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Wei Z, Liu G, Jia R, Zhang W, Li L, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Bai X. Targeting secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth, migration and invasion via downregulation of AKT. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9400. [PMID: 32742768 PMCID: PMC7367054 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a serine protease inhibitor which plays important role in bacterial infection, inflammation, wound healing and epithelial proliferation. Dysregulation of SLPI has been reported in a variety of human cancers including glioblastoma, lung, breast, ovarian and colorectal carcinomas and is associated with tumor aggressiveness and metastatic potential. However, the pathogenic role of SLPI in colorectal cancer is still unclear. Here we showed that SLPI mRNA level was significantly upregulated in colorectal cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal controls. Targeting SLPI by siRNA inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells lines HT29 and HT116 in vitro. Mechanistically, blockage of cancer cell growth and metastasis after SLPI knockdown was associated with down-regulation of AKT signaling. In conclusion, SLPI regulated colorectal cell growth and metastasis via AKT signaling. SLPI may be a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for colorectal cancer. Targeting AKT signaling may be effective for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijiang Wei
- The First Department of Surgical Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Guiying Liu
- The First Department of Surgical Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Rufu Jia
- The Brain Science Unit, CangZhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The First Department of Surgical Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- The Brain Science Unit, CangZhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The First Department of Surgical Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Zhijing Wang
- The Brain Science Unit, CangZhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xiyong Bai
- The First Department of Surgical Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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Madendag IC, Sahin ME, Madendag Y, Sahin E, Karakukcu C. Evaluation of the levels of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in the cervical mucus of women with unexplained infertility. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:1128-1132. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Col Madendag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kayseri City Hospital Kayseri Turkey
| | | | - Yusuf Madendag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erciyes University Medicine Faculty Kayseri Turkey
| | - Erdem Sahin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erciyes University Medicine Faculty Kayseri Turkey
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Tarhini M, Pizzoccaro A, Benlyamani I, Rebaud C, Greige-Gerges H, Fessi H, Elaissari A, Bentaher A. Human serum albumin nanoparticles as nanovector carriers for proteins: Application to the antibacterial proteins “neutrophil elastase” and “secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor”. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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SLPI - a Biomarker of Acute Kidney Injury after Open and Endovascular Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm (TAAA) Repair. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3453. [PMID: 32103084 PMCID: PMC7044192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a relevant complication following thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair (TAAA). Biomarkers, such as secretory leucocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI), may enable a more accurate diagnosis. In this study, we tested if SLPI measured in serum is an appropriate biomarker of AKI after TAAA repair. In a prospective observational single-center study including 33 patients (51.5% women, mean age 63.0 ± 16.2 years) undergoing open and endovascular aortic aneurysm repair in 2017, SLPI was measured peri-operatively (until 72 h after surgery). After surgery, the postoperative complications AKI, as defined according to the KDIGO diagnostic criteria, sepsis, death, MACE (major cardiovascular events) and, pneumonia were assessed. In a subgroup analysis, patients with preexisting kidney disease were excluded. Of 33 patients, 51.5% (n = 17) of patients developed AKI. Twelve hours after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), SLPI serum levels were significantly increased in patients who developed AKI. Multivariable logistic regression revealed a significant association between SLPI 12 hours after admission to ICU and AKI (P = 0.0181, OR = 1.055, 95% CI = 1.009-1.103). The sensitivity of SLPI for AKI prediction was 76.47% (95% CI = 50.1-93.2) and the specificity was 87.5% (95% CI = 61.7-98.4) with an AUC = 0.838 (95% CI = 0.7-0.976) for an optimal cut-off 70.03 ng/ml 12 hours after surgery. In patients without pre-existing impaired renal function, an improved diagnostic quality of SLPI for AKI was observed (Sensitivities of 45.45-91.67%, Specificities of 77.7-100%, AUC = 0.716-0.932). There was no association between perioperative SLPI and the incidence of sepsis, death, MACE (major cardiovascular events), pneumonia. This study suggests that SLPI might be a post-operative biomarker of AKI after TAAA repair, with a superior diagnostic accuracy for patients without preexisting impaired renal function.
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The Inhibition of Inflammatory Signaling Pathway by Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor can Improve Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1067-1073. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Skrzeczynska-Moncznik J, Zabieglo K, Osiecka O, Morytko A, Brzoza P, Drozdz L, Kapinska-Mrowiecka M, Korkmaz B, Pastuszczak M, Kosalka-Wegiel J, Musial J, Cichy J. Differences in Staining for Neutrophil Elastase and its Controlling Inhibitor SLPI Reveal Heterogeneity among Neutrophils in Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1371-1378.e3. [PMID: 31945345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are broadly classified into conventional neutrophils (PMNs) and low-density granulocytes (LDGs). LDGs are better than PMNs at generating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which may contribute to the pathology of autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized that LDGs and PMNs differ in their levels of unrestrained NE that supports NET generation. Here, we show that individuals with psoriasis contain elevated levels of LDGs and that in contrast to PMNs, the LDGs display higher staining for NE and lower staining for its inhibitor SLPI. The heterogeneity between blood-derived LDGs and PMNs was somewhat reminiscent of the differences in the NE and SLPI staining patterns observed in psoriasis skin-infiltrating neutrophils. Distinctive staining for NE and SLPI in LDGs and PMNs did not result from differences in their protein levels nor manifested in higher total proteolytic activity of NE in LDGs; rather, it likely depended on different cytosolic sequestration of these proteins. The disparate profile of NE and SLPI in LDGs and PMNs coincided with altered migratory responses of these cells to cutaneous chemoattractants. Collectively, differential NE and SLPI staining identifies common attributes of both circulating and skin-infiltrating neutrophils, which may guide neutrophil migration to distinct skin regions and determine the localization of LDGs-mediated cutaneous pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skrzeczynska-Moncznik
