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Cho HW, Lee S, Min KJ, Hong JH, Song JY, Lee JK, Lee NW, Kim T. Advances in the Treatment and Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Ovarian Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7792. [PMID: 33096794 PMCID: PMC7589665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to improvements in chemotherapeutic agents, cancer treatment efficacy and cancer patient survival rates have greatly improved, but unfortunately gonadal damage remains a major complication. Gonadotoxic chemotherapy, including alkylating agents during reproductive age, can lead to iatrogenic premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), and loss of fertility. In recent years, the demand for fertility preservation has increased dramatically among female cancer patients. Currently, embryo and oocyte cryopreservation are the only established options for fertility preservation in women. However, there is growing evidence for other experimental techniques including ovarian tissue cryopreservation, oocyte in vitro maturation, artificial ovaries, stem cell technologies, and ovarian suppression. To prevent fertility loss in women with cancer, individualized fertility preservation options including established and experimental techniques that take into consideration the patient's age, marital status, chemotherapy regimen, and the possibility of treatment delay should be provided. In addition, effective multidisciplinary oncofertility strategies that involve a highly skilled and experienced oncofertility team consisting of medical oncologists, gynecologists, reproductive biologists, surgical oncologists, patient care coordinators, and research scientists are necessary to provide cancer patients with high-quality care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.-W.C.); (K.-J.M.); (J.H.H.); (J.Y.S.); (J.K.L.); (N.W.L.); (T.K.)
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Perachino M, Massarotti C, Razeti MG, Parisi F, Arecco L, Damassi A, Fregatti P, Solinas C, Lambertini M. Gender-specific aspects related to type of fertility preservation strategies and access to fertility care. ESMO Open 2020; 5:e000771. [PMID: 33115753 PMCID: PMC7594356 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivorship is an area of paramount importance to be addressed as early as possible after cancer diagnosis by all health care providers. On this regard, cancer care in young patients often poses several age-related considerations among which fertility and pregnancy-related issues have a crucial role. According to the available guidelines on the topic, all patients with cancer diagnosed during their reproductive years should be provided a proper oncofertility counselling before starting anticancer treatments. This is an important step in order to inform patients about the potential treatment-induced gonadotoxicity and the available strategies for fertility preservation so that they can be referred as early as possible to fertility specialists if potentially interested in these options.In this manuscript, we aim to provide an up to date overview on the available efficacy and safety data with the main strategies for fertility preservation in male and female cancer patients in order to help optimising the oncofertility counselling performed by healthcare providers involved in cancer care and dealing with young patients. In male patients with cancer, sperm cryopreservation is the standard technique for fertility preservation. Oocyte/embryo cryopreservation, ovarian tissue cryopreservation and temporary ovarian suppression with luteinising hormone-releasing hormone agonists during chemotherapy are the main options in female patients with cancer.A multidisciplinary management building a strong network between fertility and oncology/haematology units is crucial to properly address fertility care in all young patients with cancer, at both diagnosis and during oncologic follow-up. Discussing fertility and pregnancy-related issues with young patients with cancer has to be considered mandatory nowadays keeping in mind that returning to a normal life (including the possibility to have a family and to live with as few side effects as possible) should be considered an important ambition in cancer care in the 21st century .
