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Sonnenberg J, Schwarz D, Lagache SM, Schnack L, Körner H, Leffers M, Hardege H, Liu Y, Reinecke H, Findeisen HM, Sohrabi Y. Protocol for the induction of innate immune memory in human smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in vitro. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102776. [PMID: 38117658 PMCID: PMC10770756 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-immune cells, like innate immune cells, can develop a memory-like phenotype in response to priming with microbial compounds or certain metabolites, which enables an enhanced response to a secondary unspecific stimulus. This paper describes a step-by-step protocol for the induction and analysis of trained immunity in human endothelial and smooth muscle cells. We then describe steps for cell culture with cryopreserved vascular cells, subcultivation, and induction of trained immunity. We then provide detailed procedures for downstream analysis using ELISA and qPCR. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Sohrabi et al. (2020)1 and Shcnack et al.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Sonnenberg
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dennis Schwarz
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sina Mm Lagache
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lucia Schnack
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Helena Körner
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Merle Leffers
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannah Hardege
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Holger Reinecke
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannes M Findeisen
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia; Institutes of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.
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2
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Nateghi-Rostami M, Sohrabi Y. Memory T cells: promising biomarkers for evaluating protection and vaccine efficacy against leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1304696. [PMID: 38469319 PMCID: PMC10925770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1304696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the immune response to Leishmania infection and identifying biomarkers that correlate with protection are crucial for developing effective vaccines. One intriguing aspect of Leishmania infection is the persistence of parasites, even after apparent lesion healing. Various host cells, including dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and Langerhans cells, may serve as safe sites for latent infection. Memory T cells, especially tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), play a crucial role in concomitant immunity against cutaneous Leishmania infections. These TRM cells are long-lasting and can protect against reinfection in the absence of persistent parasites. CD4+ TRM cells, in particular, have been implicated in protection against Leishmania infections. These cells are characterized by their ability to reside in the skin and rapidly respond to secondary infections by producing cytokines such as IFN-γ, which activates macrophages to kill parasites. The induction of CD4+ TRM cells has shown promise in experimental immunization, leading to protection against Leishmania challenge infections. Identifying biomarkers of protection is a critical step in vaccine development and CD4+ TRM cells hold potential as biomarkers, as their presence and functions may correlate with protection. While recent studies have shown that Leishmania-specific memory CD4+ T-cell subsets are present in individuals with a history of cutaneous leishmaniasis, further studies are needed to characterize CD4+ TRM cell populations. Overall, this review highlights the importance of memory T cells, particularly skin-resident CD4+ TRM cells, as promising targets for developing effective vaccines against leishmaniasis and as biomarkers of immune protection to assess the efficacy of candidate vaccines against human leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I-Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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3
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Oishi Y, Sohrabi Y, Xiao P. Editorial: Metabolic regulation of macrophage functions in inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369896. [PMID: 38380325 PMCID: PMC10877059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Oishi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I-Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Mrázek J, Mrázková L, Mekadim C, Jarošíková T, Krayem I, Sohrabi Y, Demant P, Lipoldová M. Effects of Leishmania major infection on the gut microbiome of resistant and susceptible mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:145. [PMID: 38240984 PMCID: PMC10799115 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania major, is a widely frequent form in humans. To explore the importance of the host gut microbiota and to investigate its changes during L. major infection, two different groups of mouse models were assessed. The microbiome of two parts of the host gut-ileum and colon-from infected and non-infected mice were characterised by sequencing of 16S rDNA using an Ion Torrent PGM platform. Microbiome analysis was performed to reveal changes related to the susceptibility and the genetics of mice strains in two different gut compartments and to compare the results between infected and non-infected mice. The results showed that Leishmania infection affects mainly the ileum microbiota, whereas the colon bacterial community was more stable. Different biomarkers were determined in the gut microbiota of infected resistant mice and infected susceptible mice using LEfSe analysis. Lactobacillaceae was associated with resistance in the colon microbiota of all resistant mice strains infected with L. major. Genes related to xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism and amino acid metabolism were primarily enriched in the small intestine microbiome of resistant strains, while genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism were most abundant in the gut microbiome of the infected susceptible mice. These results should improve our understanding of host-parasite interaction and provide important insights into the effect of leishmaniasis on the gut microbiota. Also, this study highlights the role of host genetic variation in shaping the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome. KEY POINTS: • Leishmaniasis may affect mainly the ileum microbiota while colon microbiota was more stable. • Biomarkers related with resistance or susceptibility were determined in the gut microbiota of mice. • Several pathways were predicted to be upregulated in the gut microbiota of resistant or susceptible mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Mrázek
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Mrázková
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Namestí Sitna 3105, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Chahrazed Mekadim
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Taťána Jarošíková
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Namestí Sitna 3105, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Imtissal Krayem
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Genetics, 3Rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic
- Department of Cardiology I-Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Demant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Marie Lipoldová
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Namestí Sitna 3105, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Genetics, 3Rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic
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Roth L, Dogan S, Tuna BG, Aranyi T, Benitez S, Borrell-Pages M, Bozaykut P, De Meyer GRY, Duca L, Durmus N, Fonseca D, Fraenkel E, Gillery P, Giudici A, Jaisson S, Johansson M, Julve J, Lucas-Herald AK, Martinet W, Maurice P, McDonnell BJ, Ozbek EN, Pucci G, Pugh CJA, Rochfort KD, Roks AJM, Rotllan N, Shadiow J, Sohrabi Y, Spronck B, Szeri F, Terentes-Printzios D, Tunc Aydin E, Tura-Ceide O, Ucar E, Yetik-Anacak G. Pharmacological modulation of vascular ageing: A review from VascAgeNet. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102122. [PMID: 37956927 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Vascular ageing, characterized by structural and functional changes in blood vessels of which arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are key components, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and other age-related diseases. As the global population continues to age, understanding the underlying mechanisms and developing effective therapeutic interventions to mitigate vascular ageing becomes crucial for improving cardiovascular health outcomes. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the current knowledge on pharmacological modulation of vascular ageing, highlighting key strategies and promising therapeutic targets. Several molecular pathways have been identified as central players in vascular ageing, including oxidative stress and inflammation, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, cellular senescence, macroautophagy, extracellular matrix remodelling, calcification, and gasotransmitter-related signalling. Pharmacological and dietary interventions targeting these pathways have shown potential in ameliorating age-related vascular changes. Nevertheless, the development and application of drugs targeting vascular ageing is complicated by various inherent challenges and limitations, such as certain preclinical methodological considerations, interactions with exercise training and sex/gender-related differences, which should be taken into account. Overall, pharmacological modulation of endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness as hallmarks of vascular ageing, holds great promise for improving cardiovascular health in the ageing population. Nonetheless, further research is needed to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the efficacy and safety of these interventions for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Roth