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zabieglo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Oktawia Osiecka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Morytko
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Brzoza
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lukasz Drozdz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM (National Institute for Medical Research) U-1100, "The Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and The University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Maciej Pastuszczak
- Department of Dermatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Musial
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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Liu C, Wang J, Wei Y, Zhang W, Geng M, Yuan Y, Chen Y, Sun Y, Chen H, Zhang Y, Xiong M, Li Y, Zheng L, Huang K. Fat-Specific Knockout of Mecp2 Upregulates Slpi to Reduce Obesity by Enhancing Browning. Diabetes 2020; 69:35-47. [PMID: 31597640 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities of methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (Mecp2) cause neurological disorders with metabolic dysfunction; however, its role in adipose tissues remains unclear. Here, we report upregulated Mecp2 in white adipose tissues (WAT) of obese humans, as well as in obese mice and during in vitro adipogenesis. Normal chow-fed adipocyte-specific Mecp2 knockout mice (Mecp2 Adi KO mice) showed a lean phenotype, with downregulated lipogenic genes and upregulated thermogenic genes that were identified using RNA sequencing. Consistently, the deficiency of Mecp2 in adipocytes protected mice from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and inhibited in vitro adipogenesis. Furthermore, Mecp2 Adi KO mice showed increased browning under different stimuli, including cold treatment. Mechanistically, Mecp2 bound to the promoter of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (Slpi) and negatively regulated its expression. Knockdown of Slpi in inguinal WAT of Mecp2 Adi KO mice prevented cold-induced browning. Moreover, recombinant SLPI treatment reduced the HFD-induced obesity via enhancing browning. Together, our results suggest a novel non-central nervous system function of Mecp2 in obesity by suppressing browning, at least partially, through regulating adipokine Slpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yujuan Wei
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenquan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengyuan Geng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yangmian Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingrui Xiong
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yangkai Li
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Kongpol K, Nernpermpisooth N, Prompunt E, Kumphune S. Endothelial-Cell-Derived Human Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) Protects Cardiomyocytes against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110678. [PMID: 31683729 PMCID: PMC6920779 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell (EC)-derived factors play an important role in endothelial-cardiomyocyte crosstalk and could save cardiomyocytes (CMs) from injury. The manipulation of endothelial cells to secrete protective factors could enhance cardioprotection. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) has been known to protect the heart. The goal of this study was to evaluate the in vitro paracrine protective effect and mechanisms of EC-derived human SLPI on cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Stable endothelial cells overexpressing human SLPI were generated from an endothelial cell line (EA.hy926). The cytoprotective effect was determined by cell survival assay. The results showed that endothelial-derived recombinant human SLPI (rhSLPI) reduced simulated ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-(81.75% ± 1.42% vs. 60.27% ± 2.52%, p < 0.05) and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced EC injury (83.57% ± 1.78% vs. 63.07% ± 1.93%, p < 0.05). Moreover, co-culture of ECs overexpressing rhSLPI with CMs at ratios 1:1 and 1:3 or treatment with conditioned medium enhanced cell viability by 10.51-16.7% (co-culture) and 15.25-20.45% (conditioned medium) by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio, caspase-3, and caspase-8, and in preconditioned CMs by activation of p38 MAPK and Akt survival kinase. In conclusion, this study showed for the first time that EC-derived rhSLPI provided cardio-vasculoprotective effects against I/R injury as a possible alternative therapeutic strategy for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantapich Kongpol
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Nitirut Nernpermpisooth
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Eakkapote Prompunt
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
| | - Sarawut Kumphune
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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59
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Architecture of antimicrobial skin defense. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 49:70-84. [PMID: 31473081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest and the most exposed organ in the body and its defense is regulated at several anatomical levels. Here, we explore how skin layers, including the epidermis, dermis, adipose tissue, and skin appendages, as well as cutaneous microbiota, contribute to the function of skin antimicrobial defense. We highlight recent studies that reveal the differential and complementary responses of skin layers to bacterial, viral, and fungal infection. In particular, we focus on key soluble mediators in the layered skin defense, such as antimicrobial peptides, as well as on lipid antimicrobials, cytokines, chemokines, and barrier-maintaining molecules. We include our own evaluative analyses of transcriptomic datasets of human skin to map the involvement of antimicrobial peptides in skin protection under both steady state and infectious conditions. Furthermore, we explore the versatility of the mechanisms underlying skin defense by highlighting the role of the immune and nervous systems in their interaction with cutaneous microbes, and by illustrating the multifunctionality of selected antimicrobial peptides in skin protection.
