Liu
- 3. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Hua Ye
- 3. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Qing-Jia Ou
- 3. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
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Farooque A, Singh N, Adhikari JS, Afrin F, Dwarakanath BSR. Enhanced antitumor immunity contributes to the radio-sensitization of ehrlich ascites tumor by the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108131. [PMID: 25248151 PMCID: PMC4172770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), an inhibitor of glycolysis differentially enhances the radiation and chemotherapeutic drug induced cell death in cancer cells in vitro, while the local tumor control (tumor regression) following systemic administration of 2-DG and focal irradiation of the tumor results in both complete (cure) and partial response in a fraction of the tumor bearing mice. In the present studies, we investigated the effects of systemically administered 2-DG and focal irradiation of the tumor on the immune system in Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) bearing Strain "A" mice. Markers of different immune cells were analyzed by immune-flow cytometry and secretary cytokines by ELISA, besides monitoring tumor growth. Increase in the expression of innate (NK and monocytes) and adaptive CD4+cells, and a decrease in B cells (CD19) have been observed after the combined treatment, suggestive of activation of anti-tumor immune response. Interestingly, immature dendritic cells were found to be down regulated, while their functional markers CD86 and MHC II were up regulated in the remaining dendritic cells following the combination treatment. Similarly, decrease in the CD4(+) naïve cells with concomitant increase in activated CD4+ cells corroborated the immune activation. Further, a shift from Th2 and Th17 to Th1 besides a decrease in inflammatory cytokines was also observed in the animals showing complete response (cure; tumor free survival). This shift was also complimented by respective antibody class switching followed by the combined treatment. The immune activation or alteration in the homeostasis favoring antitumor immune response may be due to depletion in T regulatory cells (CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+)). Altogether, these results suggest that early differential immune activation is responsible for the heterogenous response to the combined treatment. Taken together, these studies for the first time provided insight into the additional mechanisms underlying radio-sensitization by 2-DG in vivo by unraveling its potential as an immune-modulator besides direct effects on the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Farooque
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, India
| | - Niharika Singh
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, India
| | - Jawahar Singh Adhikari
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, India
| | - Farhat Afrin
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard University, Delhi, India
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T-cell TGF-β signaling abrogation restricts medulloblastoma progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E3458-66. [PMID: 25082897 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1412489111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell secretion of TGF-β is a potent mechanism for immune evasion. However, little is known about how central nervous system tumors guard against immune eradication. We sought to determine the impact of T-cell TGF-β signaling blockade on progression of medulloblastoma (MB), the most common pediatric brain tumor. Genetic abrogation of T-cell TGF-β signaling mitigated tumor progression in the smoothened A1 (SmoA1) transgenic MB mouse. T regulatory cells were nearly abolished and antitumor immunity was mediated by CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes. To define the CD8 T-cell subpopulation responsible, primed CD8 T cells were adoptively transferred into tumor-bearing immunocompromised SmoA1 recipients. This led to generation of CD8(+)/killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 high (KLRG1(hi))/IL-7R(lo) short-lived effector cells that expressed granzyme B at the tumor. These results identify a cellular immune mechanism whereby TGF-β signaling blockade licenses the T-cell repertoire to kill pediatric brain tumor cells.
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88
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Hagemann UB, Gunnarsson L, Géraudie S, Scheffler U, Griep RA, Reiersen H, Duncan AR, Kiprijanov SM. Fully human antagonistic antibodies against CCR4 potently inhibit cell signaling and chemotaxis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103776. [PMID: 25080123 PMCID: PMC4117600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) represents a potentially important target for cancer immunotherapy due to its expression on tumor infiltrating immune cells including regulatory T cells (Tregs) and on tumor cells in several cancer types and its role in metastasis. METHODOLOGY Using phage display, human antibody library, affinity maturation and a cell-based antibody selection strategy, the antibody variants against human CCR4 were generated. These antibodies effectively competed with ligand binding, were able to block ligand-induced signaling and cell migration, and demonstrated efficient killing of CCR4-positive tumor cells via ADCC and phagocytosis. In a mouse model of human T-cell lymphoma, significant survival benefit was demonstrated for animals treated with the newly selected anti-CCR4 antibodies. SIGNIFICANCE For the first time, successful generation of anti- G-protein coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) antibodies using human non-immune library and phage display on GPCR-expressing cells was demonstrated. The generated anti-CCR4 antibodies possess a dual mode of action (inhibition of ligand-induced signaling and antibody-directed tumor cell killing). The data demonstrate that the anti-tumor activity in vivo is mediated, at least in part, through Fc-receptor dependent effector mechanisms, such as ADCC and phagocytosis. Anti-CC chemokine receptor 4 antibodies inhibiting receptor signaling have potential as immunomodulatory antibodies for cancer.