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perachino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Liguria, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudia Massarotti
- Physiopatology of Human Reproduction Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Razeti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Liguria, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Liguria, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Arecco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Liguria, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Damassi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Liguria, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Piero Fregatti
- Department of Surgery, U.O.C. Clinica di Chirurgia Senologica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Integrated Diagnostic Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Solinas
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Tutela della Salute Sardegna, Hospital A. Segni Ozieri, Sassari, Italy
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Liguria, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
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Arecco L, Perachino M, Damassi A, Latocca MM, Soldato D, Vallome G, Parisi F, Razeti MG, Solinas C, Tagliamento M, Spinaci S, Massarotti C, Lambertini M. Burning Questions in the Oncofertility Counseling of Young Breast Cancer Patients. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2020; 14:1178223420954179. [PMID: 32952399 PMCID: PMC7476336 DOI: 10.1177/1178223420954179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The improved prognosis of breast cancer patients makes survivorship issues an area of crucial importance. In this regard, an increased attention is needed toward the development of potential anticancer treatment-related long-term side-effects, including gonadal failure and infertility in young women. Therefore, fertility preservation and family planning are crucial issues to be addressed in all young women of reproductive age with newly diagnosed cancer. Despite a growing availability of data on the efficacy and safety of fertility preservation options and the fact that conceiving after prior history of breast cancer has become more accepted over time, there are still several gray zones in this field so that many physicians remain uncomfortable to deal with these topics. The purpose of this review is to answer some of the most controversial questions frequently asked by patients during their oncofertility counseling, in order to provide a detailed and up-to-date overview on the evidence available in this field to physicians involved in the care of young women with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Arecco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Marta Perachino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Damassi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Latocca
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Soldato
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Vallome
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Razeti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Solinas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Tutela della Salute Sardegna, Hospital A.Segni Ozieri, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Tagliamento
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Spinaci
- Division of Breast Surgery, Ospedale Villa Scassi e ASL3, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudia Massarotti
- Physiopathology of Human Reproduction Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Marin L, Vitagliano A, Capobianco G, Dessole F, Ambrosini G, Andrisani A. Which is the optimal timing for starting chemoprotection with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists after oocyte cryopreservation? Reflections on a critical case of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020; 50:101815. [PMID: 32562778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim of this report is to alert clinicians about the potential significant sequelae of administering depot gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) shortly after oocytes cryopreservation. In our case report, a 28-year-old nulligravid Caucasian woman diagnosed with breast cancer underwent controlled ovarian stimulation-oocyte cryopreservation before chemotherapy. The oocyte retrieval was performed without complications and the woman was discharged after five hours. Three days later, the patient self-injected depot-GnRHa as chemoprotective agent, as indicated by the oncologist. The next day, the patient referred to the emergency room and she was diagnosed with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and required inpatient care. As a consequence, the start of the chemotherapy was delayed by two weeks. In conclusion, chemoprotection with depot-GnRHa after oocyte/embryo cryopreservation is not exempt from risks. The timing for depot-GnRHa administration should be established by the agreement between oncologist and gynecologist in order to avoid the risk of OHSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Marin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Salus Pueri, Padua, Italy.
| | - Amerigo Vitagliano
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Salus Pueri, Padua, Italy
| | - Giampiero Capobianco
- Department of Surgical, Microsurgical and Medical Sciences, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Dessole
- Department of Surgical, Microsurgical and Medical Sciences, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Guido Ambrosini
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Salus Pueri, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Andrisani
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Salus Pueri, Padua, Italy