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Thimraj TA, Sompa SI, Ganguly K, Ernstgård L, Johanson G, Palmberg L, Upadhyay S. Evaluation of diacetyl mediated pulmonary effects in physiologically relevant air-liquid interface models of human primary bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104617. [PMID: 31381966 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diacetyl is an artificial flavouring agent, known to cause bronchiolitis obliterans. Diacetyl-induced pulmonary effects were assessed in human primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI). The PBEC-ALI models were exposed to clean air (sham) and diacetyl vapour (1, 3, 10 and 30 ppm) for 30 min. At 6 and 24 h post-exposure, cell medium was sampled for assessment of cytotoxicity measurement, and CXCL8, MMP9 secretion by ELISA. Pro-inflammatory, oxidative stress, tissue injury/repair, anti-protease and beta-defensin markers were assessed using qRT-PCR. Additionally, epidermal growth factor receptor ligands (amphiregulin) and anti-protease (SLPI) were analysed at 6 h, 8 h and 24 h post exposure to 1 and 10 ppm diacetyl. No significant cytotoxicity was observed at any exposure level. MMP9 was significantly increased in both apical and basal media at 24 h. Both SLPI and amphiregulin secretion were significantly increased following exposure to 10 ppm diacetyl. Exposure of PBEC-ALI model to diacetyl vapour resulted in significantly altered transcript expression of pro-inflammatory, oxidative stress, anti-protease, tissue injury/repair markers. Changes in transcript expression of significantly altered markers were more prominent 24 h post-exposure compared to 6 h. This study warrants further mechanistic investigations to elucidate the pulmonary effects of inhaled diacetyl vapour using physiologically relevant in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania A Thimraj
- Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shanzina I Sompa
- Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Koustav Ganguly
- Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lena Ernstgård
- Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gunnar Johanson
- Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lena Palmberg
- Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Swapna Upadhyay
- Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lange A, Cajander S, Magnuson A, Sundén-Cullberg J, Strålin K, Hultgren O. Plasma concentrations of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) differ depending on etiology and severity in community-onset bloodstream infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1425-1434. [PMID: 31089838 PMCID: PMC6647850 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The severity of bloodstream infections (BSI) depends on pathogen, source, and host factors. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) counteracts tissue damage, balances inflammation, and is increased in pneumonia and sepsis. We aimed to evaluate whether SLPI production differs depending on etiology, disease severity, and sex in BSI and to correlate SLPI with markers of inflammation and immunosuppression. Of the adult patients with BSI, 109 were included and sampled repeatedly, from hospital admission through day 28. Controls (blood donors) were sampled twice. SLPI in plasma was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus etiology were associated with higher SLPI than Escherichia coli on days 1–2 and 3. On day 1–2, subjects with sepsis had higher SLPI concentrations than those with non-septic BSI. Pneumonia was associated with higher SLPI than a non-pulmonary source of infection. SLPI co-varied with inflammatory markers. SLPI concentrations did not differ with regard to sex in the full cohort, but men with pneumonia had higher SLPI than women on day 1–2. S. pneumoniae and S. aureus BSI were associated with higher SLPI, when compared to E. coli. Severity and pneumonia, as well as male sex in the pneumonia sub-cohort, were factors independently associated with higher SLPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lange
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-70182, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Sara Cajander
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-70182, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anders Magnuson
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-70182, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sundén-Cullberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Strålin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Hultgren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-70182, Örebro, Sweden
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Management of donation after brain death (DBD) in the ICU: the potential donor is identified, what's next? Intensive Care Med 2019; 45:322-330. [PMID: 30820584 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-019-05574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The success of any donation process requires that potential brain-dead donors (PBDD) are detected and referred early to professionals responsible for their evaluation and conversion to actual donors. The intensivist plays a crucial role in organ donation. However, identification and referral of PBDDs may be suboptimal in the critical care environment. Factors influencing lower rates of detection and referral include the lack of specific training and the need to provide concomitant urgent care to other critically ill patients. Excellent communication between the ICU staff and the procurement organization is necessary to ensure the optimization of both the number and quality of organs transplanted. The organ donation process has been improved over the last two decades with the involvement and commitment of many healthcare professionals. Clinical protocols have been developed and implemented to better organize the multidisciplinary approach to organ donation. In this manuscript, we aim to highlight the main steps of organ donation, taking into account the following: early identification and evaluation of the PBDD with the use of checklists; donor management, including clinical maintenance of the PBDD with high-quality intensive care to prevent graft failure in recipients and strategies for optimizing donated organs by simplified care standards, clinical guidelines and alert tools; the key role of the intensivist in the donation process with the interaction between ICU professionals and transplant coordinators, nurse protocol managers, and communication skills training; and a final remark on the importance of the development of research with further insight into brain death pathophysiology and reversible organ damage.
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63
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Kubo T, Tsujiwaki M, Hirohashi Y, Tsukahara T, Kanaseki T, Nakatsugawa M, Hasegawa T, Torigoe T. Differential bronchial epithelial response regulated by ΔNp63: a functional understanding of the epithelial shedding found in asthma. J Transl Med 2019; 99:158-168. [PMID: 30254318 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial epithelial cells serve as a physical barrier at the forefront of the immune system. Barrier disruption and an excessive immune response of the bronchial epithelium contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma, a chronic bronchial inflammatory disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional significance of ΔNp63, a p53-like transcription factor expressed by the basal bronchial epithelium. The immunohistochemical expression profile of ΔNp63 was evaluated in human bronchial tissue derived from asthma patients. The role of ΔNp63 in apoptosis inhibition and production of soluble mediators was investigated in vitro with cultured BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells using molecular biological analysis. In healthy bronchial tissue, ΔNp63-positive basal epithelial cells were covered with differentiated ΔNp63-negative cells but in the asthmatic airway, ΔNp63-positive cells were directly exposed to the bronchial lumen due to severe epithelial shedding. ΔNp63 regulated bronchial apoptosis in response to Toll-like receptor 3 stimulation. On the other hand, expression of ΔNp63 was modulated by stimulation with trypsin and SLIGKV, protease-activated receptor 2 ligands. Further phenotypic analysis revealed that ΔNp63 controlled the transcriptional expression and protein release of some epithelium-derived proinflammatory cytokines and endogenous protease inhibitors. We conclude that ΔNp63 modulates the bronchial epithelial response to viral infection. At the same time, ΔNp63 expression is influenced by proteases, which are abundant in house dust mites. Therefore, the ΔNp63 axis would be intimately involved in these two major triggers of asthma exacerbations, viral infection and protease overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terufumi Kubo
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Tsujiwaki
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tsukahara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanaseki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Munehide Nakatsugawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
