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Wang T, Peng T, Wen X, Wang G, Liu S, Sun Y, Zhang S, Wang L. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of 3-Substituted Coumarin Derivatives as Anti-inflammatory Agents. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:443-446. [PMID: 32173668 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coumarin moiety has garnered momentous attention especially in the design of compounds with significant biological activities. In this work, a series of 3-substituted coumarin derivatives 6a-6l were synthesized and fully characterized. Most of the compounds could obviously inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) at the concentration of 10 µM. Besides, 6h and 6l exhibited highest inhibitory effects against COX-2 with inhibition rates of 33.48 and 35.71%, respectively. Detailed structure-activity relationships (SARs) were also discussed. In vivo studies, 6b, 6i and 6l could remarkably repress the xylene-induced ear swelling in mice at the dose of 20 mg/kg. Especially, 6l seemed to be the most effective compound at the dose of 10 mg/kg, displaying favorable anti-inflammatory activity comparable to indomethacin. All of these findings suggested that 6l might be utilized as a candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology.,Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
| | - Tao Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
| | | | - Gang Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
| | | | - Yunbo Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
| | | | - Lin Wang
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology.,Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
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52
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Akhtar W, Nainwal LM, Kaushik SK, Akhtar M, Shaquiquzzaman M, Almalki F, Saifullah K, Marella A, Alam MM. Methylene‐bearing sulfur‐containing cyanopyrimidine derivatives for treatment of cancer: Part‐II. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e1900333. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Akhtar
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy)Jamia HamdardNew Delhi India
| | - Lalit M. Nainwal
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy)Jamia HamdardNew Delhi India
| | - Sumit K. Kaushik
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy)Jamia HamdardNew Delhi India
| | - Mymoona Akhtar
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy)Jamia HamdardNew Delhi India
| | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy)Jamia HamdardNew Delhi India
| | - Faisal Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of PharmacyUmm Al‐Qura UniversityMecca Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Saifullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of PharmacyUmm Al‐Qura UniversityMecca Saudi Arabia
| | - Akranth Marella
- Department of Regulatory AffairsGenpact India Private LimitedMumbai India
| | - Mohammad M. Alam
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy)Jamia HamdardNew Delhi India
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53
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El‐Gohary NM, El‐Kazak AM, Ibrahim MA. An efficient synthesis of novel heterocyclic systems incorporating coumarin moiety. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M. El‐Gohary
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of EducationAin Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Azza M. El‐Kazak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of EducationAin Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Magdy A. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of EducationAin Shams University Cairo Egypt
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54
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Liu C, Han X, Yu PJ, Chen LZ, Xue W, Liu XH. Synthesis and biological evaluation of myricetin-pentadienone hybrids as potential anti-inflammatory agents in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103597. [PMID: 32028063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Some important pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide are thought to play key roles in the destruction of cartilage and bone tissue in joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis. In the present study, a series of new myricetin-pentadienone hybrids were designed and synthesized. Majority of them effectively inhibited the expressions liposaccharide-induced secretion of IL-6, TNF-α and NO in RAW264.7. The most prominent compound 5o could significantly decrease production of above inflammatory factors with IC50 values of 5.22 µM, 8.22 µM and 9.31 µM, respectively. Preliminary mechanism studies indicated that it could inhibit the expression of thioredoxin reductase, resulting in inhibiting of cell signaling pathway nuclear factor (N-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Significantly, compound 5o was found to effectively inhibit Freund's complete adjuvant induced rat adjuvant arthritis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Pei Jing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Liu Zeng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Xin Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
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55
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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives from Different Starting Materials. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010151. [PMID: 31963362 PMCID: PMC7022947 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of coumarin dates back to 1820 when coumarin was first extracted from tonka bean by Vogel. Compounds containing coumarin backbone are a very important group of compounds due to their usage in pharmacy and medicine. Properties and biological activities of coumarin derivatives have a significant role in the development of new drugs. Therefore, many different methods and techniques are developed in order to synthesize coumarin derivatives. Coumarin derivatives could be obtained from different starting materials with various methods but with big differences in yield. This review summarized various methods, techniques and reaction conditions for synthesis of coumarins from different compounds such as aldehydes, phenols, ketones and carboxylic acids.
