51
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Sambuco N, Bradley MM, Herring DR, Lang PJ. Common circuit or paradigm shift? The functional brain in emotional scene perception and emotional imagery. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13522. [PMID: 32011742 PMCID: PMC7446773 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analytic and experimental studies investigating the neural basis of emotion often compare functional activation in different emotional induction contexts, assessing evidence for a "core affect" or "salience" network. Meta-analyses necessarily aggregate effects across diverse paradigms and different samples, which ignore potential neural differences specific to the method of affect induction. Data from repeated measures designs are few, reporting contradictory results with a small N. In the current study, functional brain activity is assessed in a large (N = 61) group of healthy participants during two common emotion inductions-scene perception and narrative imagery-to evaluate cross-paradigm consistency. Results indicate that limbic and paralimbic regions, together with visual and parietal cortex, are reliably engaged during emotional scene perception. For emotional imagery, in contrast, enhanced functional activity is found in several cerebellar regions, hippocampus, caudate, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, consistent with the conception that imagery is an action disposition. Taken together, the data suggest that a common emotion network is not engaged across paradigms, but that the specific neural regions activated during emotional processing can vary significantly with the context of the emotional induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Sambuco
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Margaret M Bradley
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - David R Herring
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peter J Lang
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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52
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Thorudottir S, Sigurdardottir HM, Rice GE, Kerry SJ, Robotham RJ, Leff AP, Starrfelt R. The Architect Who Lost the Ability to Imagine: The Cerebral Basis of Visual Imagery. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E59. [PMID: 31972965 PMCID: PMC7071355 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While the loss of mental imagery following brain lesions was first described more than a century ago, the key cerebral areas involved remain elusive. Here we report neuropsychological data from an architect (PL518) who lost his ability for visual imagery following a bilateral posterior cerebral artery (PCA) stroke. We compare his profile to three other patients with bilateral PCA stroke and another architect with a large PCA lesion confined to the right hemisphere. We also compare structural images of their lesions, aiming to delineate cerebral areas selectively lesioned in acquired aphantasia. When comparing the neuropsychological profile and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the aphantasic architect PL518 to patients with either a comparable background (an architect) or bilateral PCA lesions, we find: (1) there is a large overlap of cognitive deficits between patients, with the very notable exception of aphantasia which only occurs in PL518, and (2) there is large overlap of the patients' lesions. The only areas of selective lesion in PL518 is a small patch in the left fusiform gyrus as well as part of the right lingual gyrus. We suggest that these areas, and perhaps in particular the region in the left fusiform gyrus, play an important role in the cerebral network involved in visual imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thorudottir
- Icelandic Vision Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.T.); (H.M.S.)
| | - Heida M. Sigurdardottir
- Icelandic Vision Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.T.); (H.M.S.)
| | - Grace E. Rice
- Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB27EF, UK;
| | - Sheila J. Kerry
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N3AZ, UK; (S.J.K.); (A.P.L.)
| | - Ro J. Robotham
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, 1726 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Alex P. Leff
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N3AZ, UK; (S.J.K.); (A.P.L.)
| | - Randi Starrfelt
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, 1726 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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53
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Jung WH, Kim NH. Hippocampal Functional Connectivity Mediates the Impact of Acceptance on Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Severity. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:753. [PMID: 32848930 PMCID: PMC7406826 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) shows a negative association between patients' degrees of acceptance (the willingness to face unwanted private experiences while pursuing one's values and goals) and those of clinical symptom severity, suggesting that experiential acceptance is a protective factor of symptoms or an early indicator of resilience after trauma. However, neural mechanisms involved in the relationship between these two variables have yet to be elucidated. Thus, we here investigate whether there are neural mechanisms mediating such relationship using whole-brain voxel-level mediation analysis with seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) maps generated by hippocampal subregion seeds in accident survivors (n = 33). We found that the correlation between patients' acceptance and symptom severity was mediated by the RSFC strength between left hippocampal body and left lateral occipital cortex adjacent to superior parietal cortex, the areas related to flashbacks. Our result provides novel evidence that hippocampal RSFC mediates the effect of experiential acceptance on posttraumatic stress symptom severity. If further refined and validated, the finding may aid to the identification of biomarkers to intervention and prevention programs for patients with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wi Hoon Jung