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Ghunaim S, Ghazeeri G, Khalife D, Azim HA. Fertility preservation in patients with BRCA mutation. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:1033. [PMID: 32419845 PMCID: PMC7221131 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests a likely negative impact of deleterious BRCA mutations on female fertility. Hence, different studies have aimed to address the reproductive potential and performance of fertility preservation strategies in BRCA-mutated breast cancer patients with a prime focus on their safety and efficacy. However, several uncertainties exist in many domains of this field. The aim of the current paper is to overview the reproductive potential and fertility preservation options in breast and ovarian cancer patients harbouring a BRCA mutation. We also discuss pre-implantation genetic testing in an attempt to help physicians during oncofertility counselling of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Ghunaim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Haifa Idriss-ART Unit, American University of Beirut Medical Center, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Ghina Ghazeeri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Haifa Idriss-ART Unit, American University of Beirut Medical Center, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Dalia Khalife
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Haifa Idriss-ART Unit, American University of Beirut Medical Center, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Hatem A Azim
- Breast Cancer Centre, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza Garcia, Mexico
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56
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Sella T, Partridge AH. Fertility Counseling and Preservation in Breast Cancer. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-019-00348-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Durrani S, Heena H. Controversies Regarding Ovarian Suppression and Infertility in Early Stage Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:813-817. [PMID: 32104064 PMCID: PMC7008199 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s231524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A common side effect of chemotherapy in breast cancer is early menopause in premenopausal patients, which is mainly a result of an indirect form of ovarian ablation, and is associated with substantial impairment of quality of life. Suppressing the production of ovarian estrogen has been shown to reduce the recurrence of hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer in premenopausal women, but whether it has an added advantage over tamoxifen is being discussed. Types of permanent ablation of the ovarian function include surgical oophorectomy and radiation-induced ovarian failure. Both are associated with similar response rates in hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. Medical castration with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs (LHRHa) has the benefit of being a reversible approach. Another advantage that premenopausal patients who wish to reduce the risk of developing premature ovarian insufficiency induced by chemotherapy may be offered LHRHa irrespective of whether they desire pregnancy and their age at diagnosis. This also helps reduce the risk of menopausal signs and symptoms as well as the loss of bone density in the long-term, which are primary concerns for women. This is of utmost importance to premenopausal women who do not want to conceive after treatment or are not candidates for fertility preservation strategies because of age. It should be emphasized that for women who are interested in fertility preservation, gamete cryopreservation remains the first option, and LHRHa is not an alternative. During chemotherapy, however, temporary ovarian suppression with LHRHa may be given to women who either have no access to a fertility clinic or who have declined chemotherapy or have contraindications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Durrani
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Humariya Heena
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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58
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Abstract
Over the past decades, progresses in oncology have improved the recovery rates after numerous malignant diseases, including breast cancer, that strike young adults in childbearing age. Quality of life of young cancer survivors has become a major issue. However, anticancer therapies can have a detrimental impact on fertility. It is now well-established that all patients should receive information about the fertility risks associated with their cancer treatment and the fertility preservation options available. These techniques aim to limit the negative impact of chemotherapy on the ovaries or to preserve gametes before treatment. Currently, oocyte or embryo freezing after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation represents the most effective method for preserving female fertility. Over the past years innovative protocols of ovarian stimulation have been developed to enable breast cancer patients to undergo oocyte or embryo cryopreservation irrespective of the phase of the cycle or without exogenous follicle-stimulating hormone related increase in serum estradiol levels. When controlled ovarian hyperstimualtion cannot be implemented, other techniques such as cryopreservation of ovarian cortex, in vitro maturation or the use of GnRH agonists may be proposed. However, it is important to inform patients that all these fertility preservation techniques do not represent a guarantee of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Sonigo
- Service de médecine de la reproduction et préservation de la fertilité, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, 92140 Clamart, France; INSERM U1185, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Michaël Grynberg
- Service de médecine de la reproduction et préservation de la fertilité, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, 92140 Clamart, France; INSERM U1133, Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Sophie Bringer
