51
|
Kiefer RM, Hunt SJ, Pulido S, Pickup S, Furth EE, Soulen MC, Nadolski GJ, Gade TP. Relative Initial Weight Is Associated with Improved Survival without Altering Tumor Latency in a Translational Rat Model of Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Transarterial Embolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017; 28:1043-1050.e2. [PMID: 28495453 PMCID: PMC5593422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypotheses that (i) heavier rats demonstrate improved survival with diminished fibrosis in a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and (ii) transarterial embolization via femoral artery access decreases procedure times versus carotid access. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred thirty-eight male Wistar rats ingested 0.01% DEN in water ad libitum for 12 weeks. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used for tumor surveillance. Rats underwent selective embolization of ≥ 5 mm tumors via carotid or femoral artery catheterization under fluoroscopic guidance. Rats were retrospectively categorized into 3 groups by initial weight (< 300, 300-400, > 400 g) for analyses of survival, tumor latency, and fibrosis. Access site was compared relative to procedural success, mortality, and time. RESULTS No significant differences in tumor latency were related to weight group (P = .310). Rats weighing < 300 g had shorter survival than both heavier groups (mean, 88 vs 108 d; P < .0001), and more severe fibrosis (< 300 g median, 4.0; 300-400 g median, 1.5; > 400 g median, 1.0; P = .015). No significant difference was found in periprocedural mortality based on access site; however, procedure times were shorter via femoral approach (mean, 71 ± 23 vs 127 ± 24 min; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Greater initial body weight resulted in improved survival without prolonged tumor latency for rats with DEN-induced HCCs and was associated with less severe fibrosis. A femoral approach for embolization resulted in decreased procedure time. These modifications provide a translational animal model of HCC and transarterial embolization that may be suited for short-term survival studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Kiefer
- Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Stephen J Hunt
- Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Santiago Pulido
- Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Stephen Pickup
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Emma E Furth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michael C Soulen
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Gregory J Nadolski
- Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Terence P Gade
- Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Garcia K, Regan D. Bigger Is Better: Refinement of an Animal Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Transfemoral Arterial Embolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [PMID: 28645501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Garcia
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, (MC533) 1840 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612.
| | - Dan Regan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant neoplasm originating from biliary epithelial cells. The incidence and mortality of this cancer are rising in the world. Currently, cholangiocarcinoma is accepted as a stem cell disease with many risk factors. Diagnosis is relatively simple but therapy is extremely difficult. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for early stage patients. Endobiliary approaches, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are other therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vedat Goral
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Zargar S, Wani TA, Alamro AA, Ganaie MA. Amelioration of thioacetamide-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats by rutin. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:207-214. [PMID: 28590141 PMCID: PMC5815265 DOI: 10.1177/0394632017714175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of rutin on hepatotoxicity induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in rats. Four groups of male Wistar rats consisting of six rats each were used: Group I: control group; Group II: rats receiving single injection of 300 mg kg−1 body weight of TAA intraperitoneally; Group III: rats administered rutin (10 mg kg−1 body weight) dissolved in saline orally for 2 weeks; and Group IV: rats administered rutin (10 mg kg−1 body weight) dissolved in saline orally for 2 weeks followed by TAA injection last day of second week. All groups were sacrificed after 24 h of treatment and hepatic toxicity was analyzed with respect to liver toxicity markers, liver DNA fragmentation, and histology of liver tissue. Administration of TAA in Wistar rats resulted in significant increase of hepatic markers, DNA fragmentation in the hepatocytes, and changes in histology. Pretreatment of rats with rutin before 2 weeks of TAA assault resulted in the complete reversal of TAA-mediated hepatic toxicity (P < 0.0001 to P < 0.01) with concomitant restoration of DNA fragmentation. This study suggests rutin as a protective agent for restoration of toxicity caused by TAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Zargar
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Seema Zargar, Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abir Abdullah Alamro
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Ahmad Ganaie