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Soner Dogan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Bilge Guvenc Tuna
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Tamas Aranyi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sonia Benitez
- CIBER de Diabetes y enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Borrell-Pages
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Perinur Bozaykut
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laurent Duca
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2 "Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling", Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France
| | - Nergiz Durmus
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Diogo Fonseca
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emil Fraenkel
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Philippe Gillery
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2 "Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling", Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Alessandro Giudici
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphane Jaisson
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2 "Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling", Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | | | - Josep Julve
- CIBER de Diabetes y enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition group, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pascal Maurice
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2 "Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling", Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France
| | - Barry J McDonnell
- Centre for Cardiovascular Health and Ageing, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emine Nur Ozbek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Giacomo Pucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Christopher J A Pugh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Health and Ageing, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Keith D Rochfort
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy, and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anton J M Roks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Disease and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- CIBER de Diabetes y enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Pathophysiology of lipid-related diseases, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - James Shadiow
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Molecular Cardiology, Dept. of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Flora Szeri
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dimitrios Terentes-Printzios
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elif Tunc Aydin
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eda Ucar
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Gunay Yetik-Anacak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acıbadem Mehmet Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkiye.
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Domínguez-Andrés J, Reinecke H, Sohrabi Y. The immune hunger games: the effects of fasting on monocytes. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1098-1100. [PMID: 37165013 PMCID: PMC10541887 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01033-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Holger Reinecke
- Department of Cardiology I-Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I-Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
- Institutes of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Krayem I, Sohrabi Y, Havelková H, Gusareva ES, Strnad H, Čepičková M, Volkova V, Kurey I, Vojtíšková J, Svobodová M, Demant P, Lipoldová M. Functionally distinct regions of the locus Leishmania major response 15 control IgE or IFNγ level in addition to skin lesions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145269. [PMID: 37600780 PMCID: PMC10437074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by parasites of Leishmania spp., endangers more than 1 billion people living in endemic countries and has three clinical forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. Understanding of individual differences in susceptibility to infection and heterogeneity of its pathology is largely lacking. Different mouse strains show a broad and heterogeneous range of disease manifestations such as skin lesions, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and increased serum levels of immunoglobulin E and several cytokines. Genome-wide mapping of these strain differences detected more than 30 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control the response to Leishmania major. Some control different combinations of disease manifestations, but the nature of this heterogeneity is not yet clear. In this study, we analyzed the L. major response locus Lmr15 originally mapped in the strain CcS-9 which carries 12.5% of the genome of the resistant strain STS on the genetic background of the susceptible strain BALB/c. For this analysis, we used the advanced intercross line K3FV between the strains BALB/c and STS. We confirmed the previously detected loci Lmr15, Lmr18, Lmr24, and Lmr27 and performed genetic dissection of the effects of Lmr15 on chromosome 11. We prepared the interval-specific recombinant strains 6232HS1 and 6229FUD, carrying two STS-derived segments comprising the peak linkage of Lmr15 whose lengths were 6.32 and 17.4 Mbp, respectively, and analyzed their response to L. major infection. These experiments revealed at least two linked but functionally distinct chromosomal regions controlling IFNγ response and IgE response, respectively, in addition to the control of skin lesions. Bioinformatics and expression analysis identified the potential candidate gene Top3a. This finding further clarifies the genetic organization of factors relevant to understanding the differences in the individual risk of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtissal Krayem
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cardiology I-Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Helena Havelková
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Elena S. Gusareva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marie Čepičková
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Valeryia Volkova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Iryna Kurey
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jarmila Vojtíšková
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Milena Svobodová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Peter Demant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Marie Lipoldová
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Kaur B, Sohrabi Y, Achreja A, Lisanti MP, Martinez-Outschoorn UE. Editorial: Hallmark of cancer: Reprogramming of cellular metabolism. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1126913. [PMID: 36713555 PMCID: PMC9874241 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1126913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder Kaur
- Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Food Technology, Punjabi University, Patiala, India,*Correspondence: Baljinder Kaur,
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I-Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany,Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Michael P. Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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Sohrabi Y, Reinecke H, Soehnlein O. Trilateral interaction between innervation, leukocyte, and adventitia: a new driver of atherosclerotic plaque formation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:249. [PMID: 35871063 PMCID: PMC9308788 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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10
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Findeisen HM, Voges VC, Braun LC, Sonnenberg J, Schwarz D, Körner H, Reinecke H, Sohrabi Y. LXRα Regulates oxLDL-Induced Trained Immunity in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116166. [PMID: 35682840 PMCID: PMC9181299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of metabolic pathways in monocytes and macrophages can induce a proatherosclerotic inflammatory memory called trained innate immunity. Here, we have analyzed the role of the Liver X receptor (LXR), a crucial regulator of metabolism and inflammation, in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced trained innate immunity. Human monocytes were incubated with LXR agonists, antagonists, and oxLDL for 24 h. After five days of resting time, cells were restimulated with the TLR-2 agonist Pam3cys. OxLDL priming induced the expression of LXRα but not LXRβ. Pharmacologic LXR activation was enhanced, while LXR inhibition prevented the oxLDL-induced inflammatory response. Furthermore, LXR inhibition blocked the metabolic changes necessary for epigenetic reprogramming associated with trained immunity. In fact, enrichment of activating histone marks at the IL-6 and TNFα promotor was reduced following LXR inhibition. Based on the differential expression of the LXR isoforms, we inhibited LXRα and LXRβ genes using siRNA in THP1 cells. As expected, siRNA-mediated knock-down of LXRα blocked the oxLDL-induced inflammatory response, while knock-down of LXRβ had no effect. We demonstrate a specific and novel role of the LXRα isoform in the regulation of oxLDL-induced trained immunity. Our data reveal important aspects of LXR signaling in innate immunity with relevance to atherosclerosis formation.
