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Han F, Choi PH, Ye CX, Grell Y, Xie X, Ivlev SI, Chen S, Meggers E. Cyclometalated Chiral-at-Ruthenium Catalyst for Enantioselective Ring-Closing C(sp 3)–H Carbene Insertion to Access Chiral Flavanones. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Han
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Peter H. Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Chen-Xi Ye
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Yvonne Grell
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, Marburg 35043, Germany
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Flavonoids exert potential in the management of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Pregnancy Hypertens 2022; 29:72-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bachheti RK, Worku LA, Gonfa YH, Zebeaman M, Deepti, Pandey DP, Bachheti A. Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases with Plant Phytochemicals: A Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:5741198. [PMID: 35832515 PMCID: PMC9273387 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5741198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the world's leading killers, accounting for 30% deaths. According to the WHO report, CVDs kill 17.9 million people per year, and there will be 22.2 million deaths from CVD in 2030. The death rates rise as people get older. Regarding gender, the death rate of women by CVD (51%) is higher than that of men (42%). To decrease and prevent CVD, most people rely on traditional medicine originating from the plant (phytochemicals) in addition to or in preference to commercially available drugs to recover from their illness. The CVD therapy efficacy of 92 plants, including 15 terrestrial plants, is examined. Some medicinal plants well known to treat CVD are, Daucus carota, Nerium oleander, Amaranthus Viridis, Ginkgo biloba, Terminalia arjuna, Picrorhiza kurroa, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Tinospora cordifolia, Mucuna pruriens, Hydrocotyle asiatica, Bombax ceiba, and Andrographis paniculate. The active phytochemicals found in these plants are flavonoids, polyphenols, plant sterol, plant sulphur compounds, and terpenoids. A general flavonoid mechanism of action is to prevent low-density lipoprotein oxidation, which promotes vasodilatation. Plant sterols prevent CVD by decreasing cholesterol absorption in the blood. Plant sulphur compound also prevent CVD by activation of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inhibition of cholesterol synthesis. Quinone decreases the risk of CVD by increasing ATP production in mitochondria while terpenoids by decreasing atherosclerotic lesion in the aortic valve. Although several physiologically active compounds with recognized biological effects have been found in various plants because of the increased prevalence of CVD, appropriate CVD prevention and treatment measures are required. More research is needed to understand the mechanism and specific plants' phytochemicals responsible for treating CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Bachheti
- Bioprocess and Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Limenew Abate Worku
- Bioprocess and Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yilma Hunde Gonfa
- Bioprocess and Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Computational Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Zebeaman
- Bioprocess and Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Deepti
- Department of Environment Science, Graphic Era University, Dehradun-248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - D. P. Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Government P. G. College, Uttarkashi, India
| | - Archana Bachheti
- Department of Environment Science, Graphic Era University, Dehradun-248002, Uttarakhand, India
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Analysis of Major Polyphenolic Compounds of Cydonia oblonga Miller (Quince) Fruit Extract by UPLC-MS/MS and Its Effect on Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9070167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cydonia oblonga miller (quince) plant serves as a potential folk medicine for treating hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in China. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted on the polyphenolic profile and anti-adipogenic effect of quince fruit grown in China. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the quince fruit extract’s major phenolic compounds, evaluate their antioxidant activity, and examine their effect on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. A rapid and sensitive analytical method was established for the simultaneous determination of major polyphenolic compounds by using ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). Among the 10 compounds, the cryptochlorgenic acid was noticed as the most abundant compound of both purified (242.44 ± 0.73 µg/mg dw) and unpurified extract (3.37 ± 0.01 µg/mg dw) followed by quercetin 3-rutinoside and chlorogenic acid. Alternatively, both extracts possessed a high quantity of phenolic acids (purified extract = 483.10 ± 5.16 µg/mg dw and unpurified extract = 7.89 ± 0.02 µg/mg dw). The purified extract exhibited a strong antioxidant capacity (DPPH: EC50 = 3.316 µg/mL, ABTS: EC50 = 36.38 µg/mL) as compared to the unpurified extract. Additionally, our results also showed that the extract at 100 µg/mL significantly suppressed the preadipocyte differentiation and decreased the lipid droplets up to 69% in mature adipocytes. The present study highlights an accurate and fast detection method for quince fruit extract polyphenolic compounds with its antioxidant and antiadipogenic effects. The study also provides the necessary information for the rational development and utilization of quince fruit extract as a source of phytochemicals.
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Amoah I, Lim JJ, Osei EO, Arthur M, Tawiah P, Oduro IN, Aduama-Larbi MS, Lowor ST, Rush E. Effect of Cocoa Beverage and Dark Chocolate Consumption on Blood Pressure in Those with Normal and Elevated Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:1962. [PMID: 35804776 PMCID: PMC9265772 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoa is a major dietary source of polyphenols, including flavanols, which have been associated with reduced blood pressure (BP). While earlier systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown significant effects of cocoa consumption on systolic BP, limitations include small sample sizes and study heterogeneity. Questions regarding food matrix and dose of polyphenols, flavanols, or epicatechins remain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of ≥2 weeks of cocoa consumption as a beverage or dark chocolate in those with normal or elevated (< or ≥130 mmHg) systolic BP measured in the fasted state or over 24-h. A systematic search conducted on PubMed and Cochrane Library databases up to 26 February 2022 yielded 31 suitable articles. Independent of baseline BP, cocoa consumption for ≥2 weeks was associated with reductions in systolic and diastolic BP (p < 0.05, all). Compared with cocoa, chocolate lowered the weighted mean of resting systolic BP (−3.94 mmHg, 95% CI [−5.71, −2.18]) more than cocoa beverage (−1.54 mmHg, 95% CI [−3.08, 0.01]). When the daily dose of flavanols was ≥900 mg or of epicatechin ≥100 mg, the effect was greater. Future, adequately powered studies are required to determine the optimal dose for a clinically significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Amoah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (E.O.O.); (M.A.)
| | - Jia Jiet Lim
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand
| | - Emmanuel Ofori Osei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (E.O.O.); (M.A.)
| | - Michael Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (E.O.O.); (M.A.)
| | - Phyllis Tawiah
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
| | - Ibok Nsa Oduro
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
| | | | - Samuel Tetteh Lowor
- Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Akim-Tafo P.O. Box 8, Ghana; (M.S.A.-L.); (S.T.L.)
| | - Elaine Rush
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- Riddet Centre of Research Excellence, Palmerston North 0632, New Zealand
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AlKahlout A, Fardoun M, Mesmar J, Abdallah R, Badran A, Nasser SA, Baydoun S, Kobeissy F, Shaito A, Iratni R, Muhammad K, Baydoun E, Eid AH. Origanum syriacum L. Attenuates the Malignant Phenotype of MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:922196. [PMID: 35847867 PMCID: PMC9280492 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.922196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Among breast cancer types, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive, and is resistant to hormonal and chemotherapeutic treatments. As such, alternative approaches that may provide some benefit in fighting this debilitating pathology are critically needed; hence the utilization of herbal medicine. Origanum syriacum L., one of the most regularly consumed plants in the Mediterranean region, exhibits antiproliferative effect on several cancer cell lines. However, whether this herb modulates the malignant phenotype of TNBC remains poorly investigated. Here, we show that in MDA-MB-231, a TNBC cell line, Origanum syriacum L. aqueous extract (OSE) inhibited cellular viability, induced autophagy determined by the accumulation of lipidized LC3 II, and triggered apoptosis. We also show that OSE significantly promoted homotypic cell-cell adhesion while it decreased cellular migration, adhesion to fibronectin, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. This was supported by decreased activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), reduced α2 integrin expression, and downregulation of secreted PgE2, MMP2 and MMP-9, in OSE-treated cells. Finally, we also show that OSE significantly inhibited angiogenesis and downregulated the level of nitric oxide (NO) production. Our findings demonstrate the ability of OSE to attenuate the malignant phenotype of the MDA-MB-231 cells, thus presenting Origanum syriacum L. as a promising potential source for therapeutic compounds for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manal Fardoun
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Mesmar
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rola Abdallah
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Adnan Badran
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Suzanne A. Nasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Serine Baydoun
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainseville, FL, United States
| | | | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Elias Baydoun
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Novel Insights on Dietary Polyphenols for Prevention in Early-Life Origins of Hypertension: A Review Focusing on Preclinical Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6620. [PMID: 35743061 PMCID: PMC9223825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are the largest group of phytochemicals with health benefits. Early life appears to offer a critical window of opportunity for launching interventions focused on preventing hypertension, as increasing evidence supports the supposition that hypertension can originate in early life. Although polyphenols have antihypertensive actions, knowledge of the potential beneficial action of the early use of polyphenols to avert the development of hypertension is limited. Thus, in this review, we first provide a brief summary of the chemistry and biological function of polyphenols. Then, we present the current epidemiological and experimental evidence supporting the early-life origins of hypertension. We also document animal data on the use of specific polyphenols as an early-life intervention to protect offspring against hypertension in adulthood and discuss underlying mechanisms. Continued research into the use of polyphenols to prevent hypertension from starting early in life will have far-reaching implications for future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Pu X, Li J, Guo Z, Wang M, Lei M, Yang S, Yang J, Wang H, Zhang L, Huang Q. Structure-based identification and pathway elucidation of flavonoids in Camptotheca acuminate. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:824-836. [PMID: 35510090 PMCID: PMC9043410 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoid metabolism in Camptotheca acuminate remained an untapped area for years. A tandem MS approach was used and focused on the mining and characterizing of flavonoids in mature C. acuminate. Fifteen new flavonoids and forty-three known flavonoids, including fifteen flavone analogs, sixteen flavonol analogs, seven flavanone analogs, six chalcone analogs, four xanthone analogs, ten flavane analogs were mined and identified based on their MS/MS fragments. Fifty-three of them were firstly characterized in C. acuminate. Eight biosynthetic precursors for these flavonoids were also identified. We constructed a specific metabolic map for flavonoids according to their relative contents in the flowers, fruits, stems, and leaves of C. acuminate. Furthermore, the most probable genes involved in chalcone biosynthesis, flavonoid hydroxylation, methylation, and glycosylation were further mined and fished in the gene reservoir of C. acuminate according to their conserved domains and co-expression analysis. These findings enable us to acquire a better understanding of versatile flavonoid metabolism in C. acuminate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Pu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Ziang Guo