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Vigo T, La Rocca C, Faicchia D, Procaccini C, Ruggieri M, Salvetti M, Centonze D, Matarese G, Uccelli A. IFNβ enhances mesenchymal stromal (Stem) cells immunomodulatory function through STAT1-3 activation and mTOR-associated promotion of glucose metabolism. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:85. [PMID: 30692524 PMCID: PMC6349843 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), at both clinical and neuropathological levels. The therapeutic properties of MSC in EAE are mainly mediated by the modulation of pathogenic immune response, but other neurotropic effects, including decreased demyelination and axonal loss as well as promotion of tissue repair, play also a role. Properly controlled phase II clinical trials to explore the potential of MSC transplantation as a treatment for MS are underway. Interferon beta (IFNβ) is an approved treatment for relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS. Here, we explored the possibility that IFNβ might influence the therapeutic potential of MSC, in view of possible synergistic effects as add-on therapy. IFNβ enhanced the immunomodulatory functions of MSC and induced the expression of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (Slpi) and hepatocyte growth factor (Hgf), two soluble mediators involved in immune and regenerative functions of MSC. At molecular level, IFNβ induced a rapid and transient phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3, the transcription factors responsible for Slpi and Hgf induction. Concomitantly, IFNβ dynamically affected the activity of mTOR, a key checkpoint in the control of metabolic pathways. Indeed, the impairment of mTOR activity observed early upon exposure to IFNβ, was followed by a long-lasting induction of mTOR signaling, that was associated with an increased glycolytic capacity in MSC. When induced to switch their energetic metabolism towards glycolysis, MSC showed an improved ability to control T-cell proliferation. These results suggest that modifications of MSC energetic metabolism induced by IFNβ may contribute to promote MSC immunomodulatory function and support a role for metabolic pathways in the therapeutic function of MSC. Altogether, these findings support the idea of a combined treatment for MS, in which the immunomodulatory and possibly regenerative activity of MSC could be enhanced by the administration of IFNβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vigo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudia La Rocca
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Deriggio Faicchia
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Ruggieri
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Laboratory of Synaptic Immunopathology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy. .,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Unit and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Smith SM, Melrose J. A Retrospective Analysis of the Cartilage Kunitz Protease Inhibitory Proteins Identifies These as Members of the Inter-α-Trypsin Inhibitor Superfamily with Potential Roles in the Protection of the Articulatory Surface. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030497. [PMID: 30678366 PMCID: PMC6387120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess if the ovine articular cartilage serine proteinase inhibitors (SPIs) were related to the Kunitz inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) family. Methods: Ovine articular cartilage was finely diced and extracted in 6 M urea and SPIs isolated by sequential anion exchange, HA affinity and Sephadex G100 gel permeation chromatography. Selected samples were also subjected to chymotrypsin and concanavalin-A affinity chromatography. Eluant fractions from these isolation steps were monitored for protein and trypsin inhibitory activity. Inhibitory fractions were assessed by affinity blotting using biotinylated trypsin to detect SPIs and by Western blotting using antibodies to α1-microglobulin, bikunin, TSG-6 and 2-B-6 (+) CS epitope generated by chondroitinase-ABC digestion. Results: 2-B-6 (+) positive 250, 220,120, 58 and 36 kDa SPIs were detected. The 58 kDa SPI contained α1-microglobulin, bikunin and chondroitin-4-sulfate stub epitope consistent with an identity of α1-microglobulin-bikunin (AMBP) precursor and was also isolated by concanavalin-A lectin affinity chromatography indicating it had N-glycosylation. Kunitz protease inhibitor (KPI) species of 36, 26, 12 and 6 kDa were autolytically generated by prolonged storage of the 120 and 58 kDa SPIs; chymotrypsin affinity chromatography generated the 6 kDa SPI. KPI domain 1 and 2 SPIs were separated by concanavalin lectin affinity chromatography, domain 1 displayed affinity for this lectin indicating it had N-glycosylation. KPI 1 and 2 displayed potent inhibitory activity against trypsin, chymotrypsin, kallikrein, leucocyte elastase and cathepsin G. Localisation of versican, lubricin and hyaluronan (HA) in the surface regions of articular cartilage represented probable binding sites for the ITI serine proteinase inhibitors (SPIs) which may preserve articulatory properties and joint function. Discussion/Conclusions: The Kunitz SPI proteins synthesised by articular chondrocytes are members of the ITI superfamily. By analogy with other tissues in which these proteins occur we deduce that the cartilage Kunitz SPIs may be multifunctional proteins. Binding of the cartilage Kunitz SPIs to HA may protect this polymer from depolymerisation by free radical damage and may also protect other components in the cartilage surface from proteolytic degradation preserving joint function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Smith
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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66
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Luo X, Zhu W, Ding L, Ye X, Gao H, Tai X, Wu Z, Qian Y, Ruan X, Li J, Li S, Chen Z. Bldesin, the first functionally characterized pathogenic fungus defensin with Kv1.3 channel and chymotrypsin inhibitory activities. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22244. [PMID: 30381903 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fungus defensin is a kind of important natural peptide resource, such as plectasin from the soil fungus Pseudoplectania nigrella with potential application in the antimicrobial peptide lead drug discovery. Here, a fungus defensin named Bldesin with Kv1.3 channel and serine protease inhibitory activities was first explored. By GST-Bldesin fusion expression and enterokinase cleaving strategy, recombinant Bldesin was obtained successfully. Antimicrobial assays showed that Bldesin had potent activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, but had no effect on Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Electrophysiological experiments showed that Bldesin had Kv1.3 channel inhibitory activity. Serine protease inhibitory associated experiments showed that Bldesin had unique chymotrypsin protease inhibitory, elastase protease inhibitory, and serine protease-associated coagulation inhibitory activities. To the best of our knowledge, Bldesin is the first functionally characterized pathogenic fungus defensin with Kv1.3 channel and chymotrypsin inhibitory activities and highlighted novel pharmacological effects of fungus-derived defensin peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongfeng hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangdong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Xuejiao Tai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Xuzhi Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Zongyun Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
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67
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Amodio G, Cichy J, Conde P, Matteoli G, Moreau A, Ochando J, Oral BH, Pekarova M, Ryan EJ, Roth J, Sohrabi Y, Cuturi MC, Gregori S. Role of myeloid regulatory cells (MRCs) in maintaining tissue homeostasis and promoting tolerance in autoimmunity, inflammatory disease and transplantation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 68:661-672. [PMID: 30357490 PMCID: PMC6447499 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells play a pivotal role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. In inflammation, autoimmunity, and after transplantation, myeloid cells have contrasting roles: on the one hand they initiate the immune response, promoting activation and expansion of effector T-cells, and on the other, they counter-regulate inflammation, maintain tissue homeostasis, and promote tolerance. The latter activities are mediated by several myeloid cells including polymorphonuclear neutrophils, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and dendritic cells. Since these cells have been associated with immune suppression and tolerance, they will be further referred to as myeloid regulatory cells (MRCs). In recent years, MRCs have emerged as a therapeutic target or have been regarded as a potential cellular therapeutic product for tolerance induction. However, several open questions must be addressed to enable the therapeutic application of MRCs including: how do they function at the site of inflammation, how to best target these cells to modulate their activities, and how to isolate or to generate pure populations for adoptive cell therapies. In this review, we will give an overview of the current knowledge on MRCs in inflammation, autoimmunity, and transplantation. We will discuss current strategies to target MRCs and to exploit their tolerogenic potential as a cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Amodio