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Graham RP, Craig JR, Jin L, Oliveira AM, Bergquist JR, Truty MJ, Mounajjed T, Greipp PT, Torbenson MS. Environmental exposures as a risk factor for fibrolamellar carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:892-896. [PMID: 28256571 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrolamellar carcinoma was first described in 1956. Subsequent large studies failed to identify cases before 1939 (the start of the World War II). This finding, combined with the presence of aryl hydrocarbon receptors on the tumor cells, have suggested that fibrolamellar carcinomas may be caused by environmental exposures that are new since World War II. To investigate this possibility, the surgical pathology files before 1939 were reviewed for hepatocellular carcinomas resected in young individuals. Two cases of fibrolamellar carcinoma were identified, from 1915 to 1924. The diagnosis of fibrolamellar carcinoma was confirmed at the histologic, ultrastructural and proteomic levels. These two fibrolamellar carcinoma cases clarify a key aspect of fibrolamellar carcinoma biology, reducing the likelihood that these tumors result exclusively from post World War II environmental exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rondell P Graham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Long Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre M Oliveira
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Mark J Truty
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Taofic Mounajjed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Patricia T Greipp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael S Torbenson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Santos NP, Colaço AA, Oliveira PA. Animal models as a tool in hepatocellular carcinoma research: A Review. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695923. [PMID: 28347231 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the first cause of death in developed countries and the second in developing countries. Concerning the most frequent worldwide-diagnosed cancer, primary liver cancer represents approximately 4% of all new cancer cases diagnosed globally. However, among primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma is by far the most common histological subtype. Notwithstanding the health promotion and disease prevention campaigns, more than half a million new hepatocellular carcinoma cases are reported yearly, being estimated to growth continuously until 2020. Taking this scenario under consideration and the fact that some aspects concerning hepatocellular carcinoma evolution and metastasize process are still unknown, animal models assume a crucial role to understand this disease. The animal models have also provided the opportunity to screen new therapeutic strategies. The present review was supported on research and review papers aiming the complexity and often neglected chemically induced animal models in hepatocarcinogenesis research. Despite the ongoing debate, chemically induced animal models, namely, mice and rat, can provide unique valuable information on the biotransformation mechanisms against xenobiotics and apprehend the deleterious effects on DNA and cell proteins leading to carcinogenic development. In addition, taking under consideration that no model achieves all hepatocellular carcinoma research purposes, criteria to define the " ideal" animal model, depending on the researchers' approach, are also discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Paula Santos
- 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,2 Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Aura Antunes Colaço
- 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula Alexandra Oliveira
- 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,2 Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Mteyrek A, Filipski E, Guettier C, Oklejewicz M, van der Horst GTJ, Okyar A, Lévi F. Critical cholangiocarcinogenesis control by cryptochrome clock genes. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2473-2483. [PMID: 28224616 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A coordinated network of molecular circadian clocks in individual cells generates 24-hr rhythms in liver metabolism and proliferation. Circadian disruption through chronic jet lag or Per2 clock gene mutation was shown to accelerate hepatocarcinoma development in mice. As divergent effects were reported for clock genes Per and Cry regarding xenobiotic toxicity, we questioned the role of Cry1 and Cry2 in liver carcinogenesis. Male WT and Cry1-/- Cry2-/- mice (C57Bl/6 background) were chronically exposed to diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at ZT11. Rest-activity and body temperature rhythms were monitored using an implanted radiotransmitter. Serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT) were determined on four occasions during the progression stage. After 7 months, serum alkaline phosphatases (ALP) were determined, and livers were sampled for microscopic tumor nodule counting and histopathology. Five months after initiation of DEN treatment, we found that Cry1-/- Cry2-/- mice developed severe liver dysplasia, as evident from the increased AST, ALT and ALP levels, as compared to WT mice. DEN exposure induced primary liver cancers in nearly fivefold as many Cry1-/- Cry2-/- mice as compared to WT mice (p = 0.01). Microscopic study revealed no difference in the average number of hepatocarcinomas and a nearly eightfold increase in the average number of cholangiocarcinomas in Cry1-/- Cry2-/- mice, as compared to WT mice. This study validated the hypothesis that molecular circadian clock disruption dramatically increased chemically induced liver carcinogenesis. In addition, the pronounced shift toward cholangiocarcinoma in DEN exposed Cry1-/- Cry2-/- mice revealed a critical role of the Cry clock genes in bile duct carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mteyrek
- INSERM and Paris Sud university, UMRS 935, Team "Cancer Chronotherapy and Postoperative Liver", Campus CNRS, Villejuif, F-94807, France
| | - Elisabeth Filipski
- INSERM and Paris Sud university, UMRS 935, Team "Cancer Chronotherapy and Postoperative Liver", Campus CNRS, Villejuif, F-94807, France
| | - Catherine Guettier
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Malgorzata Oklejewicz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Beyazit, Istanbul, TR-34116, Turkey
| | - Francis Lévi