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Minji Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Ming Lei
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Shengnan Yang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Hanguang Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Qianming Huang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
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Hussain Y, Khan H, Efferth T, Alam W. Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by hesperetin: Focus on antitumor and cytoprotective effects. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:153985. [PMID: 35358935 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is still an all-times issue due to a large and even increasing number of deaths. Impaired genes regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis are targets for the development of novel cancer treatments. HYPOTHESIS Increased transcription of NADPH oxidase activator (NOXA), Bcl2-like11 (BIM), BH3-only proteins and p53 unregulated apoptosis modulator (PUMA) is caused by the imbalance between pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins due to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The membranous network of ER is present in all eukaryotic cells. ER stress facilitates the interaction between Bax and PUMA, triggering the release of cytochrome C. As a main intracellular organelle, ER is responsible for translocation as well as post-translation modification and protein folding. RESULTS Hesperetin is a cytoprotective flavonone, which acts against ER stress and protects from cell damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Hesperetin inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+ and l-ascorbic acid in rat brain homogenates. CONCLUSION This review deals with the anticancer effects of hesperetin regarding the regulation of ER stress as a principal mechanism in the pathogenesis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Hussain
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
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60
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Preclinical Safety Profile of an Oral Naringenin/Hesperidin Dosage Form by In Vivo Toxicological Tests. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a naringenin–hesperidin molar mixture (MIX–160) with proven antihyperglycemic and vasorelaxant activity in preclinical studies. A solid dosage form was manufactured to improve the bioavailability properties. In the current study, we sought to evaluate the oral preclinical toxicity of the MIX–160 dosage form, which showed no mortality or significant changes in the body weight, food consumption and tissue/organ mass in rats. Three daily oral doses (50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg of MIX–160) were assayed for 28 days. The results showed no structural abnormalities in the histological analysis and no significant changes (p > 0.05) in the liver biochemical markers (total bilirubin, AST and ALT) compared to the control group. The above findings showed that the MIX–160 dosage form did not exhibit relevant toxic effects, which suggests its potential safety as a drug candidate for clinical studies.
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Poorolajal J, Mohammadi Y, Doosti-Irani A, Khosh-Manesh S. The contribution of avoidable factors in doubling or halving the odds of hypertension. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266689. [PMID: 35390081 PMCID: PMC8989301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the well-known impact of fruit/vegetable consumption, physical activity, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol on blood pressure, the amount of exposure to these factors is required to halve or double the odds of hypertension is unknown, but it was investigated in this research. Methods The data used in this study are derived from results of the seventh Iranian national STEPS survey involving 30,542 adults aged 18 years or older. The questionnaire measured non-communicable disease risk factors covered three different levels including behavioral characteristics, physical and biochemical measurements. The level of exposure to factors necessary to reach the odds ratio of 0.5 or odds ratio of 2.0 was obtained from the coefficients of the multiple logistic regression model. Results An OR of 0.5 corresponds to 7 servings of fruit and vegetable consumption daily and burning of 7175 kcal through physical activity at work or recreation daily. An OR of 2.0 corresponds to an increase in body mass index of about 11 kg/m2, an increase in the waist-hip ratio of about 18%, an increase in fasting blood glucose of about 77 mg/dl, and an increase in total cholesterol of about 134 mg/dl. Conclusion The results of this study indicate how much fruit and vegetable and physical activity halve the odds of hypertension and how much increase in body mass index, the waist-hip ratio, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol can double the odds of hypertension. Such information may be useful for developing guidelines by policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Poorolajal
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Younes Mohammadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amin Doosti-Irani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saman Khosh-Manesh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Mining Important Herb Combinations of Traditional Chinese Medicine against Hypertension Based on the Symptom-Herb Network Combined with Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5850899. [PMID: 35360657 PMCID: PMC8964163 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5850899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although data mining methods are extensively used in the rule analysis of famous old traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) experts' prescriptions for the treatment of hypertension, most of them only mine the association between herbs and herbs, ignoring the importance of symptoms in the disease. This study collected 439 cases of hypertension treated by famous old TCM experts from the FangNet platform. Using the structure network algorithm, the symptom-herb network was constructed, which redefined the importance of herb in disease. Based on the network, 21 driver herbs, 76 herb pairs, and 41 symptom-herb associations were mined. Finally, the basic prescription composed of Gouteng (Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), and Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) was found. These herbs are the most significant among all herbs, and they have a potential correlation with each other. To further verify the rationality of the data mining results, we adopted the network pharmacology method. Network pharmacological analysis shows that the five core targets in the basic prescription include IL6, VEGFA, TNF, TP53, and EGF, which link 10 significant active compounds and 7 important KEGG pathways. It was predicted that anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, vascular endothelial protection, emotion regulation, and ion channel intervention might be the main mechanisms of the basic prescription against hypertension. This study reveals the prescription rule of famous old TCM experts for treating hypertension from a new perspective, which provides a new approach to inherit the academic experience of famous old TCM experts and develop new drugs.
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Kozłowska A, Szostak-Węgierek D. Targeting Cardiovascular Diseases by Flavonols: An Update. Nutrients 2022; 14:1439. [PMID: 35406050 PMCID: PMC9003055 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonols are one of the most plentiful flavonoid subclasses found in natural products and are extensively used as dietary supplements. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the cardioprotective properties of flavonols, especially quercetin. This group of substances exerts positive impacts primarily due to their antiatherogenic, antithrombotic, and antioxidant activities. The potential of flavonols to promote vasodilation and regulation of apoptotic processes in the endothelium are other beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Despite promising experimental findings, randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have yielded inconsistent results on the influence of these substances on human cardiovascular parameters. Thus, this review aims to summarize the most recent clinical data on the intake of these substances and their effects on the cardiovascular system. The present study will help clinicians and other healthcare workers understand the value of flavonol supplementation in both subjects at risk for cardiovascular disease and patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kozłowska
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Oczki Str. 3, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dorota Szostak-Węgierek
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciołka Str. 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
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Shaukat B, Mehmood MH, Anwar H. Ziziphus Oxyphylla hydro-methanolic extract ameliorates hypertension in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats through NO/cGMP pathway and suppression of oxidative stress related inflammatory biomarkers. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114825. [PMID: 34774683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ziziphus Oxyphylla belongs to family Ziziphus and has been used traditionally in hypertension. It is enriched with quercetin and kaempferol derivatives, catechin and cyclopeptide alkaloids. AIM The current research evaluates the antihypertensive potential of aqueous methanolic extract of Z. oxyphylla (AMEZO) in NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (LNAME) induced hypertension in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY Phytochemical analysis of AMEZO was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Antihypertensive activities of AMEZO (200 and 400 mg/kg) and Kaempferol were assessed in L-NAME (185 μmol/kg, intraperitoneal) injected hypertensive rats. In normotensive rats, blood pressure was assessed using Power Lab data system. Serum and tissue samples were preserved for estimation of nitric oxide (NO), Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF- α) and oxidative stress markers respectively. mRNA levels of eNOS, ACE, COX-2 and NF-kB genes were assessed through qPCR. RESULTS The HPLC and ESI-MS/MS identified kaempferol, quercetin, catechin, ceanothic acid, zizybernalic acid and oxyphylline F. Chronic administration of AMEZO and kaempferol in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats significantly (p < 0.001) reduced systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure. AMEZO and kaempferol caused meaningfully improved (p < 0.001) serum NO and cGMP levels. AMEZO administration also noticeably decrease the elevated IL-6 and TNF- α concentration in hypertensive animals. Administration of AMEZO and kaempferol also improved oxidative stress markers (MDA, CAT, SOD, GSH). The antihypertensive activity of AMEZO also resulted in upregulation of eNOS and downregulation of ACE. CONCLUSION These data depict that AMEZO and kaempferol showed antihypertensive activity in LNAME induced hypertensive rats possibly mediated through improvement in NO and cGMP levels, modulation of mRNA expression of eNOS, ACE, COX-2 and NF-kB and suppression of oxidative stress related inflammatory markers, proposing a defensive role in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Shaukat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Malik Hassan Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Abou Baker DH. An ethnopharmacological review on the therapeutical properties of flavonoids and their mechanisms of actions: A comprehensive review based on up to date knowledge. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:445-469. [PMID: 35340621 PMCID: PMC8943219 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids -a class of low molecular weight secondary metabolites- are ubiquitous and cornucopia throughout the plant kingdom. Structurally, the main structure consists of C6-C3-C6 rings with different substitution patterns so that many sub-classes are obtained, for example: flavonols, flavonolignans, flavonoid glycosides, flavans, anthocyanidins, aurones, anthocyanidins, flavones, neoflavonoids, chalcones, isoflavones, flavones and flavanones. Flavonoids are evaluated to have drug like nature since they possess different therapeutic activities, and can act as cardioprotective, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, and also work against Alzheimer's disease and others. However, information on the relationship between their structure and biological activity is scarce. Therefore, the present review tries to summarize all the therapeutic activities of flavonoids, their mechanisms of action and the structure activity relationship. Latest updated ethnopharmacological review of the therapeutic effects of flavonoids. Flavonoids are attracting attention because of their therapeutic properties. Flavonoids are valuable candidates for drug development against many dangerous diseases. This overview summarizes the most important therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of flavonoids. General knowledge about the structure activity relationship of flavonoids is summarized. Substitution of chemical groups in the structure of flavonoids can significantly change their biological and chemical properties. The chemical properties of the basic flavonoid structure should be considered in a drug-based structural program.
