51
|
Fumoto K, Takigawa-Imamura H, Sumiyama K, Yoshimura SH, Maehara N, Kikuchi A. Mark1 regulates distal airspace expansion through type I pneumocyte flattening in lung development. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.235556. [PMID: 31719161 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.235556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the later stages of lung development, two types of pneumocytes, cuboidal type II (AECII) and flattened type I (AECI) alveolar epithelial cells, form distal lung saccules. Here, we highlight how fibroblasts expressing MAP-microtubule affinity regulating kinase 1 (Mark1) are required for the terminal stages of pulmonary development, called lung sacculation. In Mark1-knockout (KO) mice, distal sacculation and AECI flattening are significantly impaired. Fetal epithelial cells generate alveolar organoids and differentiate into pneumocytes when co-cultured with fibroblasts. However, the size of organoids decreased and AECI flattening was impaired in the presence of Mark1 KO fibroblasts. In Mark1 KO fibroblasts themselves, cilia formation and the Hedgehog pathway were suppressed, resulting in the loss of type I collagen expression. The addition of type I collagen restored AECI flattening in organoids co-cultured with Mark1 KO fibroblasts and rescued the decreased size of organoids. Mathematical modeling of distal lung sacculation supports the view that AECI flattening is necessary for the proper formation of saccule-like structures. These results suggest that Mark1-mediated fibroblast activation induces AECI flattening and thereby regulates distal lung sacculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Fumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisako Takigawa-Imamura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenta Sumiyama
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Center, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shige H Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Natsumi Maehara
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Emmett MJ, Lazar MA. Integrative regulation of physiology by histone deacetylase 3. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:102-115. [PMID: 30390028 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-type-specific gene expression is physiologically modulated by the binding of transcription factors to genomic enhancer sequences, to which chromatin modifiers such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) are recruited. Drugs that inhibit HDACs are in clinical use but lack specificity. HDAC3 is a stoichiometric component of nuclear receptor co-repressor complexes whose enzymatic activity depends on this interaction. HDAC3 is required for many aspects of mammalian development and physiology, for example, for controlling metabolism and circadian rhythms. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which HDAC3 regulates cell type-specific enhancers, the structure of HDAC3 and its function as part of nuclear receptor co-repressors, its enzymatic activity and its post-translational modifications. We then discuss the plethora of tissue-specific physiological functions of HDAC3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Emmett
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Transcriptional control of lung alveolar type 1 cell development and maintenance by NK homeobox 2-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20545-20555. [PMID: 31548395 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906663116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraordinarily thin alveolar type 1 (AT1) cell constitutes nearly the entire gas exchange surface and allows passive diffusion of oxygen into the blood stream. Despite such an essential role, the transcriptional network controlling AT1 cells remains unclear. Using cell-specific knockout mouse models, genomic profiling, and 3D imaging, we found that NK homeobox 2-1 (Nkx2-1) is expressed in AT1 cells and is required for the development and maintenance of AT1 cells. Without Nkx2-1, developing AT1 cells lose 3 defining features-molecular markers, expansive morphology, and cellular quiescence-leading to alveolar simplification and lethality. NKX2-1 is also cell-autonomously required for the same 3 defining features in mature AT1 cells. Intriguingly, Nkx2-1 mutant AT1 cells activate gastrointestinal (GI) genes and form dense microvilli-like structures apically. Single-cell RNA-seq supports a linear transformation of Nkx2-1 mutant AT1 cells toward a GI fate. Whole lung ChIP-seq shows NKX2-1 binding to 68% of genes that are down-regulated upon Nkx2-1 deletion, including 93% of known AT1 genes, but near-background binding to up-regulated genes. Our results place NKX2-1 at the top of the AT1 cell transcriptional hierarchy and demonstrate remarkable plasticity of an otherwise terminally differentiated cell type.