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Patricia Conde
- Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220, , Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Moreau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jordi Ochando
- Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220, , Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbaros H Oral
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Michaela Pekarova
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elizabeth J Ryan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maria-Cristina Cuturi
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Silvia Gregori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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68
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Li S, Wang S, Murugan R, Al-Khafaji A, Lebovitz DJ, Souter M, Stuart SRN, Kellum JA. Donor biomarkers as predictors of organ use and recipient survival after neurologically deceased donor organ transplantation. J Crit Care 2018; 48:42-47. [PMID: 30172032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to build prediction models for organ transplantation and recipient survival using both biomarkers and clinical information. MATERIALS AND METHODS We abstracted clinical variables from a previous randomized trial (n = 556) of donor management. In a subset of donors (n = 97), we measured two candidate biomarkers in plasma at enrollment and just prior to explantation. RESULTS Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) was significant for predicting liver transplantation (C-statistic 0.65 (0.53, 0.78)). SLPI also significantly improved the predictive performance of a clinical model for liver transplantation (integrated discrimination improvement (IDI): 0.090 (0.009, 0.210)). For other organs, clinical variables alone had strong predictive ability (C-statistic >0.80). Recipient 3-years survival was 80.0% (71.9%, 87.0%). Donor IL-6 was significantly associated with recipient 3-years survival (adjusted Hazard Ratio (95%CI): 1.26(1.08, 1.48), P = .004). Neither clinical variables nor biomarkers showed strong predictive ability for 3-year recipient survival. CONCLUSIONS Plasma biomarkers in neurologically deceased donors were associated with organ use. SLPI enhanced prediction within a liver transplantation model, whereas IL-6 before transplantation was significantly associated with recipient 3-year survival. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00987714.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Raghavan Murugan
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; The CRISMA (Clinical Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ali Al-Khafaji
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; The CRISMA (Clinical Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Daniel J Lebovitz
- Department of Critical Care, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, United States
| | - Michael Souter
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Susan R N Stuart
- Center for Organ Recovery and Education, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John A Kellum
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; The CRISMA (Clinical Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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69
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Bronze-da-Rocha E, Santos-Silva A. Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitors and Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1343-1360. [PMID: 30123081 PMCID: PMC6097478 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.26111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD), the last stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), is characterized by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Neutrophils are the front line cells that mediate an inflammatory response against microorganisms as they can migrate, produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), secrete neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs), and release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Serine proteases inhibitors regulate the activity of serine proteases and reduce neutrophil accumulation at inflammatory sites. This review intends to relate the role of neutrophil elastase in CKD and the effects of neutrophil elastase inhibitors in predicting or preventing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Bronze-da-Rocha
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Prompunt E, Nernpermpisooth N, Sanit J, Kumphune S. Overexpression and pre-treatment of recombinant human Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (rhSLPI) reduces an in vitro ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat cardiac myoblast (H9c2) cell. Biomol Concepts 2018; 9:17-32. [PMID: 29729136 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major causes of cardiac cell death during myocardial ischemia is the oversecretion of protease enzymes surrounding the ischemic tissue. Therefore, inhibition of the protease activity could be an alternative strategy for preventing the expansion of the injured area. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI), by means of overexpression and treatment of recombinant human SLPI (rhSLPI) in an in vitro model. Rat cardiac myoblast (H9c2) cells overexpressing rhSLPI were generated by gene delivery using pCMV2-SLPI-HA plasmid. The rhSLPI-H9c2 cells, mock transfected cells, and wild-type (WT) control were subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion (sI/R). Moreover, the treatment of rhSLPI in H9c2 cells was also performed under sI/R conditions. The results showed that overexpression of rhSLPI in H9c2 cells significantly reduced sI/R-induced cell death and injury, intracellular ROS level, and increased Akt phosphorylation, when compared to WT and mock transfection (p <0.05). Treatment of rhSLPI prior to sI/R reduced cardiac cell death and injury, and intra-cellular ROS level. In addition, 400 ng/ml rhSLPI treatment, prior to sI, significantly inhibited p38 MAPK phosphorylation and rhSLPI at 400-1000 ng/ml could increase Akt phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eakkapote Prompunt
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.,Graduate program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Nitirut Nernpermpisooth
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.,Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Jantira Sanit
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.,Graduate program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Kumphune
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
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71
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Prompunt E, Sanit J, Barrère-Lemaire S, Nargeot J, Noordali H, Madhani M, Kumphune S. The cardioprotective effects of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:5231-5242. [PMID: 29904407 PMCID: PMC5996700 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease enzymes generated from injured cells and leukocytes are the primary cause of myocardial cell damage following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The inhibition of protease enzyme activity via the administration of particular drugs may reduce injury and potentially save patients' lives. The aim of the current study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects of treatment with recombinant human secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (rhSLPI) on in vitro and ex vivo models of myocardial I/R injury. rhSLPI was applied to isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) subjected to simulated I/R and to ex vivo murine hearts prior to I/R injury. Cellular injury, cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and levels of associated proteins were assessed. The results demonstrated that administration of rhSLPI prior to or during sI/R significantly reduced the death and injury of ARVMs and significantly reduced intracellular ROS levels in ARVMs during H2O2 stimulation. In addition, treatment of ARVMs with rhSLPI significantly attenuated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and increased the activation of Akt. Furthermore, pretreatment of ex vivo murine hearts with rhSLPI prior to I/R significantly decreased infarct size, attenuated p38 MAPK activation and increased Akt phosphorylation. The results of the current study demonstrated that treatment with rhSLPI induced a cardioprotective effect and reduced ARVM injury and death, intracellular ROS levels and infarct size. rhSLPI also attenuated p38 MAPK phosphorylation and activated Akt phosphorylation. These results suggest that rhSLPI may be developed as a novel therapeutic strategy of treating ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eakkapote Prompunt