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89
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Gasparoto TH, de Souza Malaspina TS, Damante JH, de Mello EF, Ikoma MRV, Garlet GP, Costa MRSN, Cavassani KA, da Silva JS, Campanelli AP. Regulatory T cells in the actinic cheilitis. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:754-60. [PMID: 25060152 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic cheilitis (AC) is an oral potentially malignant lesion which is the counterpart of actinic keratosis of the skin and has potential to develop into squamous cell carcinoma. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a critical role in modulating the antitumor immune responses. The presence of regulatory T cells in potentially malignant lesions has not been described. We chose investigate the involvement of regulatory T cells in potentially malignant lesions. METHODS The frequency, phenotype, and activity of CD4+CD25+ T cells isolated from blood and lesion of AC patients were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Data were compared with samples from healthy subjects. RESULTS The frequency and suppressor activity of circulating CD4+CD25+ T cells was similar in AC patients and control subjects. However, the frequencies of IL-10-positive Tregs were higher in AC patients, and these cells inhibited interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and increased interleukin (IL)-10 productions in co-cultures. Furthermore, CD4+CD25+ T cells accumulate in AC lesions. Lesions-derived regulatory T cells suppressed lymphocyte proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Moreover, high levels of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and low IFN-γ were detected in the potentially malignant lesions. CONCLUSION Therefore, our data show that Tregs accumulate in AC lesions, and these cells could be suppressing immune responses in a potentially malignant microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Helena Gasparoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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90
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Ali K, Soond DR, Pineiro R, Hagemann T, Pearce W, Lim EL, Bouabe H, Scudamore CL, Hancox T, Maecker H, Friedman L, Turner M, Okkenhaug K, Vanhaesebroeck B. Inactivation of PI(3)K p110δ breaks regulatory T-cell-mediated immune tolerance to cancer. Nature 2014; 510:407-411. [PMID: 24919154 PMCID: PMC4501086 DOI: 10.1038/nature13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors against the p110δ isoform of phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) have shown remarkable therapeutic efficacy in some human leukaemias. As p110δ is primarily expressed in leukocytes, drugs against p110δ have not been considered for the treatment of solid tumours. Here we report that p110δ inactivation in mice protects against a broad range of cancers, including non-haematological solid tumours. We demonstrate that p110δ inactivation in regulatory T cells unleashes CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells and induces tumour regression. Thus, p110δ inhibitors can break tumour-induced immune tolerance and should be considered for wider use in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Ali
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Dalya R Soond
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Roberto Pineiro
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Thorsten Hagemann
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Wayne Pearce
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ee Lyn Lim
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Hicham Bouabe
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Cheryl L Scudamore
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Timothy Hancox
- Piramed Pharma, 957 Buckingham Avenue, Slough, Berkshire, SL1 4NL, UK
| | - Heather Maecker
- Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, USA
| | - Lori Friedman
- Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, USA
| | - Martin Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London WC1E 6DD, UK
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91