Collapse
|
54
|
Philpot PA, Bhandari V. Predicting the likelihood of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature neonates. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 13:871-884. [PMID: 31340666 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1648215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common serious pulmonary morbidity in premature infants. Despite ongoing advances in neonatal care, the incidence of BPD has not improved. A potential explanation for this phenomenon is the limited ability for accurate early prediction of the risk of BPD. BPD continues to represent a therapeutic challenge and no single effective therapy exists for this condition. Areas covered: Here, we review risk factors of BPD derived from clinical data, biological fluid biomarkers, respiratory management data, and scientific advancements using 'omics' technologies, and their ability to predict the pathogenesis of BPD in preterm neonates. Risk factors and biomarkers were identified via literature search with a focus on the last 5 years of data. Expert opinion: The most accurate predictive tools utilize risk factors that encompass a variety of categories. Numerous predictive models have been proposed but suffer from a lack of adequate validation. An ideal model should include multiple, easily measurable variables validated across a heterogeneous population. In addition to evaluating recent BPD prediction models, we suggest approaches to enhance future models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Philpot
- Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University College of Medicine, Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Miyazawa H, Muramatsu Y, Makino H, Yamaguchi Y, Miura M. Temporal regulation of Lin28a during mammalian neurulation contributes to neonatal body size control. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:931-941. [PMID: 31301196 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing of developmental events is tightly regulated along a time axis for normal development. Although the RNA-binding protein Lin28a plays a crucial role in the regulation of developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans, how the timing of Lin28a expression affects the rate and/or duration of developmental events during mammalian development remains to be addressed. RESULTS In this study, we discovered that the timing and the duration of Lin28a expression affect embryonic growth. During the neurulation stage of mouse development, endogenous Lin28a levels start to drop. When Lin28a expression was maintained transiently using the inducible tetracycline-regulated gene expression (Tet-ON) system [doxycycline (Dox)-inducible Lin28a transgenic (iLin28a Tg) mice] with Dox administration at E8.5 and E9.5, it resulted in neonatal lethality, increased body weight (organomegaly), and an increased number of caudal vertebrae at birth. On the other hand, Lin28a induction only at E8.5 caused neonatal lethality and organomegaly, but did not affect the caudal vertebra number. Of note, although Dox treatment before or after neurulation still caused neonatal lethality, it neither caused organomegaly nor the increased caudal vertebra number in iLin28a Tg neonates. CONCLUSIONS Temporal regulation of Lin28a expression during neurulation affects developmental events such as cessation of axial elongation and embryonic growth in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Miyazawa
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Muramatsu
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hatsune Makino
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
- Hibernation Metabolism, Physiology and Development Group, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Shrestha A, Carraro G, Nottet N, Vazquez-Armendariz AI, Herold S, Cordero J, Singh I, Wilhelm J, Barreto G, Morty R, El Agha E, Mari B, Chen C, Zhang JS, Chao CM, Bellusci S. A critical role for miR-142 in alveolar epithelial lineage formation in mouse lung development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2817-2832. [PMID: 30887098 PMCID: PMC11105218 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium arises from alveolar epithelial progenitors which differentiate into alveolar epithelial type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) cells. AT2 cells are stem cells in the lung critical for the repair process after injury. Mechanisms regulating AT1 and AT2 cell maturation are poorly defined. We report that the activation of the glucocorticoid pathway in an in vitro alveolar epithelial lineage differentiation assay led to increased AT2 marker Sftpc and decreased miR-142 expression. Using miR-142 KO mice, we demonstrate an increase in the AT2/AT1 cell number ratio. Overexpression of miR-142 in alveolar progenitor cells in vivo led to the opposite effect. Examination of the KO lungs at E18.5 revealed enhanced expression of miR-142 targets Apc, Ep300 and Kras associated with increased β-catenin and p-Erk signaling. Silencing of miR-142 expression in lung explants grown in vitro triggers enhanced Sftpc expression as well as increased AT2/AT1 cell number ratio. Pharmacological inhibition of Ep300-β-catenin but not Erk in vitro prevented the increase in Sftpc expression triggered by loss of miR-142. These results suggest that the glucocorticoid-miR-142-Ep300-β-catenin signaling axis controls pneumocyte maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Shrestha
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Nottet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR 7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Sophia Antipolis, France
- Universite Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Ana Ivonne Vazquez-Armendariz
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julio Cordero
- Lung Cancer Epigenetics, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Indrabahadur Singh
- Lung Cancer Epigenetics, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Lung Cancer Epigenetics, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Rory Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Elie El Agha
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernard Mari
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR 7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Sophia Antipolis, France