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Schwarz D, Lipoldová M, Reinecke H, Sohrabi Y. Targeting inflammation with collagen. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e831. [PMID: 35604877 PMCID: PMC9126324 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage caused by an infection oran autoimmune disease triggers degradation of collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM), which further enhances inflammation. Therefore, improving ECM in aninflamed tissue can be exploited as a potential therapeutic target. A recentstudy emphasised an innovative approach against COVID‐19 using polymerised type I collagen (PTIC) that improves disease severity through a hitherto unknownmechanism. In this paper, we provide an overview of potential mechanism thatmay explain the anti‐inflammatory effect of collagen peptides. In addition,the paper includes a brief summary of possible side effect of collagendeposition in inflammatory diseases. Altogether, current knowledge suggeststhat collagen may potentially reduce the residual risk in inflammatorydiseases; however, the detailed mechanism remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Schwarz
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marie Lipoldová
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institutes of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Holger Reinecke
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institutes of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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12
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Krayem I, Sohrabi Y, Javorková E, Volkova V, Strnad H, Havelková H, Vojtíšková J, Aidarova A, Holáň V, Demant P, Lipoldová M. Genetic Influence on Frequencies of Myeloid-Derived Cell Subpopulations in Mouse. Front Immunol 2022; 12:760881. [PMID: 35154069 PMCID: PMC8826059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in frequencies of blood cell subpopulations were reported to influence the course of infections, atopic and autoimmune diseases, and cancer. We have discovered a unique mouse strain B10.O20 containing extremely high frequency of myeloid-derived cells (MDC) in spleen. B10.O20 carries 3.6% of genes of the strain O20 on the C57BL/10 genetic background. It contains much higher frequency of CD11b+Gr1+ cells in spleen than both its parents. B10.O20 carries O20-derived segments on chromosomes 1, 15, 17, and 18. Their linkage with frequencies of blood cell subpopulations in spleen was tested in F2 hybrids between B10.O20 and C57BL/10. We found 3 novel loci controlling MDC frequencies: Mydc1, 2, and 3 on chromosomes 1, 15, and 17, respectively, and a locus controlling relative spleen weight (Rsw1) that co-localizes with Mydc3 and also influences proportion of white and red pulp in spleen. Mydc1 controls numbers of CD11b+Gr1+ cells. Interaction of Mydc2 and Mydc3 regulates frequency of CD11b+Gr1+ cells and neutrophils (Gr1+Siglec-F- cells from CD11b+ cells). Interestingly, Mydc3/Rsw1 is orthologous with human segment 6q21 that was shown previously to determine counts of white blood cells. Bioinformatics analysis of genomic sequence of the chromosomal segments bearing these loci revealed polymorphisms between O20 and C57BL/10 that change RNA stability and genes’ functions, and we examined expression of relevant genes. This identified potential candidate genes Smap1, Vps52, Tnxb, and Rab44. Definition of genetic control of MDC can help to personalize therapy of diseases influenced by these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtissal Krayem
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eliška Javorková
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Valeriya Volkova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Helena Havelková
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jarmila Vojtíšková
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Aigerim Aidarova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Holáň
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Peter Demant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Marie Lipoldová
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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13
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Sohrabi Y, Schwarz D, Reinecke H. LDL-C augments whereas HDL-C prevents inflammatory innate immune memory. Trends Mol Med 2021; 28:1-4. [PMID: 34865983 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies emphasize the importance of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in altering the hematopoietic cell compartment of bone marrow and of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in inhibiting metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation. The data suggest that these lipoproteins may exert their inflammatory or anti-inflammatory roles by modulating innate immune memory. Targeting specific LDL-C and HDL-C subfractions could therefore potentially reduce the residual risk in hepatic and cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Institutes of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Dennis Schwarz
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Holger Reinecke
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyles and dietary habits often lead to diet-associated inflammatory diseases such as obesity and atherosclerosis. Recent studies have provided novel insight into the role of RIPK1 in inflammation and metabolism. RIPK1 silencing can reduce diet-induced obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and atherosclerosis by reducing inflammation, lipid synthesis, and inflammasome activation. Targeting RIPK1 may therefore attenuate chronic metabolic disease and would likely be therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I, Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Institutes of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Holger Reinecke
- Department of Cardiology I, Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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15
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Abstract
Recent data have revealed that fructose-rich diet triggers inflammation and lipid synthesis. Furthermore, lipid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis and sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) activation correlates with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine storm. High fructose consumption result in SREBPs activation, altered cholesterol and lipid synthesis and may establish an innate immune memory in the cells, leading to severe COVID-19 in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Institutes of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Holger Reinecke
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rinesh Godfrey
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Sohrabi Y, Dos Santos JC, Dorenkamp M, Findeisen H, Godfrey R, Netea MG, Joosten LAB. Trained immunity as a novel approach against COVID-19 with a focus on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine: mechanisms, challenges and perspectives. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1228. [PMID: 33363733 PMCID: PMC7755499 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a severe health problem in many countries and has altered day-to-day life in the whole world. This infection is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and depending on age, sex and health status of the patient, it can present with variety of clinical symptoms such as mild infection, a very severe form or even asymptomatic course of the disease. Similarly to other viruses, innate immune response plays a vital role in protection against COVID-19. However, dysregulation of innate immunity could have a significant influence on the severity of the disease. Despite various efforts, there is no effective vaccine against the disease so far. Recent data have demonstrated that the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine could reduce disease severity and the burden of several infectious diseases in addition to targeting its primary focus tuberculosis. There is growing evidence for the concept of beneficial non-specific boosting of immune responses by BCG or other microbial compounds termed trained immunity, which may protect against COVID-19. In this manuscript, we review data on how the development of innate immune memory due to microbial compounds specifically BCG can result in protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss possible mechanisms, challenges and perspectives of using innate immunity as an approach to reduce COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I – Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart FailureUniversity Hospital MünsterMünsterGermany
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Jéssica Cristina Dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre of Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marc Dorenkamp