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Tian J, Rui K, Wang S. Roles of miRNAs in regulating the differentiation and maturation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:151-3. [PMID: 24916610 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulate in tumor-bearing hosts and play an essential role in tumor-associated immunosuppression, which hampers effective immunotherapeutic approaches. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate target gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. miRNAs are involved in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and maturation, and abnormal expression and function of miRNAs are recognized in various human diseases. Accumulating evidence shows that various miRNAs modulate the development and differentiation of myeloid cells, which implies their possible role in the differentiation of MDSCs into mature myeloid cells. Our recent studies have found that the classical myeloid differentiation related gene runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1) and target nuclear factor 1/A (NFI-A) are modulated during the differentiation and maturation of MDSCs while six miRNAs are found to possibly regulate these two targets by miRNA array analysis. Thus, we hypothesize that the predicted miRNAs may modulate the target genes to regulate the differentiation and maturation of MDSCs. Further studies will provide a novel potential approach for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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92
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Poutahidis T, Kleinewietfeld M, Erdman SE. Gut microbiota and the paradox of cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2014; 5:157. [PMID: 24778636 PMCID: PMC3985000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is recently shown that beneficial environmental microbes stimulate integrated immune and neuroendocrine factors throughout the body, consequently modulating regulatory T-lymphocyte phenotypes, maintaining systemic immune balance, and determining the fate of preneoplastic lesions toward regression while sustaining whole body good health. Stimulated by a gut microbiota-centric systemic homeostasis hypothesis, we set out to explore the influence of the gut microbiome to explain the paradoxical roles of regulatory T-lymphocytes in cancer development and growth. This paradigm shift places cancer prevention and treatment into a new broader context of holobiont engineering to cultivate a tumor-suppressive macroenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofilos Poutahidis
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA , USA ; Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA ; Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , Cambridge, MA , USA ; Faculty of Medicine, Dresden University of Technology (TUD) , Dresden , Germany
| | - Susan E Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA , USA
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93
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Sim GC, Martin-Orozco N, Jin L, Yang Y, Wu S, Washington E, Sanders D, Lacey C, Wang Y, Vence L, Hwu P, Radvanyi L. IL-2 therapy promotes suppressive ICOS+ Treg expansion in melanoma patients. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:99-110. [PMID: 24292706 DOI: 10.1172/jci46266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose (HD) IL-2 therapy in patients with cancer increases the general population of Tregs, which are positive for CD4, CD25, and the Treg-specific marker Foxp3. It is unknown whether specific subsets of Tregs are activated and expanded during HD IL-2 therapy or whether activation of any particular Treg subset correlates with clinical outcome. Here, we evaluated Treg population subsets that were induced in patients with melanoma following HD IL-2 therapy. We identified a Treg population that was positive for CD4, CD25, Foxp3, and the inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS). This Treg population increased more than any other lymphocyte subset during HD IL-2 therapy and had an activated Treg phenotype, as indicated by high levels of CD39, CD73, and TGF-β. ICOS(+) Tregs were the most proliferative lymphocyte population in the blood after IL-2 therapy. Patients with melanoma with enhanced expansion of ICOS(+) Tregs in blood following the first cycle of HD IL-2 therapy had worse clinical outcomes than patients with fewer ICOS(+) Tregs. However, there was no difference in total Treg expansion between HD IL-2 responders and nonresponders. These data suggest that increased expansion of the ICOS(+) Treg population following the first cycle of HD IL-2 therapy may be predictive of clinical outcome.