- Department of Psychology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Maumtodac Psychiatric Clinic, Ansan, South Korea.,Suwon Smile Center for Criminal Victims, Suwon, South Korea
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54
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van Schie CC, Chiu CD, Rombouts SARB, Heiser WJ, Elzinga BM. When I relive a positive me: Vivid autobiographical memories facilitate autonoetic brain activation and enhance mood. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4859-4871. [PMID: 31348599 PMCID: PMC6852129 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autobiographical memory is vital for our well‐being and therefore used in therapeutic interventions. However, not much is known about the (neural) processes by which reliving memories can have beneficial effects. This study investigates what brain activation patterns and memory characteristics facilitate the effectiveness of reliving positive autobiographical memories for mood and sense of self. Particularly, the role of vividness and autonoetic consciousness is studied. Participants (N = 47) with a wide range of trait self‐esteem relived neutral and positive memories while their bold responses, experienced vividness of the memory, mood, and state self‐esteem were recorded. More vivid memories related to better mood and activation in amygdala, hippocampus and insula, indicative of increased awareness of oneself (i.e., prereflective aspect of autonoetic consciousness). Lower vividness was associated with increased activation in the occipital lobe, PCC, and precuneus, indicative of a more distant mode of reliving. While individuals with lower trait self‐esteem increased in state self‐esteem, they showed less deactivation of the lateral occipital cortex during positive memories. In sum, the vividness of the memory seemingly distinguished a more immersed and more distant manner of memory reliving. In particular, when reliving positive memories higher vividness facilitated increased prereflective autonoetic consciousness, which likely is instrumental in boosting mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte C van Schie
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Illawarra health and medical research institute and school of psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Chui-De Chiu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Serge A R B Rombouts
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J Heiser
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernet M Elzinga
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
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55
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Spiller MJ, Harkry L, McCullagh F, Thoma V, Jonas C. Exploring the relationship between grapheme colour-picking consistency and mental imagery. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190023. [PMID: 31630654 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has indicated a potential link between mental imagery and synaesthesia. However, these findings are mainly based on imagery self-report measures and recruitment of self-selected synaesthetes. To avoid issues of self-selection and demand effects, we recruited participants from the general population, rather than synaesthetes specifically, and used colour-picking consistency tests for letters and numbers to assess a 'synaesthete-like' experience. Mental imagery ability and mental rotation ability were assessed using both self-report measures and behavioural assessments. Consistency in colour-picking for letters (but not numbers) was predicted by performance on the visual mental imagery task but not by a mental rotation task or self-report measures. Using the consistency score as a proxy measure of grapheme-colour synaesthesia, we provide more evidence for the suggestion that synaesthetic experience is associated with enhanced mental imagery, even when participants are naive to the research topic. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Bridging senses: novel insights from synaesthesia'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee Harkry
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London E14 4LZ, UK
| | - Fintan McCullagh
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London E14 4LZ, UK
| | - Volker Thoma
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London E14 4LZ, UK
| | - Clare Jonas
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London E14 4LZ, UK
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56
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Shatek SM, Grootswagers T, Robinson AK, Carlson TA. Decoding Images in the Mind's Eye: The Temporal Dynamics of Visual Imagery. Vision (Basel) 2019; 3:E53. [PMID: 31735854 PMCID: PMC6969936 DOI: 10.3390/vision3040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental imagery is the ability to generate images in the mind in the absence of sensory input. Both perceptual visual processing and internally generated imagery engage large, overlapping networks of brain regions. However, it is unclear whether they are characterized by similar temporal dynamics. Recent magnetoencephalography work has shown that object category information was decodable from brain activity during mental imagery, but the timing was delayed relative to perception. The current study builds on these findings, using electroencephalography to investigate the dynamics of mental imagery. Sixteen participants viewed two images of the Sydney Harbour Bridge and two images of Santa Claus. On each trial, they viewed a sequence of the four images and were asked to imagine one of them, which was cued retroactively by its temporal location in the sequence. Time-resolved multivariate pattern analysis was used to decode the viewed and imagined stimuli. Although category and exemplar information was decodable for viewed stimuli, there were no informative patterns of activity during mental imagery. The current findings suggest stimulus complexity, task design and individual differences may influence the ability to successfully decode imagined images. We discuss the implications of these results in the context of prior findings of mental imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M. Shatek
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.G.); (A.K.R.); (T.A.C.)