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Francisco CS, Francisco CS, Constantino AF, Neto ÁC, Lacerda V. Synthetic Methods Applied in the Preparation of Coumarin-based Compounds. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191121150047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins (2H-chromen-2-ones) are heterocyclic compounds of wide scientific
interest due to their important biological and pharmaceutical properties such as antitumor,
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities as well as enzymatic inhibitors
related to neurodegenerative diseases. Due to their structural variability, this compound
class has been attracting considerable interest in the natural products and synthetic organic
chemistry areas. Coumarins and their derivatives have been prepared by a variety of methods,
including Perkin, Wittig and Reformatsky reactions, Pechmann and Knoevenagel
condensations, and Claisen rearrangement, among others. In the present review we report
the different synthetic methods used in the preparation of coumarin derivatives exploited
in the last ten years (from 2008 to 2018), regarding the research demand for new structural
scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S. Francisco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Cristina S. Francisco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Álvaro Cunha Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Lacerda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Vitória, Brazil
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57
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Lian Q, Liu H, Zheng X, Jia D, Liu C, Wang D. Synthesis of polyacrylonitrile nanoflowers and their controlled pH-sensitive drug release behavior. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15715-15725. [PMID: 35493646 PMCID: PMC9052436 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01427c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel controlled drug release system based on pH sensitive polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanoflowers in different kinds of solvents was successfully prepared with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator and without any emulsifier or stabilizer by a one step static polymerization method. The composition and structure of the PAN nanoflowers were analyzed by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and laser particle size analysis. The polymer particles consisted of a number of lamellae, with a sheet thickness of about 10 nm, and were similar to the shape of flowers with a particle diameter of about 350 nm. The mechanism of the polymerization reaction and the formation were studied. Moreover, the effects of monomer ratio, initiator concentration, reaction time, dispersion medium and co-monomer on the morphology and particle size of the nanoflowers were also discussed. A relatively large specific surface area was formed during the formation of the nanoflowers, which favored drug adsorption. The results of the in vitro experiments revealed that PAN(TBP) nanoflowers, containing BSA in buffer solution of pH 7.4, demonstrated good sustained-release and the cumulative release rate was about 83% after 260 h. The results also showed that the sustained-release from the PAN(TBP) nanoflowers best fitted the Riger-Peppas model. This study indicated that PAN(TBP) nanoflowers provided a theoretical base for the development of carriers for sustainable drug-release. The schematic preparation of a new kind of pH-sensitive PAN nanoflower and its potential application for UC therapy. PAN (TBP) nanoflowers at pH 7.4 showed good sustained-release (t83% = 260 h), which best fitted the Riger–Peppas model.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lian
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology
- Qinhuangdao 066004
- P. R. China
| | - Han Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology
- Qinhuangdao 066004
- P. R. China
| | - Xuefang Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology
- Qinhuangdao 066004
- P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
| | - Dandan Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology
- Qinhuangdao 066004
- P. R. China
| | - Chun Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology
- Qinhuangdao 066004
- P. R. China
| | - Dongjun Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology
- Qinhuangdao 066004
- P. R. China
- Analysis and Testing Center
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58
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Shen QK, Gong GH, Li G, Jin M, Cao LH, Quan ZS. Discovery and evaluation of novel synthetic 5-alkyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-carbox-amide derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 35:85-95. [PMID: 31707866 PMCID: PMC6853232 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1680658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop novel anti-inflammatory agents, a series of 5-alkyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-[1, 2, 4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-carboxamide derivatives were designed, synthesised, and evaluated for anti-inflammatory effects using RAW264.7 cells. Structures of the synthesised compounds were determined using 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, and HRMS. All the compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory activity based on their inhibitory effects against LPS-induced NO release. Among them, 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-[1, 2, 4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-carboxamide (6p) showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity and inhibited NO release more potently than the lead compound D1. Further studies revealed that compound 6p reduced the levels of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6, and that its anti-inflammatory activity involves the inhibition of COX-2 and iNOS and downregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signal pathway. Notably, compound 6p displayed more prominent anti-inflammatory activity than D1 and the positive control ibuprofen in the in vivo acute inflammatory model. Overall, these findings indicate that compound 6p is a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Guo-Hua Gong
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Gao- Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Mei- Jin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Li-Hua Cao
- College of Medical, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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59
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Makar S, Saha T, Swetha R, Gutti G, Kumar A, Singh SK. Rational approaches of drug design for the development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), implicated in breast cancer. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103380. [PMID: 31757413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery and development have gained momentum due to the rational drug design by engaging computational tools and bioinformatics methodologies. Bioisosteric replacements and hybrid molecular approaches are the other inventive processes, used by medicinal chemists for the desired modifications of leads for clinical drug candidates. SERMs, ought to produce inhibitory activity in breast, uterus and agonist activity in other tissues, are beneficial for estrogen-like actions. ER subtypes α and β are hormone dependent modulators of intracellular signaling and gene expression, and development of ER selective ligands could be an effective approach for treatment of breast cancer. This report has critically investigated the possible designing considerations of SERMs, their in silico interactions, and potent pharmacophore generation approaches viz. indole, restricted benzothiophene [3, 2-b] indole, carborane, xanthendione, combretastatin A-4, organometallic heterocycles, OBHS-SAHA hybrids, benzopyranones, tetrahydroisoquinolines, Dig G derivatives and their specifications in drug design and development, to rationally improve the understanding in drug discovery. This also includes various strategies for the development of dual inhibitors for the management of antiestrogenic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Makar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Tanmay Saha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Rayala Swetha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Gopichand Gutti
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India.