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Slika H, Mansour H, Wehbe N, Nasser SA, Iratni R, Nasrallah G, Shaito A, Ghaddar T, Kobeissy F, Eid AH. Therapeutic potential of flavonoids in cancer: ROS-mediated mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112442. [PMID: 35062053 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play contradicting roles in cancer incidence and progression. Antioxidants have attracted attention as emerging therapeutic agents. Among these are flavonoids, which are natural polyphenols with established anticancer and antioxidant capacities. Increasing evidence shows that flavonoids can inhibit carcinogenesis via suppressing ROS levels. Surprisingly, flavonoids can also trigger excessive oxidative stress, but this can also induce death of malignant cells. In this review, we explore the inherent characteristics that contribute to the antioxidant capacity of flavonoids, and we dissect the scenarios in which they play the contrasting role as pro-oxidants. Furthermore, we elaborate on the pathways that link flavonoid-mediated modulation of ROS to the prevention and treatment of cancer. Special attention is given to the ROS-mediated anticancer functions that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), hesperetin, naringenin, quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin evoke in various cancers. We also delve into the structure-function relations that make flavonoids potent antioxidants. This review provides a detailed perspective that can be utilized in future experiments or trials that aim at utilizing flavonoids or verifying their efficacy for developing new pharmacologic agents. We support the argument that flavonoids are attractive candidates for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Slika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Hadi Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Nadine Wehbe
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Suzanne A Nasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Gheyath Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Abdullah Shaito
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Tarek Ghaddar
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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67
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The Effect of Dietary Polyphenols on Vascular Health and Hypertension: Current Evidence and Mechanisms of Action. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030545. [PMID: 35276904 PMCID: PMC8840535 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to explore existing evidence from studies conducted on humans and summarize the mechanisms of action of dietary polyphenols on vascular health, blood pressure and hypertension. There is evidence that some polyphenol-rich foods, including berry fruits rich in anthocyanins, cocoa and green tea rich in flavan-3-ols, almonds and pistachios rich in hydroxycinnamic acids, and soy products rich in isoflavones, are able to improve blood pressure levels. A variety of mechanisms can elucidate the observed effects. Some limitations of the evidence, including variability of polyphenol content in plant-derived foods and human absorption, difficulty disentangling the effects of polyphenols from other dietary compounds, and discrepancy of doses between animal and human studies should be taken into account. While no single food counteracts hypertension, adopting a plant-based dietary pattern including a variety of polyphenol-rich foods is an advisable practice to improve blood pressure.
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Li XQ, Wang C, Yang T, Fan ZK, Guo XF. A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies of flavonoid subclasses and stroke risk. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1103-1114. [PMID: 35023220 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that higher intakes of flavonoids are associated with reduced stroke risk, however, which subtypes play significant roles to protect against stroke remain unclear. A systematic literature search in PubMed and Web of Science databases was performed up to Oct. 2021. Flavonoids or their subtypes (flavanol, flavanone, flavone, flavan-3-ol, isoflavone, or anthocyanin) were paired with stoke as the search term. Multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest versus the lowest category were pooled by using a random-effects model. Dose-response analysis was implemented by using a restricted cubic spline regression model. Ten independent prospective cohort studies with 387,076 participants and 9,564 events were included. Higher intakes of flavanones were inversely associated with stroke risk (RR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.78, 0.93). Dose-response analysis showed that 50 mg/day increment of flavanones was associated with 11% reduction in stroke risk (RR = 0.89; 95%CI: 0.84, 0.94). Flavan-3-ols was marginally inversely associated with stroke risk (RR = 0.92; 95%CI: 0.82, 1.02). Dose-response analysis showed that 200 mg/day increment of flavan-3-ols was associated with 14% reduction in stroke risk (RR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.75, 0.98). The non-significant association was observed with respect to other flavonoid subclasses. This study demonstrated higher intakes of flavanones and flavan-3-ols were associated with a lower risk of stroke. Dietary intakes of lemon and citrus rich in flavanones and flavan-3-ols might have beneficial functions for the protection against stroke. The findings of these associations of the present study need to be confirmed in other regions and ethnic origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qi Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ze-Kai Fan
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Granado M, González-Hedström D, Amor S, Fajardo-Vidal A, Villalva M, de la Fuente-Fernández M, Tejera-Muñoz A, Jaime L, Santoyo S, García-Villalón AL. Marjoram extract prevents ischemia reperfusion-induced myocardial damage and exerts anti-contractile effects in aorta segments of male wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114660. [PMID: 34547419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) is an herb traditionally used as a medicine in different countries, as Morocco and Iran, because of its beneficial cardiovascular effects. Some studies suggest that these effects are due, at least in part, to the presence of phenolic compounds such as rosmarinic acid (RA) and luteolin. AIM OF THE STUDY To analyze the possible cardiprotective effects of a marjoram extract (ME) reducing myocardial damage after coronary ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and its possible antihypertensive effects reducing the response of aorta segments to the vasoconstrictors noradrenaline (NA) and endothelin-1 (ET-1). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (300g) were used. After sacrifice, the heart was immediately removed and mounted in a perfusion system (Langendorff). The aorta was carefully dissected and cut in 2 mm segments to perform vascular reactivity experiments. RESULTS In the heart, ME perfusion after IR reduced heart rate and prevented IR-induced decrease of cardiac contractility, possibly through vasodilation of coronary arteries and through the upregulation of antioxidant markers in the myocardium that led to reduced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. In the aorta, ME decreased the vasoconstrictor response to NA and ET-1 and exerted a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect. Neither RA nor 6-hydroxi-luteolin-O-glucoside, major compounds of this ME, were effective in improving cardiac contractility after IR or attenuating vasoconstriction to NA and ET-1 in aorta segments. CONCLUSION In conclusion, ME reduces the myocardial damage induced by IR and the contractile response to vasoconstrictors in the aorta. Thus, it may be useful for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Granado
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - D González-Hedström
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Pharmactive Biotech Products SL, Parque Científico de Madrid, Spain
| | - S Amor
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - A Fajardo-Vidal
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Institute of Food Reserach (CIAL). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Villalva
- Institute of Food Reserach (CIAL). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Tejera-Muñoz
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - L Jaime
- Institute of Food Reserach (CIAL). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Santoyo
- Institute of Food Reserach (CIAL). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - A L García-Villalón
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Reyes-Goya C, Santana-Garrido Á, Aguilar-Espejo G, Pérez-Camino MC, Mate A, Vázquez CM. Daily consumption of wild olive (acebuche) oil reduces blood pressure and ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling in rats with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertension. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1-14. [PMID: 35000635 PMCID: PMC9530918 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous reports on the beneficial effects of olive oil in the cardiovascular context, very little is known about the olive tree's wild counterpart (Olea europaea, L. var. sylvestris), commonly known as acebuche (ACE) in Spain. The aim of this study was to analyse the possible beneficial effects of an extra virgin ACE oil on vascular function in a rodent model of arterial hypertension (AH) induced by NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Four experimental groups of male Wistar rats were studied: (1) normotensive rats (Control group); (2) normotensive rats fed a commercial diet supplemented with 15 % (w/w) ACE oil (Acebuche group); (3) rats made hypertensive following administration of L-NAME (L-NAME group); and (4) rats treated with L-NAME and simultaneously supplemented with 15 % ACE oil (LN + ACE group). All treatments were maintained for 12 weeks. Besides a significant blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect, the ACE oil-enriched diet counteracted the alterations found in aortas from hypertensive rats in terms of morphology and responsiveness to vasoactive mediators. In addition, a decrease in hypertension-related fibrotic and oxidative stress processes was observed in L-NAME-treated rats subjected to ACE oil supplement. Therefore, using a model of AH via nitric oxide depletion, here we demonstrate the beneficial effects of a wild olive oil based upon its vasodilator, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antihypertrophic and antifibrotic properties. We postulate that regular inclusion of ACE oil in the diet can alleviate the vascular remodelling and endothelial dysfunction processes typically found in AH, thus resulting in a significant reduction of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Reyes-Goya
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012Sevilla, Spain
| | - Álvaro Santana-Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012Sevilla, Spain
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gema Aguilar-Espejo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012Sevilla, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Pérez-Camino
- Departamento de Caracterización y Calidad de lípidos, Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, E-41013Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mate
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012Sevilla, Spain
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen M. Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012Sevilla, Spain
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013Sevilla, Spain
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71
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Zhang Y, Cai P, Cheng G, Zhang Y. A Brief Review of Phenolic Compounds Identified from Plants: Their Extraction, Analysis, and Biological Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211069721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are the most abundant secondary metabolites in plants, showing a wide range of distinct biological activities, have received more and more attention in recent years. This review aims to gather and systematize available information on the phenolic compounds from plants by discussing different types of phenolic compounds, extraction, and analysis methods, with an emphasis on their potential biological activities. The research direction and problems that should be paid attention to in the future are also put forward to provide some references for the further study of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Cai
- College of Plant Protection, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Cheng