- Universite Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Gießen, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Liberti DC, Zepp JA, Bartoni CA, Liberti KH, Zhou S, Lu M, Morley MP, Morrisey EE. Dnmt1 is required for proximal-distal patterning of the lung endoderm and for restraining alveolar type 2 cell fate. Dev Biol 2019; 454:108-117. [PMID: 31242446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung endoderm development occurs through a series of finely coordinated transcriptional processes that are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. However, the role of DNA methylation in regulating lung endoderm development remains poorly understood. We demonstrate that DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) is required for early branching morphogenesis of the lungs and for restraining epithelial fate specification. Loss of Dnmt1 leads to an early branching defect, a loss of epithelial polarity and proximal endodermal cell differentiation, and an expansion of the distal endoderm compartment. Dnmt1 deficiency also disrupts epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk and leads to precocious distal endodermal cell differentiation with premature expression of alveolar type 2 cell restricted genes. These data reveal an important requirement for Dnmt1 mediated DNA methylation in early lung development to promote proper branching morphogenesis, maintain proximal endodermal cell fate, and suppress premature activation of the distal epithelial fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Liberti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jarod A Zepp
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christina A Bartoni
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kyle H Liberti
- Middleware Engineering, Red Hat, Westford, MA, 01886, USA
| | - Su Zhou
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Minmin Lu
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Morley
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Cellular crosstalk in the development and regeneration of the respiratory system. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:551-566. [PMID: 31217577 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory system, including the peripheral lungs, large airways and trachea, is one of the most recently evolved adaptations to terrestrial life. To support the exchange of respiratory gases, the respiratory system is interconnected with the cardiovascular system, and this interconnective nature requires a complex interplay between a myriad of cell types. Until recently, this complexity has hampered our understanding of how the respiratory system develops and responds to postnatal injury to maintain homeostasis. The advent of new single-cell sequencing technologies, developments in cellular and tissue imaging and advances in cell lineage tracing have begun to fill this gap. The view that emerges from these studies is that cellular and functional heterogeneity of the respiratory system is even greater than expected and also highly adaptive. In this Review, we explore the cellular crosstalk that coordinates the development and regeneration of the respiratory system. We discuss both the classic cell and developmental biology studies and recent single-cell analysis to provide an integrated understanding of the cellular niches that control how the respiratory system develops, interacts with the external environment and responds to injury.
Collapse
|
59
|
Alapati D, Zacharias WJ, Hartman HA, Rossidis AC, Stratigis JD, Ahn NJ, Coons B, Zhou S, Li H, Singh K, Katzen J, Tomer Y, Chadwick AC, Musunuru K, Beers MF, Morrisey EE, Peranteau WH. In utero gene editing for monogenic lung disease. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaav8375. [PMID: 30996081 PMCID: PMC6822403 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav8375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monogenic lung diseases that are caused by mutations in surfactant genes of the pulmonary epithelium are marked by perinatal lethal respiratory failure or chronic diffuse parenchymal lung disease with few therapeutic options. Using a CRISPR fluorescent reporter system, we demonstrate that precisely timed in utero intra-amniotic delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing reagents during fetal development results in targeted and specific gene editing in fetal lungs. Pulmonary epithelial cells are predominantly targeted in this approach, with alveolar type 1, alveolar type 2, and airway secretory cells exhibiting high and persistent gene editing. We then used this in utero technique to evaluate a therapeutic approach to reduce the severity of the lethal interstitial lung disease observed in a mouse model of the human SFTPCI73T mutation. Embryonic expression of SftpcI73T alleles is characterized by severe diffuse parenchymal lung damage and rapid demise of mutant mice at birth. After in utero CRISPR-Cas9-mediated inactivation of the mutant SftpcI73T gene, fetuses and postnatal mice showed improved lung morphology and increased survival. These proof-of-concept studies demonstrate that in utero gene editing is a promising approach for treatment and rescue of monogenic lung diseases that are lethal at birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Alapati
- Department of Pediatrics Nemours, Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Department of Pediatrics Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William J Zacharias
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Biology Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45529, USA
| | - Heather A Hartman
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Avery C Rossidis
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John D Stratigis
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas J Ahn
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Barbara Coons
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Su Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hiaying Li
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kshitiz Singh
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeremy Katzen
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yaniv Tomer
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexandra C Chadwick
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael F Beers
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William H Peranteau