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60
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Design, Synthesis and Investigation of the Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 7- O-Amide Hesperetin Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203663. [PMID: 31614601 PMCID: PMC6832651 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop new anti-inflammatory agents, a series of 7-O-amide hesperetin derivatives was designed, synthesized and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using RAW264.7 cells. All compounds showed inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NO production. Among them, 7-O-(2-(Propylamino)-2-oxoethyl)hesperetin (4d) and 7-O-(2-(Cyclopentylamino)-2-oxoethyl)hesperetin (4k) with hydrophobic side chains exhibited the most potent NO inhibitory activity (IC50 = 19.32 and 16.63 μM, respectively), showing stronger inhibitory effect on the production of pro- inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) than indomethacin and celecoxib at 10 μM. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) suggested that the 7-O-amide unit was buried in a medium-sized hydrophobic cavity of the bound receptor. Furthermore, compound 4d could also significantly suppress the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase enzymes (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), through the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway.
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61
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Rengifo-Rios AM, Muñoz-Gómez LM, Cabezas-Fajardo FA, Guerrero-Vargas JA. Edematic and coagulant effects caused by the venom of Bothrops rhombeatus neutralized by the ethanolic extract of Piper auritum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:112046. [PMID: 31279070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Colombia, the only authorized treatment to cure snakebite envenomation is with the use of antivenom. The antivenom neutralizes the systemic effects properly, but is not very effective at neutralizing local effects, thus several cases have lead to complications. On the other hand, rural communities turn to the use of plants that are easily accessible and available for basic health care. One of these plants is named Piper auritum (PA), which is traditionally highlighted in some indigenous communities of Antioquia and Chocó. AIM OF THE STUDY The main objective of this work was to characterize the venom's toxicity by determining the Minimum Edema Dose (MED), the Minimum Coagulant Dose-Plasma (MCD-P), the Minimum Hemorrhagic Dose (MHD) and to determine the neutralizing power of the Total Ethanolic Extract (TEE) from leaves of PA on the localized and systemic effects caused by the Bothrops rhombeatus venom. MATERIALS AND METHODS To begin, the minimum dose that causes edema-forming, coagulant and hemorrhagic activities was determined. The protocols investigated include coagulant and edematic activities caused by the venom of Bothrops rhombeatus which were neutralized by the TEE of PA. RESULTS The MCD-P was found to be 0.206 ± 0.026 μg, the MED is the same at 0.768 ± 0.065 μg, and the MHD is 3.553 ± 0.292 μg, which are different from the reports for Bothrops asper and Bothrops ayerbei. Next, a phytochemical screening was done to the TEE where mainly triterpenes, steroids, coumarins, saponins, and lignans were identified. Also present were 43,733 ± 2106 mg AG/g ES of phenols, which are secondary metabolites that are probably responsible for the neutralization of coagulant and edematic activities at rates of 2363.870 μL and 1787.708 μL of extract/mg of venom, respectively. As a comparative parameter, the National Institute Health's (NHI) effective dose of the antivenom was used as a comparative parameter. In addition, we determined the toxicity of the TEE of PA on to Artemia salina, being moderately toxic at 6 and 24 h, while the essential oil of PA at the same observation hours is in the extremely toxic range. CONCLUSIONS The results reflect that the extract of P. auritum has an anti-inflammatory effect similar to that of the NIH serum. It could be used as a complement of NIH antivenom, using them together so it contributes to effectively reduce inflammation and the socio-economic impact generated by the permanence of a patient victim of snakebite in health centers. CLASSIFICATIONS Immunological products and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Marcela Rengifo-Rios
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Bioterio, Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Luis Miguel Muñoz-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Bioterio, Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Fabio Antonio Cabezas-Fajardo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Química, Grupo Química de Compuestos Bioactivos, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Jimmy Alexander Guerrero-Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Bioterio, Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia.