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94
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Xia S, Wei J, Wang J, Sun H, Zheng W, Li Y, Sun Y, Zhao H, Zhang S, Wen T, Zhou X, Gao JX, Wang P, Wu Z, Zhao L, Yin Z. A requirement of dendritic cell-derived interleukin-27 for the tumor infiltration of regulatory T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 95:733-742. [PMID: 24443555 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0713371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tregs (Foxp3+CD4+) are enriched in tumors to foster a tolerant microenvironment that inhibits antitumor immune response. IL-27 is reported to regulate the development and function of Tregs in vitro and in vivo; however, the effects of endogenous IL-27 on Tregs in the tumor microenvironment remain elusive. We demonstrated that in the absence of DC-derived IL-27, Tregs were decreased significantly in transplanted B16 melanoma, transplanted EL-4 lymphoma, and MCA-induced fibrosarcoma by using IL-27p28 conditional KO mice. Further studies revealed that IL-27 promoted the expression of CCL22, which is established to mediate the recruitment of peripheral Tregs into tumors. Tumor-associated DCs were identified as the major source of CCL22 in tumor sites, and IL-27 could induce CCL22 expression in an IL-27R-dependent manner. Intratumoral reconstitution of rmCCL22 or rmIL-27, but not rmIL-27p28, significantly restored the tumor infiltration of Tregs in IL-27p28 KO mice. Correlated with a decreased number of Tregs, tumor-infiltrating CD4 T cells were found to produce much more IFN-γ in IL-27p28 KO mice, which highlighted the physiological importance of Tregs in suppressing an antitumor immune response. Overall, our results identified a novel mechanism of action of IL-27 on Tregs in the context of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Jun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Jingya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Huayan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Wenting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Yangguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Yanbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Huiyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Ti Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Xinglong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Jian-Xin Gao
- Laboratory of Tumorigenesis and Immunity, Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Puyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Zhenzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Liqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Zhinan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; and
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95
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Hamano R, Baba T, Sasaki S, Tomaru U, Ishizu A, Kawano M, Yamagishi M, Mukaida N. Ag and IL-2 immune complexes efficiently expand Ag-specific Treg cells that migrate in response to chemokines and reduce localized immune responses. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1005-15. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Hamano
- Division of Rheumatology; Department of Internal Medicine; Kanazawa University Hospital; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Tomohisa Baba
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation; Cancer Research Institute; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Soichiro Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation; Cancer Research Institute; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Utano Tomaru
- Department of Pathology/Pathophysiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizu
- Faculty of Health Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawano
- Division of Rheumatology; Department of Internal Medicine; Kanazawa University Hospital; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Kanazawa University Hospital; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation; Cancer Research Institute; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
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96
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Ellsworth S, Balmanoukian A, Kos F, Nirschl CJ, Nirschl TR, Grossman SA, Luznik L, Drake CG. Sustained CD4 + T cell-driven lymphopenia without a compensatory IL-7/IL-15 response among high-grade glioma patients treated with radiation and temozolomide. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e27357. [PMID: 24790790 PMCID: PMC4004618 DOI: 10.4161/onci.27357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged lymphopenia correlating with decreased survival commonly occurs among glioma patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) treatment. To better understand the pathophysiology of this phenomenon, we prospectively monitored serum cytokine levels and lymphocyte subsets in 15 high-grade glioma patients undergoing combined radiation and TMZ (referred to as RT/TMZ) treatment. Sufficient data for analysis were acquired from 11 of the patients initially enrolled. Lymphocyte phenotyping data were obtained using cytofluorometric analysis and serum cytokine levels were measured using the a multiplex bead-based assays. Total lymphocyte counts (TLCs) were > 1000 cells per μL peripheral blood in 10/11 patients at baseline, but dropped significantly after treatment. Specifically, after RT/TMZ therapy, the TLCs were found to be < 500 cells/μL in 2/11 patients, 500-1000 cells/μL in 7/11 patients, and > 1000 cells/μL in the remaining 2 patients. Among residual mononuclear blood cells, we observed a proportional drop in B and CD4+ T cells but not in CD8+ T lymphocytes. Natural killer cells remained to near-to-baseline levels and there was a transient and slight (insignificant) increase in regulatory T cells (Tregs). The circulating levels of IL-7 and IL-15 remained low despite marked drops in both the total and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts. Thus, patients with malignant glioma undergoing RT/TMZ treatment exhibit a marked decline in TLCs, affecting both CD4+ T cells and B lymphocytes, in the absence of a compensatory increase in interleukin-7 levels. The failure to mount an appropriate homeostatic cytokine response may be responsible for the prolonged lymphopenia frequently observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Ellsworth
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ani Balmanoukian