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, CHRU, 371, avenue du Doyen-Gaston-Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Sermondade
- Service de biologie de la reproduction - CECOS, hôpital Tenon, 75020 Ap-HP, Paris, France
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59
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Luong SN, Isaacs A, Liu Z, Sin FE, Giles I. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the gonadotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide and benefits of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) in women of child-bearing age with autoimmune rheumatic disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:321-333. [PMID: 32005081 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1724091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To systematically review risk of sustained amenorrhea with intravenous (IV) cyclophosphamide in autoimmune rheumatic disease (ARD), and evaluate efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) to reduce this risk.Methods: Systematic search for papers reporting incidence of sustained amenorrhea ≥12 months in ARD following: IV cyclophosphamide; or GnRHa and IV cyclophosphamide compared to IV cyclophosphamide alone.Results: From 31 articles and 1388 patients (mean age 27.7 years) sustained amenorrhea occurred in 273 patients (19.7%). Of 56 patients (mean age range 23.9-25.6 years) receiving GnRHa and IV cyclophosphamide, and 37 controls (mean age range 25-30.1 years) given IV cyclophosphamide only, sustained amenorrhea occurred in 2/56 (3.6%) patients treated with GnRHa, compared to 15/37 (40.5%) controls. Pooled odds ratio of sustained amenorrhea with GnRHa and cyclophosphamide versus cyclophosphamide alone was 0.054 (95% CI 0.0115-0.2576 p < 0.001), corresponding to a number needed to treat of 2.7 (95% CI 1.955-4.388) and absolute risk reduction of 36.95% (95% CI 35.6-38.4%).Conclusion: Sustained amenorrhea with IV cyclophosphamide was observed in patients with ARD, especially with increasing age and cumulative doses >5 g. GnRHa reduced this risk and should be considered with IV cyclophosphamide in women of childbearing age with ARD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Nan Luong
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK.,Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony Isaacs
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fang E Sin
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ian Giles
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK.,Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Janjic MM, Prévide RM, Fletcher PA, Sherman A, Smiljanic K, Abebe D, Bjelobaba I, Stojilkovic SS. Divergent expression patterns of pituitary gonadotropin subunit and GnRH receptor genes to continuous GnRH in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20098. [PMID: 31882740 PMCID: PMC6934515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous, as opposed to pulsatile, delivery of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) leads to a marked decrease in secretion of pituitary gonadotropins LH and FSH and impairment of reproductive function. Here we studied the expression profile of gonadotropin subunit and GnRH receptor genes in rat pituitary in vitro and in vivo to clarify their expression profiles in the absence and continuous presence of GnRH. Culturing of pituitary cells in GnRH-free conditions downregulated Fshb, Cga, and Gnrhr expression, whereas continuous treatment with GnRH agonists upregulated Cga expression progressively and Gnrhr and Fshb expression transiently, accompanied by a prolonged blockade of Fshb but not Gnrhr expression. In contrast, Lhb expression was relatively insensitive to loss of endogenous GnRH and continuous treatment with GnRH, probably reflecting the status of Egr1 and Nr5a1 expression. Similar patterns of responses were observed in vivo after administration of a GnRH agonist. However, continuous treatment with GnRH stimulated LH secretion in vitro and in vivo, leading to decrease in LH cell content despite high basal Lhb expression. These data suggest that blockade of Fshb expression and depletion of the LH secretory pool are two major factors accounting for weakening of the gonadotroph secretory function during continuous GnRH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija M Janjic
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Institute for Biological Research Sinisa Stankovic - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rafael M Prévide
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Patrick A Fletcher
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Arthur Sherman
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kosara Smiljanic
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Abebe
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ivana Bjelobaba
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Institute for Biological Research Sinisa Stankovic - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stanko S Stojilkovic
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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61