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62
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Lipeeva AV, Zakharov DO, Gatilov YV, Pokrovskii MA, Pokrovskii AG, Shults EE. Design and Synthesis of 3‐(
N
‐Substituted)aminocoumarins as Anticancer Agents from 3‐Bromopeuruthenicin. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alla V. Lipeeva
- Laboratory of Medicinal ChemistryNovosibirsk institute of Organic Chemistry Lavrentyev Ave 9 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Danila O. Zakharov
- Laboratory of Medicinal ChemistryNovosibirsk institute of Organic Chemistry Lavrentyev Ave 9 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Medicinal departmentNovosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Yurii V. Gatilov
- Laboratory of Medicinal ChemistryNovosibirsk institute of Organic Chemistry Lavrentyev Ave 9 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Medicinal departmentNovosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Pokrovskii
- Medicinal departmentNovosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Andrey G. Pokrovskii
- Medicinal departmentNovosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Elvira E. Shults
- Laboratory of Medicinal ChemistryNovosibirsk institute of Organic Chemistry Lavrentyev Ave 9 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Medicinal departmentNovosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
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Singh H, Singh JV, Bhagat K, Gulati HK, Sanduja M, Kumar N, Kinarivala N, Sharma S. Rational approaches, design strategies, structure activity relationship and mechanistic insights for therapeutic coumarin hybrids. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3477-3510. [PMID: 31255497 PMCID: PMC7970831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid molecules, furnished by combining two or more pharmacophores is an emerging concept in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery that has attracted substantial traction in the past few years. Naturally occurring scaffolds such as coumarins display a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including anticancer, antibiotic, antidiabetic and others, by acting on multiple targets. In this view, various coumarin-based hybrids possessing diverse medicinal attributes were synthesized in the last five years by conjugating coumarin moiety with other therapeutic pharmacophores. The current review summarizes the recent development (2014 and onwards) of these pharmacologically active coumarin hybrids and demonstrates rationale behind their design, structure-activity relationships (SAR) and mechanistic studies performed on these hybrid molecules. This review will be beneficial for medicinal chemist and chemical biologist, and in general to the drug discovery community and will facilitate the synthesis and development of novel, potent coumarin hybrid molecules serving as lead molecules for the treatment of complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harbinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Jatinder Vir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Kavita Bhagat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Harmandeep Kaur Gulati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Mohit Sanduja
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal 121105, Haryana, India
| | - Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Nihar Kinarivala
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Novel resveratrol-based flavonol derivatives: Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:114-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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65
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Radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities of (hetero)arylethenesulfonyl fluorides: Synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) and QSAR studies. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:103015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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66
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Carbone A, Montalbano A, Spanò V, Musante I, Galietta LJV, Barraja P. Furocoumarins as multi-target agents in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:283-290. [PMID: 31319264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multi-target molecular entities, offer a path to progress both in understanding causes of disease and in defining effective small molecule treatments. Coumarin and its derivatives belong to an important group of natural compounds with diverse biological properties. They are found in vegetables and plants for which literature reports thousands of publications for the great variety of biological applications among which the photoprotective effects, thus being considered multi-targeting agents. Their furan condensed analogues constitute the family of furocoumarins, less represented in the literature, endowed with photosensitizing properties and often used for the treatment of skin diseases such as vitiligo and psoriasis. Despite the study of biological properties of linear and angular furocumarins dates back to ancient times, mainly as photosensitizers, these small molecules still represent an attractive scaffold for further development and applications in several therapeutic fields. The aim of the present review is to summarize the most promising chemical entities belonging to the class of furocumarins and coumarins, emerged in the last decades, and the methods used for their synthesis with a particular focus on main targets involved in the cystic fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Musante
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Luis J V Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples, "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Barraja
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
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Synthesis and chemical reactivity of the novel 3-chloro-3-(4-chlorocoumarin-3-yl)prop-2-enal. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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68
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Tao D, Wang Y, Bao XQ, Yang BB, Gao F, Wang L, Zhang D, Li L. Discovery of coumarin Mannich base derivatives as multifunctional agents against monoamine oxidase B and neuroinflammation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 173:203-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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69