- Chongqing Agricultural Products Quality & Safety Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Ahmad Nazri KA, Haji Mohd Saad Q, Mohd Fauzi N, Buang F, Jantan I, Jubri Z. Gynura procumbens ethanol extract improves vascular dysfunction by suppressing inflammation in postmenopausal rats fed a high-fat diet. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1203-1215. [PMID: 34493166 PMCID: PMC8428271 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1970199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. (Asteraceae) has been reported to have various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory effects. OBJECTIVE This study sought to determine whether Gynura procumbens (GP) could improve vascular reactivity by suppressing inflammation in postmenopausal rats fed with five-times heated palm oil (5HPO) diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham [non-ovariectomized; grouped as control, GP extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg), atorvastatin (ATV, 10 mg/kg)] and postmenopausal (PM) groups [ovariectomized rats fed with 5HPO; grouped as PM, GP extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg) and ATV (10 mg/kg)]. Each group (n = 6) was either supplemented with GP extract or ATV orally once daily for 6 months. RESULTS In comparison with the untreated PM group, 250 and 500 mg/kg GP supplementation to PM groups reduced the systolic blood pressure (103 ± 2.7, 86 ± 2.4 vs. 156 ± 7.83 mmHg, p < 0.05), intima-media thickness (101.28 ± 3.4, 93.91 ± 2.93 vs. 143.78 ± 3.31 µM), vasoconstriction percentage induced by phenylephrine (102.5%, 88.3%, vs. 51.8%), sICAM-1 (0.49, 0.26 vs. 0.56 pg/mL) and sVCAM-1 (0.39, 0.25 vs. 0.45 pg/mL). GP extract supplementation increased vasorelaxation percentage induced by acetylcholine (78.4% vs. 47.3%) and sodium nitroprusside (84.2% vs. 53.7%), increased changes in plasma nitric oxide level (1.25%, 1.31% vs. 1.9%), and suppressed the elevation of TNF-α (0.39 vs. 1.02 pg/mL), IL-6 (0.43 vs. 0.77 pg/mL) and CRP (0.29 vs. 0.69 ng/mL) in the PM groups. CONCLUSIONS GP extract might improve vascular dysfunction by suppressing the inflammatory response, consequently preventing blood pressure elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuzaidatul Azidah Ahmad Nazri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Qodriyah Haji Mohd Saad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norsyahida Mohd Fauzi
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fhataheya Buang
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Zakiah Jubri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Cabral B, Bortolin RH, Gonçalves TAF, Maciel PMP, de Arruda AV, de Carvalho TG, Abboud KY, Alves JSF, Cordeiro LMC, de Medeiros IA, de Rezende AA, Zucolotto SM. Hypoglycemic and Vasorelaxant Effect of Passiflora edulis Fruit Peel By-Product. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 76:466-471. [PMID: 34581915 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00921-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Passiflora edulis fo. flavicarpa (Passifloraceae) is popularly known as yellow passion fruit and its fruit peels are considered a rich by-product in bioactive compounds which has greatly beneficial health properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of P. edulis fruit peel extracts in a type 1 diabetes model and the potential vasorelaxant effect. The aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts were obtained from P. edulis fruit peels and orientin and isorientin flavonoids were identified in both extracts through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. Pectin was only identified in the aqueous extract by high-performance steric exclusion chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. Regarding the vascular system, the hydroethanolic extract showed better vasorelaxant effects in the mesenteric artery rings when compared to the aqueous extract. These effects mainly occur by opening the potassium channels. In the type 1 diabetes model, extracts at doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg were able to restore the effect of insulin in diabetic rats which were not responding to its action. The antidiabetic effect was more significant for the aqueous extract. Thus, the results suggest that the hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts have greater potential to be used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and as a hypoglycemic agent, respectively. Taken together, P. edulis fruit peel extracts proved to be a source of valuable bioactive raw material to produce nutraceuticals or pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Cabral
- PNBIO, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Raul Hernandes Bortolin
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alinne Villar de Arruda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Kahlile Youssef Abboud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jovelina Samara Ferreira Alves
- PNBIO, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Lucimara M C Cordeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Augusto de Rezende
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Silvana Maria Zucolotto
- PNBIO, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Development of a quantified herbal extract of hawthorn Crataegus mexicana leaves with vasodilator effect. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:1258-1266. [PMID: 34819787 PMCID: PMC8596289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) has been used for the treatment of several heart diseases and hypertension. The studies carried out on several hawthorn species have led to the development of standardized extracts useful in the cure of mild chronic cardiac diseases. In Mexico, the most common Crataegus species are C. mexicana and C. gracilior. Decoctions prepared from the fruits and leaves of these species have been employed to the treat respiratory diseases, tachycardia and to improve coronary blood flow. Considering that to date there are no reports of the use of Mexican Crataegus species to treat cardiovascular diseases, we propose an analytical method to obtain a quantified extract of Crataegus mexicana leaves for the development of a standardized extract with therapeutic value in cardiovascular diseases as an alternative source to the extracts obtained from Crataegus species of European and Asian origin. Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain an extract prepared from C. mexicana leaves with the highest vasodilator activity to select the optimal chemical marker to stablish and validate a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC-DAD) analytical method for obtaining a quantified extract with vasodilator effect. The results obtained from the analytical method validation, which was carried out according to the guidelines stablished in the Eurachem Guide and the ICH guidelines proved that the RPHPLC-DAD method we developed was specific, precise, accurate, and showed good linearity over the concentration range of 3 – 21 µg/ml for (-)-epicatechin and rutin, which were selected as chemical markers.
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Fraga LN, Coutinho CP, Rozenbaum AC, Tobaruela EDC, Lajolo FM, Hassimotto NMA. Blood pressure and body fat % reduction is mainly related to flavanone phase II conjugates and minor extension by phenolic acid after long-term intake of orange juice. Food Funct 2021; 12:11278-11289. [PMID: 34713884 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02664j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin and narirutin are the major flavanones present in orange juice, and they are associated with a reduction in risk of cardiometabolic disease. However, there is heterogeneity in their biological responses, which is partly due to the large interindividual variation in these flavonoids' bioavailability. We investigated the relation between interindividual variability in the excretion of phase II conjugates and gut-derived phenolic acids, and cardiometabolic biomarkers response. Seventy-four subjects, both men and women, were included in a single-arm study. Over the 60 days, volunteers consumed 500 mL of orange juice daily. All measurements and blood collections were performed before and after the intervention period. Moreover, 24 h urine collection was performed after first consumption. Individuals were stratified according to the excretion of phase II conjugates and, for the first time, according to phenolic acids in high, medium, and low excretors. Furthermore, for the first time, the ratio between phenolic acids and flavanones-phase II conjugates has shown groups with different metabolization patterns. Groups with a low or intermediate ratio, corresponding to a higher amount of phase II conjugates excreted, showed a significant reduction in body fat % and blood pressure. This finding suggests that these improvements could be associated in a major way to flavanones-phase II conjugates, as well as to phenolic acids and stratification of volunteers according to metabolite excretions could be a good strategy to better understand the effects of orange juice on metabolism and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layanne Nascimento Fraga
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Camille Perella Coutinho
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Campos Rozenbaum
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eric de Castro Tobaruela
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Kumar G, Dey SK, Kundu S. Herbs and their bioactive ingredients in cardio-protection: Underlying molecular mechanisms and evidences from clinical studies. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153753. [PMID: 34610528 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants or herbs produce a bounty of bioactive phytochemicals. These phytochemicals can influence a variety of physiological events related to cardiovascular health through multiple underlying mechanisms, such as their role as antioxidative, anti-ischemic, anti-proliferative, hypotensive, anti-thrombotic, and anti-hypercholesterolemic agents. PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to summarize and connect evidences supporting the use of phytotherapy in the management of some of the most common cardiovascular impairments, molecular mechanisms underlying cardio-protection mediated by herbs, and clinical studies which are positively linked with the use of herbs in cardiovascular biology. Additionally, we also describe several adverse effects associated with some of the herbal plants and their products to provide a balanced set of studies in favor or against phytotherapy in cardiovascular health that may help global discourses on this matter. METHODS Studies relating to the use of medicinal plants were mined by strategically searching scientific databases including Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct. Investigations involving approximately 175 articles including reviews, research articles, meta-analyses, and cross-sectional and observational studies were retrieved and analyzed in line with the stated purpose of this study. RESULTS A positive correlation between the use of medicinal plants and cardiovascular health was observed. While maintaining cardiovascular physiology, medicinal plants and their derivatives seem to govern a variety of cellular mechanisms involved in vasoconstriction and vasorelaxation, which in turn, are important aspects of cardiovascular homeostasis. Furthermore, a variety of studies including clinical trials, cross-sectional studies, and meta-analyses have also supported the anti-hypertensive and thus, cardio-protective effects, of medicinal plants. Apart from this, evidence is also available for the potential drawbacks of several herbs and their products indicating that the unsupervised use of many herbs may lead to severe health issues. CONCLUSIONS The cardio-protective outcomes of medicinal plants and their derivatives are supported by ever-increasing studies, while evidences exist for the potential drawbacks of some of the herbs. A balanced view about the use of medicinal plants and their derivative in cardiovascular biology thus needs to be outlined by researchers and the medical community. The novelty and exhaustiveness of the present manuscript is reflected by the detailed outline of the molecular basis of "herbal cardio-protection", active involvement of several herbs in ameliorating the cardiovascular status, adverse effects of medicinal plants, and the clinical studies considering the use of phytotherapy, all on a single platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India; Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Dey
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India; Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Suman Kundu