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Riemondy KA, Jansing NL, Jiang P, Redente EF, Gillen AE, Fu R, Miller AJ, Spence JR, Gerber AN, Hesselberth JR, Zemans RL. Single cell RNA sequencing identifies TGFβ as a key regenerative cue following LPS-induced lung injury. JCI Insight 2019; 5:123637. [PMID: 30913038 PMCID: PMC6538357 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many lung diseases result from a failure of efficient regeneration of damaged alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) after lung injury. During regeneration, AEC2s proliferate to replace lost cells, after which proliferation halts and some AEC2s transdifferentiate into AEC1s to restore normal alveolar structure and function. Although the mechanisms underlying AEC2 proliferation have been studied, the mechanisms responsible for halting proliferation and inducing transdifferentiation are poorly understood. To identify candidate signaling pathways responsible for halting proliferation and inducing transdifferentiation, we performed single cell RNA sequencing on AEC2s during regeneration in a murine model of lung injury induced by intratracheal LPS. Unsupervised clustering revealed distinct subpopulations of regenerating AEC2s: proliferating, cell cycle arrest, and transdifferentiating. Gene expression analysis of these transitional subpopulations revealed that TGFβ signaling was highly upregulated in the cell cycle arrest subpopulation and relatively downregulated in transdifferentiating cells. In cultured AEC2s, TGFβ was necessary for cell cycle arrest but impeded transdifferentiation. We conclude that during regeneration after LPS-induced lung injury, TGFβ is a critical signal halting AEC2 proliferation but must be inactivated to allow transdifferentiation. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating alveolar regeneration and the pathogenesis of diseases resulting from a failure of regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kent A. Riemondy
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicole L. Jansing
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Austin E. Gillen
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rui Fu
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alyssa J. Miller
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anthony N. Gerber
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jay R. Hesselberth
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel L. Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Loering S, Cameron GJM, Starkey MR, Hansbro PM. Lung development and emerging roles for type 2 immunity. J Pathol 2019; 247:686-696. [PMID: 30506724 DOI: 10.1002/path.5211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung development is a complex process mediated through the interaction of multiple cell types, factors and mediators. In mice, it starts as early as embryonic day 9 and continues into early adulthood. The process can be separated into five different developmental stages: embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular, and alveolar. Whilst lung bud formation and branching morphogenesis have been studied extensively, the mechanisms of alveolarisation are incompletely understood. Aberrant lung development can lead to deleterious consequences for respiratory health such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease primarily affecting preterm neonates, which is characterised by increased pulmonary inflammation and disturbed alveolarisation. While the deleterious effects of type 1-mediated inflammatory responses on lung development have been well established, the role of type 2 responses in postnatal lung development remains poorly understood. Recent studies indicate that type 2-associated immune cells, such as group 2 innate lymphoid cells and alveolar macrophages, are increased in number during postnatal alveolarisation. Here, we present the current state of understanding of the postnatal stages of lung development and the key cell types and mediators known to be involved. We also provide an overview of how stem cells are involved in lung development and regeneration, and the negative influences of respiratory infections. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Loering
- Priority Research Center's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guy J M Cameron
- Priority Research Center's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Center's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Center's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Center for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Developmental Decline in the MicroRNA 199a (miR-199a)/miR-214 Cluster in Human Fetal Lung Promotes Type II Cell Differentiation by Upregulating Key Transcription Factors. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00037-18. [PMID: 29507184 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00037-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major surfactant protein, SP-A (a product of the SFTPA gene), serves as a marker of type II pneumocyte differentiation and surfactant synthesis. SFTPA expression in cultured human fetal lung (HFL) epithelial cells is upregulated by hormones that increase cyclic AMP (cAMP) and activate TTF-1/NKX2.1 and NF-κB. To further define mechanisms for type II cell differentiation and induction of SP-A, we investigated roles of microRNAs (miRNAs). Using microarray to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in HFL epithelial cells during type II cell differentiation in culture, we observed that members of the miRNA 199a (miR-199a)/miR-214 cluster were significantly downregulated during differentiation. Validated and predicted targets of miR-199a-3p/miR-199a-5p and miR-214, which serve roles in type II cell differentiation (COX-2, NF-κB p50/p65, and CREB1), and the CREB1 target, C/EBPβ, were coordinately upregulated. Accordingly, overexpression of miR-199a-5p, miR-199a-3p, or miR-214 mimics in cultured HFL epithelial cells decreased COX-2, NF-κB p50/p65, CREB1, and C/EBPβ proteins, with an associated inhibition of SP-A expression. Interestingly, overexpression of the EMT factor, ZEB1, which declines during cAMP-induced type II cell differentiation, increased pri-miR-199a and reduced the expression of the targets NF-κB/p50 and COX-2. Collectively, these findings suggest that the developmental decline in miR-199a/miR-214 in HFL causes increased expression of critical targets that enhance type II cell differentiation and SP-A expression.