- INSERM and Paris Sud university, UMRS 935, Team "Cancer Chronotherapy and Postoperative Liver", Campus CNRS, Villejuif, F-94807, France.,Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Warwick Medical School, Cancer Chronotherapy Unit, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Ghobadi Pour M, Mirazi N, Alaei H, Moradkhani S, Rajaei Z, Monsef Esfahani A. Effects of lactulose and silymarin on liver enzymes in cirrhotic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:522-529. [PMID: 28281782 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Silymarin, a mixture of antihepatotoxic flavonolignans used in the treatment of liver diseases, and lactulose, a nonabsorbable synthetic disaccharide, were investigated to analyze their probable synergic and healing effects in a hepatic cirrhotic rat model. Liver damage was induced by the administration and subsequent withdrawal of thioacetamide. The significant decrease in liver enzymes and malondialdehyde levels confirmed the curative effects of silymarin and lactulose. In the silymarin + lactulose group, liver enzyme and malondialdehyde levels were significantly reduced compared with those in the thioacetamide group. All treatments led to liver regeneration and triggered enhanced regeneration. Silymarin and lactulose alone or in combination have potent curative effects and reduce thioacetamide-induced liver damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Ghobadi Pour
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Shahid Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan Boulevard, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Shahid Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan Boulevard, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Alaei
- b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar-Jerib Avenue, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Moradkhani
- c Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Boulevard, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ziba Rajaei
- b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar-Jerib Avenue, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Monsef Esfahani
- d Department of Pathology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Boulevard, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Raggi C, Correnti M, Sica A, Andersen JB, Cardinale V, Alvaro D, Chiorino G, Forti E, Glaser S, Alpini G, Destro A, Sozio F, Di Tommaso L, Roncalli M, Banales JM, Coulouarn C, Bujanda L, Torzilli G, Invernizzi P. Cholangiocarcinoma stem-like subset shapes tumor-initiating niche by educating associated macrophages. J Hepatol 2017; 66:102-115. [PMID: 27593106 PMCID: PMC5522599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A therapeutically challenging subset of cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) clinical severity. Presence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has prognostic significance in CCA and other malignancies. Thus, we hypothesized that CSCs may actively shape their tumor-supportive immune niche. METHODS CCA cells were cultured in 3D conditions to generate spheres. CCA sphere analysis of in vivo tumorigenic-engraftment in immune-deficient mice and molecular characterization was performed. The in vitro and in vivo effect of CCA spheres on macrophage precursors was tested after culturing healthy donor cluster of differentiation (CD)14+ with CCA-sphere conditioned medium. RESULTS CCA spheres engrafted in 100% of transplanted mice and revealed a significant 20.3-fold increase in tumor-initiating fraction (p=0.0011) and a sustained tumorigenic potential through diverse xenograft-generations. Moreover, CCA spheres were highly enriched for CSC, liver cancer and embryonic stem cell markers both at gene and protein levels. Next, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed that in the presence of CCA sphere conditioned medium, CD14+ macrophages expressed key markers (CD68, CD115, human leukocyte antigen-D related, CD206) indicating that CCA sphere conditioned medium was a strong macrophage-activator. Gene expression profile of CCA sphere activated macrophages revealed unique molecular TAM-like features confirmed by high invasion capacity. Also, freshly isolated macrophages from CCA resections recapitulated a similar molecular phenotype of in vitro-educated macrophages. Consistent with invasive features, the largest CD163+ set was found in the tumor front of human CCA specimens (n=23) and correlated with a high level of serum cancer antigen 19.9 (n=17). Among mediators released by CCA spheres, only interleukin (IL)13, IL34 and osteoactivin were detected and further confirmed in CCA patient sera (n=12). Surprisingly, a significant association of IL13, IL34 and osteoactivin with sphere stem-like genes was provided by a CCA database (n=104). In vitro combination of IL13, IL34, osteoactivin was responsible for macrophage-differentiation and invasion, as well as for in vivo tumor-promoting effect. CONCLUSION CCA-CSCs molded a specific subset of stem-like associated macrophages thus providing a rationale for a synergistic therapeutic strategy for CCA-disease. LAY SUMMARY Immune plasticity represents an important hallmark of tumor outcome. Since cancer stem cells are able to manipulate stromal cells to their needs, a better definition of the key dysregulated immune subtypes responsible for cooperating in supporting tumor initiation may facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches. Considering that human cholangiocarcinoma represents a clinical emergency, it is essential to move to predictive models in order to understand the adaptive process of macrophage component (imprinting, polarization and maintenance) engaged by tumor stem-like compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Raggi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Margherita Correnti
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Sica
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” Novara, Italy
| | - Jesper B. Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Elisa Forti
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
| | | | - Francesca Sozio
- Leukocyte Migration Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Di Tommaso
- Pathology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy,University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Roncalli