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Scaruffi P, Stigliani S, Cardinali B, Massarotti C, Lambertini M, Sozzi F, Dellepiane C, Merlo DF, Anserini P, Del Mastro L. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonists Have an Anti-apoptotic Effect on Cumulus Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236045. [PMID: 31801245 PMCID: PMC6928931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovaries are sensitive to chemotherapy, which may lead to early depletion of primordial follicle reserve. One strategy for gonadal function preservation is temporary ovarian suppression with Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone agonists (GnRHa) during chemotherapy. To date, GnRHa protective mechanism of action remains not fully elucidated. Methods: We collected 260 immature cumulus cell-oocyte complexes (COC) from 111 women < 38 years old, with a normal ovarian reserve. The COC were randomly assigned to the following groups: (a) control; culture with the addition of (b) GnRHa; (c) cyclophosphamide; (d) cyclophosphamide plus GnRHa. After in vitro treatments, RNA and proteins were extracted from oocytes and cumulus cells (CC), separately. Potential effects of drugs were evaluated on GnRH receptors, apoptosis pathways, ceramide pathway, and glutathione synthesis by quantitative PCR and, whenever possible, by Western blot. Results: Cyclophosphamide triggered activation of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis mediated by BAX in CC. The co-administration of GnRHa inhibited the apoptosis pathway in CC. According to our model, the GnRHa does not directly act on oocytes, which do not express GnRH receptors. Moreover, glutathione synthesis was decreased after GnRHa treatment both in CC and oocytes. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the protective mechanisms induced by GnRHa is mediated by an anti-apoptotic effect on CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Scaruffi
- UOS Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (P.S.); (S.S.); (F.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Sara Stigliani
- UOS Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (P.S.); (S.S.); (F.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Barbara Cardinali
- Breast Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.C.); (C.D.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Claudia Massarotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- U.O.C. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-555-4254
| | - Fausta Sozzi
- UOS Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (P.S.); (S.S.); (F.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Chiara Dellepiane
- Breast Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.C.); (C.D.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Domenico Franco Merlo
- Infrastruttura Ricerca e Statistica, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Paola Anserini
- UOS Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (P.S.); (S.S.); (F.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Lucia Del Mastro
- Breast Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.C.); (C.D.); (L.D.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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62
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Salama M, Anazodo A, Woodruff TK. Preserving fertility in female patients with hematological malignancies: a multidisciplinary oncofertility approach. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1760-1775. [PMID: 31418765 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncofertility is a new interdisciplinary field at the intersection of oncology and reproductive medicine that expands fertility options for young cancer patients. The most common forms of hematological malignancies that occur in girls and young women and therefore necessitate oncofertility care are acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Aggressive gonadotoxic anticancer regimens including alkylating chemotherapy and total body irradiation are used often in treating girls and young women with hematological malignancies. The risks of gonadotoxicity and subsequent iatrogenic premature ovarian insufficiency and fertility loss depend mainly on the type and stage of the disease, dose of anticancer therapy as well as the age of the patient at the beginning of treatment. To avoid or at least mitigate the devastating complications of anticancer therapy-induced gonadotoxicity, effective and comprehensive strategies that integrate different options for preserving and restoring fertility ranging from established to experimental strategies should be offered before, during, and after chemotherapy or radiotherapy. A multidisciplinary approach that involves strong coordination and collaboration between hemato-oncologists, gynecologists, reproductive biologists, research scientists, and patient navigators is essential to guarantee high standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine-Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - A Anazodo
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Nelune Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - T K Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine-Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
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The Impact of Chemotherapy on the Ovaries: Molecular Aspects and the Prevention of Ovarian Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215342. [PMID: 31717833 PMCID: PMC6862107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, induces early ovarian follicular depletion and subsequent infertility. In order to protect gametes from the gonadotoxic effects of chemotherapy, several fertility preservation techniques—such as oocyte or embryo cryopreservation with or without ovarian stimulation, or cryopreservation of the ovarian cortex—should be considered. However, these methods may be difficult to perform, and the future use of cryopreserved germ cells remains uncertain. Therefore, improving the methods currently available and developing new strategies to preserve fertility represent major challenges in the area of oncofertility. Animal and ovarian culture models have been used to decipher the effects of different cytotoxic agents on ovarian function and several theories regarding chemotherapy gonadotoxicity have been raised. For example, cytotoxic agents might (i) have a direct detrimental effect on the DNA of primordial follicles constituting the ovarian reserve and induce apoptosis; (ii) induce a massive growth of dormant follicles, which are then destroyed; or (ii) induce vascular ovarian damage. Thanks to improvements in the understanding of the mechanisms involved, a large number of studies have been carried out to develop molecules limiting the negative impact of chemotherapy on the ovaries.