Collapse
|
63
|
Li J, Wang Z, Chu Q, Jiang K, Li J, Tang N. The Strength of Mechanical Forces Determines the Differentiation of Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Dev Cell 2018; 44:297-312.e5. [PMID: 29408236 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of alveolar epithelial type I (AT1) and type II (AT2) cells is essential for the lung gas exchange function. Disruption of this process results in neonatal death or in severe lung diseases that last into adulthood. We developed live imaging techniques to characterize the mechanisms that control alveolar epithelial cell differentiation. We discovered that mechanical forces generated from the inhalation of amniotic fluid by fetal breathing movements are essential for AT1 cell differentiation. We found that a large subset of alveolar progenitor cells is able to protrude from the airway epithelium toward the mesenchyme in an FGF10/FGFR2 signaling-dependent manner. The cell protrusion process results in enrichment of myosin in the apical region of protruded cells; this myosin prevents these cells from being flattened by mechanical forces, thereby ensuring their AT2 cell fate. Our study demonstrates that mechanical forces and local growth factors synergistically control alveolar epithelial cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qiqi Chu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 China
| | - Kewu Jiang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 China
| | - Juan Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Nan Tang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
The epigenetic basis of cellular plasticity. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 49:116-122. [PMID: 29413970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular plasticity is now recognized as a fundamental feature of tissue biology. The steady-state differentiation of stem and progenitor cells into mature cells is, in itself, the index form of cellular plasticity in adult organisms. Following injury, when it is critical to quickly regenerate and restore tissue integrity and function, other types of cellular plasticity may be crucial for organismal survival. In these contexts, alterations in the epigenetic landscape of tissues are likely to occur in order to allow normally restricted cell fate transitions. Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation and histone modifications, have been shown to play an important role in regulating such plasticity. Relevant mechanisms have been well studied in the context of the direct reprograming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. Indeed, epigenetic regulation of cell fate is part and parcel of normal embryonic development and is a central regulator of cellular diversity. This is normally thought to involve the establishment of divergent chromatin patterns that culminate in cells with distinct and what were previously thought to be irreversible fates. This brief review aims to put some of these new observations in the larger context of regeneration after injury.
Collapse
|
65
|
Developmental mechanisms and adult stem cells for therapeutic lung regeneration. Dev Biol 2018; 433:166-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
66
|
Xie T, Liang J, Geng Y, Liu N, Kurkciyan A, Kulur V, Leng D, Deng N, Liu Z, Song J, Chen P, Noble PW, Jiang D. MicroRNA-29c Prevents Pulmonary Fibrosis by Regulating Epithelial Cell Renewal and Apoptosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:721-732. [PMID: 28799781 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0133oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful repair and renewal of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) are critical in prohibiting the accumulation of myofibroblasts in pulmonary fibrogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are multifocal regulators involved in lung injury and repair. However, the contribution of miRNAs to AEC2 renewal and apoptosis is incompletely understood. We report that miRNA-29c (miR-29c) expression is lower in AEC2s of individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis than in healthy lungs. Epithelial cells overexpressing miR-29c show higher proliferative rates and viability. miR-29c protects epithelial cells from apoptosis by targeting forkhead box O3a (Foxo3a). Both overexpression of miR-29c conventionally and AEC2s specifically lead to less fibrosis and better recovery in vivo. Furthermore, deficiency of miR-29c in AEC2s results in higher apoptosis and reduced epithelial renewal. Interestingly, a gene network including a subset of apoptotic genes was coregulated by both Toll-like receptor 4 and miR-29c. Taken together, miR-29c maintains epithelial integrity and promotes recovery from lung injury, thereby attenuating lung fibrosis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jiurong Liang
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yan Geng
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ningshan Liu
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adrianne Kurkciyan
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vrishika Kulur
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dong Leng
- 2 Clinical Laboratory and Laboratory Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Deng
- 3 Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- 3 Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Jianbo Song
- 4 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peter Chen
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul W Noble
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Emergence of a Wave of Wnt Signaling that Regulates Lung Alveologenesis by Controlling Epithelial Self-Renewal and Differentiation. Cell Rep 2017; 17:2312-2325. [PMID: 27880906 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveologenesis is the culmination of lung development and involves the correct temporal and spatial signals to generate the delicate gas exchange interface required for respiration. Using a Wnt-signaling reporter system, we demonstrate the emergence of a Wnt-responsive alveolar epithelial cell sublineage, which arises during alveologenesis, called the axin2+ alveolar type 2 cell, or AT2Axin2. The number of AT2Axin2 cells increases substantially during late lung development, correlating with a wave of Wnt signaling during alveologenesis. Transcriptome analysis, in vivo clonal analysis, and ex vivo lung organoid assays reveal that AT2sAxin2 promote enhanced AT2 cell growth during generation of the alveolus. Activating Wnt signaling results in the expansion of AT2s, whereas inhibition of Wnt signaling inhibits AT2 cell development and shunts alveolar epithelial development toward the alveolar type 1 cell lineage. These findings reveal a wave of Wnt-dependent AT2 expansion required for lung alveologenesis and maturation.