- Pathology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy,University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy
| | - Jesus M. Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Guido Torzilli
- Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Kamimoto K, Kaneko K, Kok CYY, Okada H, Miyajima A, Itoh T. Heterogeneity and stochastic growth regulation of biliary epithelial cells dictate dynamic epithelial tissue remodeling. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27431614 PMCID: PMC4951195 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic remodeling of the intrahepatic biliary epithelial tissue plays key roles in liver regeneration, yet the cellular basis for this process remains unclear. We took an unbiased approach based on in vivo clonal labeling and tracking of biliary epithelial cells in the three-dimensional landscape, in combination with mathematical simulation, to understand their mode of proliferation in a mouse liver injury model where the nascent biliary structure formed in a tissue-intrinsic manner. An apparent heterogeneity among biliary epithelial cells was observed: whereas most of the responders that entered the cell cycle upon injury exhibited a limited and tapering growth potential, a select population continued to proliferate, making a major contribution in sustaining the biliary expansion. Our study has highlighted a unique mode of epithelial tissue dynamics, which depends not on a hierarchical system driven by fixated stem cells, but rather, on a stochastically maintained progenitor population with persistent proliferative activity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15034.001 Cell proliferation – the process by which cells multiply – plays an important role in many biological processes, including tissue growth, maintenance and remodeling. In these processes, the way cells proliferate is reportedly related to their roles in the tissue and the structures that they form. The biliary tree, a piping system that exists to drain the bile produced in the liver, forms a complex, tree-like, tubular structure. The biliary tree is essential for healthy livers to work well, and has been known to grow and change its structure quite dynamically during an injury or while the liver regenerates. However, it was not clear how biliary tree cells behave as the biliary tree grows and remodels itself. Does each cell behave in the same way? And how does cell growth relate to changes in the structure of the biliary tree? Kamimoto et al. have now developed new methods to observe detailed three-dimensional tissue structures and to trace the behavior of single cells. Using these techniques to study a mouse model whose liver was injured by toxic chemicals revealed the behavior of biliary cells as they responded to the injury. None of the biliary cells proliferated uniformly, and there were some peculiar cells that proliferated quite vigorously compared to the others. Kamimoto et al. then made a mathematical model that could explain cell behavior and tissue remodeling at different scales. This showed that the activity of those peculiar, rapidly proliferating cells was maintained by chance as the biliary tree expanded. These findings help us understand how the biliary tissue grows and the liver regenerates. They may also provide us with a clue to understanding the nature of the behavior of living things, which is sometimes seemingly ordered and robust, and sometimes unpredictable and mysterious. It remains to be seen whether the new model can be applied to other types of tissues or in other species. Further work is also needed to investigate which genes and proteins are involved in controlling the behavior of cells in the growing biliary tissue. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15034.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kamimoto
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Kaneko
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cindy Yuet-Yin Kok
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Okada
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Itoh
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Barral M, Raballand A, Dohan A, Soyer P, Pocard M, Bonnin P. Preclinical Assessment of the Efficacy of Anti-Angiogenic Therapies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:438-446. [PMID: 26626491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex affliction in which comorbidities can bias global outcome of cancer therapy. Better methods are thus warranted to directly assess effects of therapy on tumor angiogenesis and growth. As tumor angiogenesis is invariably associated with changes in local blood flow, we assessed the utility of ultrasound imaging in evaluation of the efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy in a spontaneous transgenic mouse model of HCC. Blood flow velocities were measured monthly in the celiac trunk before and after administration of sorafenib or bevacizumab at doses corresponding to those currently used in clinical practice. Concordant with clinical experience, sorafenib, but not bevacizumab, reduced microvascular density and suppressed tumor growth relative to controls. Evolution of blood flow velocities correlated with microvascular density and with the evolution of tumor size. Ultrasound imaging thus provides a useful non-invasive tool for preclinical evaluation of new anti-angiogenic therapies for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barral
- Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Lariboisiere Hospital, INSERM U965, Paris, France; Service of Visceral and Vascular Radiology, APHP, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Annemilaï Raballand
- Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, AP-HP, Beaujon Hospital, INSERM U728, Clichy, France
| | - Anthony Dohan
- Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Lariboisiere Hospital, INSERM U965, Paris, France; Service of Visceral and Vascular Radiology, APHP, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Soyer
- Service of Visceral and Vascular Radiology, APHP, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marc Pocard
- Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Lariboisiere Hospital, INSERM U965, Paris, France; Service of Digestive and Cancer Surgery, APHP, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bonnin
- Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Lariboisiere Hospital, INSERM U965, Paris, France; Service of Clinical Physiology- Functional Investigations, APHP, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Thomas NS, George K, Namasivayam N. Molecular aspects and chemoprevention of dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced hepatocarcinogenesis: A review. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:72-88. [PMID: 26272071 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The lipophilic azo dye dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) is a potent hepatocarcinogen accounted as a group-2B carcinogen causing risk to humans. DAB is commonly used as a coloring agent in food, pharmaceuticals, beverages, soap and polishes. The exploration of DAB-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in animal models helped to an extent to perceive the histological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of DAB carcinogenesis and also the severity of DAB exposure to humans. In experimental animal models, it is well-proved that the procarcinogen DAB is predominantly metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes giving rise to the formation of toxic electrophiles and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further forms DNA adducts leading to the development of hepatic tumors. Recently, research evidence suggests that dietary phytochemicals and plant polyphenols are promising agents to control the incidence of DAB-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by preventing the generation of toxic electrophiles and ROS thereby inhibiting the formation of DNA adducts. This review highlights the role of specific dietary factors, biotransformation of DAB, phenotypic and genotypic alterations, and significance of certain chemopreventive agents against DAB-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Susan Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - Kiran George
- Department of Instrumentation Engineering, Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - Nalini Namasivayam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Bingül İ, Başaran-Küçükgergin C, Aydın AF, Soluk-Tekkeşin M, Olgaç V, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M. Blueberry treatment attenuated cirrhotic and preneoplastic lesions and oxidative stress in the liver of diethylnitrosamine-treated rats. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 29:426-37. [PMID: 26684621 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015621319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver cancer normally develops in stages that progress from cirrhosis and carcinoma. Increased oxidative stress is suggested to play a role in DEN-induced carcinogenicity. Blueberries (BB) contain high antioxidant capacity. We investigated the effect of BB supplementation on development of DEN-induced cirrhosis and neoplastic lesions in the liver. Rats were injected with DEN (200 mg/kg; i.p.) three times with an interval of 15 days at 4, 6, and 8 weeks and sacrificed 8 weeks after the last DEN injection. They were also fed on 8% BB (w/w) containing chow for 16 weeks. Hepatic damage markers in serum were determined together with hepatic histopathological examinations. Hydroxyproline (HYP), malondialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugate (DC), protein carbonyl (PC), and glutathione (GSH) levels, and CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and their mRNA expressions were measured. Protein and mRNA expressions of glutathione transferase-pi (GST-pi) were evaluated as a marker of preneoplastic lesions. BB supplementation decreased hepatic damage markers in serum and hepatic MDA, DC, and PC levels, but SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities and their mRNA expressions remained unchanged in DEN-treated rats. BB attenuated cirrhotic changes and decreased hepatic HYP levels and GST-pi expressions. Our results indicate that BB is effective in decreasing development of DEN-induced hepatic cirrhosis and preneoplastic lesions by acting as an antioxidant (radical scavenger) itself without affecting activities and mRNA expressions of antioxidant enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Bingül
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - A Fatih Aydın
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merva Soluk-Tekkeşin
- Department of Pathology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vakur Olgaç
- Department of Pathology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Müjdat Uysal
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Murugan S, Boyadjieva N, Sarkar DK. Protective effects of hypothalamic beta-endorphin neurons against alcohol-induced liver injuries and liver cancers in rat animal models. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 38:2988-97. [PMID: 25581653 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, retrograde tracing has provided evidence for an influence of hypothalamic β-endorphin (BEP) neurons on the liver, but functions of these neurons are not known. We evaluated the effect of BEP neuronal activation on alcohol-induced liver injury and hepatocellular cancer. METHODS Male rats received either BEP neuron transplants or control transplants in the hypothalamus and were randomly assigned to feeding alcohol-containing liquid diet or control liquid diet for 8 weeks or to treatment of a carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Liver tissues of these animals were analyzed histochemically and biochemically for tissue injuries or cancer. RESULTS Alcohol feeding increased liver weight and induced several histopathological changes such as prominent microvesicular steatosis and hepatic fibrosis. Alcohol feeding also increased the levels of triglyceride, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation factors, and catecholamines in the liver and endotoxin levels in the plasma. However, these effects of alcohol on the liver were reduced in animals with BEP neuron transplants. BEP neuron transplants also suppressed carcinogen-induced liver histopathologies such as extensive fibrosis, large focus of inflammatory infiltration, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), collagen deposition, numbers of preneoplastic foci, levels of HSC activation factors and catecholamines, as well as inflammatory milieu and increased the levels of natural killer cell cytotoxic factors in the liver. CONCLUSIONS These findings are the first evidence for a role of hypothalamic BEP neurons in influencing liver functions. Additionally, the data identify that BEP neuron transplantation prevents hepatocellular injury and HCC formation possibly via influencing the immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sengottuvelan Murugan
- Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Wang J, Shao M, Liu M, Peng P, Li L, Wu W, Wang L, Duan F, Zhang M, Song S, Jia D, Ruan Y, Gu J. PKCα promotes generation of reactive oxygen species via DUOX2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:839-45. [PMID: 26056003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and elevated rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been considered as a hallmark of almost all types of cancer including HCC. Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα), a serine/threonine kinase among conventional PKC family, is recognized as a major player in signal transduction and tumor progression. Overexpression of PKCα is commonly observed in human HCC and associated with its poor prognosis. However, how PKCα is involved in hepatocellular carcinogenesis remains not fully understood. In this study, we found that among the members of conventional PKC family, PKCα, but not PKCβI or βII, promoted ROS production in HCC cells. PKCα stimulated generation of ROS by up-regulating DUOX2 at post-transcriptional level. Depletion of DUOX2 abrogated PKCα-induced activation of AKT/MAPK pathways as well as cell proliferation, migration and invasion in HCC cells. Moreover, the expression of DUOX2 and PKCα was well positively correlated in both HCC cell lines and patient samples. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that PKCα plays a critical role in HCC development by inducing DUOX2 expression and ROS generation, and propose a strategy to target PKCα/DUOX2 as a potential adjuvant therapy for HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Shao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Peike Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weicheng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fangfang Duan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shushu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dongwei Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Gade TPF, Hunt SJ, Harrison N, Nadolski GJ, Weber C, Pickup S, Furth EE, Schnall MD, Soulen MC, Celeste Simon M. Segmental Transarterial Embolization in a Translational Rat Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015; 26:1229-37. [PMID: 25863596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a clinically relevant, minimally invasive technique for transarterial embolization in a translational rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral diethylnitrosamine was administered to 53 male Wistar rats ad libitum for 12 weeks. Tumor induction was monitored using magnetic resonance imaging. Minimally invasive lobar or segmental transarterial embolization was performed through a left common carotid artery approach. Necropsy was performed to evaluate periprocedural mortality. Histologic analysis of tumors that received embolization was performed to assess percent tumor necrosis. RESULTS Severe cirrhosis and autochthonous HCCs were characterized in a cohort of rats composed of two groups of rats identically treated with diethylnitrosamine with median survival times of 101 days and 105 days (n = 10/group). A second cohort was used to develop minimally invasive transarterial embolization of HCCs (n = 10). In a third cohort, lobar embolization was successfully performed in 9 of 10 rats and demonstrated a high rate of periprocedural mortality (n = 5). Necropsy performed for periprocedural mortality after lobar embolization demonstrated extensive tissue necrosis within the liver (n = 3) and lungs (n = 2), indicating nontarget embolization as the likely cause of mortality. In a fourth cohort of rats, a segmental embolization technique was successfully applied in 10 of 13 rats. Segmental embolization resulted in a reduction in periprocedural mortality (P = .06) relative to selective embolization and a 19% increase in average tumor necrosis (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Minimally invasive, segmental embolization mimicking the currently applied clinical approach is feasible in a translational rat model of HCC and offers the critical advantage of reduced nontarget embolization relative to lobar embolization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terence P F Gade
- Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 438 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 438 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Stephen J Hunt
- Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 438 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 438 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Neil Harrison
- Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 438 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 438 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Gregory J Nadolski
- Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 438 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 438 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Charles Weber
- Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 438 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 438 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Stephen Pickup