| | - Tijl Grootswagers
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.G.); (A.K.R.); (T.A.C.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition & Its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Amanda K. Robinson
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.G.); (A.K.R.); (T.A.C.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition & Its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Perception in Action Research Centre & Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Thomas A. Carlson
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.G.); (A.K.R.); (T.A.C.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition & Its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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57
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Lefebvre E, D'Angiulli A. Imagery-Mediated Verbal Learning Depends on Vividness-Familiarity Interactions: The Possible Role of Dualistic Resting State Network Activity Interference. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9060143. [PMID: 31216699 PMCID: PMC6627679 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9060143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using secondary database analysis, we tested whether the (implicit) familiarity of eliciting noun-cues and the (explicit) vividness of corresponding imagery exerted additive or interactive influences on verbal learning, as measured by the probability of incidental noun recall and image latency times (RTs). Noun-cues with incongruent levels of vividness and familiarity (high/low; low/high, respectively) at encoding were subsequently associated at retrieval with the lowest recall probabilities, while noun-cues related with congruent levels (high/high; low/low) were associated with higher recall probabilities. RTs in the high vividness and high familiarity grouping were significantly faster than all other subsets (low/low, low/high, high/low) which did not significantly differ among each other. The findings contradict: (1) associative theories predicting positive monotonic relationships between memory strength and learning; and (2) non-monotonic plasticity hypothesis (NMPH), aiming at generalizing the non-monotonic relationship between a neuron's excitation level and its synaptic strength to broad neural networks. We propose a dualistic neuropsychological model of memory consolidation that mimics the global activity in two large resting-state networks (RSNs), the default mode network (DMN) and the task-positive-network (TPN). Based on this model, we suggest that incongruence and congruence between vividness and familiarity reflect, respectively, competition and synergy between DMN and TPN activity. We argue that competition or synergy between these RSNs at the time of stimulus encoding disproportionately influences long term semantic memory consolidation in healthy controls. These findings could assist in developing neurophenomenological markers of core memory deficits currently hypothesized to be shared across multiple psychopathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Lefebvre
- Neuroscience of Imagination Cognition and Emotion Research (NICER) Lab, Neuroscience Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Amedeo D'Angiulli
- Neuroscience of Imagination Cognition and Emotion Research (NICER) Lab, Neuroscience Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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58
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Sheldon S, Cool K, El-Asmar N. The processes involved in mentally constructing event- and scene-based autobiographical representations. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2019.1614004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Signy Sheldon
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kelly Cool
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nadim El-Asmar
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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59
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Dijkstra N, Bosch SE, van Gerven MA. Shared Neural Mechanisms of Visual Perception and Imagery. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:423-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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60
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Kleider-Offutt HM, Grant A, Turner JA. Common cortical areas involved in both auditory and visual imageries for novel stimuli. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:1279-1287. [PMID: 30859240 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We examine cross-modality commonalities in visual and auditory imageries during fMRI scanning in a sample of healthy young adults. In a visual task combining viewed and imagined stimuli, 28 participants were asked to imagine novel scenes related to the other images, and in a similar auditory task combining heard and imagined stimuli, to imagine novel sentences spoken by individuals they had heard speaking previously. We identified a common set of regions in medial and lateral Brodmann area 6, as well as inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44/45), partially supporting previous meta-analytic results. Comparing individuals with high or low reported imagery ability, we replicated a previous result showing individuals with lower visual imagery ability showed greater activation in the cerebellum, frontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while there was no relationship with auditory imagery ability in this sample. The emphasis on imagining novel stimuli, rather than familiar or previously experienced stimuli, confirms the role of the supramodal imagery network underlying creative imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Kleider-Offutt
- Department of Psychology and The Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5010, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - A Grant
- Department of Psychology and The Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5010, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - J A Turner
- Department of Psychology and The Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5010, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA.