Collapse
|
68
|
Beers MF, Moodley Y. When Is an Alveolar Type 2 Cell an Alveolar Type 2 Cell? A Conundrum for Lung Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:18-27. [PMID: 28326803 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0426ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating mature, differentiated, adult lung cells from pluripotent cells, such as induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells, offers the hope of both generating disease-specific in vitro models and creating definitive and personalized therapies for a host of debilitating lung parenchymal and airway diseases. With the goal of advancing lung-regenerative medicine, several groups have developed and reported on protocols using defined media, coculture with mesenchymal components, or sequential treatments mimicking lung development, to obtain distal lung epithelial cells from stem cell precursors. However, there remains significant controversy about the degree of differentiation of these cells compared with their primary counterparts, coupled with a lack of consistency or uniformity in assessing the resultant phenotypes. Given the inevitable, exponential expansion of these approaches and the probable, but yet-to-emerge second and higher generation techniques to create such assets, we were prompted to pose the question, what makes a lung epithelial cell a lung epithelial cell? More specifically for this Perspective, we also posed the question, what are the minimum features that constitute an alveolar type (AT) 2 epithelial cell? In addressing this, we summarize a body of work spanning nearly five decades, amassed by a series of "lung epithelial cell biology pioneers," which carefully describes well characterized molecular, functional, and morphological features critical for discriminately assessing an AT2 phenotype. Armed with this, we propose a series of core criteria to assist the field in confirming that cells obtained following a differentiation protocol are indeed mature and functional AT2 epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Beers
- 1 Lung Epithelial Biology Laboratories, Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Yuben Moodley
- 2 University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Research Institute, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Yao C, Carraro G, Konda B, Guan X, Mizuno T, Chiba N, Kostelny M, Kurkciyan A, David G, McQualter JL, Stripp BR. Sin3a regulates epithelial progenitor cell fate during lung development. Development 2017; 144:2618-2628. [PMID: 28619823 DOI: 10.1242/dev.149708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms that regulate tissue-specific progenitors for maintenance and differentiation during development are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the co-repressor protein Sin3a is crucial for lung endoderm development. Loss of Sin3a in mouse early foregut endoderm led to a specific and profound defect in lung development with lung buds failing to undergo branching morphogenesis and progressive atrophy of the proximal lung endoderm with complete epithelial loss at later stages of development. Consequently, neonatal pups died at birth due to respiratory insufficiency. Further analysis revealed that loss of Sin3a resulted in embryonic lung epithelial progenitor cells adopting a senescence-like state with permanent cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. This was mediated at least partially through upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitors Cdkn1a and Cdkn2c. At the same time, loss of endodermal Sin3a also disrupted cell differentiation of the mesoderm, suggesting aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal signaling. Together, these findings reveal that Sin3a is an essential regulator for early lung endoderm specification and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changfu Yao
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Bindu Konda
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xiangrong Guan
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Takako Mizuno
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Norika Chiba
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Matthew Kostelny
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Adrianne Kurkciyan
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gregory David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jonathan L McQualter
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Tong Y, Park SH, Wu D, Xu W, Guillot SJ, Jin L, Li X, Wang Y, Lin CS, Fu Z. An essential role of intestinal cell kinase in lung development is linked to the perinatal lethality of human ECO syndrome. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1247-1257. [PMID: 28380258 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human endocrine-cerebro-osteodysplasia (ECO) syndrome, caused by the loss-of-function mutation R272Q in the intestinal cell kinase (ICK) gene, is a neonatal-lethal developmental disorder. To elucidate the molecular basis of ECO syndrome, we constructed an Ick R272Q knock-in mouse model that recapitulates ECO pathological phenotypes. Newborns bearing Ick R272Q homozygous mutations die at birth due to respiratory distress. Ick mutant lungs exhibit not only impaired branching morphogenesis associated with reduced mesenchymal proliferation but also significant airspace deficiency in primitive alveoli concomitant with abnormal interstitial mesenchymal differentiation. ICK dysfunction induces elongated primary cilia and perturbs ciliary Hedgehog signaling and autophagy during lung sacculation. Our study identifies an essential role for ICK in lung development and advances the mechanistic understanding of ECO syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,The Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Hubei, China
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stacey J Guillot