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Wang BS, Huang X, Chen LZ, Liu MM, Shi JB. Design and synthesis of novel pyrazolo[4,3- d]pyrimidines as potential therapeutic agents for acute lung injury. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1121-1130. [PMID: 31117832 PMCID: PMC6534230 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1618291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Four series of total 35 new pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine compounds were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Among them, compound 4e was found to be the most potent inhibitor, which decreased the production of cytokines in vitro, such as NO, IL-6 and TNF-α, with IC50 values of 2.64, 4.38 and 5.63 μM, respectively. Further studies showed that compound 4e inhibited cytokines secretion of macrophages through suppressing TLR4/p38 signaling pathway. Additionally, compound 4e showed in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced model of acute lung injury. These data suggested that compound 4e may be a promising lead structure for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Shi Wang
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Zeng Chen
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Ming Liu
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Bo Shi
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , People's Republic of China
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70
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Chen Z, Chen SC, Li B, Yang YA, Zhang J. Synthesis and Evaluation of Glycyrrhetic Acid-aromatic Hybrids as Antiinflammatory Agents. Med Chem 2019; 16:715-723. [PMID: 31161995 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190603095502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, so it is desirable to search for novel anti-inflammatory agents with improved pharmaceutical profiles and reduced adverse effects. OBJECTIVE This study was to explore natural anti-inflammatory agents and improve therapeutic application of glycyrrhetic acid (GA) through molecular hybridization with active aromatics. METHODS Fourteen novel GA-aromatic hybrids were synthesized and evaluated for their antiinflammatory activities by inhibiting LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release in RAW264.7 cells. The synthesized compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. RESULTS The structure-activity relationship (SAR) study indicated that compounds with styryl displayed better NO inhibitory activity. Among them, compounds 2a and 3c exhibited the most promising activity with IC50 values of 9.93 μM and 12.25 μM, respectively. In addition, X-ray singlecrystal diffraction data for compounds 2e and 3c showed that the absolute configuration of GA skeleton was consistent with that of natural 18 β-glycyrrhetic acid. CONCLUSION The results showed that GA-aromatic hybrids were a new class of anti-inflammatory agents and this study provided useful information on further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Anqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Anqing 246052, China
| | - Shi-Chao Chen
- Elion Nature Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Bo Li
- Anhui Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yong-An Yang
- Elion Nature Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Anhui Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei 230032, China
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71
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Yao S, Wei B, Yu M, Meng X, He M, Yao R. Design, synthesis and evaluation of PD176252 analogues for ameliorating cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:757-763. [PMID: 31191866 PMCID: PMC6533884 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00632f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a clinical chemotherapy drug for cancers; however, its remarkably high kidney toxicity and other toxicities pose a danger to patients. As the small molecule inhibitor of GRPR, PD176252 can inhibit the growth and proliferation of various cancer cells, but the characteristics of high toxicity and poor water solubility has limited its use as a drug. When we studied PD176252 for the reduction of toxicity of cisplatin, we modified its structure to synthesize 16 analogues. Surprisingly, the analogues showed reduced cisplatin-induced renal toxicity, and unlike PD176252, the analogues 5d and 5m were almost non-toxic to the normal HK2 cells. Furthermore, the analogue 5d and PD176252 were subjected to cisplatin-induced inflammatory response in vitro. The results showed that 5d was able to better prevent this condition by effectively inhibiting its inflammatory response. Thus, this study will help in clinically reducing the side effects of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230000 , China .
| | - Biao Wei
- School of Pharmacy , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , 230032 , China
| | - Mingjun Yu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230000 , China .
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- School of Pharmacy , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , 230032 , China
| | - Meng He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230000 , China .
| | - Risheng Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230000 , China .
- Engineering Research Center of Bioprocess , Ministry of Education , PRC , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
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Anticancer effects of alloxanthoxyletin and fatty acids esters - In vitro study on cancer HTB-140 and A549 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:618-630. [PMID: 30544062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alloxanthoxyletin, a natural occurring pyranocoumarin isolated from a number of plant sources, such as family of Rutaceae, and its synthetic derivatives show cytotoxic and antitumor activities. In the present study new eleven esters of alloxanthoxyletin and fatty acids were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer toxicity. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR) and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) analyses. For all compounds 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effect on human melanoma cells (HTB-140), human epithelial lung carcinoma cells (A549) and human keratinocyte line (HaCaT). For the most active compounds (8-11) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay to assess the level of cell damage as well as migration inhibition assay were performed. To explain the basic mechanism of cell death induction, the effect of derivatives 8-11 on early and late apoptosis in Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD flow cytometry analysis was investigated. The results indicate that human melanoma cells (HTB-140) and human epithelial lung carcinoma cells (A549) were more sensitive to new alloxanthoxyletin derivatives exposure compared to human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Both, the cytotoxicity and the migration tests showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth, although with a different degree of efficacy. Tested compounds induced apoptosis in cancer cells, however, derivatives 8, 9, 10 and 11 were found to be much more potent inducers of early apoptosis in HTB-140 cells than in A549 and HaCaT cells. To establish the potent mechanism of action of alloxanthoxyletin derivatives 8, 9, 10 and 11 on HaCaT, A549 and HTB-140 cells, the level of IL-6 was measured. Our results indicate, that tested compounds significantly decrease the release of IL-6 for all cancer cell lines.