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India; Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Cao Y, Xie L, Liu K, Liang Y, Dai X, Wang X, Lu J, Zhang X, Li X. The antihypertensive potential of flavonoids from Chinese Herbal Medicine: A review. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105919. [PMID: 34601080 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the coming of the era of the aging population, hypertension has become a global health burden to be dealt with. Although there are multiple drugs and procedures to control the symptoms of hypertension, the management of it is still a long-term process, and the side effects of conventional drugs pose a burden on patients. Flavonoids, common compounds found in fruits and vegetables as secondary metabolites, are active components in Chinese Herbal Medicine. The flavonoids are proved to have cardiovascular benefits based on a plethora of animal experiments over the last decade. Thus, the flavonoids or flavonoid-rich plant extracts endowed with anti-hypertension activities and probable mechanisms were reviewed. It has been found that flavonoids may affect blood pressure in various ways. Moreover, despite the substantial evidence of the potential for flavonoids in the control of hypertension, it is not sufficient to support the clinical application of flavonoids as an adjuvant or core drug. So the synergistic effects of flavonoids with other drugs, pharmacokinetic studies, clinical trials and the safety of flavonoids are also incorporated in the discussion. It is believed that more breakthrough studies are needed. Overall, this review may shed some new light on the explicit recognition of the mechanisms of anti-hypertension actions of flavonoids, pointing out the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be strengthened in future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Youdan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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Li M, Zheng Y, Deng S, Yu T, Ma Y, Ge J, Li J, Li X, Ma L. Potential therapeutic effects and applications of Eucommiae Folium in secondary hypertension. J Pharm Anal 2021; 12:711-718. [PMID: 36320603 PMCID: PMC9615539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucommiae Folium (EF), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat secondary hypertension, including renal hypertension and salt-sensitive hypertension, as well as hypertension caused by thoracic aortic endothelial dysfunction, a high-fat diet, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. The antihypertensive components of EF are divided into four categories: flavonoids, iridoids, lignans, and phenylpropanoids, such as chlorogenic acid, geniposide acid and pinoresinol diglucoside. EF regulates the occurrence and development of hypertension by regulating biological processes, such as inhibiting inflammation, regulating the nitric oxide synthase pathway, reducing oxidative stress levels, regulating endothelial vasoactive factors, and lowering blood pressure. However, its molecular antihypertensive mechanisms are still unclear and require further investigation. In this review, by consulting the relevant literature on the antihypertensive effects of EF and using network pharmacology, we summarized the active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms of EF in the treatment of hypertension to clarify how EF is associated with secondary hypertension, the related components, and underlying mechanisms. The results of the network pharmacology analysis indicated that EF treats hypertension through a multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism. In particular, we discussed the role of EF targets in the treatment of hypertension, including epithelial sodium channel, heat shock protein70, rho-associated protein kinase 1, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. The relevant signal transduction pathways, the ras homolog family member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase/eNOS/NO/Ca2+ pathways, are also discussed. Eucommiae Folium (EF) treats secondary hypertension via the RhoA/ROCK1 and NO/sGC/cGMP pathways. EF inhibits oxidative stress and improves endothelial dysfunction to treat hypertension. EF's antihypertensive components are phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, lignans, iridoids. KEGG analysis showed EF treated hypertension through the MAPK and TNF signaling pathways.
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Quispe C, Cruz-Martins N, Manca ML, Manconi M, Sytar O, Hudz N, Shanaida M, Kumar M, Taheri Y, Martorell M, Sharifi-Rad J, Pintus G, Cho WC. Nano-Derived Therapeutic Formulations with Curcumin in Inflammation-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3149223. [PMID: 34584616 PMCID: PMC8470924 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3149223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to its vast therapeutic potential, the plant-derived polyphenol curcumin is utilized in an ever-growing number of health-related applications. Here, we report the extraction methodologies, therapeutic properties, advantages and disadvantages linked to curcumin employment, and the new strategies addressed to improve its effectiveness by employing advanced nanocarriers. The emerging nanotechnology applications used to enhance CUR bioavailability and its targeted delivery in specific pathological conditions are collected and discussed. In particular, new aspects concerning the main strategic nanocarriers employed for treating inflammation and oxidative stress-related diseases are reported and discussed, with specific emphasis on those topically employed in conditions such as wounds, arthritis, or psoriasis and others used in pathologies such as bowel (colitis), neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's or dementia), cardiovascular (atherosclerosis), and lung (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) diseases. A brief overview of the relevant clinical trials is also included. We believe the review can provide the readers with an overview of the nanostrategies currently employed to improve CUR therapeutic applications in the highlighted pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Drug Science Division, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Drug Science Division, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Plant Biology, Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Kiev National University of Taras Shevchenko, Volodymyrska, 64, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Hudz
- Department of Drug Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Mariia Shanaida
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Voli 1, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR–Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepcion, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepcion 4070386, Chile
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, 22272 Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Xiong Y, Xiong Y, Zhu P, Wang Y, Yang H, Zhou R, Shu Y, Zhou H, Li Q. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Hypertension Pathogenesis and the Efficacy of Antihypertensive Drugs. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:40. [PMID: 34487269 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF HEADING To review the relationship between intestinal microbes and hypertension and its impact on the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs, and help to address some of these knowledge gaps. RECENT FINDINGS Hypertension is associated with cardiovascular diseases and is the most important modifiable risk factor for all-cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of hypertension is complex, including factors such as dietary, environmental and genetics. Recently, the studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences the occurrence and development of hypertension through a variety of ways, including affecting the production of short-chain fatty acids, dysfunction of the brain-gut axis, and changes in serotonin content that cause the imbalance of vagus and sympathetic nerve output associated with hypertension. However, patients with hypertension typically take antihypertensive drugs orally on a long-term basis, and most antihypertensive drugs are absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have shown that the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of antihypertensive drugs may be influenced by microbiota, or antihypertensive drugs act directly on the intestinal flora to exert efficacy, including regulation of intestinal microbial metabolism, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal sympathetic nervous system disorders. The intestinal flora can affect the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of antihypertensive drugs in the rats, and intestinal microbiota also can be the target "organ" by antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Xiong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yalan Xiong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, ShanTou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Wang H, Liu S, Cui Y, Wang Y, Guo Y, Wang X, Liu J, Piao C. Hepatoprotective effects of flavonoids from common buckwheat hulls in type 2 diabetic rats and HepG2 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4793-4802. [PMID: 34531992 PMCID: PMC8441485 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids from common buckwheat hulls (BHFs) show significant antioxidant and antidiabetic potential. However, their hepatoprotective property is yet to be defined. This study aims to examine the hepatoprotective effect of BHFs in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats and chronic high glucose-damaged HepG2 cells. Results showed that BHF treatment significantly relieves the state of insulin resistance, thereby reducing blood glucose and improving oxidative stress in T2DM rats. It is worth mentioning that BHF treatment improved diabetes-induced liver damage disorders, manifested as the clearance of liver fat and the decline of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. In vitro, HepG2 cells pretreated with BHFs maintained higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and catalase (CAT) activities than the unprotected group. In parallel, compared with the unprotected group, BHFs significantly reduced the leakage of ALT and AST in pre-protected group dose-dependently. These results indicated that BHFs had considerable antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential and could be promising to be used as nutraceuticals and dietary supplements to prevent and/or protect against liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Shuyan Liu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yang Cui
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yang Guo
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Junmei Liu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep ProcessingChangchunChina
| | - Chunhong Piao
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep ProcessingChangchunChina
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Yeh TH, Lin JY. Active Ingredients from Euodia ruticarpa Steam Distilled Essential Oil Inhibit PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cell Growth via Direct Action and Indirect Immune Cells Conditioned Media In Vitro. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:996-1018. [PMID: 34563040 PMCID: PMC8928987 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Active constituents isolated from Euodia ruticarpa (ER) steam distilled essential oil (SDEO) against PC-3 prostate cancer cell growth remain unclear. To clarify the puzzle, ER SDEO was extracted and further resolved into six isolated fractions ERF1–F6 with Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration chromatography to analyze their biological activities. Active ingredients in the isolated fractions were analyzed with GC-MS. Potential isolated fractions were selected to treat PC-3 cells with direct action and indirect treatment by mouse splenocyte- (SCM) and macrophage-conditioned media (MCM). The relationship between PC-3 cell viabilities and corresponding total polyphenols, flavonoid contents as well as Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in SCM was analyzed using the Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient (r). As a result, ERF1–F3 was abundant in total polyphenols and flavonoids contents with diverse active ingredients. Treatments with ERF1–F3 at appropriate concentrations more or less inhibit PC-3 cell growth in a direct action manner. Only SCM, respectively, cultured with ER SDEO and ERF1–F3 markedly enhanced the effects to inhibit PC-3 cell growth, suggesting that secretions by splenocytes might involve anti-PC-3 effects. There are significantly negative correlations between PC-3 cell viabilities and IL-2, IL-10 as well as IL-10/IL-2 ratios in the corresponding SCM. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the media cultured with ER SDEO isolated fractions positively correlated with IL-10 (Th2) and IL-10/IL-2 (Th2/Th1) cytokine secretion ratios by splenocytes, indicating that polyphenol and flavonoid components in ER SDEO isolated fractions promote Th2-polarized and anti-inflammatory characteristics. These new findings concluded that the inhibitory effects against PC-3 prostate cancer cell growth are attributed to active anti-inflammatory ingredients in ER SDEO and its active ERF1–F3 fractions through direct action and indirect treatment by modulating splenocytes’ cytokine secretion profiles.