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64
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Grynberg M, Sermondade N. Fertility preservation: should we reconsider the terminology? Hum Reprod 2019; 34:1855-1857. [PMID: 31553798 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The term 'fertility preservation' embraces techniques that are actually mostly based on gamete and gonadal tissue cryopreservation. While the efficiency of these techniques in terms of live births remains difficult to establish, it is remarkable that this ambiguous terminology is routinely used and seems currently well accepted. In order to limit false hopes about the real chances of truly preserving fertility, our medical community should discuss qualifying the term 'fertility preservation'. 'Gamete or gonadal tissue cryopreservation' could appear as a more unambiguous and realistic term. However, it probably captures only a segment of a more global 'fertility preservation' process. Discussing how and when to use which terminology, and even finding a more realistic and unifying term, should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Grynberg
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clamart, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Nathalie Sermondade
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, INSERM UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris, France
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65
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Ciccarone M, Hohaus S, Pulsoni A, Cavaceppi P, Franzò S, Fabbri R, Cudillo L, Battistini R, Di Rocco A, Annibali O, Cox MC, Provenzano I, Abruzzese E, Renzi D, Tesei C, Anticoli Borza P, Cuccaro A, Andriani A, D'Elia GM, Facchiano A, Marchetti P, Cantonetti M. Preliminary results of a counselling programme for fertility preservation in female cancer patients: The experience of the GEMME DORMIENTI network. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019; 29:e13174. [PMID: 31571303 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a population of patients referred for fertility preservation (FP), how to efficiently provide FP care, and how FP care changed over time. METHODS This longitudinal observational study enrolled 281 female cancer patients referred between 2013 and 2016 to the non-profit organisation Gemme Dormienti ONLUS (GD) for FP care. All patients underwent the same battery of instrumental and laboratory diagnostic tests. GnRHa therapy was started at least seven days before CTh treatment. RESULTS From 2013 to 2016, we observed a progressive increase in the number of patients referred for FP care. Out of 251 eligible patients, 135 patients were treated with GnRHa only, and 72 patients underwent GnRHa therapy and cryopreservation. The median time from GD referral to oocyte and ovarian tissue cryopreservation was 11 and 5 days respectively. Tissue cryopreservation requests increased during our study period (from four cases in 2013 to 17 cases in 2016). During follow-up, 17β-estradiol and FSH levels were significantly increased (p < .0001), and AMH levels were significantly decreased (p < .0001). CONCLUSION The rapid increase in the number of patients who requested FP care and in the complexity of FP procedures overtime reflects the need to improve quality of life for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariavita Ciccarone
- Department of Gynaecology, San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Gemme Dormienti Association ONLUS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan Hohaus
- Policlinico Gemelli Foundation, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pulsoni
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Haematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Raffaella Fabbri
- Gynaecology and Physiopathology of Human Reproduction Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Cudillo
- Haematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Tor Vergata University, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Battistini
- A.O. San Camillo Forlanini U.O.C. Ematologia e Trapianti CSE, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Di Rocco
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Haematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ombretta Annibali
- UOC Haematology Stem Cell Transplantation, University Campus Bio Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Christina Cox
- Haematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Ida Provenzano
- UOC Oncoematologia Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Renzi
- Haematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Annarosa Cuccaro
- Policlinico Gemelli Foundation, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Andriani
- UOSD di Ematologia, Rome, Italy.,UOC di Ematologia, Osp. F. Spaziani, ASL Frosinone, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianna Maria D'Elia
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Haematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cantonetti