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73
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Zhang H, Ren QC, Ren Y, Zhao L, Yang F, Zhang Y, Zhao WJ, Tan YZ, Shen XF. Ajudecumin A from Ajuga ovalifolia var. calantha exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 murine macrophages and animal models of acute inflammation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:649-657. [PMID: 31070535 PMCID: PMC7011979 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1543331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ajuga ovalifolia Bur. et Franch. var. calantha (Diels) C. Y. Wu et C. Chen (Labiatae), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat several inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVE To assess the anti-inflammatory activity of ajudecumin A isolated from Ajuga ovalifolia var. calantha, and its possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.5 μg/mL)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were used to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of ajudecumin A (1-40 μM) in vitro. Nitric oxide levels were evaluated by Griess reagent. The mRNA levels of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were determined using qRT-PCR. Phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK and IκBα were detected by western Blot. To further assess the anti-inflammatory of ajudecumin A in vivo, mice were oral treated with ajudecumin A (10 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg, positive control) for 5 days before administration of carrageenan or xylene. Paw and ear edema were then measured, respectively. RESULTS Ajudecumin A (10-40 μM) decreased LPS-induced nitric oxide production with an IC50 value of 16.19 μM. Ajudecumin A (20 and 40 μM) also attenuated cell spreading and formation of pseudopodia-like structures, and decreased the mRNA levels of iNOS (55.23-67.04%, p < 0.001), COX-2 (57.58-70.25%, p < 0.001), TNF-α (53.75-58.94%, p < 0.01-0.001), IL-1β (79.41-87.85%, p < 0.001) and IL-6 (54.26-80.52%, p < 0.01-0.001) in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, ajudecumin A suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK, and IκBα, as well as IκBα degradation (p < 0.05-0.001). Finally, ajudecumin A (10 mg/kg) attenuated carrageenan- and xylene-induced inflammation in mice by about 28 and 24%, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Ajudecumin A exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo through inhibition on NF-κB and ERK/p38 MAPK pathways, suggesting that ajudecumin A may be potentially developed as a lead compound in anti-inflammatory drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy and College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-Cuo Ren
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy and College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy and College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy and College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Ji Zhao
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy and College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Li Q, Zhang J, Chen LZ, Wang JQ, Zhou HP, Tang WJ, Xue W, Liu XH. New pentadienone oxime ester derivatives: synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:130-138. [PMID: 29199491 PMCID: PMC6010105 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1396455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop novel anti-inflammatory agents, a series of new pentadienone oxime ester compounds were designed and synthesized. The structures were determined by IR, 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, and HRMS. All compounds have been screened for their anti-inflammatory activity by evaluating their inhibition against LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release in RAW 264.7 cell. Among them, compound 5j was found to be one of the most potent compounds in inhibiting NO and IL-6 (IC50 values were 6.66 µM and 5.07 µM, respectively). Preliminary mechanism studies show that title compound 5j could significantly suppress expressions of nitric oxide synthase, COX-2, and NO, IL-6 through Toll-like receptor 4/mitogen-activated protein kinases/NF-κB signalling pathway. These data support further studies to assess rational design of more efficient pentadienone oxime ester derivatives with anti-inflammatory activity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Juping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Liu Zeng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jie Quan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Hai Ping Zhou
- School of Material Science Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, ChuZhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen Jian Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Xin Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
- School of Material Science Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, ChuZhou, P. R. China
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75
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5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione-based fibrates as potential hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3787-3792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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76
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Molecular docking, Hirshfeld surface, structural, spectroscopic, electronic, NLO and thermodynamic analyses on novel hybrid compounds containing pyrazole and coumarin cores. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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77
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Liang N, Sang Y, Liu W, Yu W, Wang X. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Gingerol on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2018; 41:835-845. [PMID: 29508185 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gingerol was the main functional substance of Zingiberaceous plant which has been known as traditional medicine for thousands of years. The purpose of this experiment was to explore anti-inflammatory effects of gingerol and study the possible mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW246.7 cells. The cells were treated with 10 μg/mL LPS and 300, 200, 100, and 50 μg/mL gingerol for 24 h. The cytotoxicity of gingerol was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetra-zoliumbromide (MTT) method. Nitric oxide (NO) production was observed using Griess assays. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 have been analyzed by ELISA. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), IL-6, and IL-1β in LPS-induced RAW246.7 cells. Nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway-related proteins have been assessed by western blot assays. The determination of MTT showed that cell viability was not significantly affected by up to 300 μg/mL gingerol. Compared with LPS group, 50, 100, 200, and 300 μg/mL gingerol can inhibit the production of NO and the inhibitory rate was 10.4, 29.1, 58.9, and 62.4%, respectively. The results indicated gingerol existed anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, gingerol also observably inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 (p < 0.01) expression and secretion in a dose-dependent manner. At the genetic level, after the intervention of gingerol, mRNA transcriptions of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and IL-1β were all decreased. The protein expressions of iNOS, NF-κB, p-p65, and p-IκB were significantly increased in LPS-induced cells, while these changes were reversed by the treatment with gingerol. This study suggested that gingerol exerts its anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-induced macrophages which can inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines by targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liang