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Oliveira-Alves SC, Andrade F, Prazeres I, Silva AB, Capelo J, Duarte B, Caçador I, Coelho J, Serra AT, Bronze MR. Impact of Drying Processes on the Nutritional Composition, Volatile Profile, Phytochemical Content and Bioactivity of Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1312. [PMID: 34439560 PMCID: PMC8389250 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods is a halophyte plant recognized as a promising natural ingredient and will eventually be recognized a salt substitute (NaCl). However, its shelf-life and applicability in several food matrices requires the use of drying processes, which may have an impact on its nutritional and functional value. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oven and freeze-drying processes on the nutritional composition, volatile profile, phytochemical content, and bioactivity of S. ramosissima using several analytical tools (LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and SPME-GC-MS) and bioactivity assays (ORAC, HOSC, and ACE inhibition and antiproliferative effect on HT29 cells). Overall, results show that the drying process changes the chemical composition of the plant. When compared to freeze-drying, the oven-drying process had a lower impact on the nutritional composition but the phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity were significantly reduced. Despite this, oven-dried and freeze-dried samples demonstrated similar antiproliferative (17.56 mg/mL and 17.24 mg/mL, respectively) and antihypertensive (24.56 mg/mL and 18.96 mg/mL, respectively) activities. The volatile composition was also affected when comparing fresh and dried plants and between both drying processes: while for the freeze-dried sample, terpenes corresponded to 57% of the total peak area, a decrease to 17% was observed for the oven-dried sample. The oven-dried S. ramosissima was selected to formulate a ketchup and the product formulated with 2.2% (w/w) of the oven-dried plant showed a good consumer acceptance score. These findings support the use of dried S. ramosissima as a promising functional ingredient that can eventually replace the use of salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila C. Oliveira-Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.C.O.-A.); (F.A.); (I.P.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Fábio Andrade
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.C.O.-A.); (F.A.); (I.P.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Inês Prazeres
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.C.O.-A.); (F.A.); (I.P.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Andreia B. Silva
- DCFM, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- iMed ULisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Capelo
- INIAV, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Av. da República, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (B.D.); (I.C.)
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (B.D.); (I.C.)
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Júlio Coelho
- Horta da Ria Lda., Rua de São Rui, 3830-362 Gafanha Nazaré, Portugal;
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.C.O.-A.); (F.A.); (I.P.); (A.T.S.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria R. Bronze
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.C.O.-A.); (F.A.); (I.P.); (A.T.S.)
- iMed ULisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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84
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Koklesova L, Liskova A, Samec M, Zhai K, AL-Ishaq RK, Bugos O, Šudomová M, Biringer K, Pec M, Adamkov M, Hassan STS, Saso L, Giordano FA, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Protective Effects of Flavonoids Against Mitochondriopathies and Associated Pathologies: Focus on the Predictive Approach and Personalized Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168649. [PMID: 34445360 PMCID: PMC8395457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-factorial mitochondrial damage exhibits a “vicious circle” that leads to a progression of mitochondrial dysfunction and multi-organ adverse effects. Mitochondrial impairments (mitochondriopathies) are associated with severe pathologies including but not restricted to cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. However, the type and level of cascading pathologies are highly individual. Consequently, patient stratification, risk assessment, and mitigating measures are instrumental for cost-effective individualized protection. Therefore, the paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) is unavoidable in advanced healthcare. Flavonoids demonstrate evident antioxidant and scavenging activity are of great therapeutic utility against mitochondrial damage and cascading pathologies. In the context of 3PM, this review focuses on preclinical and clinical research data evaluating the efficacy of flavonoids as a potent protector against mitochondriopathies and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (R.K.A.-I.)
| | - Raghad Khalid AL-Ishaq
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (R.K.A.-I.)
| | | | - Miroslava Šudomová
- Museum of Literature in Moravia, Klášter 1, 664 61 Rajhrad, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Marian Adamkov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Sherif T. S. Hassan
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (R.K.A.-I.)
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (P.K.); (O.G.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, EPMA, 1150 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (P.K.); (O.G.)
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, EPMA, 1150 Brussels, Belgium
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (P.K.); (O.G.)
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85
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Zhou T, Wang Z, Guo M, Zhang K, Geng L, Mao A, Yang Y, Yu F. Puerarin induces mouse mesenteric vasodilation and ameliorates hypertension involving endothelial TRPV4 channels. Food Funct 2021; 11:10137-10148. [PMID: 33155599 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02356f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin (Pue) is an isoflavone derived from the root of Pueraria lobata, which has been widely used as food and a herb for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a Ca2+-permeable channel with multiple modes of activation, plays an important role in vascular endothelial function and vasodilation. However, no reports have shown the effects of Pue on TRPV4 channels and mouse small mesenteric arteries. In the present study, we performed a molecular docking assay by using Discovery Studio 3.5 software to predict the binding of Pue to TRPV4 protein. The activation of TRPV4 by Pue was determined by intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), live-cell fluorescent Ca2+ imaging and patch clamp assays. Molecular docking results indicated a high possibility of Pue-TPRV4 binding. [Ca2+]i and Ca2+ imaging assays showed that Pue activated TRPV4 channels and increased [Ca2+]i in TRPV4-overexpressing HEK293 (TRPV4-HEK293) cells and primary mouse mesenteric artery endothelial cells (MAECs). Patch clamp assay demonstrated that Pue stimulated the TRPV4-mediated cation currents. Additionally, Pue relaxed mouse mesenteric arteries involving the TRPV4-small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (SKCa)/intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (IKCa) pathway, and reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) in high-salt-induced hypertensive mice. Our study found for the first time that Pue acts as a TRPV4 agonist, induces endothelium-dependent vasodilation in mouse mesenteric arteries, and attenuates blood pressure in high-salt-induced hypertensive mice, highlighting the beneficial effect of Pue in treating endothelial dysfunction-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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86
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Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Apostolopoulos EJ, Melita H, Manolis AS. The Cardiovascular Benefits of Caffeinated Beverages: Real or Surreal? /"Metron Ariston - All in Moderation". Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2235-2260. [PMID: 34238147 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210708091709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Caffeinated beverages are the most widely consumed beverages globally with coffee and tea as the two most prominent sources of caffeine. Caffeine content varies across different types of beverages. In addition to caffeine, coffee and tea have other biologically active compounds, and all may affect general and cardiovascular (CV) health. Moderate caffeine consumption (<300-400 mg/day), regardless of the source, is considered safe by both European and US Health Authorities, as it is not associated with adverse health and CV effects, while it may confer certain health benefits. There is a nonlinear association between coffee ingestion and CV risk; moderate coffee drinking is inversely significantly associated with CV risk, with the highest benefit at 2-4 cups per day, while heavy coffee drinking might confer increased risk. With regards to tea, due to a lower caffeine content per serving, its consumption is only limited by the total caffeine daily intake. Both these caffeinated beverages, coffee and tea, have additional phenolic compounds, with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which confer cardioprotective benefits. Of the several coffee compounds, chloroacetic acids and melanoidins offer such beneficial effects, while diterpenes may have unfavorable effects on lipids. Most of the tea ingredients (polyphenols) are cardioprotective. A major concern relates to energy drinks with their much higher caffeine content which puts individuals, especially adolescents and young adults, at high health and CV risk. All these issues are herein discussed, including pertinent studies and meta-analyses, pathogenetic mechanisms involved and relevant recommendations from health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Antonis S Manolis
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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87
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Kim TI, Kim YJ, Kim K. Extract of Seaweed Codium fragile Inhibits Integrin αIIbβ3-Induced Outside-in Signaling and Arterial Thrombosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:685948. [PMID: 34276375 PMCID: PMC8283197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.685948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are thought to be promising candidates for functional foods and to help prevent thrombotic and related cardiovascular diseases. Codium fragile (Suringer) Hariot has been traditionally used as a culinary ingredient, and it possesses a range of biological activities, including the inhibition of platelet function. However, the mechanism of this inhibition is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the inhibitory effect of C. fragile in platelet function. The antiplatelet activity of C. fragile on agonist-activated platelet aggregation, granule secretion, calcium mobilization, platelet spreading, and clot retraction was assessed. The phosphorylation of c-Src, Syk, PLCγ2, and several proteins involving in the αIIbβ3 integrin outside-in signaling pathway were also studied in thrombin and CRP-stimulated platelets. The antithrombotic effect was investigated in mice using ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombus formation in vivo. Transection tail bleeding time was used to evaluate whether C. fragile inhibited primary hemostasis. The main components and contents of C. fragile ethanol extract were confirmed by GC-MS analysis. C. fragile significantly impaired agonist-induced platelet aggregation granule secretion, calcium mobilization, platelet spreading, and clot retraction. Biochemical analysis revealed that C. fragile inhibited the agonist-induced activation of c-Src, Syk, and PLCγ2, as well as the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The inhibitory effect of C. fragile resulted from an inhibition of platelet αIIbβ3 integrin outside-in signal transduction during cell activation. Oral administration of C. fragile efficiently blocked FeCl3-induced arterial thrombus formation in vivo without prolonging bleeding time. GC-MS analysis revealed that phytol was the main constituent and the total content of isomers was 160.8 mg/kg. Our results demonstrated that C. fragile suppresses not only the inside-out signaling of αIIbβ3 integrin but also outside-in signal transmission. Therefore, C. fragile could be an effective antiplatelet therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae In Kim
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Ji Kim
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyungho Kim
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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88
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Ji Z, Li J, Wang J. Jujuboside B Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia and Prevents Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Dedifferentiation, Proliferation, and Migration via Activation of AMPK/PPAR-γ Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:672150. [PMID: 34248626 PMCID: PMC8266264 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.672150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The uncontrolled proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells is a critical step in the pathological process of restenosis caused by vascular intimal hyperplasia. Jujuboside B (JB) is one of the main biologically active ingredients extracted from the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba (SZJ), which has the properties of anti-platelet aggregation and reducing vascular tension. However, its effects on restenosis after vascular intervention caused by VSMCs proliferation and migration remain still unknown. Herein, we present novel data showing that JB treatment could significantly reduce the neointimal hyperplasia of balloon-damaged blood vessels in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In cultured VSMCs, JB pretreatment significantly reduced cell dedifferentiation, proliferation, and migration induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). JB attenuated autophagy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production stimulated by PDGF-BB. Besides, JB promoted the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Notably, inhibition of AMPK and PPAR-γ partially reversed the ability of JB to resist the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Taken as a whole, our findings reveal for the first time the anti-restenosis properties of JB in vivo and in vitro after the endovascular intervention. JB antagonizes PDGF-BB-induced phenotypic switch, proliferation, and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells partly through AMPK/PPAR-γ pathway. These results indicate that JB might be a promising clinical candidate drug against in-stent restenosis, which provides a reference for further research on the prevention and treatment of vascular-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixiong Ji