- Department of Cardiology I – Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart FailureUniversity Hospital MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Hannes Findeisen
- Department of Cardiology I – Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart FailureUniversity Hospital MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Rinesh Godfrey
- Department of Cardiology I – Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart FailureUniversity Hospital MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre of Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES)University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Leo AB Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre of Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Núcleo de Pesquisa da Faculdade da Polícia Militar (FPM) do Estado de GoiásGoiâniaBrazil
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17
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Sohrabi Y, Lagache SMM, Voges VC, Semo D, Sonntag G, Hanemann I, Kahles F, Waltenberger J, Findeisen HM. OxLDL-mediated immunologic memory in endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 146:121-132. [PMID: 32726647 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Trained innate immunity describes the metabolic reprogramming and long-term proinflammatory activation of innate immune cells in response to different pathogen or damage associated molecular patterns, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Here, we have investigated whether the regulatory networks of trained innate immunity also control endothelial cell activation following oxLDL treatment. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were primed with oxLDL for 24 h. After a resting time of 4 days, cells were restimulated with the TLR2-agonist PAM3cys4. OxLDL priming induced a proinflammatory memory with increased production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in response to PAM3cys4 restimulation. This memory formation was dependent on TLR2 activation. Furthermore, oxLDL priming of HAECs caused characteristic metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming, including activation of mTOR-HIF1α-signaling with increases in glucose consumption and lactate production, as well as epigenetic modifications in inflammatory gene promoters. Inhibition of mTOR-HIF1α-signaling or histone methyltransferases blocked the observed phenotype. Furthermore, primed HAECs showed epigenetic activation of ICAM-1 and increased ICAM-1 expression in a HIF1α-dependent manner. Accordingly, live cell imaging revealed increased monocyte adhesion and transmigration following oxLDL priming. In summary, we demonstrate that oxLDL-mediated endothelial cell activation represents an immunologic event, which triggers metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Molecular mechanisms regulating trained innate immunity in innate immune cells also regulate this sustained proinflammatory phenotype in HAECs with enhanced atheroprone cell functions. Further research is necessary to elucidate the detailed metabolic regulation and the functional relevance for atherosclerosis formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Germany.
| | - Sina M M Lagache
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Vivienne C Voges
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Dilvin Semo
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Glenn Sonntag
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Irene Hanemann
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Kahles
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Hannes M Findeisen
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Germany.
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18
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Sohrabi Y, Sonntag GVH, Braun LC, Lagache SMM, Liebmann M, Klotz L, Godfrey R, Kahles F, Waltenberger J, Findeisen HM. LXR Activation Induces a Proinflammatory Trained Innate Immunity-Phenotype in Human Monocytes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:353. [PMID: 32210962 PMCID: PMC7077358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The concept of trained innate immunity describes a long-term proinflammatory memory in innate immune cells. Trained innate immunity is regulated through reprogramming of cellular metabolic pathways including cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis. Here, we have analyzed the role of Liver X Receptor (LXR), a key regulator of cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis, in trained innate immunity. Methods and Results Human monocytes were isolated and incubated with different stimuli for 24 h, including LXR agonists, antagonists and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. After 5 days resting time, cells were restimulated with the TLR2-agonist Pam3cys. LXR activation did not only increase BCG trained immunity, but also induced a long-term inflammatory activation by itself. This inflammatory activation by LXR agonists was accompanied by characteristic features of trained innate immunity, such as activating histone marks on inflammatory gene promoters and metabolic reprogramming with increased lactate production and decreased oxygen consumption rate. Mechanistically, LXR priming increased cellular acetyl-CoA levels and was dependent on the activation of the mevalonate pathway and IL-1β signaling. In contrast to mevalonate pathway inhibition, blocking fatty acid synthesis further increased proinflammatory priming by LXR. Conclusion We demonstrate that LXR activation induces a proinflammatory trained immunity phenotype in human monocytes through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. Our data reveal important novel aspects of LXR signaling in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Glenn V H Sonntag
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Laura C Braun
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sina M M Lagache
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marie Liebmann
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rinesh Godfrey
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Kahles
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannes M Findeisen
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Hemling P, Zibrova D, Strutz J, Sohrabi Y, Desoye G, Schulten H, Findeisen H, Heller R, Godfrey R, Waltenberger J. Hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction is alleviated by thioredoxin mimetic peptides through the restoration of VEGFR-2-induced responses and improved cell survival. Int J Cardiol 2019; 308:73-81. [PMID: 31955977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is an important cardiovascular risk factor characterized by elevated plasma glucose levels. High glucose (HG) negatively influences endothelial cell (EC) function, which is characterized by the inability of ECs to respond to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) stimulation. We aimed to identify potential strategies to improve EC function in diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS Human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to hyperglycemic milieu by exposing cells to HG together with glucose metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG) in vitro. Hyperglycemic cells showed reduced chemotactic responses towards VEGF-A as revealed by Boyden chamber migration assays, indicating the development of "VEGF resistance" phenotype. Furthermore, HG/MG-exposed cells were defective in their general migratory and proliferative responses and were in a pro-apoptotic state. Mechanistically, the exposure to HG/MG resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation which is secondary to the impairment of thioredoxin (Trx) activity in these cells. Pharmacological and genetic targeting of Trx recapitulated VEGF resistance. Functional supplementation of Trx using thioredoxin mimetic peptides (TMP) reversed the HG/MG-induced ROS generation, improved the migration, proliferation, survival and restored VEGF-A-induced chemotaxis and sprouting angiogenesis of hyperglycemic ECs. Importantly, TMP treatment reduced ROS accumulation and improved VEGF-A responses of placental arterial endothelial cells isolated from gestational diabetes mellitus patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a putative role for Trx in modulating EC function and its functional impairment in HG conditions contribute to EC dysfunction. Supplementation of TMP could be used as a novel strategy to improve endothelial cell function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Hemling
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Darya Zibrova
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jasmin Strutz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Henny Schulten
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hannes Findeisen
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Regine Heller
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Rinesh Godfrey
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, SRH Central Hospial, Suhl, Germany.