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61
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Palmiero M, Piccardi L, Giancola M, Nori R, D'Amico S, Olivetti Belardinelli M. The format of mental imagery: from a critical review to an integrated embodied representation approach. Cogn Process 2019; 20:277-289. [PMID: 30798484 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-019-00908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The issue of the format of mental imagery is still an open debate. The classical analogue (depictive)-propositional (descriptive) debate has not provided definitive conclusions. Over the years, the debate has shifted within the frame of the embodied cognition approach, which focuses on the interdependence of perception, cognition and action. Although the simulation approach still retains the concept of representation, the more radical line of the embodied cognition approach emphasizes the importance of action and clearly disregards the concept of representation. In particular, the enactive approach focuses on motor procedures that allow the body to interact with the environment, whereas the sensorimotor approach focuses on the possession and exercise of sensorimotor knowledge about how the sensory input changes as a function of movement. In this review, the embodied approaches are presented and critically discussed. Then, in an attempt to show that the format of mental imagery varies according to the ability and the strategy used to represent information, the role of individual differences in imagery ability (e.g., vividness and expertise) and imagery strategy (e.g., object vs. spatial imagers) is reviewed. Since vividness is mainly associated with perceptual information, reflecting the activation level of specific imagery systems, whereas the preferred strategy used is mainly associated with perceptual (e.g., object imagery) or amodal and motor information (e.g., spatial imagery), the format of mental imagery appears to be based on dynamic embodied representations, depending on imagery abilities and imagery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Palmiero
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Laura Piccardi
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Giancola
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Raffaella Nori
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simonetta D'Amico
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marta Olivetti Belardinelli
- ECONA, Interuniversity Centre for Research on Cognitive Processing in Natural and Artificial Systems, Rome, Italy
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62
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Boccia M, Sulpizio V, Teghil A, Palermo L, Piccardi L, Galati G, Guariglia C. The dynamic contribution of the high-level visual cortex to imagery and perception. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2449-2463. [PMID: 30702203 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental imagery and visual perception rely on the same content-dependent brain areas in the high-level visual cortex (HVC). However, little is known about dynamic mechanisms in these areas during imagery and perception. Here we disentangled local and inter-regional dynamic mechanisms underlying imagery and perception in the HVC and the hippocampus (HC), a key region for memory retrieval during imagery. Nineteen healthy participants watched or imagined a familiar scene or face during fMRI acquisition. The neural code for familiar landmarks and faces was distributed across the HVC and the HC, although with a different representational structure, and generalized across imagery and perception. However, different regional adaptation effects and inter-regional functional couplings were detected for faces and landmarks during imagery and perception. The left PPA showed opposite adaptation effects, with activity suppression following repeated observation of landmarks, but enhancement following repeated imagery of landmarks. Also, functional coupling between content-dependent brain areas of the HVC and HC changed as a function of task and content. These findings provide important information about the dynamic networks underlying imagery and perception in the HVC and shed some light upon the thin line between imagery and perception which has characterized the neuropsychological debates on mental imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Boccia
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Sulpizio
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Teghil
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Piccardi
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L'Aquila University, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gaspare Galati
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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63
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Iaccarino L, Sala A, Caminiti SP, Santangelo R, Iannaccone S, Magnani G, Perani D. The brain metabolic signature of visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies. Cortex 2018; 108:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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64
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Zeman A, MacKisack M, Onians J. The Eye's mind - Visual imagination, neuroscience and the humanities. Cortex 2018; 105:1-3. [PMID: 30017090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Zeman
- Cognitive Neurology Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK.
| | - Matthew MacKisack
- Cognitive Neurology Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK.
| | - John Onians
- Department of Art History and World Art Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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65
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Bathelt J, Holmes J, Astle DE. Data-Driven Subtyping of Executive Function-Related Behavioral Problems in Children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 57:252-262.e4. [PMID: 29588051 PMCID: PMC5889789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Executive functions (EF) are cognitive skills that are important for regulating behavior and for achieving goals. Executive function deficits are common in children who struggle in school and are associated with multiple neurodevelopmental disorders. However, there is also considerable heterogeneity across children, even within diagnostic categories. This study took a data-driven approach to identify distinct clusters of children with common profiles of EF-related difficulties, and then identified patterns of brain organization that distinguish these data-driven groups. METHOD The sample consisted of 442 children identified by health and educational professionals as having difficulties in attention, learning, and/or memory. We applied community clustering, a data-driven clustering algorithm, to group children by similarities on a commonly used rating scale of EF-associated behavioral difficulties, the Conners 3 questionnaire. We then investigated whether the groups identified by the algorithm could be distinguished on white matter connectivity using a structural connectomics approach combined with partial least squares analysis. RESULTS The data-driven clustering yielded 3 distinct groups of children with symptoms of one of the following: (1) elevated inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, and poor EF; (2) learning problems; or (3) aggressive behavior and problems with peer relationships. These groups were associated with significant interindividual variation in white matter connectivity of the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices. CONCLUSION In sum, data-driven classification of EF-related behavioral difficulties identified stable groups of children, provided a good account of interindividual differences, and aligned closely with underlying neurobiological substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Bathelt
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Joni Holmes
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan E. Astle
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
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Aldworth S. The art of imagination. Cortex 2018; 105:173-181. [PMID: 30060875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Scientific studies of visual imagery, well represented in this Special Issue, tend to focus on our capacity to 'see' things in the mind's eye in their absence. Yet the visual imagination, as described and used by practising artists, is a much richer and more complex ability, cultivated by artistic training, strongly linked to personality and emotion and often exercised in the act of creation rather than a passive 'visualising'. This Viewpoint complements the scientific studies represented here by reporting the thoughts and views of a number of artists on their own experience of visual imagination and is illustrated by a series of works that exemplify the output of the author's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Aldworth
- Central St Martin's, 1, Granary Building, Granary Square, Kings Cross, London N1C 4AA, UK.
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