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 438 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Emma E Furth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 438 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Mitchell D Schnall
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 438 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - Michael C Soulen
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 438 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 438 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 438 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
De Minicis S, Marzioni M, Benedetti A, Svegliati-Baroni G. New insights in hepatocellular carcinoma: from bench to bedside. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2014; 1:15. [PMID: 25332959 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2013.01.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocarcinogenesis is a multistep process involving different genetic alterations that ultimately lead to malignant transformation of the hepatocyte. The liver is one of the main targets for different metastatic foci, but it represents an important and frequent locus of degeneration in the course of chronic disease. In fact, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the outcome of the natural history of chronic liver diseases, from the condition of fibrosis, to cirrhosis and finally to cancer. HCC is the sixth most common cancer in the world, some 630,000 new cases being diagnosed each year. Furthermore, about the 80% of people with HCC, have seen their clinical history developing from fibrosis, to cirrhosis and finally to cancer. The three main causes of HCC development are represented by HBV, HCV infection and alcoholism. Moreover, metabolic disease [starting from Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), Non Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)] and, with reduced frequency, some autoimmune disease may lead to HCC development. An additional rare cause of carcinogenetic degeneration of the liver, especially developed in African and Asian Countries, is represented by aflatoxin B1. The mechanisms by which these etiologic factors may induce HCC development involve a wide range of pathway and molecules, currently under investigation. In summary, the hepatocarcionogenesis results from a multifactorial process leading to the common condition of genetic changes in mature hepatocytes mainly characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and cell death. Advances in understanding the mechanism of action are fundamental for the development of new potential therapies and results primarily from the association of the research activities coming from basic and clinical science. This review article analyzes the current models used in basic research to investigate HCC activity, and the advances obtained from a basic and clinical point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuele De Minicis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Marzioni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Benedetti
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Paula Santos N, Colaço A, Gil da Costa RM, Manuel Oliveira M, Peixoto F, Alexandra Oliveira P. N-diethylnitrosamine mouse hepatotoxicity: time-related effects on histology and oxidative stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:429-36. [PMID: 25097018 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Animal models, namely mice, have been used to study chemically induced carcinogenesis due to their similarity to the histological and genetic features of human patients. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy with poor clinical outcome. The high incidence of HCC might be related to exposure to known risk factors, including carcinogenic compounds, such as N-nitrosamines, which cause DNA damage. N-nitrosamines affect cell mitochondrial metabolism, disturbing the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, causing oxidative stress and DNA damage, potentially leading to carcinogenesis. This work addresses the progressive histological changes in the liver of N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-exposed mice and its correlation with oxidative stress. Male ICR mice were randomly divided into five DEN-exposed and five matched control groups. DEN was IP administered, once a week, for eight consecutive weeks. Samples were taken 18 h after the last DEN injection (8 weeks post-exposure). The following sampling occurred at weeks 15th, 22nd, 29th and 36th after the first DEN injection. DEN resulted in early toxic lesions and, from week 29 onwards, in progressive proliferative lesions. Between 15 and 29 weeks, DEN-exposed animals showed significant changes in hepatic antioxidant (glutathione, glutathione reductase, and catalase) status (p<0.05) compared with controls. These results point to an association between increased DEN-induced oxidative stress and the early histopathological alterations, suggesting that DEN disrupted the antioxidant defense mechanism, thereby triggering liver carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Paula Santos
- Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal; Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Aura Colaço
- Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal; Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre (CECAV), Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, CI-IPOP, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuel Oliveira
- CQVR, Chemistry Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Francisco Peixoto
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Paula Alexandra Oliveira
- Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal; Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Center for the Study of Animal Sciences (CECA), Food and Agrarian Sciences and Technologies Institute (ICETA), University of Porto, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Neonatal streptozotocin treatment causes type 1 diabetes and subsequent hepatocellular carcinoma in DIAR mice fed a normal diet. Hepatol Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12072-014-9541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|