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Lagache S, Sohrabi Y, Schnack L, Waltenberger J, Reinecke H, Findeisen H. Treatment Of Huvec Cells With Oxldl Or Bcg Induces A Sustained But Distinct Proinflammatory Priming. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sohrabi Y, Schnack L, Lagache S, Waltenberger J, Reinecke H, Findeisen H. Mtor-Dependent Oxidative Stress Regulates Oxldl-Induced Trained Innate Immunity In Human Monocytes. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schnack L, Sohrabi Y, Lagache S, Waltenberger J, Reinecke H, Findeisen H. Mechanisms Of Trained Innate Immunity In Oxldl And Bcg Primed Human Coronary Smooth Muscle Cells. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Kobets T, Čepičková M, Volkova V, Sohrabi Y, Havelková H, Svobodová M, Demant P, Lipoldová M. Novel Loci Controlling Parasite Load in Organs of Mice Infected With Leishmania major, Their Interactions and Sex Influence. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1083. [PMID: 31231359 PMCID: PMC6566641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a serious health problem in many countries, and continues expanding to new geographic areas including Europe and USA. This disease, caused by parasites of Leishmania spp. and transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies, causes up to 1.3 million new cases each year and despite efforts toward its functional dissection and treatment it causes 20–50 thousands deaths annually. Dependence of susceptibility to leishmaniasis on sex and host's genes was observed in humans and in mouse models. Several laboratories defined in mice a number of Lmr (Leishmania major response) genetic loci that control functional and pathological components of the response to and outcome of L. major infection. However, the development of its most aggressive form, visceral leishmaniasis, which is lethal if untreated, is not yet understood. Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by infection and inflammation of internal organs. Therefore, we analyzed the genetics of parasite load, spread to internal organs, and ensuing visceral pathology. Using a new PCR-based method of quantification of parasites in tissues we describe a network-like set of interacting genetic loci that control parasite load in different organs. Quantification of Leishmania parasites in lymph nodes, spleen and liver from infected F2 hybrids between BALB/c and recombinant congenic strains CcS-9 and CcS-16 allowed us to map two novel parasite load controlling Leishmania major response loci, Lmr24 and Lmr27. We also detected parasite-controlling role of the previously described loci Lmr4, Lmr11, Lmr13, Lmr14, Lmr15, and Lmr25, and describe 8 genetic interactions between them. Lmr14, Lmr15, Lmr25, and Lmr27 controlled parasite load in liver and lymph nodes. In addition, Leishmania burden in lymph nodes but not liver was influenced by Lmr4 and Lmr24. In spleen, parasite load was controlled by Lmr11 and Lmr13. We detected a strong effect of sex on some of these genes. We also mapped additional genes controlling splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. This resulted in a systematized insight into genetic control of spread and load of Leishmania parasites and visceral pathology in the mammalian organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Kobets
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marie Čepičková
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Valeriya Volkova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Helena Havelková
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Peter Demant
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Marie Lipoldová
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
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24
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Dorhoi A, Glaría E, Garcia-Tellez T, Nieuwenhuizen NE, Zelinskyy G, Favier B, Singh A, Ehrchen J, Gujer C, Münz C, Saraiva M, Sohrabi Y, Sousa AE, Delputte P, Müller-Trutwin M, Valledor AF. MDSCs in infectious diseases: regulation, roles, and readjustment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:673-685. [PMID: 30569204 PMCID: PMC11028159 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many pathogens, ranging from viruses to multicellular parasites, promote expansion of MDSCs, which are myeloid cells that exhibit immunosuppressive features. The roles of MDSCs in infection depend on the class and virulence mechanisms of the pathogen, the stage of the disease, and the pathology associated with the infection. This work compiles evidence supported by functional assays on the roles of different subsets of MDSCs in acute and chronic infections, including pathogen-associated malignancies, and discusses strategies to modulate MDSC dynamics to benefit the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Estibaliz Glaría
- Nuclear Receptor Group, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 3rd floor, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Gennadiy Zelinskyy
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Benoit Favier
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, IBJF, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anurag Singh
- University Children's Hospital and Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Ehrchen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelia Gujer
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ana E Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Annabel F Valledor
- Nuclear Receptor Group, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 3rd floor, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Schnack L, Sohrabi Y, Lagache SMM, Kahles F, Bruemmer D, Waltenberger J, Findeisen HM. Mechanisms of Trained Innate Immunity in oxLDL Primed Human Coronary Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:13. [PMID: 30728822 PMCID: PMC6351498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Damage and pathogen associated molecular patterns such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) or bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine can induce long term pro-inflammatory priming in monocytes and macrophages due to metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming—an emerging new concept called trained innate immunity. Vascular smooth muscle cells express pattern recognition receptors involved in trained innate immunity in monocytes. Here we investigated whether the mechanisms of trained innate immunity also control a proinflammatory phenotype in human coronary smooth muscle cells. Methods: Human coronary smooth muscle cells were primed with oxLDL or BCG for 24 h. After a resting time of 4 to 7 days, the cells were restimulated with either PAM3cys4, LPS or TNFα and cytokine production or mRNA expression were measured. Then, mechanisms of monocyte trained innate immunity were analyzed in smooth muscle cells, including receptors, intracellular pathways as well as metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Results: Priming with oxLDL or BCG lead to a significantly increased production of IL6, IL8 and MCP-1 following restimulation. OxLDL priming had little effect on the expression of macrophage or SMC marker genes. Proinflammatory priming of smooth muscle cells induced mTOR-HIF1α-signaling and could be blocked by mTOR-, TLR2-, and TLR4-inhibition. Finally, metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms of trained innate immunity in monocytes could be replicated in smooth muscle cells, including increased glucose consumption, lactate production, responsiveness to 6-fluoromevalonate and mevalonate treatment and inhibition of priming by the histone methyltransferase inhibitor methylthioadenosine (MTA). Conclusion: We demonstrate for the first time that mechanisms of the so called trained innate immunity control a proinflammatory phenotype in non-immune cells of the vascular wall. Our findings warrant further research into the specificity of trained innate immunity as an immune cell response as well as the mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle cells inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Schnack