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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89
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Chu N, Zhang X, Chen S, Zhen Q, Wang Y. [Luteolin has a significant protective effect against cadmium-induced injury in lung epithelial Beas-2B cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:729-735. [PMID: 34134961 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.05.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of luteolin against cadmium (Cd)-induced injury in human lung epithelial Beas-2B cells. OBJECTIVE Beas-2B cells were treated with different concentrations of luteolin (0-160 μmol/L) or Cd (0-40 μmol/L) for 24 h, and the cell viability was examined using MTT assay. After treatment with luteolin (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 μmol/L) with or without Cd (5 μmol/L) for 24 h, the cells were examined for viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and morphological changes of the cell nuclei using Hoechst fluorescent staining. The levels of ROS, SOD, GSH and MDA in the treated cells were detected, and the expression levels of Akt, p-Akt and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) proteins were determined using Western blotting. OBJECTIVE Luteolin within the concentration range of 0-80 μmol/L did not significantly affect the survival rate of Beas-2B cells (P>0.05), but Cd at 5 μmol/L significantly decreased the cell viability (P < 0.05) with an IC50 of 24.6 μmol/L. In Cd-treated cells, treatment with luteolin significantly mitigated the decrease of cell viability, reduced LDH release and cell apoptosis, enhanced SOD activity and GSH content, and inhibited the production of MDA and ROS (all P < 0.05). Luteolin also significantly up-regulated the expression levels of p-Akt and Nrf2 protein in Cd-treated Beas-2B cells (P < 0.05). OBJECTIVE Luteolin has a significant protective effect against Cd-induced injury in Beas-2B cells, and the effects are probably mediated, at least in part, by promoting the activation of Akt and Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - X Zhang
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - S Chen
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Q Zhen
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Y Wang
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
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90
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Binang K, Takuwa DT. Development of reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for determination of selected antihypertensive active flavonoids (rutin, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol) in medicinal plants found in Botswana. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop a rapid, efficient, and cheap chromatographic method for determining four selected antihypertensive active flavonoid compounds in medicinal plants in Botswana. The determination of rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol in selected medicinal plants was conducted in less than 6 min using the developed reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with a 2.7 µm Ascentis C18 express column (150 × 4.60 mm i.d) at 340, 360, and 368 nm detection wavelengths and mobile phase of methanol and 0.068% of formic acid solution in isocratic elution. Validation results showed good selectivity, linearity (r
2 > 0.99), high percentage recoveries (90.2–104.7%), and precision (% RSD < 2) for n = 3, confirming suitability of the method for determination of the investigated flavonoids in Zingiber officinale (ginger). Application of the developed RP-HPLC method was performed in selected medicinal plants (Lippia javanica
) (mosukujane), Myrothanmus flabellious (galalatshwene), and Elephantorrhiza elephantina (mositsana) used to manage hypertension by herbalists in Botswana. M. flabellious a very commonly used plant for managing hypertension was found to contain highest amounts of rutin and myricetin, whereas nothing was detected for E. elephantina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katso Binang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Botswana , Private Bag UB 00704 , Gaborone , Botswana
| | - David T. Takuwa
- Department of Chemistry , University of Botswana , Private Bag UB 00704 , Gaborone , Botswana
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91
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Grijalva-Guiza RE, Jiménez-Garduño AM, Hernández LR. Potential Benefits of Flavonoids on the Progression of Atherosclerosis by Their Effect on Vascular Smooth Muscle Excitability. Molecules 2021; 26:3557. [PMID: 34200914 PMCID: PMC8230563 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites derived from plant-based foods, and they offer many health benefits in different stages of several diseases. This review will focus on their effects on ion channels expressed in vascular smooth muscle during atherosclerosis. Since ion channels can be regulated by redox potential, it is expected that during the onset of oxidative stress-related diseases, ion channels present changes in their conductive activity, impacting the progression of the disease. A typical oxidative stress-related condition is atherosclerosis, which involves the dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle. We aim to present the state of the art on how redox potential affects vascular smooth muscle ion channel function and summarize if the benefits observed in this disease by using flavonoids involve restoring the ion channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Edith Grijalva-Guiza
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico;
| | | | - Luis Ricardo Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico;
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92
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El-Dahan KS, Machtoub D, Massoud G, Nasser SA, Hamam B, Kobeissy F, Zouein FA, Eid AH. Cannabinoids and myocardial ischemia: Novel insights, updated mechanisms, and implications for myocardial infarction. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1990-2010. [PMID: 34102966 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210608144818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis is the most widely trafficked and abused illicit drug due to its calming psychoactive properties. It has been increasingly recognized as having potential health benefits and relatively less adverse health effects as compared to other illicit drugs; however, growing evidence clearly indicates that cannabis is associated with considerable adverse cardiovascular events. Recent studies have linked cannabis use to myocardial infarction (MI); yet, very little is known about the underlying mechanisms. A MI is a cardiovascular disease characterized by a mismatch in the oxygen supply and demand of the heart, resulting in ischemia and subsequent necrosis of the myocardium. Since cannabis is increasingly being considered a risk factor for MI, there is a growing need for better appreciating its potential health benefits and consequences. Here, we discuss the cellular mechanisms of cannabis that lead to an increased risk of MI. We provide a thorough and critical analysis of cannabinoids' actions, which include modulation of adipocyte biology, regional fat distribution, and atherosclerosis, as well as precipitation of hemodynamic stressors relevant in the setting of a MI. By critically dissecting the modulation of signaling pathways in multiple cell types, this paper highlights the mechanisms through which cannabis may trigger life-threatening cardiovascular events. This then provides a framework for future pharmacological studies which can identify targets or develop drugs that modulate cannabis' effects on the cardiovascular system as well as other organ systems. Cannabis' impact on the autonomic outflow, vascular smooth muscle cells, myocardium, cortisol levels and other hemodynamic changes are also mechanistically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Seif El-Dahan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dima Machtoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Gaelle Massoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Suzanne A Nasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Hamam
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, P.O. Box 146404, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha. Qatar
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Gerardi G, Cavia-Saiz M, Muñiz P. From winery by-product to healthy product: bioavailability, redox signaling and oxidative stress modulation by wine pomace product. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7427-7448. [PMID: 33951976 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1914542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The wine pomace is the main winery by-products that suppose an economic and environmental problem and their use as a functional ingredient are being increasingly recognized as a good and inexpensive source of bioactive compounds. In this sense, it is known the potential health properties of wine pomace products in the prevention of disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation such as endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, hyperglycemia, diabetes, obesity. Those effects are due to the bioactive compounds of wine pomace and the mechanisms concern especially modulation of antioxidant/prooxidant activity, improvement of nitric oxide bioavailability, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulation of antioxidant/inflammatory signal pathways. This review mainly summarizes the mechanisms of wine pomace products as modulators of oxidative status involved in cell pathologies as well as their potential therapeutic use for cardiovascular diseases. For this purpose, the review provides an overview of the findings related to the wine pomace bioactive compounds profile, their bioavailability and the action mechanisms for maintaining the redox cell balance involved in health benefits. The review suggests an important role for wine pomace product in cardiovascular diseases prevention and their regular food intake may attenuate the development and progression of comorbidities associated with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Gerardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Mónica Cavia-Saiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Pilar Muñiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
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94
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Jiang P, Zhou G, Li Z, Yang J, Li X. Potential mechanisms of Guizhi decoction against hypertension based on network pharmacology and Dahl salt-sensitive rat model. Chin Med 2021; 16:34. [PMID: 33906674 PMCID: PMC8077739 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Guizhi decoction (GZD), a classical Chinese herbal formula, has been widely used to treat hypertension, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The present study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms and therapeutic effects of GZD on hypertension by integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation. Methods The active ingredients and corresponding targets were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The targets related to hypertension were identified from the CTD, GeneCards, OMIM and Drugbank databases. Multiple networks were constructed to identify the key compounds, hub targets, and main biological processes and pathways of GZD against hypertension. The Surflex-Dock software was used to validate the binding affinity between key targets and their corresponding active compounds. The Dahl salt-sensitive rat model was used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of GZD against hypertension. Results A total of 112 active ingredients, 222 targets of GZD and 341 hypertension-related targets were obtained. Furthermore, 56 overlapping targets were identified, five of which were determined as the hub targets for experimental verification, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), C–C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2), IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9. Pathway enrichment analysis results indicated that 56 overlapping targets were mainly enriched in several inflammation pathways such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirmed that most active compounds of GZD could bind tightly to the key targets. Experimental studies revealed that the administration of GZD improved blood pressure, reduced the area of cardiac fibrosis, and inhibited the expression of IL-6, CCL2, IL-1β, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in rats. Conclusion The potential mechanisms and therapeutic effects of GZD on hypertension may be attributed to the regulation of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-021-00446-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yongjian Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yongcheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Guofeng Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zhaoyu Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China.