- UOC Oncoematologia Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Ferreira AR, Ribeiro J, Miranda A, Mayer A, Passos-Coelho JL, Brito M, Fernandes J, Gouveia J, Costa L, Vaz-Luis I. Effectiveness of Adjuvant Ovarian Function Suppression in Premenopausal Women With Early Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Cohort Study. Clin Breast Cancer 2019; 19:e654-e667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Roness H, Spector I, Leichtmann-Bardoogo Y, Savino AM, Dereh-Haim S, Meirow D. Pharmacological administration of recombinant human AMH rescues ovarian reserve and preserves fertility in a mouse model of chemotherapy, without interfering with anti-tumoural effects. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:1793-1803. [PMID: 31250176 PMCID: PMC6730972 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether pharmacological administration of recombinant human anti-Mullerian hormone (rAMH) protects the ovarian reserve and preserves fertility without interfering with anti-tumoural cytotoxic action of chemotherapy. METHODS Intraperitoneal delivery of rAMH and ovarian post-receptor activity were assessed with immunohistochemistry and western blot. Differential follicle counts and reproductive outcomes were assessed after cyclophosphamide (Cy) administration, with/without concurrent administration of rAMH. Interference of rAMH with Cy chemotoxicity was assessed on a human breast cancer cell line and an in vivo mouse model of human leukaemia. RESULTS rAMH reached the ovary after intraperitoneal injection and demonstrated post-receptor bioactivity. Cy administration in mice caused primordial follicle activation, as shown by a decrease in primordial follicle population accompanied by an increase in early growing follicles and granulosa cell proliferation. Co-administration of rAMH reduced follicle activation, thereby protecting the primordial follicle reserve, and improving long-term fertility and reproductive outcomes. rAMH co-administration did not interfere with the cytotoxic actions of Cy in vitro on breast cancer cell line or in vivo in a model of human leukaemia. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that rAMH is bioactive in the ovary for a limited time, and that pharmacological administration of rAMH during chemotherapy treatment reduces follicle activation and primordial follicle loss and significantly improves reproductive outcomes in a mouse model, and does not interfere with the therapeutic actions of the treatment. Further investigation is necessary to determine whether it has similar protective effects in the human ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Roness
- Fertility Preservation Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - I Spector
- Fertility Preservation Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Y Leichtmann-Bardoogo
- Fertility Preservation Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - A M Savino
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sanaz Dereh-Haim
- Fertility Preservation Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dror Meirow
- Fertility Preservation Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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68
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Blumenfeld Z. Fertility Preservation Using GnRH Agonists: Rationale, Possible Mechanisms, and Explanation of Controversy. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2019; 13:1179558119870163. [PMID: 31488958 PMCID: PMC6710670 DOI: 10.1177/1179558119870163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The only clinically accepted method of fertility preservation in young women facing gonadotoxic chemo- and/or radiotherapy for malignant or autoimmune diseases is cryopreservation of embryos or unfertilized ova, whereas cryopreservation of ovarian tissue for future reimplantation, or in vitro maturation of follicles, and the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) are still considered investigational, by several authorities. Whereas previous publications have raised the fear of GnRHa's possible detrimental effects in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that it either improves or does not affect disease-free survival (DFS) in such patients. This review summarizes the pros and cons of GnRHa co-treatment for fertility preservation, suggesting 5 theoretical mechanisms for GnRHa action: (1) simulating the prepubertal hypogonadotropic milieu, (2) direct effect on GnRH receptors, (3) decreased ovarian perfusion, (4) upregulation of an ovarian-protecting molecule such as sphingosine-1-phosphate, and (5) protecting a possible germinative stem cell. We try to explain the reasons for the discrepancy between most publications that support the use of GnRHa for fertility preservation and the minority of publications that did not support its efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Blumenfeld
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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69
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Poggio F, Lambertini M, Bighin C, Conte B, Blondeaux E, D'Alonzo A, Dellepiane C, Buzzatti G, Molinelli C, Boccardo F, Del Mastro L. Potential Mechanisms of Ovarian Protection with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist in Breast Cancer Patients: A Review. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2019; 13:1179558119864584. [PMID: 31391786 PMCID: PMC6669835 DOI: 10.1177/1179558119864584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of chemotherapy in premenopausal cancer patients may lead to chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure. Pharmacological temporary ovarian suppression obtained with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) administered concomitantly with chemotherapy has been investigated as a technique capable to reduce the gonadotoxicity, reducing the risk of developing premature menopause. In recent years, important evidence has become available on the efficacy and safety of this strategy that should now be considered a standard option for ovarian function preservation in premenopausal breast cancer patients. However, in women interested in fertility preservation, this is not an alternative to cryopreservation strategies, which remains the first option to be proposed. The purpose of this review is to summarize the mechanisms of GnRHa in the preservation of fertility in premenopausal cancer patient candidates to receive chemotherapy, highlighting the areas of doubt that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudia Bighin