- Department of Cardiology I, Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I, Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sina M M Lagache
- Department of Cardiology I, Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Kahles
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dennis Bruemmer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannes M Findeisen
- Department of Cardiology I, Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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26
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Sohrabi Y, Lagache SMM, Schnack L, Godfrey R, Kahles F, Bruemmer D, Waltenberger J, Findeisen HM. mTOR-Dependent Oxidative Stress Regulates oxLDL-Induced Trained Innate Immunity in Human Monocytes. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3155. [PMID: 30723479 PMCID: PMC6350618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cells of the innate immune system particularly monocytes and macrophages have been recognized as pivotal players both during the initial insult as well as the chronic phase of atherosclerosis. It has recently been shown that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) induces a long-term pro-inflammatory response in monocytes due to epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming, an emerging new concept called trained innate immunity. Changes in the cellular redox state are crucial events in the regulation of many physiologic functions in macrophages including transcription, differentiation and inflammatory response. Here we have analyzed the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating this proinflammatory monocyte priming in response to oxLDL-treatment. Methods and Results: Human monocytes were isolated and incubated with oxLDL for 24 h. After 5 days of resting, oxLDL treated cells produced significantly more inflammatory cytokines upon restimulation with the TLR2-agonist Pam3cys. Furthermore, oxLDL incubation induced persistent mTOR activation, ROS formation, HIF1α accumulation and HIF1α target gene expression, while pharmacologic mTOR inhibition or siRNA mediated inhibition of the mTORC1 subunit Raptor prevented ROS formation and proinflammatory priming. mTOR dependent ROS formation was associated with increased expression of NAPDH oxidases and necessary for the emergence of the primed phenotype as antioxidant treatment blocked oxLDL priming. Inhibition of cytosolic ROS formation could also block mTOR activation and HIF1α accumulation suggesting a positive feedback loop between mTOR and cytosolic ROS. Although mitochondrial ROS scavenging did not block HIF1α-accumulation at an early time point (24 h), it was persistently reduced on day 6. Therefore, mitochondrial ROS formation appears to occur initially downstream of the mTOR-cytoROS-HIF1α feedback loop but seems to be a crucial factor that controls the long-term activation of the mTOR-HIF1α-axis. Conclusion: In summary, our data demonstrate that mTOR dependent ROS production controls the oxLDL-induced trained innate immunity phenotype in human monocyte derived macrophages. Pharmacologic modulation of these pathways might provide a potential approach to modulate inflammation, associated with aberrant monocyte activation, during atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I-Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sina M M Lagache
- Department of Cardiology I-Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lucia Schnack
- Department of Cardiology I-Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rinesh Godfrey
- Department of Cardiology I-Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Florian Kahles
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dennis Bruemmer
- Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UMPC) and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannes M Findeisen
- Department of Cardiology I-Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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27
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Amodio G, Cichy J, Conde P, Matteoli G, Moreau A, Ochando J, Oral BH, Pekarova M, Ryan EJ, Roth J, Sohrabi Y, Cuturi MC, Gregori S. Role of myeloid regulatory cells (MRCs) in maintaining tissue homeostasis and promoting tolerance in autoimmunity, inflammatory disease and transplantation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 68:661-672. [PMID: 30357490 PMCID: PMC6447499 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells play a pivotal role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. In inflammation, autoimmunity, and after transplantation, myeloid cells have contrasting roles: on the one hand they initiate the immune response, promoting activation and expansion of effector T-cells, and on the other, they counter-regulate inflammation, maintain tissue homeostasis, and promote tolerance. The latter activities are mediated by several myeloid cells including polymorphonuclear neutrophils, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and dendritic cells. Since these cells have been associated with immune suppression and tolerance, they will be further referred to as myeloid regulatory cells (MRCs). In recent years, MRCs have emerged as a therapeutic target or have been regarded as a potential cellular therapeutic product for tolerance induction. However, several open questions must be addressed to enable the therapeutic application of MRCs including: how do they function at the site of inflammation, how to best target these cells to modulate their activities, and how to isolate or to generate pure populations for adoptive cell therapies. In this review, we will give an overview of the current knowledge on MRCs in inflammation, autoimmunity, and transplantation. We will discuss current strategies to target MRCs and to exploit their tolerogenic potential as a cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Amodio
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Patricia Conde
- Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220, , Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Moreau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jordi Ochando
- Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220, , Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbaros H Oral
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Michaela Pekarova
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elizabeth J Ryan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maria-Cristina Cuturi
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Silvia Gregori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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28
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Abstract