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95
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Tong C, Shi F, Tong X, Shi S, Ali I, Guo Y. Shining natural flavonols in sensing and bioimaging. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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96
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Maneesai P, Iampanichakul M, Chaihongsa N, Poasakate A, Potue P, Rattanakanokchai S, Bunbupha S, Chiangsaen P, Pakdeechote P. Butterfly Pea Flower ( Clitoria ternatea Linn.) Extract Ameliorates Cardiovascular Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Nitric Oxide-Deficient Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:523. [PMID: 33801631 PMCID: PMC8065438 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examine whether Clitoria ternatea Linn. (CT) can prevent Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)-induced cardiac and vascular dysfunction in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were given L-NAME (40 mg/kg, drinking water) and orally administered with CT extract (300 mg/kg/day) or lisinopril (2.5 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks. The main phytochemical components of the CT extract were found to be flavonoids. The CT extract alleviated the high blood pressure in rats receiving L-NAME. Decreased vasorelaxation responses to acetylcholine and enhanced contractile responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation in aortic rings and mesenteric vascular beds of L-NAME treated rats were ameliorated by CT extract supplementation. Left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction were developed in L-NAME rats, which were partially prevented by CT extract treatment. The CT extract alleviated upregulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, decreased plasma nitrate/nitrite levels, and increased oxidative stress in L-NAME rats. It suppressed high levels of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, plasma angiotensin II, and cardiac angiotensin II type 1 receptor, NADPH oxidases 2, nuclear factor-kappa B, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression. The CT extract, therefore, partially prevented L-NAME-induced hypertension and cardiovascular alterations in rats. These effects might be related to a reduction in the oxidative stress and renin-angiotensin system activation due to L-NAME in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (M.I.); (N.C.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Metee Iampanichakul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (M.I.); (N.C.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Nisita Chaihongsa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (M.I.); (N.C.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Anuson Poasakate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (M.I.); (N.C.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (M.I.); (N.C.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | | | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand;
| | | | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (M.I.); (N.C.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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97
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Franza L, Carusi V, Nucera E, Pandolfi F. Luteolin, inflammation and cancer: Special emphasis on gut microbiota. Biofactors 2021; 47:181-189. [PMID: 33507594 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin belongs to the family of flavonoids, which have anti-inflammatory functions, potentially useful in a clinical context, particularly for patients suffering from cancer, neuropsychiatric disorders, inflammatory bowel conditions. This peculiarity has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, for many different diseases. Its anti-inflammatory effects might be particularly relevant in cancer, with some studies reporting anti-angiogenesis, anti-metastatic, and apoptotic effects on cancer cells by luteolin and other flavonoids. In this article, we analyze the anti-inflammatory role of luteolin, discussing the pathways it may act on. We will then discuss the possible role of microbiota in inflammatory modulation by luteolin. Finally, the possible therapeutic applications of luteolin's anti-inflammatory properties will be analyzed, with a particular focus on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Franza
- Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Carusi
- Immunology and Allergy, Internal Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nucera
- Immunology and Allergy, Internal Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Pandolfi
- Immunology and Allergy, Internal Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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98
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Association between flavonoid intake and risk of hypertension in two cohorts of Australian women: a longitudinal study. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:2507-2519. [PMID: 33161442 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiological evidence suggests higher dietary flavonoid intake is associated with lower risk of several chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between intake of flavonoids and their subclasses, and incidence of hypertension among Australian women in two age cohorts. METHODS This population-based study included 6599 middle-aged (52.5 ± 1.5 years) and 6099 reproductive-aged (27.5 ± 1.5 years) women from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Food frequency questionnaires were used to quantify intake of flavonoids by cross-referencing with the Phenol-Explorer food composition database. Generalised Estimating Equation analyses investigated associations with incident hypertension, adjusting for demographic and dietary variables and hypertension risk factors. RESULTS There were 1645 cases (24.9%) of hypertension during 15 years follow-up in the middle-aged cohort and 336 cases (5.5%) during 12 years follow-up in the reproductive-aged cohort. Higher intakes of flavones [adjusted relative risk (ARR) for quintile 5 vs. 1: 0.82, 95% CI 0.70-0.97], isoflavones (0.86, 0.75-0.99) and flavanones (0.83, 0.69-1.00) were associated with a lower risk of hypertension in the middle-aged cohort. In the reproductive-aged cohort, higher intakes of flavanols (0.70, 0.49-0.99) were associated with a lower risk of hypertension. Key foods that provided these flavonoids were oranges, orange juice, apples, red wine and soy milk. CONCLUSION Higher intakes of total flavonoids and subclasses were associated with a lower risk of hypertension in Australian women. These findings can be used in nutrition messaging and policies for improved cardiovascular health of women.
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99
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Jandari S, Ghavami A, Ziaei R, Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Rezaei Kelishadi M, Sharifi S, Khorvash F, Pahlavani N, Mohammadi H. Effects of Momordica charantia L on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta- analysis of randomized clinical trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1833916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Jandari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rahele Ziaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Rezaei Kelishadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Sharifi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariborz Khorvash
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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100
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Hammoud SH, Wehbe Z, Abdelhady S, Kobeissy F, Eid AH, El-Yazbi AF. Dysregulation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 Expression and Function in Comorbid Disease Conditions Possibly Contributes to Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 Complication Severity. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 99:17-28. [PMID: 33082267 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ACE2 has emerged as a double agent in the COVID-19 ordeal, as it is both physiologically protective and virally conducive. The identification of ACE2 in as many as 72 tissues suggests that extrapulmonary invasion and damage is likely, which indeed has already been demonstrated by cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms. On the other hand, identifying ACE2 dysregulation in patients with comorbidities may offer insight as to why COVID-19 symptoms are often more severe in these individuals. This may be attributed to a pre-existing proinflammatory state that is further propelled with the cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or the loss of functional ACE2 expression as a result of viral internalization. Here, we aim to characterize the distribution and role of ACE2 in various organs to highlight the scope of damage that may arise upon SARS-CoV-2 invasion. Furthermore, by examining the disruption of ACE2 in several comorbid diseases, we offer insight into potential causes of increased severity of COVID-19 symptoms in certain individuals. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cell surface expression of ACE2 determines the tissue susceptibility for coronavirus infectious disease 2019 infection. Comorbid disease conditions altering ACE2 expression could increase the patient's vulnerability for the disease and its complications, either directly, through modulation of viral infection, or indirectly, through alteration of inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa H Hammoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (S.H.); Departments of Biology (Z.W.), Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (F.K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.H.E., A.F.E.-Y.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.E.-Y.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Zena Wehbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (S.H.); Departments of Biology (Z.W.), Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (F.K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.H.E., A.F.E.-Y.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.E.-Y.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Samar Abdelhady
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (S.H.); Departments of Biology (Z.W.), Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (F.K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.H.E., A.F.E.-Y.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.E.-Y.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (S.H.); Departments of Biology (Z.W.), Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (F.K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.H.E., A.F.E.-Y.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.E.-Y.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (S.H.); Departments of Biology (Z.W.), Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (F.K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.H.E., A.F.E.-Y.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.E.-Y.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (S.H.); Departments of Biology (Z.W.), Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (F.K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.H.E., A.F.E.-Y.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.E.-Y.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
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