- UO Breast Unit, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Benedetta Conte
- UO Breast Unit, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Eva Blondeaux
- UO Breast Unit, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, IST, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulia Buzzatti
- UO Breast Unit, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, IST, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Boccardo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucia Del Mastro
- UO Breast Unit, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, IST, Genova, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Vanni VS, De Lorenzo R, Privitera L, Canti V, Viganò P, Rovere-Querini P. Safety of fertility treatments in women with systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs). Expert Opin Drug Saf 2019; 18:841-852. [PMID: 31238745 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2019.1636964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (SADs) include systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren's syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and vasculitis. SADs often occur in women of childbearing age and can affect fertility. Both infertility treatments and fertility preservation techniques are thus often indicated. Areas covered: The literature regarding the safety of fertility-related drugs for both fertility preservation and infertility treatment in patients affected by SADs was reviewed. Based on current knowledge, all the options for fertility preservation should be contemplated in patients with SADs who are at risk for fertility loss, including GnRH analogue administration, oocyte/embryo vitrification and ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Similarly, if pregnancy is not contraindicated in a patient with a SAD, neither should be any fertility treatment. Expert opinion: Women with SADs should postpone conception until a stable disease has been achieved for at least 6 months. When infertility treatments are needed, women with antiphospholipid antibodies should receive concomitant anticoagulation. If in vitro fertilization/intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer is required, ovarian hyperstimulation and the inherent risk of thrombosis should be eliminated by GnRH-agonist trigger and cycle segmentation. Counselling about adherence to anti-rheumatic therapy to prevent disease exacerbations is also critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Vanni
- a Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy.,b Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milan , Italy
| | - R De Lorenzo
- b Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milan , Italy
| | - L Privitera
- c Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - V Canti
- b Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milan , Italy
| | - P Viganò
- a Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - P Rovere-Querini
- b Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milan , Italy.,d Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
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Lambertini M, Richard F, Nguyen B, Viglietti G, Villarreal-Garza C. Ovarian Function and Fertility Preservation in Breast Cancer: Should Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist be administered to All Premenopausal Patients Receiving Chemotherapy? CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2019; 13:1179558119828393. [PMID: 30886529 PMCID: PMC6410390 DOI: 10.1177/1179558119828393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is one of the potential drawbacks of chemotherapy use of particular concern for newly diagnosed premenopausal breast cancer patients. Temporary ovarian suppression obtained pharmacologically with the administration of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) during chemotherapy has been specifically developed as a method to counteract chemotherapy-induced gonadotoxicity with the main goal of diminishing the risk of POI. In recent years, important clinical evidence has become available on the efficacy and safety of this strategy that should now be considered a standard option for ovarian function preservation in premenopausal breast cancer patients, including women who are not interested in conceiving after treatment or that would not be candidates for fertility preservation strategies because of their age. Nevertheless, in women interested in fertility preservation, this is not an alternative to gamete cryopreservation, which remains as the first option to be offered. In this setting, temporary ovarian suppression with GnRHa during chemotherapy should be also proposed following gamete cryopreservation or to women who have no access, refuse, or have contraindications to surgical fertility preservation techniques. In this article, we present an overview about the role of temporary ovarian suppression with GnRHa during chemotherapy in breast cancer patients by addressing the available clinical evidence with the aim of identifying both the best candidates for the use of this strategy and the still existing gray zones requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lambertini
- Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - François Richard
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bastien Nguyen
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulia Viglietti
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cynthia Villarreal-Garza
- Centro de Cancer de Mama del Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.,Departamento de Investigacion y de Tumores Mamarios del Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
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