Exposing innate immune cells to an initial insult induces a long-term proinflammatory response due to metabolic and epigenetic alterations which encompass an emerging new concept called trained immunity. Recent studies provide novel insights into mechanisms centered on metabolic reprogramming which induce innate immune memory in hematopoietic stem cells and monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Sohrabi
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Rinesh Godfrey
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hannes M Findeisen
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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29
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Schnack L, Sohrabi Y, Waltenberger J, Findeisen H. P3796DAMPs and PAMPs induce a pro-inflammatory training effect in human coronary smooth muscle cells. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Schnack
- University Medical Center, Cardiology, Münster, Germany
| | - Y Sohrabi
- University Medical Center, Cardiology, Münster, Germany
| | | | - H Findeisen
- University Medical Center, Cardiology, Münster, Germany
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30
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Palus M, Sohrabi Y, Broman KW, Strnad H, Šíma M, Růžek D, Volkova V, Slapničková M, Vojtíšková J, Mrázková L, Salát J, Lipoldová M. A novel locus on mouse chromosome 7 that influences survival after infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:39. [PMID: 29976152 PMCID: PMC6034256 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the main tick-borne viral infection in Eurasia. Its manifestations range from inapparent infections and fevers with complete recovery to debilitating or fatal encephalitis. The basis of this heterogeneity is largely unknown, but part of this variation is likely due to host genetic. We have previously found that BALB/c mice exhibit intermediate susceptibility to the infection of TBE virus (TBEV), STS mice are highly resistant, whereas the recombinant congenic strain CcS-11, carrying 12.5% of the STS genome on the background of the BALB/c genome is even more susceptible than BALB/c. Importantly, mouse orthologs of human TBE controlling genes Oas1b, Cd209, Tlr3, Ccr5, Ifnl3 and Il10, are in CcS-11 localized on segments derived from the strain BALB/c, so they are identical in BALB/c and CcS-11. As they cannot be responsible for the phenotypic difference of the two strains, we searched for the responsible STS-derived gene-locus. Of course the STS-derived genes in CcS-11 may operate through regulating or epigenetically modifying these non-polymorphic genes of BALB/c origin. Methods To determine the location of the STS genes responsible for susceptibility of CcS-11, we analyzed survival of TBEV-infected F2 hybrids between BALB/c and CcS-11. CcS-11 carries STS-derived segments on eight chromosomes. These were genotyped in the F2 hybrid mice and their linkage with survival was tested by binary trait interval mapping. We have sequenced genomes of BALB/c and STS using next generation sequencing and performed bioinformatics analysis of the chromosomal segment exhibiting linkage with TBEV survival. Results Linkage analysis revealed a novel suggestive survival-controlling locus on chromosome 7 linked to marker D7Nds5 (44.2 Mb). Analysis of this locus for polymorphisms between BALB/c and STS that change RNA stability and genes’ functions led to detection of 9 potential candidate genes: Cd33, Klk1b22, Siglece, Klk1b16, Fut2, Grwd1, Abcc6, Otog, and Mkrn3. One of them, Cd33, carried a nonsense mutation in the STS strain. Conclusions The robust genetic system of recombinant congenic strains of mice enabled detection of a novel suggestive locus on chromosome 7. This locus contains 9 candidate genes, which will be focus of future studies not only in mice but also in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Palus
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karl W Broman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, 6770 Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706-1532, USA
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matyáš Šíma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Valeriya Volkova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Slapničková
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Vojtíšková
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Mrázková
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Sítná 3105, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Salát
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Lipoldová
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Sítná 3105, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic.
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31
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Sohrabi Y, Lipoldová M. Mannose Receptor and the Mystery of Nonhealing Leishmania major Infection. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:354-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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32
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Sohrabi Y, Volkova V, Kobets T, Havelková H, Krayem I, Slapničková M, Demant P, Lipoldová M. Genetic Regulation of Guanylate-Binding Proteins 2b and 5 during Leishmaniasis in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:130. [PMID: 29467757 PMCID: PMC5808352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced GTPases [guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs)] play an important role in inflammasome activation and mediate innate resistance to many intracellular pathogens, but little is known about their role in leishmaniasis. We therefore studied expression of Gbp2b/Gbp1 and Gbp5 mRNA in skin, inguinal lymph nodes, spleen, and liver after Leishmania major infection and in uninfected controls. We used two different groups of related mouse strains: BALB/c, STS, and CcS-5, CcS-16, and CcS-20 that carry different combinations of BALB/c and STS genomes, and strains O20, C57BL/10 (B10) and B10.O20, OcB-9, and OcB-43 carrying different combinations of O20 and B10 genomes. The strains were classified on the basis of size and number of infection-induced skin lesions as highly susceptible (BALB/c, CcS-16), susceptible (B10.O20), intermediate (CcS-20), and resistant (STS, O20, B10, OcB-9, OcB-43). Some uninfected strains differed in expression of Gbp2b/Gbp1 and Gbp5, especially of Gbp2b/Gbp1 in skin. Uninfected BALB/c and STS did not differ in their expression, but in CcS-5, CcS-16, and CcS-20, which all carry BALB/c-derived Gbp gene-cluster, expression of Gbp2b/Gbp1 exceeds that of both parents. These data indicate trans-regulation of Gbps. Infection resulted in approximately 10× upregulation of Gbp2b/Gbp1 and Gbp5 mRNAs in organs of both susceptible and resistant strains, which was most pronounced in skin. CcS-20 expressed higher level of Gbp2b/Gbp1 than both parental strains in skin, whereas CcS-16 expressed higher level of Gbp2b/Gbp1 than both parental strains in skin and liver. This indicates a trans-regulation present in infected mice CcS-16 and CcS-20. Immunostaining of skin of five strains revealed in resistant and intermediate strains STS, CcS-5, O20, and CcS-20 tight co-localization of Gbp2b/Gbp1 protein with most L. major parasites, whereas in the highly susceptible strain, BALB/c most parasites did not associate with Gbp2b/Gbp1. In conclusion, expression of Gbp2b/Gbp1 and Gbp5 was increased even in organs of clinically asymptomatic resistant mice. It suggests a hidden inflammation, which might contribute to control of persisting parasites. This is supported by the co-localization of Gbpb2/Gbp1 protein and L. major parasites in skin of resistant and intermediate but not highly susceptible mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Sohrabi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Valeryia Volkova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tatyana Kobets