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Xu L, Jia Y, Yang XH, Han F, Zheng Y, Ni Y, Chen X, Hong J, Liu JQ, Li Q, Sun RH, Mo SJ. MicroRNA-130b transcriptionally regulated by histone H3 deacetylation renders Akt ubiquitination and apoptosis resistance to 6-OHDA. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1678-1689. [PMID: 28412322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis of DA neurons is a contributing cause of disability and death for Parkinson's disease (PD). Akt may become a potential therapeutic target for PD since Akt has been deactivated during DA neuron apoptosis. We previously demonstrated that Akt confers apoptosis resistance against 6-OHDA in DA neuron-like PC12 cells, yet the underlying mechanisms accounted for this are not fully understood. Here we report that microRNA-130b (miR-130b)-dependent and cylindromatosis (CYLD) repression-mediated Akt ubiquitination renders apoptosis resistance of PC12 cells to 6-OHDA, which elicits histone H3 deacetylation-induced transcriptional downregulation of miR-130b vice versa. CYLD deficiency ubiquitinates Akt at Lys63, thereby phosphorylating Akt and antagonizing 6-OHDA-initiated apoptosis. MiR-130b targetedly represses CYLD and increases apoptosis resistance to 6-OHDA. CYLD repression by miR-130b restores Akt ubiquitination and activation, GSK3β and FoxO3a phosphorylation, FoxO3a removal from Bim promoter as well as Bim downregulation during 6-OHDA administration. CYLD deficiency-mediated Akt activation is instrumental for the apoptosis-resistant phenotypes of miR-130b. In addition, 6-OHDA transcriptionally downregulates miR-130b through recruitment of HDAC3 at the promoter. Furthermore, EPO potentiates the ability of miR-130b to activate Akt and augment apoptosis resistance. Our findings identify the apoptosis-resistant function of miR-130b and suggest that histone H3 deacetylation plays a pivotal role in regulating miR-130b transcription in response to 6-OHDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huanzhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Ni
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-Quan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Hua Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shi-Jing Mo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Ge L, Habiel DM, Hansbro PM, Kim RY, Gharib SA, Edelman JD, Königshoff M, Parimon T, Brauer R, Huang Y, Allen J, Jiang D, Kurkciyan AA, Mizuno T, Stripp BR, Noble PW, Hogaboam CM, Chen P. miR-323a-3p regulates lung fibrosis by targeting multiple profibrotic pathways. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e90301. [PMID: 27942594 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive epithelial repair from chronic injury is a common feature in fibrotic diseases, which in turn activates a pathogenic fibroblast response that produces excessive matrix deposition. Dysregulated microRNAs (miRs) can regulate expression of multiple genes and fundamentally alter cellular phenotypes during fibrosis. Although several miRs have been shown to be associated with lung fibrosis, the mechanisms by which miRs modulate epithelial behavior in lung fibrosis are lacking. Here, we identified miR-323a-3p to be downregulated in the epithelium of lungs with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after lung transplantation, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and murine bleomycin-induced fibrosis. Antagomirs for miR-323a-3p augment, and mimics suppress, murine lung fibrosis after bleomycin injury, indicating that this miR may govern profibrotic signals. We demonstrate that miR-323a-3p attenuates TGF-α and TGF-β signaling by directly targeting key adaptors in these important fibrogenic pathways. Moreover, miR-323a-3p lowers caspase-3 expression, thereby limiting programmed cell death from inducers of apoptosis and ER stress. Finally, we find that epithelial expression of miR-323a-3p modulates inhibitory crosstalk with fibroblasts. These studies demonstrate that miR-323a-3p has a central role in lung fibrosis that spans across murine and human disease, and downregulated expression by the lung epithelium releases inhibition of various profibrotic pathways to promote fibroproliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyin Ge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David M Habiel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Phil M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffery D Edelman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanyalak Parimon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rena Brauer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jenieke Allen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Adrianne A Kurkciyan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Takako Mizuno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul W Noble
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cory M Hogaboam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Gu LZ, Sun H, Chen JH. Histone deacetylases 3 deletion restrains PM2.5-induced mice lung injury by regulating NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 85:756-762. [PMID: 27919737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) as a serious disease with high mortality has been emphasized as a threat to human health and life. Accumulating studies demonstrated that PM2.5 plays a significant role in metabolic and lung diseases. Histone deacetylases 3 (HDAC3) is an important regulator in control of gene transcription, required in up-regulation of inflammation-related signaling, and has been known as a key hotpot in treating a lot of chronic inflammatory diseases. TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway has been proven to be of significance in fibrosis development. Our results found that PM2.5 induced lung function injury in WT mice with a inflammatory responses through the activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways, resulting in lung injury. Of note, HDAC3-deficient mice after PM2.5 administration further promoted TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways activation. In addition, TLR4, p-NF-κB and p-IκBα indicated that HDAC3 knockout mice have a higher inflammation-related signals expression in lung tissue than WT mice after PM2.5 administration, resulting in pro-inflammatory cytokines releasing. Moreover, in vitro experiment of lung epithelial cells challenged with PM2.5, further indicated that TGF-β/Smad2/3 was involved in fibrosis development, leading to inflammation response. Also, the activation of TLR4/NF-κB could be observed in PM2.5-induced lung epithelial cells, leading to inflammation infiltration. These results indicate a new therapeutic target to protect against lung injury caused by PM2.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhi Gu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 223002, China.