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Graduate program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Jantira Sanit
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Graduate program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Stephanie Barrère-Lemaire
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Functional Genomics, National Centre for Scientific Research, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France.,Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, F-06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Joel Nargeot
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Functional Genomics, National Centre for Scientific Research, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France.,Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, F-06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Hannah Noordali
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Melanie Madhani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarawut Kumphune
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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Triantafyllou E, Pop OT, Possamai LA, Wilhelm A, Liaskou E, Singanayagam A, Bernsmeier C, Khamri W, Petts G, Dargue R, Davies SP, Tickle J, Yuksel M, Patel VC, Abeles RD, Stamataki Z, Curbishley SM, Ma Y, Wilson ID, Coen M, Woollard KJ, Quaglia A, Wendon J, Thursz MR, Adams DH, Weston CJ, Antoniades CG. MerTK expressing hepatic macrophages promote the resolution of inflammation in acute liver failure. Gut 2018; 67:333-347. [PMID: 28450389 PMCID: PMC5868289 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute liver failure (ALF) is characterised by overwhelming hepatocyte death and liver inflammation with massive infiltration of myeloid cells in necrotic areas. The mechanisms underlying resolution of acute hepatic inflammation are largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) during ALF and also examine how the microenvironmental mediator, secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), governs this response. DESIGN Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, confocal imaging and gene expression analyses determined the phenotype, functional/transcriptomic profile and tissue topography of MerTK+ monocytes/macrophages in ALF, healthy and disease controls. The temporal evolution of macrophage MerTK expression and its impact on resolution was examined in APAP-induced acute liver injury using wild-type (WT) and Mer-deficient (Mer-/-) mice. SLPI effects on hepatic myeloid cells were determined in vitro and in vivo using APAP-treated WT mice. RESULTS We demonstrate a significant expansion of resolution-like MerTK+HLA-DRhigh cells in circulatory and tissue compartments of patients with ALF. Compared with WT mice which show an increase of MerTK+MHCIIhigh macrophages during the resolution phase in ALF, APAP-treated Mer-/- mice exhibit persistent liver injury and inflammation, characterised by a decreased proportion of resident Kupffer cells and increased number of neutrophils. Both in vitro and in APAP-treated mice, SLPI reprogrammes myeloid cells towards resolution responses through induction of a MerTK+HLA-DRhigh phenotype which promotes neutrophil apoptosis and their subsequent clearance. CONCLUSIONS We identify a hepatoprotective, MerTK+, macrophage phenotype that evolves during the resolution phase following ALF and represents a novel immunotherapeutic target to promote resolution responses following acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Triantafyllou
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, London, UK,Division of Digestive Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Oltin T Pop
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia A Possamai
- Division of Digestive Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Annika Wilhelm
- Division of Digestive Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Evaggelia Liaskou
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Arjuna Singanayagam
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, London, UK,Division of Digestive Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christine Bernsmeier
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wafa Khamri
- Division of Digestive Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Petts
- Division of Digestive Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Dargue
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Scott P Davies
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joseph Tickle
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Muhammed Yuksel
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vishal C Patel
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robin D Abeles
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zania Stamataki
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stuart M Curbishley
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yun Ma
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ian D Wilson
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Muireann Coen
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin J Woollard
- Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alberto Quaglia
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Julia Wendon
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Division of Digestive Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David H Adams
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris J Weston
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Charalambos G Antoniades
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, London, UK,Division of Digestive Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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73
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Matsuba S, Yabe-Wada T, Takeda K, Sato T, Suyama M, Takai T, Kikuchi T, Nukiwa T, Nakamura A. Identification of Secretory Leukoprotease Inhibitor As an Endogenous Negative Regulator in Allergic Effector Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1538. [PMID: 29181004 PMCID: PMC5693852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils are central effectors in allergic inflammatory disorders. These cells secrete abundant serine proteases as well as chemical mediators and cytokines; however, the expression profiles and functions of their endogenous inhibitors remain elusive. We found that murine secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) is expressed in basophils and eosinophils but in not in mast cells. SLPI-deficient (Slpi−/−) basophils produce more cytokines than wild-type mice after IgE stimulation. Although the deletion of SLPI in basophils did not affect the release of chemical mediators upon IgE stimulation, the enzymatic activity of the serine protease tryptase was increased in Slpi−/− basophils. Mice transferred with Slpi−/− basophils were highly sensitive to IgE-mediated chronic allergic inflammation. Eosinophils lacking SLPI showed greater interleukin-6 secretion and invasive activity upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by these eosinophils was increased without stimulation. The absence of SLPI increases JNK1 phosphorylation at the steady state, and augments the serine phosphorylation of JNK1-downstream ETS transcriptional factor Elk-1 in eosinophils upon stimulation. Of note, SLPI interacts with a scaffold protein, JNK-interacting protein 3 (JIP3), that constitutively binds to the cytoplasmic domain of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, suggesting that SLPI controls Elk-1 activation via binding to JIP3 in eosinophils. Mice transferred with Slpi−/− eosinophils showed the exacerbation of chitin-induced allergic inflammation. These findings showed that SLPI is a negative regulator in allergic effector cells and suggested a novel inhibitory role of SLPI in the TLR4 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Matsuba
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yabe-Wada
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takeda
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sato
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mikita Suyama
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takai
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nukiwa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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74