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Helena Havelková
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Imtissal Krayem
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Slapničková
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Peter Demant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Marie Lipoldová
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Sohrabi Y, Havelková H, Kobets T, Šíma M, Volkova V, Grekov I, Jarošíková T, Kurey I, Vojtíšková J, Svobodová M, Demant P, Lipoldová M. Mapping the genes for susceptibility and response to Leishmania tropica in mouse. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2282. [PMID: 23875032 PMCID: PMC3708836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background L. tropica can cause both cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in humans. Although the L. tropica-induced cutaneous disease has been long known, its potential to visceralize in humans was recognized only recently. As nothing is known about the genetics of host responses to this infection and their clinical impact, we developed an informative animal model. We described previously that the recombinant congenic strain CcS-16 carrying 12.5% genes from the resistant parental strain STS/A and 87.5% genes from the susceptible strain BALB/c is more susceptible to L. tropica than BALB/c. We used these strains to map and functionally characterize the gene-loci regulating the immune responses and pathology. Methods We analyzed genetics of response to L. tropica in infected F2 hybrids between BALB/c×CcS-16. CcS-16 strain carries STS-derived segments on nine chromosomes. We genotyped these segments in the F2 hybrid mice and tested their linkage with pathological changes and systemic immune responses. Principal Findings We mapped 8 Ltr (Leishmania tropica response) loci. Four loci (Ltr2, Ltr3, Ltr6 and Ltr8) exhibit independent responses to L. tropica, while Ltr1, Ltr4, Ltr5 and Ltr7 were detected only in gene-gene interactions with other Ltr loci. Ltr3 exhibits the recently discovered phenomenon of transgenerational parental effect on parasite numbers in spleen. The most precise mapping (4.07 Mb) was achieved for Ltr1 (chr.2), which controls parasite numbers in lymph nodes. Five Ltr loci co-localize with loci controlling susceptibility to L. major, three are likely L. tropica specific. Individual Ltr loci affect different subsets of responses, exhibit organ specific effects and a separate control of parasite load and organ pathology. Conclusion We present the first identification of genetic loci controlling susceptibility to L. tropica. The different combinations of alleles controlling various symptoms of the disease likely co-determine different manifestations of disease induced by the same pathogen in individual mice. Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by Leishmania ssp. is among the most neglected infectious diseases. In humans, L. tropica causes cutaneous form of leishmaniasis, but can damage internal organs too. The reasons for this variability are not known, and its genetic basis was never investigated. Therefore, analysis of genes affecting host's responses to this infection can elucidate the characteristics of individual host-parasite interactions. Recombinant congenic strain CcS-16 carries 12.5% genes from the mouse strain STS/A on genetic background of the strain BALB/c, and it is more susceptible than BALB/c. In F2 hybrids between BALB/c and CcS-16 we detected and mapped eight gene-loci, Ltr1-8 (Leishmania tropica response 1-8) that control various manifestations of disease: skin lesions, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, parasite numbers in spleen, liver, and inguinal lymph nodes, and serum level of CCL3, CCL5, and CCL7 after L. tropica infection. These loci are functionally heterogeneous - each influences a different set of responses to the pathogen. Five loci co-localize with the previously described loci that control susceptibility to L. major, three are species-specific. Ltr2 co-localizes not only with Lmr14 (Leishmania major response 14), but also with Ir2 influencing susceptibility to L. donovani and might therefore carry a common gene controlling susceptibility to leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Sohrabi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Havelková
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tetyana Kobets
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matyáš Šíma
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Valeriya Volkova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Grekov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Taťána Jarošíková
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Iryna Kurey
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Vojtíšková
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Peter Demant
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Marie Lipoldová
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Khamesipour A, Nateghi Rostami M, Tasbihi M, Miramin Mohammadi A, Shahrestani T, Sarrafnejad A, Sohrabi Y, Eskandari SE, Keshavarz Valian H. Phenotyping of circulating CD8⁺ T cell subsets in human cutaneous leishmaniasis. Microbes Infect 2012; 14:702-11. [PMID: 22421108 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recovery from CL is usually accompanied with long-lasting protection and induction of strong immune response. The phenotypes, generation and maintenance of central (=T(CM)) and effector (=T(EM)) memory T cell subsets in human leishmaniasis are not well known. Profile of T cell subsets were analyzed on peripheral CD8⁺ T cells from volunteers with history of cutaneous leishmaniasis (HCL). In HCL and control groups, mean frequencies of CCR7⁺CD45RA⁺CD8⁺ naïve and CCR7⁻CD45RA⁻CD8⁺ T(EM) cells were higher than other subsets before culture, but after stimulation with soluble Leishmania antigen, the frequency of naïve T cells was significantly decreased and the frequency of T(EM) cells was significantly increased. T(EM) phenotype composed the highest portion of proliferating Carboxy Fluorescein diacetate Succinimidyl Ester (CFSE)-dim population which was significantly higher in HCL volunteers than in control group. Stimulation of isolated CD8⁺ memory T cells, but not naïve T cells, from HCL volunteers induced a significantly higher IFN-γ production compared with that of healthy controls. Intracellular IFN-γ staining provided the same result. Memory population is shown to be responsible for Leishmania-induced IFN-γ production. Leishmania-reactive proliferating T(EM) cells were identified as the most frequent subset which may play a role in recall immune response and protection against Leishmania infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khamesipour
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6383, Tehran, Iran
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