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 223002, China
| | - Jian-Hui Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 223002, China
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Robbins ME, Dakhlallah D, Marsh CB, Rogers LK, Tipple TE. Of mice and men: correlations between microRNA-17∼92 cluster expression and promoter methylation in severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L981-L984. [PMID: 27694474 PMCID: PMC5130535 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00390.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that decreased miR-17∼92 cluster expression was 1) present in lungs from human infants who died with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); 2) inversely correlated with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) expression and promoter methylation; and 3) correlated with a subsequent diagnosis of BPD at 36 wk gestational age. We tested the hypothesis that plasma miR-17 levels would be lowest in infants who ultimately develop severe BPD. Secondly, we utilized our well-characterized murine model of severe BPD that combines perinatal inflammation with postnatal hyperoxia to test the hypothesis that alterations in lung miR-17∼92, DNMT, and promoter methylation in our model would mirror our findings in tissues from premature human infants. Plasma was obtained during the first 5 days of life from premature infants born ≤32 wk gestation. Lung tissues were harvested from mice exposed to maternal inflammation and neonatal hyperoxia for 14 days after birth. miR-17∼92 cluster expression and DNA methyltransferase expression were measured by qRT-PCR, and promoter methylation was assessed by Methyl-Profiler assay. Plasma miR-17 levels are significantly lower in the first week of life in human infants who develop severe BPD compared with mild or moderate BPD. Data from our severe BPD murine model reveal that lung miR-17∼92 cluster expression is significantly attenuated, and levels inversely correlated with DNMT expression and miR-17∼92 cluster promoter methylation. Collectively, our data support a plausible role for epigenetically altered miR-17∼92 cluster in the pathogenesis of severe BPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Robbins
- Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Duaa Dakhlallah
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Clay B Marsh
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Lynette K Rogers
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Trent E Tipple
- Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Snitow M, Lu M, Cheng L, Zhou S, Morrisey EE. Ezh2 restricts the smooth muscle lineage during mouse lung mesothelial development. Development 2016; 143:3733-3741. [PMID: 27578795 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
During development, the lung mesoderm generates a variety of cell lineages, including airway and vascular smooth muscle. Epigenetic changes in adult lung mesodermal lineages are thought to contribute towards diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, although the factors that regulate early lung mesoderm development are unknown. We show in mouse that the PRC2 component Ezh2 is required to restrict smooth muscle differentiation in the developing lung mesothelium. Mesodermal loss of Ezh2 leads to the formation of ectopic smooth muscle in the submesothelial region of the developing lung mesoderm. Loss of Ezh2 specifically in the developing mesothelium reveals a mesothelial cell-autonomous role for Ezh2 in repression of the smooth muscle differentiation program. Loss of Ezh2 derepresses expression of myocardin and Tbx18, which are important regulators of smooth muscle differentiation from the mesothelium and related cell lineages. Together, these findings uncover an Ezh2-dependent mechanism to restrict the smooth muscle gene expression program in the developing mesothelium and allow appropriate cell fate decisions to occur in this multipotent mesoderm lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Snitow
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - MinMin Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Su Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Selman M, López-Otín C, Pardo A. Age-driven developmental drift in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:538-52. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00398-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and usually lethal disease of unknown aetiology. A growing body of evidence supports that IPF represents an epithelial-driven process characterised by aberrant epithelial cell behaviour, fibroblast/myofibroblast activation and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix with the subsequent destruction of the lung architecture. The mechanisms involved in the abnormal hyper-activation of the epithelium are unclear, but we propose that recapitulation of pathways and processes critical to embryological development associated with a tissue specific age-related stochastic epigenetic drift may be implicated. These pathways may also contribute to the distinctive behaviour of IPF fibroblasts. Genomic and epigenomic studies have revealed that wingless/Int, sonic hedgehog and other developmental signalling pathways are reactivated and deregulated in IPF. Moreover, some of these pathways cross-talk with transforming growth factor-β activating a profibrotic feedback loop. The expression pattern of microRNAs is also dysregulated in IPF and exhibits a similar expression profile to embryonic lungs. In addition, senescence, a process usually associated with ageing, which occurs early in alveolar epithelial cells of IPF lungs, likely represents a conserved programmed developmental mechanism. Here, we review the major developmental pathways that get twisted in IPF, and discuss the connection with ageing and potential therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|