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Nernpermpisooth N, Prompunt E, Kumphune S. An in vitro endothelial cell protective effect of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor against simulated ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5793-5800. [PMID: 29285123 PMCID: PMC5740774 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is an essential deleterious modulator of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) has demonstrated myocardial protection in cardiac transplantation; however, the effect of SLPI in endothelial I/R injury remains unexplored. In the present study, the effect of recombinant human SLPI (rhSLPI) treatment against endothelial cells (ECs) subjected to simulated I/R injury and the effect of treatment at different time points were determined. Human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) were subjected to normoxic or simulated I/R (sI/R) conditions, and rhSLPI at concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 ng/ml was added to the cells prior to ischaemia, during ischaemia or at the onset of reperfusion. Endothelial injury and cytoskeleton disruption were assessed, and western blot analysis was conducted. The results revealed that rhSLPI treatment at 1,000 ng/ml significantly increased the HUVEC viability under sI/R injury (P<0.05). In addition, treatment with rhSLPI prior to or during ischaemia markedly attenuated the activity of lactase dehydrogenase compared with that in the sI/R group. In addition, the H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species production was reduced by ~17% upon rhSLPI pretreatment. Endothelial cytoskeleton disruption was also preserved by rhSLPI added prior to the reperfusion period. Furthermore, pretreatment with rhSLPI promoted protein kinase B activation, as well as reduced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein expression in response to I/R injury. These findings indicated that rhSLPI possesses antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties against endothelial responses to I/R injury. Therefore, the cytoprotective effect of rhSLPI may provide a potential pharmaceutical target to limit endothelial-mediated I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitirut Nernpermpisooth
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Eakkapote Prompunt
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Kumphune
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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75
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Liu J, Kumar S, Dolzhenko E, Alvarado GF, Guo J, Lu C, Chen Y, Li M, Dessing MC, Parvez RK, Cippà PE, Krautzberger AM, Saribekyan G, Smith AD, McMahon AP. Molecular characterization of the transition from acute to chronic kidney injury following ischemia/reperfusion. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94716. [PMID: 28931758 PMCID: PMC5612583 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Though an acute kidney injury (AKI) episode is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the mechanisms determining the transition from acute to irreversible chronic injury are not well understood. To extend our understanding of renal repair, and its limits, we performed a detailed molecular characterization of a murine ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) model for 12 months after injury. Together, the data comprising RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis at multiple time points, histological studies, and molecular and cellular characterization of targeted gene activity provide a comprehensive profile of injury, repair, and long-term maladaptive responses following IRI. Tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, inflammation, and development of multiple renal cysts were major long-term outcomes of IRI. Progressive proximal tubular injury tracks with de novo activation of multiple Krt genes, including Krt20, a biomarker of renal tubule injury. RNA-seq analysis highlights a cascade of temporal-specific gene expression patterns related to tubular injury/repair, fibrosis, and innate and adaptive immunity. Intersection of these data with human kidney transplant expression profiles identified overlapping gene expression signatures correlating with different stages of the murine IRI response. The comprehensive characterization of incomplete recovery after ischemic AKI provides a valuable resource for determining the underlying pathophysiology of human CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Egor Dolzhenko
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gregory F Alvarado
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Can Lu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yibu Chen
- Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Meng Li
- Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark C Dessing
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Riana K Parvez
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pietro E Cippà
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - A Michaela Krautzberger
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gohar Saribekyan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew D Smith
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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76
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Quabius ES, Bögershausen B, Getzin L, Görögh T, Gebhard MP, Hoffmann AS, Hoffmann M. SLPI and AnxA2 expression in neoplasm-free palatine tonsils is associated with smoking habit of individuals. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 7:427-434. [PMID: 28811900 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to confirm the inverse correlation between secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) expression, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection previously observed in head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, the present study retrospectively investigated the association between SLPI and Annexin A2 (AnxA2) expression, and HPV status in non-neoplastic chronic tonsillitis (n=118), and tonsillar hyperplasia (n=96) tissue. We hypothesised that smoking induces the upregulation of SLPI, resulting in reduced binding of HPV to AnxA2, a known modulator of HPV entry into the cell. SLPI and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16INK4A) protein expression was measured using immunohistochemistry in 214 specimens; SLPI and AnxA2 gene expression was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 213 cases; and DNA was isolated from all the specimens to determine HPV status. The association between the results of the aforementioned analyses and the smoking habits of patients was analysed. The samples were HPV-negative. p16INK4A expression demonstrated moderate and strong staining in 38, and 0 cases, respectively. SLPI expression presented negative, weak and moderate signals in 163, 45, and 6 cases, respectively. A positive correlation was identified between smoking and SLPI (P=0.0001). Gene expression analysis (n=213) revealed that smoking (n=48) resulted in a significant increase in SLPI and AnxA2 expression. A significant positive correlation between AnxA2 and SLPI, indicating a surplus of AnxA2 in relation to SLPI, was exclusively identified in non-smokers. The data demonstrated that smoking results in increased SLPI and AnxA2 expression also in non-neoplastic tonsillar tissue. The observed surplus of AnxA2 in relation to SLPI identified exclusively in the tonsillar tissue of non-smokers indicates a higher possibility of a successful HPV infection of the tonsillar tissue of non-smokers, given the properties of AnxA2 to function as an infection modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elgar S Quabius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts University, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Berit Bögershausen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Schleswig-Holstein, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lukas Getzin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts University, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tibor Görögh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts University, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Maximilian P Gebhard
- Department of Pathology, University of Schleswig-Holstein, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anna S Hoffmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Schleswig-Holstein, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts University, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
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77
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John CM, Phillips NJ, Stein DC, Jarvis GA. Innate immune response to lipooligosaccharide: pivotal regulator of the pathobiology of invasive Neisseria meningitidis infections. Pathog Dis 2017; 75:3569603. [PMID: 28423169 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections due to Neisseria meningitidis afflict more than one million people worldwide annually and cause death or disability in many survivors. The clinical course of invasive infections has been well studied, but our understanding of the cause of differences in patient outcomes has been limited because these are dependent on multiple factors including the response of the host, characteristics of the bacteria and interactions between the host and the bacteria. The meningococcus is a highly inflammatory organism, and the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) on the outer membrane is the most potent inflammatory molecule it expresses due to the interactions of the lipid A moiety of LOS with receptors of the innate immune system. We previously reported that increased phosphorylation of hexaacylated neisserial lipid A is correlated with greater inflammatory potential. Here we postulate that variability in lipid A phosphorylation can tip the balance of innate immune responses towards homeostatic tolerance or proinflammatory signaling that affects adaptive immune responses, causing disease with meningitis only, or septicemia with or without meningitis, respectively. Furthermore, we propose that studies of the relationship between bacterial virulence and gene expression should consider whether genetic variation could affect properties of biosynthetic enzymes resulting in LOS structural differences that alter disease pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance M John
- Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nancy J Phillips
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniel C Stein
- University of Maryland, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Gary A Jarvis
- Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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78
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Godlewska U, Brzoza P, Sroka A, Majewski P, Jentsch H, Eckert M, Eick S, Potempa J, Zabel BA, Cichy J. Antimicrobial and Attractant Roles for Chemerin in the Oral Cavity during Inflammatory Gum Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:353. [PMID: 28424689 PMCID: PMC5372799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal inflammation is one of the most common chronic inflammatory conditions in humans. Despite recent advances in identifying and characterizing oral microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of gum disease, just how host factors maintain a healthy homeostatic oral microbial community or prevent the development of a pathogenic oral microbiota remains poorly understood. An important determinant of microbiota fate is local antimicrobial proteins. Here, we report that chemoattractant protein chemerin, which we recently identified as a potent endogenous antimicrobial agent in body barriers such as the skin, is present in the oral cavity under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Chemerin and a chemerin-derived antimicrobial peptide are bactericidal against select bacteria strategically positioned in dental biofilm. Gingival crevicular samples from patients with gingivitis but not periodontitis contain abundant bioactive chemerin capable of inducing CMKLR1-dependent leukocyte migration. Gingipains secreted by the periodontopathogen P. gingivalis inactivate chemerin. Together, these data suggest that as an antimicrobial agent and leukocyte chemoattractant, chemerin likely contributes to antimicrobial immune defense in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Godlewska
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Brzoza
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Sroka
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Pawel Majewski
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Holger Jentsch
- Centre for Periodontology, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Eckert
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Brian A Zabel
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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79
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Skrzeczynska-Moncznik J, Zabieglo K, Bossowski JP, Osiecka O, Wlodarczyk A, Kapinska-Mrowiecka M, Kwitniewski M, Majewski P, Dubin A, Cichy J. Eosinophils Regulate Interferon Alpha Production in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Stimulated with Components of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2017; 37:119-128. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skrzeczynska-Moncznik
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zabieglo
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jozef P. Bossowski
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Oktawia Osiecka
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wlodarczyk
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Mateusz Kwitniewski
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Pawel Majewski
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Dubin
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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80
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Majewski P, Majchrzak-Gorecka M, Grygier B, Skrzeczynska-Moncznik J, Osiecka O, Cichy J. Inhibitors of Serine Proteases in Regulating the Production and Function of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Front Immunol 2016; 7:261. [PMID: 27446090 PMCID: PMC4928128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), DNA webs released into the extracellular environment by activated neutrophils, are thought to play a key role in the entrapment and eradication of microbes. However, NETs are highly cytotoxic and a likely source of autoantigens, suggesting that NET release is tightly regulated. NET formation involves the activity of neutrophil elastase (NE), which cleaves histones, leading to chromatin decondensation. We and others have recently demonstrated that inhibitors of NE, such as secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and SerpinB1, restrict NET production in vitro and in vivo. SLPI was also identified as a NET component in the lesional skin of patients suffering from the autoinflammatory skin disease psoriasis. SLPI-competent NET-like structures (a mixture of SLPI with neutrophil DNA and NE) stimulated the synthesis of interferon type I (IFNI) in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in vitro. pDCs uniquely respond to viral or microbial DNA/RNA but also to nucleic acids of “self” origin with the production of IFNI. Although IFNIs are critical in activating the antiviral/antimicrobial functions of many cells, IFNIs also play a role in inducing autoimmunity. Thus, NETs decorated by SLPI may regulate skin immunity through enhancing IFNI production in pDCs. Here, we review key aspects of how SLPI and SerpinB1 can control NET production and immunogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Majewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - Monika Majchrzak-Gorecka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - Beata Grygier
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - Joanna Skrzeczynska-Moncznik
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - Oktawia Osiecka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
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81
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Patriota LLS, Procópio TF, de Souza MFD, de Oliveira APS, Carvalho LVN, Pitta MGR, Rego MJBM, Paiva PMG, Pontual EV, Napoleão TH. A Trypsin Inhibitor from Tecoma stans Leaves Inhibits Growth and Promotes ATP Depletion and Lipid Peroxidation in Candida albicans and Candida krusei. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:611. [PMID: 27199940 PMCID: PMC4847156 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tecoma stans (yellow elder) has shown medicinal properties and antimicrobial activity. Previous reports on antifungal activity of T. stans preparations and presence of trypsin inhibitor activity from T. stans leaves stimulated the investigation reported here. In this work, we proceeded to the purification and characterization of a trypsin inhibitor (TesTI), which was investigated for anti-Candida activity. Finally, in order to determine the potential of TesTI as a new natural chemotherapeutic product, its cytotoxicity to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated. TesTI was isolated from saline extract by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatographies. Antifungal activity was evaluated by determining the minimal inhibitory (MIC) and fungicide (MFC) concentrations using fungal cultures containing only yeast form or both yeast and hyphal forms. Candida cells treated with TesTI were evaluated for intracellular ATP levels and lipid peroxidation. Cytotoxicity of TesTI to PBMCs was evaluated by MTT assay. TesTI (39.8 kDa, pI 3.41, Ki 43 nM) inhibited similarly the growth of both C. albicans and C. krusei culture types at MIC of 100 μg/mL. The MFCs were 200 μg/mL for C. albicans and C. krusei. Time-response curves revealed that TesTI (at MIC) was more effective at inhibiting the replication of C. albicans cells. At MIC, TesTI promoted reduction of ATP levels and lipid peroxidation in the Candida cells, being not cytotoxic to PBMCs. In conclusion, TesTI is an antifungal agent against C. albicans and C. krusei, without toxicity to human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thamara F Procópio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria F D de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Lidiane V N Carvalho
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
| | - Maira G R Pitta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife, Brazil
| | - Moacyr J B M Rego
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M G Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel V Pontual
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
| | - Thiago H Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
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