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | - Christopher J Nirschl
- Department of Medical Oncology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Thomas R Nirschl
- Department of Medical Oncology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Stuart A Grossman
- Department of Medical Oncology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Leo Luznik
- Department of Medical Oncology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Charles G Drake
- Department of Medical Oncology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
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97
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Türbachova I, Schwachula T, Vasconcelos I, Mustea A, Baldinger T, Jones KA, Bujard H, Olek A, Olek K, Gellhaus K, Braicu I, Könsgen D, Fryer C, Ravot E, Hellwag A, Westerfeld N, Gruss OJ, Meissner M, Hasan MT, Weber M, Hoffmüller U, Zimmermann S, Loddenkemper C, Mahner S, Babel N, Berns E, Adams R, Zeilinger R, Baron U, Vergote I, Maughan T, Marme F, Dickhaus T, Sehouli J, Olek S. The cellular ratio of immune tolerance (immunoCRIT) is a definite marker for aggressiveness of solid tumors and may explain tumor dissemination patterns. Epigenetics 2013; 8:1226-35. [PMID: 24071829 DOI: 10.4161/epi.26334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system is involved in tumor establishment and aggressiveness. Tumors of the ovaries, an immune-privileged organ, spread via transceolomic routes and rarely to distant organs. This is contrary to tumors of non-immune privileged organs, which often disseminate hematogenously to distant organs. Epigenetics-based immune cell quantification allows direct comparison of the immune status in benign and malignant tissues and in blood. Here, we introduce the "cellular ratio of immune tolerance" (immunoCRIT) as defined by the ratio of regulatory T cells to total T lymphocytes. The immunoCRIT was analyzed on 273 benign tissue samples of colorectal, bronchial, renal and ovarian origin as well as in 808 samples from primary colorectal, bronchial, mammary and ovarian cancers. ImmunoCRIT is strongly increased in all cancerous tissues and gradually augmented strictly dependent on tumor aggressiveness. In peripheral blood of ovarian cancer patients, immunoCRIT incrementally increases from primary diagnosis to disease recurrence, at which distant metastases frequently occur. We postulate that non-pathological immunoCRIT values observed in peripheral blood of immune privileged ovarian tumor patients are sufficient to prevent hematogenous spread at primary diagnosis. Contrarily, non-immune privileged tumors establish high immunoCRIT in an immunological environment equivalent to the bloodstream and thus spread hematogenously to distant organs. In summary, our data suggest that the immunoCRIT is a powerful marker for tumor aggressiveness and disease dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander Mustea
- Clinics for Obstetrics and Gynecology; University Greifswald; Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Katherine A Jones
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory; The Salk Institute for Biological Studies; La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Hermann Bujard
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie Heidelberg; INF 282; University Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Olek
- Labor für Abstammungsbegutachtung; Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ioana Braicu
- Clinics for Obstetrics and Gynecology; University Medicine Charité Campus Virchow; Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominique Könsgen
- Clinics for Obstetrics and Gynecology; University Greifswald; Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Oliver J Gruss
- DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz; Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie Heidelberg; University Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Meissner
- Division of Infection and Immunity; Institute of Biomedical Life Sciences; Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology; Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre; University of Glasgow; Glasgow, UK
| | - Mazahir T Hasan
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology; Max Planck Institute for Medical Research; Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Gynecology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Nephrologie und internistische Intensivmedizin; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow; Berlin, Germany
| | - Els Berns
- Erasmus University Medical Center- Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center Dept Medical Oncology; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Zeilinger
- Molecular Oncology Group; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ignace Vergote
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Leuven; Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Maughan
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology; University of Oxford; Oxford, UK
| | - Frederik Marme
- Department of Gynecology; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jalid Sehouli
- Clinics for Obstetrics and Gynecology; University Medicine Charité Campus Virchow; Berlin, Germany
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98
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Prognostic value of regulatory T cells in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Int J Clin Oncol 2013; 19:753-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-013-0615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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99
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JEONG MINHO, LEE CHANGMIN, LEE SANGWHA, SEO SUYEONG, SEO MINJEONG, KANG BYOUNGWON, JEONG YONGKEE, CHOI YOOJIN, YANG KWANGMO, JO WOLSOON. Cordycepin-enriched Cordyceps militaris induces immunomodulation and tumor growth delay in mouse-derived breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1996-2002. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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100
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Droeser RA, Obermann EC, Wolf AM, Wallner S, Wolf D, Tzankov A. Negligible Nuclear FOXP3 Expression in Breast Cancer Epithelial Cells Compared With FOXP3-Positive T Cells. Clin Breast Cancer 2013; 13:264-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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