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Sang
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Research Center of Primary Products Processing Technology, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Research Center of Primary Products Processing Technology, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Yu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghong Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Research Center of Primary Products Processing Technology, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
From ancient times, natural products have been continuously used as therapeutic agents in the treatment of various ailments. Many drugs from the natural origin are available in the market as potent medicines. Over expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme is associated with various physical disorders like various types of inflammations associated with cardiovascular diseases or malignancies. The COX-2 inhibitory activity of many active constituents derived from plants is well established in the literature. These include coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, cinnamates, stilbenes and xanthines. In the present review, an attempt has been made to summarize applications of compounds since 2000 obtained from natural sources as COX-2 inhibitors. A brief synthetic methodology to access these natural product derivatives has been highlighted along with the Structure Activity Relationship (SAR).
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79
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Developing hybrid molecule therapeutics for diverse enzyme inhibitory action: Active role of coumarin-based structural leads in drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3731-3762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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80
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Zeeli S, Weill T, Finkin-Groner E, Bejar C, Melamed M, Furman S, Zhenin M, Nudelman A, Weinstock M. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Derivatives of Indoline as Highly Potent Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Agents. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4004-4019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shani Zeeli
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tehilla Weill
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Efrat Finkin-Groner
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Corina Bejar
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Michal Melamed
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Svetlana Furman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Michael Zhenin
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Abraham Nudelman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Marta Weinstock
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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Kumar S, Saini V, Maurya IK, Sindhu J, Kumari M, Kataria R, Kumar V. Design, synthesis, DFT, docking studies and ADME prediction of some new coumarinyl linked pyrazolylthiazoles: Potential standalone or adjuvant antimicrobial agents. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196016. [PMID: 29672633 PMCID: PMC5908142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) seems to have come to a dead end. The major consequences of the use and abuse of antibacterial drugs are the development of resistant strains due to genetic mutability of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms. We, herein, report the synthesis, characterization and biological activities of coumarin-thiazole-pyrazole (CTP) molecular hybrids with an effort to explore and overcome the increasing antimicrobial resistance. The compounds were characterized by analyzing their IR, Mass, 1H and13C NMR spectral data and elemental analysis. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was investigated against various pathogenic strains; the results obtained were further explained with the help of DFT and molecular orbital calculations. Compound 1b and 1f displayed good antimicrobial activity and synergistic effects when used with kanamycin and amphotericin B. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity of compounds 1b and 1f were studied against HeLa cells (cervical cancer cell) and Hek-293 cells. The results of molecular docking study were used to better rationalize the action and prediction of the binding modes of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advance Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarhs, India
| | - Vikram Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, AIIMS- New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Indresh K. Maurya
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Mukesh Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Ramesh Kataria
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advance Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarhs, India
- * E-mail: (RK); (VK)
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, M. M. University, Mullana-Ambala, India
- * E-mail: (RK); (VK)
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82
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Kurt BZ, Gazioglu I, Kandas NO, Sonmez F. Synthesis, Anticholinesterase, Antioxidant, and Anti-Aflatoxigenic Activity of Novel Coumarin Carbamate Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belma Zengin Kurt
- Bezmialem Vakif University; Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; 34093 Istanbul TURKEY
| | - Isil Gazioglu
- Bezmialem Vakif University; Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Analytical Chemistry; 34093 Istanbul TURKEY
| | - Nur Ozten Kandas
- Bezmialem Vakif University; Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology; 34093 Istanbul TURKEY
| | - Fatih Sonmez
- Sakarya University; Faculty of Arts and Science; Department of Chemistry; 54055 Sakarya TURKEY
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83
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Xue GM, Li XQ, Chen C, Chen K, Wang XB, Gu YC, Luo JG, Kong LY. Highly Oxidized Guaianolide Sesquiterpenoids with Potential Anti-inflammatory Activity from Chrysanthemum indicum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:378-386. [PMID: 29400471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ten new highly oxidized monomeric (1-8) and dimeric guaianolides (9 and 10), along with two known guaianolide derivatives (11 and 12), were isolated from the aerial parts of Chrysanthemum indicum using a bioassay-guided fractionation procedure. The new compounds were characterized by the basic analysis of the spectroscopic data obtained, and the absolute configurations were determined by both empirical approaches and ECD calculations. Inhibitory effects of 1-12 on nitric oxide production were investigated in lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-mediated RAW 264.7 cells, and most of them (1-8 and 11) displayed IC50 values in the range 1.4-9.7 μM. Moreover, a mechanistic study revealed that the potential anti-inflammatory activity of compound 1 appears to be mediated via suppression of an LPS-induced NF-κB pathway and down-regulation of MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Min Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre , Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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84
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Ruan BF, Ge WW, Cheng HJ, Xu HJ, Li QS, Liu XH. Resveratrol-based cinnamic ester hybrids: synthesis, characterization, and anti-inflammatory activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 32:1282-1290. [PMID: 29072109 PMCID: PMC6009859 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1381090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-three novel resveratrol-based cinnamic ester hybrids were designed and synthesized. All the compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity using RAW264.7 cells. Among them, compound D15 was found to be the most potent one in inhibiting NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The further study indicated that compound D15 could suppress expression of proteins iNOS, COX-2, p-p65, and p-IκB LPS-induced. Immunofluorescence further revealed compound D15 could reduce activation p65 in nuclei. All the results indicated that the anti-inflammatory activity of title compound may partly due to its inhibitory effect on the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban-Feng Ruan
- a School of Medical Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Ge
- a School of Medical Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jie Cheng
- a School of Medical Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , P. R. China
| | - Hua-Jian Xu
- a School of Medical Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , P. R. China
| | - Qing-Shan Li
- a School of Medical Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , P. R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Liu
- b Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs , School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , P. R. China
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85
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Fan YL, Ke X, Liu M. Coumarin-triazole Hybrids and Their Biological Activities. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang Police College; Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Ke
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang Police College; Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Green Pharmaceutical Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze river Delta Region; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
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86
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Luo G, Li X, Zhang G, Wu C, Tang Z, Liu L, You Q, Xiang H. Novel SERMs based on 3-aryl-4-aryloxy-2H-chromen-2-one skeleton - A possible way to dual ERα/VEGFR-2 ligands for treatment of breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:252-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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87
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Weng KG, Yuan YL. Synthesis and evaluation of coumarin derivatives against human lung cancer cell lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e6455. [PMID: 28902928 PMCID: PMC5597286 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Series of novel coumarin derivatives [I (a–d) and II (a–d)] were successfully synthesized and their structures were determined based on infrared 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), HRMS, and single crystal X-ray crystallography. Additionally, the new synthesized compounds were evaluated to identify the molecular characteristics that contribute to their cytotoxicity, which was tested against SK-LU-1, SPC-A-1 and 95D human lung cancer cell lines, using the MTT assay. The results of this study showed that compounds Ic, Id, IIc, and IId exhibited an efficient percentage of inhibition of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-G Weng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute and Hospital and Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Y-L Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing the Seventh People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
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88
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Li B, Cai S, Yang YA, Chen SC, Chen R, Shi JB, Liu XH, Tang WJ. Novel unsaturated glycyrrhetic acids derivatives: Design, synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:337-348. [PMID: 28803048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To develop novel anti-inflammatory agents, a series of unsaturated glycyrrhetic acids were designed, synthesized and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using RAW264.7 cells. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of NO inhibitory activity was analyzed. α,β-Unsaturated glycyrrhetic acids showed better activity, among them, compounds 6k and 6l with piperazine unit exhibited the most potent nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitory activity (IC50 = 13.3 and 15.5 μM respectively). Furthermore, compound 6k could also significantly suppress LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression and IL-6 production through MAPKs and NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shi Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yong-An Yang
- Elion Nature Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Shi-Chao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jing-Bo Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Wen-Jian Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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